Sneha samvadam may2013

]p-kX v- I - w- - HºXv / e-°w- ]Xns\m∂v / 2013 tabv /- 1433 PamZp¬ BJ¿

Xncpsamgn

6

]{Xm[n]¿°v ]dbm\p≈Xv

7

atX-X-c-Xzw, am\-hn-IX, Ckvemw

21

A¬Øm^v AΩm-´n-°p∂v

Krl]cn-]m-e\w ]cn-Wmahnizm-ksØ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂pthm?

Xkv\ow ^ukn 36

Aen sNΩmSv

IqSn-°mgvN

48

hnip≤]mX

50

hnthIm\µ\pw k¿haX kXyhmZhpw

XΩnse¥v?

9

]n.hn.F {]nwtdmkv

Internet Edition: www.snehasamvadam.com Email: editor@snehasamvadam.com For Online Booking: www.islamicbookshelf.com

2013 tabv

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18. Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, PB No:1981, Vyttila, Cochin-19, Tel: 0484 2301275, Fax: 0484 2301175

3

hm-b-\-°m-cp-sSkw-hm-Zw-

ho≠pw Nne eu PnlmZv "IYIƒ' ""Ncn{XØnse GsXmcp kw`hhpw c-≠v {]mhiyw Bh¿Øn°p∂p, hkvXp-XIfmbpw IYIfmbpw'' F∂Xv GtXm {Ko°v Zm¿i\nIs‚ hmNIßfmWv. tI-cfØnse Nne kw`h߃ FSp-Øpt\m-°nbm¬ ta¬ hmNIsØ "If-hmbpw IYbmbpw' F∂v am‰n hmbn-°m-sa∂v tXm∂p∂p. eu PnlmsZ∂ "Atd_y≥ `qXw' s]-¨Ip´nIsf Iq´tØmsS hioIcn®v sIm≠pt]mbn CuØ∏\ apIfn¬ sh®v ]√pw \Jhpw apSnbpsamgnsI as‰√mw Xn∂pXo¿Øv A¬ ^lw Nn°s‚ F√p-Ifpt]£n°p∂Xpt]mse acp`q-an-bn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn X´nb IY \msa√mw `o-XntbmsS hmbn®v Xo¿ØXmWv. {]-kvXp-X IY hmbn®v t]Sn®v ]\n]nSn®p N-Øpt]mb Hcp]mSv lX`mKycpsS Ipgnam-Sßfn¬ F≈pw aecpw t\Zn®v sIm≠m-Wv ]e kwLv]cnhm¿ imJIfnC-∂v {]`mXt`cnIƒ XpSßmdv Xs∂.

Akm[yamb a\°cpØv sIm≠v ac-WsØ AXnPohn® Nne AXnImb∑m¿ C-∂pw IpXnch´Øpw ]q¶pfbnepw am\-knItcmKØn\v ASnaIfmbn Ccp-´n-\p≈n¬ Pohn°p∂p. ]d™phcp∂Xv as‰m∂pa√, tI-cf-kaqlw klXm]tØmsS hmbn-®p-Xo¿Ø {]kvXpX C≠mkpIƒ IYIfmbn

amXr`qan BgvN]Xn∏n¬ ho≠pw {]-kn≤o-Icn®v sIm≠ncn°p∂p. Poh≥ tPm_v tXmakns‚ Nne C‚¿\mjW"]cn-Wma_UmbnIƒ' Hgn®v \n¿-Øn-bm¬ XmcXtays\ aebmfØn¬ \nehmcw ]pe¿Øp∂ B\pImenIamWv amXr-`qan BgvN]Xn∏v. X\n°v hgßmØ Nne Cw•ojv sS¿ant\mfPnIƒ HgnsI _m°nbp-≈sX√mw A∏Sn {Sm≥kvte‰v sNbvXv kz-¥w t]cn¬ {]kn≤oIcn°p∂ Po-h≥ tPm_v tXmakns‚ teJ\Øns‚ sam-Øw t]PpIƒ Iq´n°ng®v, AsXmgn-sIbp≈ t]PpIƒ°mWv Xm≥ hne\-¬InbsX∂ kzbwIrX \n¿h-rX - n-tbmsS amKkn\pambn aSßnt∏mIp∂ amXr`q-an hmb\°mcn\n t]Sn°Ww. Nne A-]-k¿∏I IYIfpsS t]PpIƒ IqSn C-\n Cu KWØn¬ F-ÆnØpStß-≠nbn-cn°p∂p.

IjvSamWv amXr`qanbpsS Imcyw! B¿.-Fkv.Fkpw ImtØmenIv _nj∏v Iu¨-knepaSßnb Nne BeØq¿ Im°Iƒ sImØns∏dp°n hngpßm≥ {ian®v, sXm-≠bn¬ XS™pt]£n® eu PnlmsZ-∂ {Iqc^enXw IYmcq]Øn¬ {]kn≤o-Icn°m≥ am{Xw XcwXmgv∂XmtWm sI.-]n tIihtat\m≥ \mbIXzw hl-n® amXr`qan BgvN]Xn∏v?

Ign™amkw {]kn≤oIcn® C-µpta-t\ms‚ "acWth´' F∂ IY hmbn®pXo-¿°m≥ IgnbmØh¿°mbn AXns‚ Bibsam∂v ]I¿Øs´.

2013 tabv

4

B¿.Fkv.Fkv IpSpw_Øn¬ P\n® kpawKe F∂ s]¨Ip´nsb ap-kvenw-\ma[mcnbmb _jo¿ {]Wbn®v, Hfnt®mSn hnhmlnXcmbn IpSpw_Po-hnXw \bn°p∂p; tkm\p F∂ aIƒ P\n°p∂p. AXn\nSbn¬ A¿_pZ-tcmKn-bmb _jo¿ thZ\ G¬-]n-® \ncmi-bn¬ BfllXy sNøp∂p. Cusbmcp XeapdtbmsS IY Igns™∂v I-cp-Xnb-h¿°v sX‰n. H∂ntesd XeapdIfpsS Ncn{Xw ]dbp∂ "CXnlmkßsf t]mse IY XpScpIbmWv. "atXXc\mbn' h-f¿∂ tkm\p {ItaW B¿.Fkv.Fkv Nn¥mKXn°mc\mbn amdp∂p. am{Xa√, Xs‚ ]nXmhns‚ eu PnlmsZ∂ NXn tkm-\p AΩsb t_m[ys∏SpØm≥ {ian-°p∂p. CXns\ {]Xntcm[n®p \n¬°p∂Xn\nsSbmWv kpawKebpw tcm-Ke-£W߃ {]ISn∏n®p XpSßp∂Xv. X--s‚ `¿Ømhns\ NnIn¬kn® tUm-IvS-sd Xs∂ A¿_pZNnI-n- k - ° - m-bn kpaw-Kebpw kao]n°p∂p. At∏mgmWv Ah¿°v Iy≥kd√ FbvUvkmsW∂ kXyw t_m[ys∏Sp∂Xv. `¿Øm-hn-s\mgn-sI a‰mscbpw kao]n°mØ kpawKe CXns\Xnsc s]m´nsØdn°p∂p. At∏m-gmWv `¿Ømhn\pw A¿_pZa√ FbvUvk - mbncp∂p tcmKsa∂pw A°mcyw Xpd∂p]dbm≥ aSn®mWv _jo¿ B-fll - Xy sNbvXsX∂pw tUmIvS¿ shf-ns - ∏-SpØp-∂Xv. am{Xa√, Xs‚ kplrØpw Ab¬°mcnbpamb Fenk_Øv F®v.sF.-hn _m[n®v acn°m≥ ImcWhpw _jo-dmsW∂pw Xs‚ aI≥ ]d™ eu Pn-lmZv IYIsf√mw kXyamsW∂pw kpa-wKe Xncn®dnbp∂p. tkm\phns‚ k¿´n^n°‰pIfn¬ Ah-\v "PmXnbn√ aXan√' Fs∂gpXnbXv XncpØn lnµp˛dUym¿ F∂m°W-sa∂p-w aIs\, eu PnlmZS°ap≈ NXnIƒ-s°Xnsc t]mcmSp∂ B¿.Fkv.F - - ns‚ imJbnte°v Ab°Wsa∂pap≈ kpawKebpsS {]XnImcNn¥tbmsS-bmWv IY Ahkm\n°p∂X.v Cµptat\m≥ I-Ybhkm\n∏ns®¶nepw amXr`qan Xp-ScpIbmWv, sXm´p]ndsI {]kn-≤o-Icn-® kpkvtajv Nt{¥mØns‚ "Fs‚ aIƒ Hfnt®mSpw apºv' F∂ IYbneqsS; C\nbpw AXv A`wKpcw XpScpI Xs∂ sNøpw...

ChnsS amXr`qanbS°ap≈ ap-Jy-[m-

cm- am[ya߃ a\ nemt°≠Xv aebm-fnhmb\°m¿ icmicn°p apIfn-emsW-∂ hkvXpXbmWv. P∑`qanbpw, ]pWy`qanbpw, IemIuapZnbpw l-t√-epbm amKkn\psa√mw hnfºnb ]gInb eu PnlmZv ho™v, ioXf]m-\ob-Ip-∏nI-fn¬ hnXcWw sNøp∂Xv sIm≠v kaq-lØn\v bmsXmcp KpWhpw {]-Xo-£n°m-\-n√; amXr`qan°pw.

A\mhiy IW°pIfpw A\mZriy IfhpIfpw tN¿Øv tIcfØn¬ a-X-kv]-¿Z hf¿Øm≥ {ian®Xn\memWv sI.kn.-_n.knbpw B¿.Fkv.Fkpw AXn\v Acp \n∂ t]meokv Un∏m¿´vsa‚pw PpUo-jydnbnse Nne ]qWq¬ [mcnIfpw ta¬t°mSXnIfm¬ hna¿in°s∏´Xv; i‡amb `mjbn¬ Xm°oXv sNø-s∏-´Xv. AØcsamcp h¿Kob{[phoIcWw ap∂n¬ I≠psIm≠v Xs∂bmWv a-eb - mf - Ønse apJy[mcmam[ya߃ CØcw {]Wb aXwam‰IYIƒs°Xnsc cq-£ambn {]XnIcn®Xv. CsX√mw ad∂v ]pXp-Xmbn IS∂ph∂ GXm\pw "Zp¿-\-S∏p-Imcp'ambn klib\w \SØp∂Xv a-ebmfØnse XesbSp∏ps≈mcp {]kn≤ - oIcWØn\v \mWt°SmWv. am{Xa√ amXr`qanbpsS Ncn{Xhpw ss]XrIhpw Adnbp∂ {]_p≤tIcfw amXr`qanbn\n∂v CXntesd {]Xo£n°p∂p≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Zbhmbn... ˛C_v\p sslZ¿

aym≥am¿ hne]n°p∂p... tdmln¶y≥, Imam≥ apkvenw-Iƒ-s°Xn-sc aym≥amdnse AdmIm≥ {]hniybn-¬ \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ {Iqcamb hwi-lXybpsS hnhc߃ temI a\pjymhImi kwLS\bmb lqa¨ ssd‰vkv hm®v shfn®Øp sIm≠p-h∂n-cn-°p-Ib - mWv. t^kv_p°neqsSbpw tªmKneq-sSbpw a‰nXc tkmjy¬ s\‰vh¿°pI-fneqsS-bpw "sse°v'"ss^°v' hmZ{]Xnhm-Zß-fn¬ am{Xw Xes]m°nbncp∂ aym-≥am-dn-se `oIcIq´s°mebpsS sR´n°p∂ hm¿ØIƒ Gsd°psd F®v B¿.U-ªnbpsS hniZoIcWØneqsS ]pdw temIw Adn™ncn°p∂p. aym≥amdnse ssk\nI P≠IfpsS B-io¿hmZtØmsSbpw _p≤aX t\-XrXz-Øns‚ ]n¥pWtbmsSbpw IqSn sXÆq-dpIfn¬ Bcw`n® Iem]w hyXykvX

_p≤aX {Kq∏pIƒ Gs‰Sp°pIbpw kw-LSnXamb D∑qe\Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬IpIbpamWp≠mbXv. Ign™ h¿jw Pq¨ amktØmSp Iq-Sn Xs∂ apkvenwIsf Ducphne°m\p-w {]Xntcm[w Xo¿°m\pw Nne _p≤-kw-LS\Iƒ {ian®ncp∂p CXn\v kmbp-[cq]w ssIhcnIbmWv Ct∏mgsØ \o°ØneqsS \S∂Xv. `cWIqSØns‚ \nc¥c ]oU\Øn-\n-cbmb˛-a\ - pjym-hIm-i kwLS\IfpsS CSs]S¬ aqew tamNnXbmb˛{]Xn]£ t\Xmhv bmMv km≥ kqNn hsc Cu Icmf kw`h߃-s°Xncn¬ {]XnIcn°p∂n√ F∂XmWv Gsd sR´n°p∂Xv. A\oXnbpw Ak-aXzhpsa√mw Xs‚ sXmen∏pdØv kv]¿in°ptºmƒ am{Xw {]k‡am-Ip∂ H∂msW∂ XcØnse temIamZcn°p-∂b - mfpIƒ hsc amdn Nn¥n°p-tºmƒ, temI kam[m\Øn\mbn aX˛kmwkv-Imcn-I˛cmjv{Sob _ZepIsf Ipdn®v B-temNnt°≠nbncn°p∂p. aym≥adnse CcIfpsS A`bm¿Yn Iym-ºpIfn¬ hsc \nµyamb a\pjy-mh-Imi ewL\ßfmWv \S∂psIm≠ncn-°p∂Xv F∂XmWv F®v.B¿.Uªyp Is≠Ønbncn°p∂Xv. `qcn]£w t]cpw ]-I¿®hym[nIfpw a‰pw ]nSns]´v ac-Wh{‡ØnemWv. AXntesd `oIcamWv tdmln¶y IymºpIfpsS kao]ØmWv, ssk-\nIhml\ßfn¬ sIm≠phcp∂ sIm√s∏´hcpsS arXtZl߃ kw-kvI-cn°p∂p F∂Xv. Iem]w \nb{¥n°m≥ _m[yÿcmb `cWIqSØns‚ {]tXyI tk\bmb tem≥sXbv≥, \kmI {Kq∏pIfpw ssk\y-˛A¿[ssk\y hn`mKßfpw Iem-]Im-cn-Iƒ°v HØmi sNbvXp sImSp°p∂ hnhcßfpw F®v.B¿.Uªnbp dnt∏m-¿-´n¬ ]cma¿in°p∂p≠v.C°mcyw a\pjymhImiØn¬ hnizkn-°p-∂h - c - n¬ Gsd sR´epfhm°p∂Xv. A{I-a߃-°pw A\oXnIƒ°pw aXhpw h¿Khpw PmXnbpan√. GXv cmPyØpw ]oUnXsc klmbnt°≠Xp≠v. aym≥amdnse apkvenwIfpw {ioe-¶bn-se Xangv hwiPcpsa√mw \oXn A-¿ln-°p∂hcmWv. BtKmf hym]Iambn kam[m\Imw£nIfmb `cWm[n-Im-cn-Iƒ \SØp∂ kwbp‡ Xocpam\߃ CØcw kabØv KpWIcamhpw. AXn-

2013 tabv

5

\m-bn temIw ap∂n´ndßWsa∂ A-t]£-tbmsS. ˛X≥kolv Xr∏\®n

atXXcXzØns‚ t]cn"kmwkvImcnI ]cZqjW'ßtfm? tIcfØnsemcmƒ°v "atX-Xc - '-\m-hW-sa¶n¬ F{X hsc Xcw XmgWw? kz¥-w aXØn¬ A\y¿ hna¿in°p∂ apgph-≥ Imcyßfpw icnbmsW∂v kΩ-Xn°p-Itbm AhcpsS "icnIƒ'°\pkcn®v kz¥w hnizmk{]amW߃ "icnbm-°n'sb-Sp°pItbm sNbvXm¬ aXntbm? AtXm kz¥w aXØnse "sX‰pIƒ' s]mXp ]cnkcØv sh®v hkv{Xmt£]w sNbvXv kΩXn t\SnsbSpt°-≠Xp-t≠m?

B›cyNn”ßfmbn ]cnWan-t°≠ ta¬ tNmZyNn”߃ Db¿∂phcp∂-Xv aebmfØnse Nne B\pImenIß-ƒ ImWptºmgmWv. kz¥w ]nXmhv kaqlw BZcn®ncp∂ kmlnXy-Imc-\mbn F∂Xv Hcp sXs‰m∂pa√. AtX kaql-w X∂n¬ kmlnXyImcs\ ImWm≥ hn^e{iaw \SØn F∂Xpw sX‰msW∂v IcpXm≥ \n¿hmlan√. ]s£, kaql-w {]Xo£n®Xv Xncn®v sImSp°m≥ Ign-bm-ØXns‚ t]cn¬ kapZmbw BZcn°p-∂Xns\ X√nØI¿Øv "thdn-´v tI´p-thm Fs∂m®' F∂v Xe sh´n®v t\m°p-∂h≥ sX‰pImc\s√∂v GXv atXXc a\xkm£nbmWv kΩXn®p XcnI! G{]n¬ e°w ]®°pXnc amkn-Ibn-se Hcp s{]m^kdpsS atXXc {S∏okp-Iƒ ImWptºmƒ klXm]amWv tXm-∂p∂Xv. _lp`mcyXzw Ckvemw tem-IØn\v kw`mh\ sNbvX kmaql-nI \nbasam∂pa√. temIØv Ign™v t]m-b GsXms° aXßfpw \mKcn-I-XI-fpapt≠m Ahsb√mw kwibte-i-as\y AwKoIcn®XmWv _lp`mcyXz-sa∂-Xv. AXns‚ {]mtbmKnIXbpw {]m-amWn-IXbpw t_m[ys∏Sm≥ apkvenw kapZm-bØns‚ AItØ ]≈nbn¬ P\nt°-≠ Imcyan√. Aapkvenw _p≤n-Pohn-IfS°w \nch[n t]¿ AwKoIcn® C-u hkvXpX hniZoIcn°m≥ Chn-sSbp-t-±in°p∂pan√. ]s£, AØcw hnhmlßfpsS ]›m-Øehpw AXnse tKmkn∏pIfpw IqSn NnIs™SpsØgpXp∂ "`qX°-Æm-Sn(_m°n t]Pv 47¬)

Xn-cp-sam-gnA_q AZo_v

A[zm-\hpw bmN-\bpw kpss_¿ C_v\p A∆man¬\n∂v \nth-Z\w: \_n ]d™p: \nß-fn-sem-cmƒ Ibsd-SpØv ae-bn¬ t]mbn Xs‚ apXp-In¬ Hcp sI´v hndIp Npa∂v sIm≠p-h∂v AXv hn‰p In´p∂ Imip-sIm≠v Abm-fpsS A`n-am\w A√mlp kwc-£n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nAXmWv P\-ß-tfmSv bmNn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Abmƒ°v DØ-aw. P\-߃ Abmƒ°v \¬Ip-Itbm \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm sNømw. (_p-Jm-cn)

bmN\ Hcp sXmgn-em-bn amdn-bn-cn-°pI-bm-Wv. sshIm-sX Xs∂ bmN-I¿°nS-bn¬ sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Ifpw Atkm-k n--tb-j-\p-Ifpw cq]-s∏-t´-°mw. _-kv-Ãm-‚p--If - nepw sdbn¬th-tÃ-j\ - pI-fpw D-’h - ∏ - d - º - p-Ifpw tI{µo-Ic - n®v sNdn-b Ip´n-I-sfbpw AwK-ssh-I-ey-ap-≈h-scbpw D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ h≥ bmNI dm°-‰p--Iƒ {]h-¿Ø - n-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv CS- b v -°n-sS hm¿Ø-I-fm-hm-dp-≠v. hgn-b-cnIn¬ ac-Ws - ∏-´p-In-S∂ Nne bmN-Ic - psS `mfi-ßf - n¬\n∂v ]Xn-\m-bn-c° - W - ° - n\v cq-]-b-S-ßp∂ ]gvkpw e£-߃ _me≥-kp≈ _m¶v ]m v_p°pw Is≠-SpØp-sh-∂Xv hni∏v am‰p-hmt\m A\n-hmcy-amb a‰v Poh-k‘ - m-cW - ß - ƒt°m th≠n-b-√ ]ecpw bmN-\-bp-ambn \S-°p∂-Xv F∂Xv t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. XßfpsS ÿncw Gcn-b-bn-te°v a‰v bmN-I¿ {]th-in-°p-∂Xv AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ignbm-ØXv sIm≠p≈ hg-°p-Iƒ t]mepw tIc-f-Ønse Nne \Kc ImgvN-I-fm-Wv. hoSp-Iƒ tXmdpw Ib-dn-bn-dßn ssI\o-´p-∂tXm hgn-b-cn-In¬ XpWn hncn-®ncn-°p-∂tXm s{Sbn\p-If - n¬ Im¿Up-If - pambn hcp-∂tXm am{X-a√; {]XypX X\n°-¿l-X-bn-√mØ ]Wtam a‰v hkvXp°tfm Xncn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-sa∂ hyh-ÿbn-√msX Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂s - X√mw Hc¿YØ-n¬ bmN-\-bpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ s]Spw.

Hcn-°¬ kmº-ØnI sNe-hp≈ Hcp k‘n--bpsS DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øt- a-s‰-SpØ J-_ok klmbw Bh-iy-s∏´v \_nsb k-ao-]n® kml-N-cy-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I≥  ]d™p: J_ok, aq∂v Bfp-Iƒ°√m-s-X Hcmƒ°pw `n£m-S\w A\p-h-Z\o-ba - √ - . 1. DØ-ch - m-ZnXzw Gs‰-SpØ hy‡n. AXv \nd-th-‰p-∂Xv hsc A-bm-ƒ°v bm-N\ A\p-hZ- \ - o-ba - m-Wv. tijw A-Xn¬-\n∂v ]n≥am-d-Ww. 2. Hcp AXym-ln-XØn¬s]´v kºØv \jvS-s∏´ hy‡n.

Po-hn-Xa - m¿Kw kzmb-Øa - m-°p-∂Xv hsc klm-b-a-`y¿Yn-°¬ Ah\pw A\p-h-Z\o-ba - m-Wv. 3. ISpØ Zmcn-{Zy-Øn¬ AIs∏-´ hy‡n. Xs‚ P\-Xb - n¬\n∂v hnthI-im-en-If - mb aq∂v t]¿ Abmƒ ISpØ Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-em-sW∂v km£yw hln-°pIbpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Abmƒ°pw Pohn-X-am¿Kw ssIh-cp-∂Xv hsc bmN\ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. J_ok, CX-√mØ as‰√m klm-b`y¿Y-\-Ifpw \njn-≤-amWv. AXn-eqsS Abmƒ `£n-°p-∂Xv \njn-≤-hp-amWv.'' (ap-kvenw) hndIv tiJ-cn®v hn‰n-´m-sW-¶nepw bmN-\ Hgn-hm-°W - s - a∂v ]Tn-∏n® \_n , Btcm-Ky-ap-≠m-bn-cns° sXmgn¬ sNøW-sa∂pw bmN\ ]mSn-s√-∂p-ap≈ ktµi-amWv \¬Ip-∂Xv. A\ym-ba - mbn bmNn°p-∂h - ≥ apJØv amwk-an-√m-sX-bm-bncn°pw \msf ]c-tem-IØv lmP-cm-°-s∏Sp-I-sb∂v lZoYp-I-fn¬ ImWmw. k-º-

2013 tabv

6

Øv h¿[n-°m≥ th≠n bmNn-°p-∂-h≥ Xo-°\ - e - mWv tNmZn-®p-hm-ßp-∂s - X∂pw P\-ßt- fmSv H∂pw tNmZn®v hmßn-s√∂v D-d∏v Xcp-∂-h¿°v kz¿Kw Dd-∏p-X-cm-sa∂-pw Ahn-Sp∂v ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

A[zm-\n®v `£Ww Ign-°p-∂X - ns‚ a-lXzw \_n {]m[m-\y-]q¿hw ]Tn-∏n®p. Hcp-thf At±lw ]d™p: ""kz¥w ssI-sIm≠v sXmgn¬ sNbvXv `£n-°p∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ hnin-jvSa - mb Blmcw Hcmfpw Ign-®n-´n-√.'' (_p-Jmcn) ap≥ {]hm-NI - ≥am-cpsS khn-ti-jX - Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ FSp-Øp-]d - ™ Hcp Imcyw Ah-c-[n-Ihpw A[zm-\n®v `£-Ww Ign-°p-∂h - c - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh--∂XmWv. "ZmhqZv {]hm-NI - ≥  kz¥w Icw sIm≠p-≈ A[zm-\-^-e-Øn¬\n∂-√mØ `£-Ww Ign-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂pw' (_p-Jmcn) "k-I-cnø \_n  Bim-cn-bmbncp∂psh-∂pw' (apkvenw) lZoYp-I-fn-ep-≠v. bmN-Isc Ifn-bm-°tem H∂pw \-¬Im-Xn-cn-°tem hgn-b√ bmN-\sb \ncp’m-ls - ∏-Sp-tØ-≠X - v. \√ \ne-bn¬ Ah-sc ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p-IbmWv Ic-Wo-bw. DXv]m-Z\ - m-[n-jT v n-Xa - mb sNdp-InS sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-ß-fp-≠m°n A-h-scbpw {Inbm-fl-I-ambn kaql ]ptcm-KX - n-bpsS `mK-am-°m-\mWv k¿°mcpw CXc aX k - m-aqly klmb tI{µ-ßfpw {ian-t°-≠X - v.

]-{Xm-[n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-

hna¿i-\-ßsf a[p-c-ap-≈-Xm-°n-Øo¿°pI "Bfp-I-fpsS hna¿i-\-ß-sfbpw \nµ-sbbpw ]q¿W-ambn C√m-Xm-°m-\m-Ip-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂h¿ _p≤n-iq-\y-cm-Wv. hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn Imcy-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw kz¥sØ AXn-\-\pkr-X-ambn k÷o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿, P\-߃ ]pI-gvØp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Bkz-Zn-°pI hna¿in-°p-∂X - n-s\-bm-Wv. P\-߃ \ymb-amb coXn-bn-emWv {]iw-kn-°p-∂s - X-¶n¬t]mepw AXv Xm≥ Adn-bp-∂-Xp-aqew X\n°v Xs∂°pdn-®p -Xs∂ aXn∏v h¿[n-∏n°p-Ibpw AXv Xs‚ \∑I-fpsS aqeyw Ipd-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvtX°mw F∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wn-Xv. P\-߃ A\ym-b-amb coXnbn¬, A¿l-X-s∏-SmØ Imcy-Øn-emWv {]iw-kn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv Xm≥ Adn-bp-∂-Xp-aqew bYm¿Y-a-√mØ Hcp Imcy-sØ-s®m√n X\n°v A\ym-b-amb kt¥m-j-ap-≠m-hp-Ibpw AXv Hcp henb Xn∑-bmbn Xocp-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. AtX-k-abw P\-߃ \ymbambn hna¿in-°p-Ibpw Xm≥ AXv Adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-aqew Xs‚ sX‰pIsf°dn®v kzbw a\ nem°phm\pw Xm≥ hna¿in°s∏Sp∂ Imcyßfn¬ \n∂v Hgn™v \n¬°phm\pw Hcmƒ°v km[n°pw. CXv Xo¿®bmbpw alØmb `mKyw Xs∂bmWv; sX‰pImc\√msX B `mKyw Dt]£n°m\mhpIbn√. A\ymbamb coXnbn¬ hna¿in°s∏SpIbpw AXv Xm≥ AdnbpIbpw sNbvXn´pw £a Ah-ew-_n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ £abpw kl-\hpw hgn IqSp-X¬ {]Xn-^ew e`n°p-∂-h-\m-bn-Øo-cp-hm≥ X\n°v Ign-bp-a-t√m. A\ym-b-ambn hna¿in-°p-∂-h-cpsS Nne \√ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS {]Xn-^-ehpw Abmƒ°v e`n-°p-a-t√m. G‰-hp-a-[nIw c£ Bh-iy-ap≈ \ymb-hn[n \mfn¬ Ch Abmƒ°p≈ k¬I¿a-ßf - mbn FÆ-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. Xm≥ {]h¿Øn°p-Itbm {]h¿Øn-°m-\mbn {]bm-ks - ∏-Sp-Itbm sNømØ \∑-bpsS {]Xn-^ew e`n-°pIsb∂Xns\ sNdp-Xmbn ImWpI hnUvV - n-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. P\-߃ Abm-sf-°p-dn®v {]iw-kn-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw AXv Abmƒ Adn-bm-Øn-St- Øm-fw-Imew Abmƒ°v AXp-sIm≠v KpWtam tZmjtam D-≠m-hp-Ib - n-√. F∂m¬ hna¿i-\Ø - ns‚ ÿnXn AX-√. AXv Abmƒ Adn-™mepw Cs√-¶n-epw Abmƒ°v KpW-Ic - a - m-Wv. Fß-s\-bm-sW-¶nepw AXv Abmƒ°v {]Xn-^ew t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p.' lnPvd A©mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn® {]kn≤ A¥-eq-kn-b≥ apkvenw _p≤n-Pohn Camw A_q apl-ΩZv C_v\p lk-ans‚ InØm_p¬ AJvemJp hkvk - n-bm¿ ^o apZm-hmØp \p^qkv F-∂ {KŸ-Ønse, "A¬ AJvep hdml' F∂ `mKØv {]iw-ks - bbpw hna¿i-\s - Ø-bpw-Ip-dn®v ]-cma¿in-°p-tºmƒ Camw ]d™ apI-fn-esØ hcn-Iƒ F°m-eØ - p-ap≈ {]t_m-[I - ¿°v shfn®w \¬Ip-∂h - b - m-Wv. {]iwk CjvSs - ∏-Sp-Ibpw hna¿i\w shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-Is - b∂ am\p-jn-Ia - mb kzm`m-hn-IX a\pjya\- p-Isf Akz-ÿhpw Aim-¥h - p-am-°p-∂X - m-sW∂pw {]kvXpX Aim-¥n-bn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-hm-\p≈ G‰hpw \√ acp∂v A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn-°p-th≠n Po-hn--°pI-bm-sW∂pw ka¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠mWv Camw C_v\p lkw apI-fn¬ ]d™ \nco-£W - ß - ƒ \-SØp-∂X - v. P\ß-fpsS {]iwk B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw hna¿i\w `b-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - ¿°v A-h¿ Adn-bmsX kz¥w k¬I¿a-߃ \jvSs - ∏-Sp-Ib - m-Wv sNøp-∂s - X∂pw AØ-c° - m-¿° - v B-flm-¿Yambn A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn am{Xw Imw£n-®p-sIm≠v I¿a-߃ sNøp-hmt\m A-ßs\ kz-PohnXw {]Im-ia - m-\a - m-°p-ht\m Ign-bn-s√∂ hkvXp-Xb - n-te-°mWv Camw ChnsS sh-fn®w hoip-∂X - .v A√m-lp-hns‚ aXw a‰p-≈-h¿°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ah-cp-ambn kwh-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ah¿ sNøp∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf√mw A√mlp-hns‚ {]oXn am{Xw Dt±-in-®p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ≠ _m[y-X-bp-≠v. Bfp-I-fpsS {]iwk B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw Biw-k-Iƒ Imw£n-°p-Ibpw IøSn {]Xo-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂2013 tabv

7

h¿°v ]e-t∏mgpw kXyw Xpd-∂p-]-d-bm≥ Ign-™p-sIm-≈-W-sa-∂n-√. A√mlp am{X-amWv Bcm-[ys\∂v {]t_m-[\w sNøp-∂h - sc kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw krjvSn-]q-Pb - psS \nc¿Y-IX t_m[y-s∏-Sp-tØ≠n-h-cnI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. krjvSn]qP-I-cp-sSbpw AXns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-sSbpw BZ¿i-]-c-amb sh-dp∏v kºm-Zn-®p-sIm-≠√ - msX kXy-k‘ - a - mbn kXy-aX {]t_m-[\w \n¿h-ln-°p-hm-\m-hp-Ib - n-s√-∂¿Yw. {]t_m-[n-X-cpsS \∑ Imw£n-®p-sIm≠pw tam£w B{K-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-amWv kXy-Øn-te°v A-hsc £Wn-°p-∂s - X-¶nepw {]iw-kb - m-hp-Ib - n-√, A`n-iw-kbmbncn°pw {]t_m-[I - ¿°v t\cn-tS-≠n-hc - n-Isb-∂v {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-sb√mw Ncn{Xw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS hy‡nPo-hn-X-Øn¬ aXn∏p-≈h - c - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬t]mepw Ahsc hna¿in-°p-Ibpw \nµn-°p-Ibpw sNøm-\mWv {]t_m-[nXkaqlw samØ-Øn¬ XømdmbXv F∂ hkvXpX \¬Ip∂ ]mTw hne-s∏´-Xm-Wv. hy‡n-]c - a - mbn F{X-Xs∂ \∑-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂h - c - m-sW-¶nepw kXyw ]d-bm≥ N¶q‰w ImWn-°p-∂h - ¿°v hna¿i-\ß - fpw \nµbpw t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-sa∂ ]mTw; Cu ]mTw bYm-cq-]-Øn-¬ Dƒs°m-≈m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv {]iw-k-Iƒ am{Xw B-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw hna¿i-\-߃ shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. {]iw-k-I-f-√, hna¿i\-ß-fmWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn- Imw-£n-°p-∂-h¿ B{K-ln-°p-I-sb∂ C_v\p lk-ans‚ \nco-£Ww {]k-‡-am-Ip-∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. {]iw-kI - ƒ tIƒ°m≥ B{K-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw hna¿i-\ß - sf `b-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - ¿ - °v am{Xsa bYm-cq-]-Øn¬ Ckv-em-ans\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw If-¶-te-i-an-√mØ XuloZv {]t_m-[\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøm-\m-Iq-sh-∂mWv {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Ncn{Xw \¬Ip∂ ]mTw. kz¥-°mcpw CjvSs - ∏-´h - c - p-amWv _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\ - bpsS h‡m-°fpw {]tbm-‡m-°fpw \ymbo-Ic - n°p-∂hcp-sa-∂s - Xm∂pw Xs∂ {]t_m-[\ - h - o-Yn-bn¬ N¶q-‰t- ØmsS \ne-\n¬°p-hm≥ {]hm-NI - ≥am¿°v XS- -am-bn-´n-√. F°m-e-sØbpw XuloZn{]t_m-[-I¿°v amXr-I-bmb C{_mlnw \_n -bpsS i‡\m-b hna¿i-I\pw FXn-cm-fnbpw kz¥w ]nXm-hp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. kz¥w _oP-Øn¬ ]nd∂ ]p{X-≥ FXn-cm-fn-bm-bp-s≠-∂Xv \qlv \_n -sbtbm kz¥-tØm-sSm∏w InS-∏d ]¶n-Sp-∂-h¿ Xn∑-bpsS ]£-Øp-s≠-∂Xv eqXzv \_n -sbtbm BZ¿i {]t_m-[\cwK-Øp-\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®n-´n-√. ]nXr-hy\m-b A_q-e-l_v i‡-amb hna¿i-\-ß-fp-ambn cwK-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xpw Xs∂ kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw Xmßm-bn \n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂tXmsSm∏w Xs∂ Xs‚ hna¿i-I-tcm-sSm∏w Bi-b-∏m-b-bn¬ InS-°p-∂h-\mWv Xs‚ as‰mcp ]nXr-hy-\mb A_q-Xm-en_v F∂Xpw A¥na {]hm-N-I-s\ Gsd ZpxJn∏n-®n-cp∂p-sh-¶nepw BZ¿i-{]-t_m-[\cwKØv A¬]-sa-¶nepw hn´phogvN sNøp-hm≥ {]tNm-Zn-∏n-®n-´n-√. Xs‚ \m¬]Xv hb- p-hsc Xt∂m-sSm∏w D≠m-hp-Ibpw Xs∂ A¬-˛-A-ao≥ F∂v hnfn®p {]iw-kn-°p-Ibpw Xs∂ hna¿in-°p-hm≥ Bscbpw A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-h¿ X-s∂-bmWv Xm≥ kXyw Dds° ]d-™p-sh-∂-Xn-\m¬ Xs‚ \nµ-Icpw hna¿i-I-cp-am-bn-Øo¿∂-sX∂ Imcyw, kXyw ]d-bp-∂Xn¬ sNdn-b -tXm-Xn-se-¶n-ep-ap≈ hn´p-hogvN sNøp-hm≥ apl-ΩZv \_nsb t{]cn-∏n-®n-´n-√. {]iw-k-Iƒ B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw hna¿i-\-ßsf `b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v {]hm-N-I≥amcpsS ]n≥ap-d-°m-cm-Im≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-s√∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂-XmWv {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsSsb√mw {]t_m-[\Ncn-{Xw. Ckve - m-an-Im-Z¿i-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ hna¿i-\ß - ƒ°v {]am-W_ - ≤ - hpw hkvXp-\n-jvTh - p-amb adp-]Sn \¬Ip-hm≥ N¶q‰w ImWn-°p-tºmgpw X\n-s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ hy‡n-]c - a - mb hna¿i-\ß - sf Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw kzmK-Xt- am-Xp-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - \ - m-bn-cn°pw kXy-hn-izm-kn-sb∂ C_v\p-lk - a - ns‚ \nco-£Ww Gsd {it≤b-am-Wv. X\n-s°-Xnsc \S-°p∂ hna¿i-\ß - ƒ Xm≥ Adn-™mepw Cs√-¶nepw X\n°v Kp-WI - c - a - m-sW∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂b - mƒ Hcn-°epw Xs∂ hna¿i-\ß - ƒ°v apºn¬ Icn-™p-t]m-hp-Ib - n-√. hna¿i-\ß - ƒ kXy-k‘ - a - m-sW-¶n¬, Xs∂ Xncp-Øp-hm-\p≈ kph¿Wm-hk - c - a - m-bmWv Abmƒ AXns\ ImWp-I. Xm\dn-bmsX h∂-p ` - h - n® sX‰p-Isf Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-hm≥ k∑-\ v ImWn-®b - m-fmbn hna¿i-Is\ ImWp-Ibpw, sX‰p-Iƒ ]c-ky-am-°msX KpW-Imw-£t- bmsS Xs∂ Xncp-Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F∂v B{K-ln-°p-Ib - pamWv AØ-cw hna¿i-\ß - ƒ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ sNøp-I. hna¿i-\ß - ƒ kXy-k‘ - a - s - √¶n¬, Xs∂ \nµn-°p-Ibpw A]-Io¿Øn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂X - n-\p-th≠n am{Xw ]S-°s - ∏-´X - m-sW¶n¬t]mepw Ah-tbmSv {Inbm-flI - a - mbn {]XnIcn°p-∂h - \ - m-bn-cn°pw kXy-hn-izm-kn. Xm≥ Hcn-°epw {]Xo-£n-°mØ Xc-Øn¬ {]Xo-£n-°m-Øh - c - n¬\n∂v {Iqc-amb \nµbpw A`n-iw-kb - p-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒt]mepw Ah-tbmSv kwlm-cm-flI - a - mbn {]Xn-Ic - n®v Xs‚ Ckve - m-anI hy‡n-XzsØ If-¶s - ∏-Sp-Øm-sX, kwb-a\hpw £abpw ]men®v Ah-bv°p-≈ A√m-lp-hns‚ {]Xn-^ew Imw£n-°p-Ib - mWv hnizmkn sNøp-I. AtXmsSm-∏w-Xs - ∂, Xm≥ sNømØ sX‰n\v Xs∂ {Iqin-°p-∂h¿ Pohn-XØ - n¬ Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw sNbvXn´p≈ k¬I¿a-߃t]mepw X\n°v KpW-Ic - a - m-bmWv `hn-°p--I F∂ Xncn-®d - nhpw hna¿in-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - ns\ a[p-cX - c - a - mb A\p-`h - a - m-°n-Øo¿°p-Ib - mWv sNøp-I. {]iw-kI - ƒ B{K-ln-°p-Itbm hna¿i-\ß - sf `b°p-Itbm sNømsX kXy-aX {]t_m-[\ - s - a∂ ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂h - ¿°mWv A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn°v ]m{Xam-Ip-hm≥ Ign-bpI. AXn\v A√mlp A\p-{K-ln-°s - ´-. (B-ao≥) 2013 tabv

8

hnthIm\µ\pw k¿haX kXyhmZhpw

XΩnse¥v?

]n.hn.F {]nwtdmkv ""\mw kXy\njvTcmbncn°Ww. \ΩpsS ]Øn¬ HºXv `mKw D-u¿Phpw sNehgn°s∏Sp∂Xv \ma√mØXv \mamsW∂v P\ßsf hnizkn∏n°m≥ th≠nbmWv. \mw BtI≠Xn\v th≠n- B Du¿Pw sNe hgn°s∏´m¬ AXmWv t\cmb hgn°p≈ sN-ehnS¬.'' (kzman hnthIm\µ≥)(1)

""Bscbpw shdp°cpXv; Xn∑sb FXn¿°cpXv F∂v ]dbm≥ h-fsc Ffp∏amWv. F∂m¬ B D]tZiw km[mcWbmbn {]tbm-KØn¬ Fßs\bncn°psa∂v \ap°dnbmw. P\-k-ap-Zm-bØn-s‚ Zr„n \ΩpsS ta¬ ]Xn™ncn°ptºmƒ, \mw ]pdsa Xn-Xn£ \Sn®psh∂v hcmw. F∂m¬ B kaba{Xbpw \ΩpsS lr-Zbw \odpIbmbncn°pw. CXv Im]SyamWv, {]tbm-P-\-an-√mØ-XmWv.'' (kzman hnthIm\µ≥)(2)

2013 tabv

9

kzmanhnthIm\µs‚ 150mw P∑hm¿-jn-ItØmSp\p_‘n®v Hcp h¿jw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ hnhn[ßfmb ]cn]m-SnI-ƒ `mcXsam´p°pw \S∂psIm-≠n-cn-°pI-bmWv. P∑hm¿jnIØnse A°ßfp-sS khntijXtb°mtfsd hnthIm\-µs‚ P∑hm¿jnIsØ cmPyØv Pzen∏n-®v \n¿Øp∂ {][m\ LSIw B-k∂-amb ]m¿esa‚ v Xncs™Sp∏mWv. AS-pØnsS \S∂ Nne `cW\-S]-Sn-I-fn-eqsS XßfpsS atXXc {]XnOmbt°‰ I-f¶ - w ambv®p Ifbm≥ `cWI£nbpw, Ip-d®pImeambn ]®°v {]ISamhp∂ Xß-fpsS P∑sshIrXamb Xo{hln-µp-XzsØ ad®p ]nSn°m≥ {]Xn]£ I£nbp-w kzmanbpsS P∑hm¿jnIsØ Iq´p]n-Sn°p∂Xp sIm≠v Xs∂ CtXm-S\-p_-‘n®p≈ _lphn[]cn]mSnIfmkº∂amWv `mcXØns‚ aX˛cmjv{Sob-˛kmaqln-I˛kmwkvImcnI ]cnkcw. k¿haX kXymhmZØns‚ k¿hIme h-‡mhmbn Hcp Iq´¿ kzmansb ]pIgvØ - p-tºmƒ adp]£Øv atXXchmZnbpw arZplnµpXzhmZnbpambmWv Db¿Øn-°m´p-∂Xv. h¿Kob˛atXXc ap∂WnIƒ°v ]pdsa h¿Kob hncp≤ FgpØpImcpw CSXp]-£ klbm{XnIcpw hsc hnthIm-\µ-s\ k¿h aX kvt\lnbmbn´mWv hnebn-cpØmdv. "F√m aXßfpw Xpey ]cnKW-\-b¿ln°p∂Xpw' "]ckv]c kaXzam-Wv aX߃°nSbn¬ th≠sX∂pw' hn-iz-kn®bmfmbncp∂p kzman hnthIm-\-µ≥ F∂mWv Ncn{XcN\bn¬ ]et∏m-gpw heXp]£sØ hna¿in°p-Ibp-w am¿IvknÃv Nn¥mKXn {]Ncn∏n°pI-bpw sNøp∂ Ncn{XImc\pw ap≥ sP.F-≥.-bp Ncn{Xhn`mKw A[ym]I\pamb sI.F≥ ]Wn°¿ Zn lnµp Zn\]-{X-Øn¬ CubnsS FgpXnbXv. "kwLv]cn-hmdn-s‚ {]Xybimkv{Xw aXkv]¿Zbn\nesIm≠XmsW¶n¬, hnthIm-\µ - t- ‚Xv sFIyØn\pw kaXzØn-\pw th-≠nbp-≈XmsW∂pw'(3) At±-lw hy-‡am°p-∂p. bYm¿YØn¬, hnthIm\µ Pohn-XsØ ka{KamsbSpØp t\m°nbm¬, At±-lØns‚ cN\IsfSpØv ]T\w \-SØn-bm¬ k¿haXkXyhmZsØtbm arZp-lnµpXzhmZsØtbm PohnX-Øn-semcn-°epw At±lw BZ¿iambn sIm≠p\-S∂ - ncp∂n√ F∂v hy‡amWv. D≈n¬

D≈n¬ auenIhmZsØ ]qPn-°pIbpw ]pdta°v atXX-cXzsØ ]p¬IpIbpw sN-øp-∂h¿ kµ¿`hpw kml-Ncyhpw ]cnKWn°msX hnthIm\µs‚ hN-\-ßsf AS¿Øn-sbSp-Øm-Wv ]et∏mgpw, k¿haX-kXyhm- Z Øns‚ h‡mhmbn At±lsØ AhX-cn∏n-°mdv. ChnsS {]tXyIw {i≤nt°-≠ hkvXpX Xm≥ Hcp k-¿haXkXyhmZnbmbn Adn-bs∏SWsa∂v At±lw F-t∏msg¶nepw A`ne-jn®n-cpt∂m F∂XmWv.

2013 tabv

10

auenIhmZsØ ]qPn°pIbpw ]pdta°v a-tXXc-XzsØ ]p¬IpIbpw sNøp∂h¿ kµ¿`hpw kmlNcyhpw ]cnKWn°msX At±lØns‚ hN\ßsf AS¿ØnsbSpØmWv ]et∏mgpw, k¿-haXkXyhmZØns‚ h‡mhmbn At±lsØ AhXcn∏n°mdv. ChnsS {]tXyIw {i≤nt°≠ hkvXpX Xm≥ Hcp k¿haXkXyhmZnbmbn Adn-bs∏SWsa∂v At±lw Ft∏msg¶nepw A`nejn-®ncpt∂m F∂XmWv. t{ImUoIcn°s∏´ cN\-Ifpw {]`mjWßfpw ]cntim[n®m¬ Xo¿®bm-bpw ]dbm≥ Ignbpw AØcsamcp Btcm]n-X hnip≤nbnbn¬ A`ncan°m≥ B{K-ln-®ncp-∂ Bfmbncp∂n√ hnthIm\µ≥ F∂v am{Xa-√ adn®v, AsXmcp Im]SyamsW∂v t]mepw hn-iz-kn®ncp∂psh∂mWv At±lØns‚ cN-\I-ƒ \¬Ip∂ km£yw. k¿haX kXyhmZw F∂Xv Hcp ip≤-I-fhm-Wv. ]q¿W I]S\√mØ Hcmƒ°pw k¿h-aX-kXyhmZsØ ]n¥pW°m\mhn√. H∂pw H∂pw Iq´nbm¬ H∂msW∂pw c≠msW∂pw A©m-sW∂pw hnizkn°m\pw hmZn°m\pw Hcmƒ-°v AhImiap≠v. F∂m¬, H∂pw c≠pw A©pw AXns‚ icnbpØcßsf∂v ]dbp∂h¿ H-∂pIn¬ X\n I]S∑mtcm As√¶n¬ \ne]mSp-clnXtcm Bbncn°pw. CXv Xs∂bmWv aXZ¿-i\ßsf Ipdn®p≈ ]T\ØneqsS hnthIm\-µ\pw FØnt®¿∂n´p≈Xv. Ahn`‡ C¥ysb G‰hpw IqSpX¬ kzm[o-\n® Zm¿i\nIcn¬ {]apJ\pw {]mtbmKnI Po-hnXamXrIsf IrXyambn \n¿hNn®hcn¬ {][m-\nbpamWv kzman hnthIm\µ≥. arX-{]m-bam-b sslµhZ¿i\ßsf Xs‚ DPzeamb {]`m-jW]mShw sIm≠v ]p\cp÷ohn∏n°pIbpw Hcp thf ctWm’pI lnµpXzØn\v awKf]{Xw

\¬IpIbpw sNbvX kzman hnthIm-\µ-s\, AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ k¿h-aX-kXy-hmZØns‚ h‡mhmbn "XcwXm-gØ -v p∂-X'v A]Iam\IcamWv. a‰paX߃ Xß-fpsS Z¿i\ßfmWv icnsb∂pw, ASnÿm\mibßfn¬ _m°-n-bp-≈-hsb-√mw s]m≈bmsW∂pw ka¿-Yn-°p∂-Xv aX{]t_m[\Øns‚ `mKam-sW¶n-¬ kzmanhnthImµ\pw AXn\v A[nIm-cap≠v. AXt±lw ka¿Yambn \n¿h-ln®n´pap≠v. k¿haXk-Xyhm-ZØns‚- "{]iwkm Xp∏p\ocn¬' apßnt∏mb A-t±lØns‚ Z¿i\ßsf apßnsbSpØv P\ka£w ka¿∏n°m≥ {ian°pI-bmWv Cu teJ\ØneqsS. hnthIm\µs‚ "amXmhpw' "ktlmZco-˛ktlmZc∑mcpw' `uXnIXbpsSbpw ]utcmln-Xy-Øns‚-bpw A´nt∏dpIƒ°Snbn¬ s]´v Du¿≤-izmkw hen®ncp∂ 19mw \q‰m≠ns‚ ]cZiIßfnse lnµp \thm∞m\-Øn\v arXkRvPohn\nbmbn h¿Øn®Xv hnth-Imµ\mbncp∂p. Htckabw ss{IkvX-h anjWdnam¿ lnµpXzØn\v t\sc \SØns°m≠ncn°p∂ hna¿i\ßsf ^e{]Zambn {]Xntcm[n°pIbpw A-tXms-- Sm∏w Xs∂ kz¥w aXØnse {]mtbmKn-I {]iv\ßsf c‡w s]mSnbmsX ikv{X{InbsNbvXp t\scbm-°p-Ib - p-ambn-cp∂p At±lØn\v apºnep≈ `mcn® DØchmZnØw.

1895 s^{_phcn 15\v \yqtbm¿°nse sl-bv ZºXnam¿°b® IhnXm--cq-]Ø - ne-p≈ IØn¬ AssZzX thZm¥Øn¬

kzmanhnthIm\µs\ k-¿h- a XkXyhmZØns‚ h‡m-hmbn "Xcw-Xm-gv-Øp-∂Xv ' A]Iam\IcamWv. a-‰pa-X߃ XßfpsS Z¿i\-ßfmWv icnsb∂pw, ASnÿm-\mibßfn¬ _m°nbp-≈hsb√mw s]m-≈bmsW-∂pw ka¿Yn°p∂Xv aX-{]t_m[\Øns‚ `m-K-a-msW-¶n¬ kzmanhnthIm-µ\p-w AXn\v A[nImcap≠v.

AXt±lw ka¿Yambn \n¿h-ln®n´pap≠v.

2013 tabv

11

DZmØm-h-ÿ {]m]n®h\msW∂v Xms\∂v At±-lw Xp-d-∂v ]dbp∂p≠v. Cu e£y]q¿-ØoI-c-W-Øn-\m-Wv {io cmaIrjvW ]calwksc Xs‚ Kp-cphm-bn kzoIcn°p∂Xpw {InkvXphpw t]m-fpw t]m-se "{]Imiw ]cØp∂ CSnap-g-°°m-c\mbn' kzbw Adnbs∏´Xpw. AssZzX thZm¥Øn¬ DƒtN¿∂ Z¿i\hpambmWv At±lw lnµpXz-sØ kao]n®Xv. lnµpaXw k¿-h-a-Xß-fn¬ \n-∂v `n∂hpw G‰hpw DZmØ-hp-amsW∂m-bncp∂p At±lw hnizkn®ncp∂Xv. 1853 sk]v-Xw_¿ 11\v Nn°mtKmbnse temI aX-]m-¿-esa-‚ n¬ sh®v "Atacn°bnse ktlm-Z-co-˛ktlm-Zc∑mtcmSv' \SØnb Ncn{X{]kn≤amb {]kw-KØn¬t]mepw "lnµpaXw k¿h-aX - ß - f - p-sSb-pw amXmhv' F∂ hntijWtØmSv IqSnbmWv A-tZlw {]`mjWamcw`n°p∂Xv. Xs∂. ""lnµp aXamWv temIsØ klnjvWpXbpw km¿heuInIamb kzoImckz`mhhpw ]Tn∏n®, Ct∏mgpw ]Tn∏n®p sIm≠ncn°p∂ aXw F∂ h-kX v pXbnte°mWv {]mamWnIXsb sNm√n-bp≈ Cu AhImihmZw sI´nbncn°p∂Xv. lnµpaXw klnkjvWpXbn¬ hnizkn°pI am{Xa√ F-√m aXßfnsebpw kXysØ AwKoIcn-°pIbpw sNøp∂p. hmfpsImt≠m XqenIsImt≠m A-Xv Hcn°epw Bscbpw th´bmSnbn´n√. hmkvX-hØn¬ AXv th´bmSs∏´ hn`mK߃°v A`bw \¬IpIbmWv sNbvXn´p≈Xv. AXns‚ k-tµiw hn`mKobXbv°pw aX{`m¥n\pw aX-auenIhmZØn\pw ]‰nb adpacp∂mWv.''(4) "a‰paX߃k¿haXßfpsSbpw amXmhmb lnµpaXhpambn XmcXayw sNbvXm¬ inip°ƒ am{Xw. Ahsc√mw Hcp A¥amb skan\mdn]¶mfnIfmWv. AXn¬ lnµpaXamWv BNmcy≥ (Syq´¿); as‰√m aXßfpw injycpw (Syq´okv).'

F-∂mWv At±lw {]kvXpX {]kwKØneqsS k-a¿Yn°m≥ {ian®Xv. 1893 sk]vXw_¿ 19\v \SØnb aX]m-¿-esa-‚ v {]kwKØnepw CtX Bibw Xs∂bmWv ImWm≥ IgnbpI. "ag Xcm\pw A∂∂sØ A∏w In´m\pw {]m¿Yn°p∂Xn¬ `uXnIhmZw Nph-bv°p∂p' F∂v ]d™ hnthIm\µ≥ a‰paX-ßfpsS ap∂n¬ Xs‚ aXw PmPzeamsW∂p am-{Xa√ a‰p≈hsb√mw `uXnI{]aØX _m[n®-XmsW∂pw ka¿Yn°m≥ {ian®p. ""lnµpaXw HgnsI as‰√m aXßfpw A-hbp-sS ÿm]IcpsStbm {]hmNIcpsStbm N-cn{X-]camb D◊sb B{ibn®ncn°p∂p. CXv A\n-hmcyambpw kwL´\Ønte°v \-bn-°p-∂p''(5) ""{]hmNI]mcºcysØ \ntj[n® hn-th-Im\-µ≥ {]hmNI∑mcpsS e£ysØ Xs∂ Ifnbm-°p∂p. ""F√m {]hmNI∑mcpw ]pdØv \n∂v,

cn-°p-∂Xv Xs∂bmWv \√sX¶nepw AXy-¥nI-ambn Xncn®Sn®ns√¶n¬ AXmWv ]m]Øn\v Im-cWamIpI F∂v cmjvSkpc£bpsS B-\pIq-eyØn¬, a\pkvarXnbpsS AIºSntbmsS hy‡-am°p∂p≠v At±lw

AXmbXv `uXnItemIØv \n∂v, {]Xn^-ew Imw£n°m≥ _mlyamb Dt±-iyßfm-¬ t{]cnXcmbncp∂p. AhcpsS `mj AXnKw`ocambncp∂ncn°mw; ]t£, A-hcpsS Dt±iy߃ AXy[nIw kw-ib-Icambncp∂p.''(6) Hcp thf Cu kwibIcamb DtZiy-ßsf {]Xntcm[nt°≠ Xe-Øn-te°v At±lØns‚ Z¿i\߃ hg-n-am-dp∂p-≠v. "\n߃°v sX‰p]‰nsb∂v F\n°v tXm-∂nbn´pw Rm≥ \nßsf Pohn°m-\\p-hZn°p∂p F∂p≈XmWv klnj-WpX'(7)sb∂v hymJym\n®, "a‰p aXØns‚ Cuizcs\ tami°mc\m°p∂Xv kz¥w Cuizcs\ tami°mc\m°p∂Xn\v Xpey-amWv' F∂v ]d™, "ap≥Ime aXß-fn-se Cuizcs\ Rm≥ ]qPn°p∂p A-h¿ Fßns\ ]qPn°p∂pthm, B cq]-Øn¬'(8) F∂v hnizkn® hnthIm-\µ-s‚ hnimea\kvIX ]Xps° kl\-Øns‚ AXncpIƒ \n›bn°p-∂XmWv ]n∂oSv ImWp∂Xv. ""]t£, BfpIƒ h∂v "CXpam{Xam-Wv hgn' F∂v ]d™v C¥ybn¬ \ap-°p-ta¬ AXv ASnt®¬]n°m≥ {ian°p-tºmƒ \ap°v Hcp hm°v ]dbm\p≠v-. \mw Ahsc t\m°n Nncn°p∂p.

Cu-izc\nte°v Hcp hyXykvX am¿KØn-eqsS k©cn°p∂Xmbn ImWp∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ XßfpsS k-tlm-Zc-∑msc \in∏n°Wsa∂v B-{K-ln-°p∂-h¿˛AØc°m¿ t{]asØ∏‰n kwkm-cn°p∂Xv Akw_‘amWv.''(9) CØcw kabßfn¬ Xn∑ sNømXn-

""lnµp {KŸßƒ ]dbp∂p: ""\n- w-i-b-ambp-w tam£w [¿asØ°mƒ DXvIrjvSw Xs∂; ]-t£, BZyw [¿aw \ndth‰Ww. AhnS-Øs - ∂bm-Wv _p≤m\pbmbnIƒ Bib°pg∏-ØnembX-pw ]e hnIrXnIfpw ImWn®Xpw. \ncp]{ZhXzw i-cnbmWv "Xn∑ sNømbvI' Hcp alØmb Imcyw Xs∂. Chsb√mw henb XØzßfmWv. ]t£, imkv{X߃ ]dbp∂p: ""\o Hcp Krlÿ\mWv, \n-s∂ Bsc¶nepw IhnfØSn®m¬ \o IÆn\p I-Æv, ]√n\p ]√v F∂ \ymtb\ Xncn®p \-¬In-bns√¶n¬ \o ]m]nbmIpw F∂pd∏v.'' a\p ]d-bp∂p: ""Hcph≥ \ns∂s°m√m≥ h∂mAhs\, Ah≥ {_m“W\msW¶n¬ t]mepw sIm-√p∂Xv ]m]a√.''(a\p 8:350) CXv hfsc icnbmWv CXmWv ad°cpXmØ Imcyhpw.''(10)

arX{]mbamb sslµ-hZ-¿i - \-ßsf Xs‚ DPzeamb {]`mj-W]mShw sIm≠v ]p-\cp-÷ohn∏n°pIbpw Hcp thf ctWm’pI lnµpXzØn-\v awKf]{Xw \¬IpIb-pw sNbvX kzman hnthIm\-µs\, k¿haXk-Xyhm-ZØn-s‚ h‡mhmbn AhXcn-∏n°p∂Xnse cm{„obw Xncn®dntb≠Xp≠v.

2013 tabv

12

C°mcyw Du´nbpd∏n°pIbpw Cc´n-°n-c´-nbm-bn {]XnImcw sNøWsa∂pw At±lw A\pim-kn°p∂p. ""Hcph\v HcSn In´nbm¬ Ah\Xv C-c´n t{Im[tØmsS ]sØÆambn Xncn®p-sImSp-°Ww. F¶nse Ahs\mcp ]pcpj\mIq... `ocp klXm]m¿{Z\mb Hcp hkvXphmWv.''(11) Cusbmcp Imcykm[yØn\v imcocnI Zu-¿_-eyw adnIS°m≥ th≠nbmWv "KoXm-]T-\Ø - neq-sS F∂Xnt\°mƒ IqSpX¬ Hcp ^pSvt_mƒ a’cØneqsS ssZhØnte°Sp°pw'(12) F∂pw "\n-ßfpsS Im¬hÆbnse t]inIƒ°v Ipd®v Iq-Sn i‡nbps≠¶n¬ \n߃°v KoX Iptd°q-Sn \∂mbn a\ nemIpsa∂pw'(13) "hrµmh\Øn-¬ thWphqXn tKm]nIamcpsamØv cmkeoe-If - n¬ G¿s∏´ IrjvWk¶¬]sØ XakvI - cn-®v alm`mcXØn¬ knwl\mZapb¿Øn KoXmK-¿P\w \SØnb IrjvWs\ ]n¥pS-cW-sa-∂psa-√mw'(14) I¬]n®Xv. adn®p≈ t{]a˛`‡n {]N-cW-Øns‚ ^ew cmPyØv Ahtijn∏n®Xv F-¥msW∂v hnthIm\µ≥ hy‡am°p∂p≠v. ""Cu cmjv{SsØ t\m°q, AØcsamcp {i-aØn-s‚ ^esa¥msW∂v ImWq. AØcsamcp t{]-aw {]Ncn∏n®Xp ImcWw Cu cmjv{Ssam∂ms - I kvss{XWambncn°p∂p˛kv{XoIfpsS Hcp h¿-Kw! Hdok apgph≥ `ocp°fpsS \mSmbn. Ign™ \m\qdv h¿jambn cm[mt{]aØn\p ]ndsI ]m-™p \S∂v _wKmfn\v ]ucpjt_m[w ]-q-¿W-ambn \jvSs∏´pIgn™p. P\߃ Icbm\pw \nehnfn°m\pw am{Xw sIm≈p∂hcmbn; A-Xh-cpsS tZiobkz`mhambn amdn. AhcpsS kmlnXy-w t\m°q. AXmWt√m Hcp cmjv{SØns‚

Nn¥IfpsSbpw BiIfpsSbpw Dd∏p≈ Hc-Sbmfw. Ign™ \m\qdp h¿jambn _wKmfnkmlnXyhpw Ic®nepw ]ngn-®ne-pw tXßepw Xs∂bmWv. AXv GsX¶n-epw XcØnep≈ Hcp IhnXbv°v bYm-¿Y - Øn¬ hockz`mhw izkn°p∂ Ihn-Xbv°v, P∑w \¬Ip∂Xn¬ ]cmPbs∏-´ncn°p∂p''(15) AØcw hnem]Imhyßfn¬ \n∂v am-dn hockz`mhØnte°v BfpIƒ FØn-btXmsS aXØns‚bpw tZiob-Xb - psS-bpw Imºnte°Sp°m≥ i{Xp°ƒ°v IgnbmsXbmbn F∂v A`nam\w sIm-≈p∂p-ap≠v kzmanPn. ""hmfpw A·nbpambn h∂ _¿-∫-c∑m-¿, _¿∫c aX߃ sIm≠ph∂ _¿∫-c∑m¿, Ahcnsemcmƒ°pw Imºv sXmSm-\mbn√ "apSnaIpScXv\w' sXmSm\m-bn√, h¿KØns‚ Bflmhv IpSn]m¿Ø "]-£n'sb sIm√m\mbn√. AXpsIm≠v C-XmWv B h¿KØns‚ hocyw, AXv \-ne-\n¬°p∂nStØmfw Imew Cu h¿-KsØ sIm√m≥ kqcy\p Xmsg Hcp i-‡nbpan√.''(16) Npcp°Øn¬, F√m aXßfpw ic-nsb-t∂m Bscbpw hna¿in-t°-≠X - n-s√t∂m hna¿i\ap‡ kmlNcyØneqsS am{Xta kmtlmZcyØne[njvTnXamb cm-jv{Sk¶¬]w Icp∏nSn∏n°m≥ km[n°q Ft∂m hnthImµ≥ hmZn®n´n√, adn®v Xs‚ \ne]mSpXdIfn¬ Dd®v \n∂v CXc Z¿i\ßsf t\m°n-°m- W - p-∂Xn-eqsS am{Xta auenIamb BZ-¿iØnte-°v aSßm≥ Ignbq F∂Xmbncp∂p A-t±lØns‚ aXw. Cusbmcp \bw Xs∂-bmWv At±lw a‰p aXßsf hna¿in-°p∂ ImcyØnepw kzoIcn®ncp∂Xv.

hrµmh\Øn¬ thWphqXn tKm]nIamcpsamØv cmk-eoe-Ifn¬ G¿s∏´ Irjv-Wk-¶¬]sØ XakvIcn®v a-lm`mcXØn¬ knwl\m-Zap-b¿Øn KoXmK¿P\w \SØn-b IrjvWs\ ]n¥p-Sc W-sa∂mWv hnthIm-\µ-s‚ A-[ym]\w. adn®p≈ t{]a˛`‡n {]NcWw aqew cmjv-{Ssam∂msI kvss{X-Wam-bncn°p∂p F∂t±lw Bt£]n°p∂p.

Hcp Iøn¬ hmfpw adpIøn¬ "sImdm\p-'ambn Ckvemw Ckvemsa∂m¬ kmtlm-ZcyØn-s‚ b-pw klh¿ØnXzØns‚bpw ]q¿-ØoI-cWamsW∂pw aplΩZv \_n k-aXz-Øns‚ ktµihm-lIs\∂pamWv F∂Xn¬ XpSßn AXn¬ Xs∂ A-h-km\n-°p∂XmWv hnthImµs‚ ImgvN∏mSv F-∂XmWv `qcn]£w Nn¥IcpsSbpw apkvenw _p≤nPohnIfpsSbpw hniz-mk - w- . hnthIm\µs‚ ]e IrXnIfnepw CtXm C-Xnt\mSv kam\amb hmNI߃ sImt≠m Ckvemapw A¥y{]hmNI\pw {]iw-kn°s∏´n´p≠v. F∂m¬ C¥y-bn-te2013 tabv

13

°v IpSntbdn h∂ Hcp sshtZinI aXsa∂ \ne--bv°v Ckvemant\mSv F{Xam{Xw klnjvWpX ]pe¿tØ≠Xp≠v F∂v hnthIm\µ≥ Ir-Xyambn \n¿hNn®psh®ncp∂p F∂v thWw a\ nem-°m≥ aplΩZv \_nsb hmt\mfw ]pIgvØn sIm≠p-≈ At±lØns‚ \nch[n D≤cWnIƒ ImWmw. F∂m¬ ]q¿h˛]c `mK߃ hmbn®mCXnse Hfnbºv t_m[ys∏SpIbpw sNøpw. XnI-®pw `uXnIamb ImgvN∏mSneqsS am{XamWv A-t±lw aplΩZv \_nsb alXzh-¬-I-cn-®ncp-∂sX∂v AØcw D≤cWnIƒ hmbn®m¬ a\ n-em°m≥ km[n°pw. ""K{_nb¬ amemJ Hcp Znhkw Kplbnsh-®v Xs‚ ASptØ°v hcnIbpw lc°v F∂ Hcp kz¿KobmizØnt∑¬ CcpØn Xs∂ kz-¿K-Ønte°v sIm≠pt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp; Aß-s\ Xm≥ kz¿Kw kµ¿in®p, F∂v aplΩZv A-hI - mis∏´p ]£, Aß\sbm-s°bms-W¶ - nepw aplΩZv Nne H∂m¥cw kXy߃ A‘hn-izmkßfpambn Iq´n°pg®v AhXcn∏n-®n-cn°p-∂Xmbn \n߃°v a\ nem°mw. A-sX-ßs\ hniZoIcn°pw? B a\pjy≥ Xo¿®bm-bpw {]-tNmZnX\mbncp∂p. ]£, B {]tNmZ\-Øn\p-ta¬ Abmƒ AdnbmsX X´nXS™XmWv. Abm-ƒ ]cnioe\w e`n® tbmKnbmbncp∂n√. Xm≥ sNøp∂ {]h¿ØnbpsS ImcW߃ Abmƒ a\- nem°nbncp∂pan√. aplΩZv temIØn\v sNbvX \∑sb Ipdn®v BtemNn®p t\m°q. Abm-fpsS aXauenIhmZw sIm≠v Abmƒ sNbvXp sh® henb Xn∑sb Ipdn®pw BtemNn®p t\-m°q!''(17) 1900 am¿®v 25\v km≥{^m≥knkvtImbn¬ sh®v aplΩZv \_nbpsS hnhmlsØ Ipdn®v hn-thIm\µ≥ \SØnb {]kwKØn¬ ]-dbp∂p:

""bphmhmbncns° aplΩZv aXsØ]-‰n {i≤mephmbncp∂psh∂v (tXm∂p∂n-√). \√ Hcp bphmhv, kp`K-≥. kº∂-bmb Hcp hn[hbp≠mbncp∂p. Cu bp-hm-hnt\mSv Ahƒ°v t{]aambn. Ah-¿ hnhmlnXcmbn. aplΩZv temIØns‚ hensbmcp `mKØns‚ N{Ih¿-Ønbm-bt∏mƒ tdma, t]¿jy km{amPy߃ A-bmfpsS Im¬Iognembn. Abmƒ°v \n-ch[n `mcyamcp≠mbn. Hcp Znhkw A-bmƒ°v GXv `mcysbbmWv IqSpXC-jSv w F∂ tNmZyapb¿∂t∏mƒ Abmƒ Xs‚ BZy`mcysb Nq≠n°mWn®p.

Im-cWw AhfmWv BZyw (F∂n¬) hniz-kn®Xv.''(18) CXp ]d™Xn\p tijw At±lw FØnt®cp∂ \nKa\w Cßns\bmWv: ""a-lm∑m¿°v Ccp\qdv `mcyamcmImw. Ah-cpsS kz`mh khntijXIƒ \nKqU-amWv. AhcpsS ta¬ \mw hn[n I-¬]n-®p IqSm.''(19) \_n s]mSnbn¬ InS∂p Dcp≠psh-∂pw ITn\thZ\ sIm≠v ]pf™psh- ∂ p- s ams°bp≈ ]cma¿i߃ s]mXpsh A]kvamctcmKn-Iƒ°p-≠mIp-∂ AhÿIfmWv F∂v(20) bp‡n-hmZo hna¿iI¿ ]dbp∂Xv t]mse ]dbm≥ hsc Hcpthf At±lw [rjvS\mbn. aplΩZv \_nsb hmt\mfw ]pIgvØ - pIbpw At±lØns‚ `uXnIKp-Wß-sf {]iwkn°pIbpw AtXkabw At±lØn\v e`n® ssZhnIt_m[-\sØ ka¿Yambn \ntj[n°pIbpamWv hn-thIm\µ≥ sNøp∂Xv. CXc aXZ¿i-\ßsfbpw AXns‚ {]NmcIscbpw \n¿tem`amb A]Zm\߃ sIm≠v aqSpI-bpw AtXmsSm∏w Ah¿ {]t_m[\w sN-bvX BZ¿isØ hnebnSn®p ImWn°m-≥ hcnIƒ°pw hmNIß-ƒ°p-an-Sb - neq-sS kabw Is≠ØpIbpw sNøp-∂Xm-Wv At±lØns‚ ssien. aplΩZv \_nsb ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xn¬ Cu C-c´Øm∏v \mw Z¿in®p. At±lØn-eqsS ]q¿ØoIcn® ]cnip≤ Ckvemans\ ]-‰n ]dbptºmgp≈ At±lØns‚ coXn IqSn t\m°pI. ""ssZhw ssZhamIp∂p. AXn¬ XØz-tam k¶o¿Wtam ss\XnI-kwln-Xtbm H∂pan√. RßfpsS ssZhw GIam-Wv, c≠masXm∂n√, aplΩZv {]hmNI-≥' aplΩZv a---- °m sXcphpIfn¬ {]-Nm--

F√m aXßfpw icnsb-t∂m Bscbpw hna¿int°-≠Xns√-t∂m hna¿i\ap‡ kml-NcyØneqsS am{Xta kmtlm-ZcyØne-[n-jvTn-X-am-b cmjv{Sk¶¬]w Icp∏nSn∏n-°m≥ km[n°q Ft∂m hnthImµ≥ hmZn®n´n√, a-dn®v Xs‚ \ne]mSpXdIfnD-d®v \n∂v CXc Z¿- i - \-ßsf t\m°n°mWp∂Xn-eqsS am{Xta auenIamb BZ-¿iØnte°v aSßm≥ Ignbq F∂Xmbncp∂p A-t±l-Øns‚ aXw.

2013 tabv

14

cWw XpSßn. Ah¿ At±lsØ th´bmSn. At±-lw (aZo\) \KcØnte°v ]emb\w sNbvXp. A-t±lw t]mcmSn XpSßn. Aßs\ B h¿Kw ap-gp-h≥ GIoIrXambn. {]`phns‚ \maØn(ap-lΩZ\nkw) temIØnemsI ]S¿∂p. AXns‚ -IogS°¬ i‡n A]mcamWv''(21) A\pIqent®m {]XnIqent®m F∂v hy-‡am-ImØ CØcw ]cma¿ißfneqsS am{Xa√, i‡amb `mjbn¬ Xs∂ Ckvemans\bpw apkv-enwIsfbpw At±lw hna¿in°p∂p≠v. ""C\n aplΩZob¿ C°mcyØn¬ G‰hpw Akw-kvIrXNnØcpw G‰ha[nIw hn`mKob {]hW-Xbp≈hcpamWv. AhcpsS ap{ZmhmIyw, "Hscm-‰ ssZhta D≈p aplΩZmWv Ahs‚ {]-hmN-I≥' F∂mWv. AXn\∏pdw F√mw NoØ-bmsW-∂p am{Xa√, DSs\ \in∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amWv. Hcp \nanjØns‚ ap∂dnbn∏n¬ Cu Bcm-[\m{Iaw A\pkcn°mØ kIe kv{Xo-Isf-bpw ]pcpj∑mscbpw D∑qe\w sNøWw; as‰s¥-¶nepw ]Tn∏n°p∂ GXp {KŸhpw Np´p-Icn-°Ww. im¥kap{Zw apX¬ A‰vem‚nIv k-ap{Z-w hscbp≈ CSßfn¬ temIamsI A™qtdm-fw h¿j߃ tNmcsbmgpIn. AXmWv aplΩ-Z\nkw.''(22) Ckvemans‚ D∑qe\ kn≤m¥Øn\v XmØzn-I ASnØd \¬Ip∂ Izp¿B\mWv F∂mWv hnthIm\µ≥ ]dbp∂Xv. CXn\v sXfnhmbn A-t±lw D≤cn°p∂XmIs´ bmsXmcp XØz-Zo£-bpw KpWImw£bpan√mØ Xo{h Ckvemw hn-a¿iIcpsS ap≥hn[nIfpw! ""sImdm\n¬ hy‡ambn FgpXs∏´ncn°p∂p, A-hnizmknIsf, Ah¿ aplΩZobcmsW¶nt]m-epw, sIm√pI.' Ahsc A·n°pw hmfn\pw Cc-bm°Ww. Hcp aplΩZt\mSv CXv sX‰mWv F∂v \mw ]d™m¬ Ah≥ kzm`mhnIambpw tNm-Zn°pw: "\n߃°Xv Fßs\ Adnbmw? F-s‚ {KŸw ]dbp∂Xv AXv \√XmWv F-∂m-W-v.''(23)

Ckvemw hna¿iI¿ CXn\v sXfnhmbp-≤cn°mdp≈ kqd: A≥^mense Ipd-™ hN\߃ hmbn®m¬ t]mepw a\- nem°mhp∂ CXns‚ Bibhpw {]mtbmKnIXbpw sX√p w Ku\n°msX Ckve - mw hncp≤ cN\Isf am{Xw B[m-ca- m°nbmWv CØcsamcp ]cma¿iw hn-thIm\µ≥ \SØnbsX∂v a\ n-em-hp-w.

Ckvemw Gsd "kzbw _≤am-sW∂-p-w'(24) AXns‚ ]Stbm´w "Hcp Iønhm-fpw adpIøn¬ sImdm\pw ]nSn®m-sW∂p-w'(25) hnthIm\µ≥ hnizkn°pIbpw Xp-d∂p]dbpIbpw sNbvXp. ""Atd_ybnse {]hmNI≥ ÿm-]n® aXtØmfw Cu ssZzXØn¬ ]nSn-®pXq-ßn\n∂ as‰mcp aXhpw D≠mbn´n√.

C-{Xb[nIw tNmc Nn¥pIbpw a\pjyt\m-Sv C{Xb[nIw {IqcX Im´pIbpw sNbv-X as‰mcp aXhpw D≠mbn´n√. Cu D]-t-Zi߃ hnizkn°mØhs\ sIm-√Wsa∂v sImdm≥ DZvt_m[n∏n°p∂p; Ahs\ sIm√p∂Xv Hcp Imcp-Wy-{]-h¿ØnbmsW∂v! kpµcnamcmb lqdnamcpw a‰v sF{µnbmkzmZ\ßfpw D≈ kz¿-KØn-¬ FØm\p≈ Ffp∏hgn Cu Ahnizm-knIsf sIm√emWv. CØcw hnizmk-ßfpsS ^eambn D≠mb c‡s®m-cn®nens\ Ipdn®v BtemNn®p t\m-°q!.''(26) aXßtfmSp≈ "aplΩZob'cpsS Cu c‡]¶ne {]Xntcm[Øn¬ tI{µ-ÿm\-Øv \n¿ØnbXv lnµpaXambncp∂p F-∂mWv At±lw hnebncpØp∂Xv. AXn-\v {][m\ ImcWw Ah¿ Im^nd-p-Ifpw hn{Klmcm[Icpambncp∂p F∂pw C-u {]Xntema Nn¥I≥ `mcXØns‚ ]p-tcmKXnsb XS™p \n¿Øn F∂pw A-t±lw hnizkn®p. ""lnµp°ƒ Ah¿°v shdp-°-s∏-tS≠ Im^ndpIfpw hn{Klmcm[-Icpam-bncp-∂p. Ah¿ Iim∏p sNøs∏SWw. Ah-cp-sS t{Im[w {]tXyIn®v ]ptcmlnX PmXn°mtcmSmbncp∂p. ImcWw A-hc - mWv Im^ndpIfpsS Bflob Kpcp°∑m¿.

H-cp apkvenw `cWm[nImcn AXn-`-‡\m-sW¶n¬, BXy¥nI^ew "Im^n-dpI-sf Iim∏p sNøp∂ Hcp alZvb - ⁄ 'am-bncn°pw. apkvenw `cWImeØv C¥y--bpsS ]ptcmKXn \ne®p. ]ptcmK-XnbpsS tNmZyta DZn®ncp∂n√. ImcWw, ln-µp°fpsS Du¿Pw apgph≥ Bflc£-bnte°v Xncn™ncp∂p.''(27)

Ckvemsa∂m¬ kmtlm-Z-cyØns‚bpw klh¿-Øn-XzØns‚bpw ]q¿ØoIc-Wam-sW∂pw aplΩZv \_n kaXz-Øns‚ ktµihm-lI-s\∂pamWv F∂Xn¬ XpS-ßn AXn¬ Xs∂ A-hkm-\n°p∂XmWv hnthImµ-s‚ ImgvN∏mSv F∂XmWv `qcn]£w Nn¥IcpsSbpw apkvenw _p≤nPo-hn-I-fp-sSbp-w hnizmkw.

2013 tabv

15

Cu XSbs∏´ ]ptcmKXnsb XncnsI sIm≠p-hcm\mWv hSt° C¥ybn¬ cq]w sIm≠ `-‡n{]ÿm\sa∂pw lnµp_lpP\ßsf Ckvem-ante°v aX]cnh¿Ø\w sNøp∂Xv XSbm\m-bn cq]w sIm≠ CØcw kwLS\Ifn¬ Xß-fpsS Du¿Pw sNehgn®Xp sIm≠mWv cmam\-µ≥, I_o¿, ZmZp, ssNX\y, \m\mIv XpSßnb-h¿°v lnµpaXØn\v ]pXnb BiIƒ°pw B-ib߃°pw P∑w \¬Im≥ Ignbm-Xn-cp-∂Xv(-26) F∂pamWv hnthIm\µs‚ Is≠ØNpcp°Øn¬, AssZzXthZm¥nbpw ]cn-jvI-¿Ømhpsa∂ \nebn¬ kzman hnthIm\µ\v Ckvemans‚ B¥cnI\∑sb Ipdn®v Gsd ]d-bm-\p≠mbncps∂¶nepw k¿h aXßfpsSbpw amXmhmbn Xm≥ hnizkn°p∂ lnµpaXØns‚ {]t_m[\ {]NmcW߃°v th≠n a‰p a-Xß-sf \ninXambn hna¿in°m≥ bmsXmcp ssha-\kyhpap≠mbncp∂n√; AXn¬ ]eXpw ip≤ A-kw_‘amsW¶n¬ t]mepw!

"Al'Øn¬ A≈n∏nSn® {InkvXpaXw "k¿h aXßfpsSbpw Kpcpÿm\n'bmb sslµh aXØns‚ ho£WtImWneqsS t\m-°nbm¬ Ckvemant\°mƒ Ipd®v IqSn t`Zs∏´ in-jy\mWv {InkvXpaXw F∂mbncp∂p hnthIm\-µs‚ ImgvN∏mSv. tbiphns\ Hcp ip≤mflmhpw ip≤amb {InkvX - p- aXsØ thZm¥Øns‚ ]I¿∏pambn(28) I≠ At±lw C¥ybnse {InkvXy≥ ]mXncnam¿ tb-iphns‚ Z¿i\Øn¬ sh≈w tN¿Øpsh∂v Xpd∂p]d™p. F∂m¬ AkwkvIrXamb Bi-b߃ XncpIn°b‰pI hgn Atd_ybnse {]-hmNIs‚ aXtØ°mƒ H´pw sa®-s∏-´X-√mXm-IpIbmWv(29) AXv sNbvXXv F∂mWv hnthIm-\µ≥ Is≠ØnbXv. `uXnItemIsØ PohnXhnPbØn\mbn ss{I-kX v h k`mta[mhnIƒ thZ{KŸßsf∂v

hn-izkn°p∂ XßfpsS {]amWßfn]-c-am-h-[n hn´phogvN sNbvXp F-∂-t-±l-w Btcm]n°p∂p. Alw F∂ Nn¥ ]-msS Dt]£n®p sIm≠v sF-ln-I-{]-]©-Øn\∏pdap≈ temIsØ Ipdn®p≈ kz-]\ v ßfmbncp∂p tbiphns‚ DZvt_m[-\߃ apgph≥. AXns‚ `mKambn Xß-fpsS temIØpw ssZh`cWw ]p-ecp-sa∂mbncp∂p tbiphns‚ hnizmkw.

F-∂m¬ hnizmknIƒ Cu Nn¥bn¬ \n∂-v _lpZqcw ]n∂m°w t]mbn. X¬ÿm-\Øv XßfpsS C—Iƒ°v AanX{]m-[m\yw \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp. ""AXv A]cnjvIrXambncp∂p. A\¬]amb AlØn\p th≠nbp≈ ]m®n¬. "Rm≥' F∂Xn¬ ISn®pXqßn InS°¬. Cu Po-hnXØn¬ am{Xa√, acWm\¥chpw Xp-Scp∂ A≈n∏nSpØw.''(30) F∂m-bn-cp∂p hnthIm\µ≥ CXns\ Ipdn®p ]d™-X.v {InkvXym\nkw ssZht{]m‡ krjvSn-bmsW∂pw kao]`mhnbn¬ temIØv ssZhØns‚ `cWw ]pecpsa∂pw ]-d™-Xn¬ hnizkn®mWv AXnte°v Bfp-Iƒ BI¿jn°s∏´Xv F∂Xm-bncp∂p hnthIm\µs‚ \nco£Ww. {Ko-knse-bpw tdmansebpw ASnaIfmbncp∂p B-ZyImeØv tbiphn¬ hnizkn-®n-cp∂Xv. AtXt]mse C¥ybn¬ Gsdbpw Xm-g∂ v PmXn°mcmWv {InkvXpaXØnhnizkn°m≥ k∂≤cmbXv. ""tbip-hns‚ A[ym]\߃ apgph≥ Ai-c-Wtc-bpw Bew_lo\scbpw D]Po-hn-®mbn-cp∂p sI´n∏SpØXv. F∂m¬ Cu coXn-sb ]msS AhKWn®v `mcXØnse {In-kvXym\nIƒ BUw_cØnepw tkz—m-{]aØXbnepw A`ncan°m\mWv Cjv-Ss∏´Xv. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ ]uc-kvXy-aXsa∂ \ne°v tbiphns\ Bcm[n--°m\p≈ Htcsbmcp hgn At±lsØ Cu-izc\mbn ]qPn°¬ am{XamWv, as‰m∂p-a√.''(31) At±lw \nco£n®p.

\mkvXnIcmb _p≤∑m¿ a‰paXßtfmsS∂ t]mse tbmPn°mhp∂ taJesb ]camh[n ]pIgvØnbpw hntbmPn∏v i-‡ambn {]ISn∏n®pamWv _p≤aXtØbpw hnth-Im\µ≥ t\cn´Xv. "XmfntbmeIfn¬ A¥nbp-dß - nbncp∂ aXsØ {]mtbmKnI XeØn-te°v sIm≠ph∂ [oc\mbn´mWv'(32) BZyØnA-t±lw _p≤s\ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. P\ß-ƒ°v \¬Im\mbn knwlmk\w t\SnsbSpØ tPm-¿P - v hmjnwKvSWmbmWv(33) HcnSØt±lw _p≤-s\ Nn{XoIcn°p∂Xv.

CXc aXZ¿i\ßsfbpw A- X ns‚ {]NmcIscbpw \n-¿tem`amb A]Zm\߃ sIm-≠v aqSpIbpw AtXmsSm-∏w Ah¿ {]t_m[\w sN-bvX BZ¿isØ hnebnSn-®p ImWn°m≥ hcn-I-ƒ°pw hmNIß-ƒ°pan-Sbneq-sS kabw Is≠Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂XmWv hnth-Im\-µs‚ ssien.

aqlΩZv \_nsb {]Xnÿm\Øv \n¿Øn Ckvemans\ hna¿in°p∂Xp t]m-sebmbncp∂n√ hnthIm\µs‚ ss{I-kvXh hna¿i\coXn. adn®v tb-iphn-s\ ]camh[n kwc£n®p sIm≠pw ss{I-kvXhZ¿i\sØ hna¿in®p sIm≠pw tbiphns‚ ]n≥KmanIsf IW-°n\v `’n®p sIm≠pambncp∂p AXv \n¿h-ln°s∏´Xv. 2013 tabv

16

1893 sk]vXw_¿ 20\v \S∂ aX]m¿e-sa‚nem-Wv At±lw Xs‚ _p≤\ne]mSv hy‡ambn A-hXcn∏n°p∂Xv. _p≤≥ bmsXm∂pw ]pXpXmbn DZvt_m[n∏n®n´n√(34) adn®v {InkvXphns\ t]mse _p≤\pw \ndth‰m\mWv h∂Xv; \in∏n°m-\√. \ndth‰p∂XmIs´ icnbmb lnµpaX k-Xyßfpw. AXmbXv lnµpaXØns‚ bp‡nk-lamb Xo¿∏pIƒ bYmhn[n \ndth‰m\mWv _p-≤≥ {ian®Xv. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ Hcn°epw ln-µpaXØn\v _p≤aXsØ IqSmsX Pohn-°m≥ Ignbn√. ""lnµpaXØn\v _p≤nksØ IqSmsX Pohn-°m≥ Ignbn√; _p≤nkØn\v lnµpaXsØ IqSmsXbpw. AhbpsS th¿]mSv F¥mWv \ap°v Im´nØcp∂sX∂v a\ nem°pI, _p≤n-ÃpI-ƒ°v {_m“WcpsS akvXnjvIhpw XØz-imkv{- Xhpw IqSmsX \ne\n¬]n√. {_m“W\v _p≤n-ÃpIfpsS lrZbw IqSmsXbpw. _p≤nÃpIfpw {_m“Wcpw XΩnep≈ th¿]mSmWv C¥ybpsS ]X\Øn\v ImcWw.''(35)

_p≤aXØns‚ kzX{¥m-kv-Xn-IysØ A\phZn®v sImSp°m≥ hnth-Im\µ-≥ BZyImeßfnsem∂pw Xømdmbncp-∂n√. F∂m¬ AXns‚ CuizcNn-¥bpw ssZhhnizmkØnse AÿncXbpw th-dn´p ]Tn°m≥ a‰p≈h¿ Xømdm-bt∏m-ƒ hnthIm\µ≥ Xs‚ \ne]mSnA-bhp hcpØn. XpS¿∂v sshZ-n-I-a-XØn-s‚ BNmcm\pjvTm\ßfnepw PmXob-Xbnepw a\waSpØmWv KuXa-_p≤-≥ Aßns\sbmcp Z¿i\w ]SpØpb-¿ØnbXv F∂t±lw hniZoIcn®p. ""Xs‚ ImesØ A¥an√mØ B[n-`uXnIXm N¿®Ifnepw \o≠ A\pj-T v m\ßfnepw PmXnhyhÿbnepw a\wa-SpØ KuXas\∂ Hcp alm\mWv AXv ÿm]n®Xv. \msa√mw Hcp {]tXyI A-hÿbnte°v P\n®p hogp∂p. AXn\m-¬ Aßs\ P\n°mØhsc°mƒ DXv-IrjvScmWv X߃ F∂v Nne¿ IcpXp-∂p. At±lw A°meØv AXni-‡am-bncp∂ ]utcmlnXyØn\v FXncm-bncp-∂p. tNmZIi‡nbn√mØ B[n`uXn-IX, Cuizcs\°pdn®p≈ kn≤m-¥ß-ƒ F∂nhbpsS ImcyØn¬ \mkvX - nI-amb Hcp aXamWv At±lw {]Ncn-∏n®-X.v Cuizc\pt≠m F∂v At±-lt- ØmSv ]eh´w tNmZn°s∏´p. X\n°dnbn√ F-∂t±lw adp]Sn ]d™p. icnbmb s]-cpam‰sØ°pdn®v At±ltØmSv tNmZn-®m¬ At±lw ]dbpw: \∑ sNøpI, \-√h\mbncn°pI.''(36) ]t£ Cu cwKØv _p≤\v ]q-¿-Wam-bpw sX‰p]‰nsb∂v At±lw hniz-kn-®p. ""_p≤≥ PmXnsb Hcp aX-ÿm-]-\am-bn I≠v AXns\ \in∏n°m≥ {i-an®p. AXv sX‰mbncp∂p. _p≤nkw £{Xn-bcpw {_m“Wcpw XΩn¬ {]mNo-\Im-ew apX¬ \ne\n∂pt]m∂ k¥penXm-hÿsb XInSw adn®p. Atßb‰w E-WmflIamb Hcp hn{Kl`RvPIXzw A-hXcn∏n®Xnepw _p≤\v sX‰p]‰n.

A-Xv ]n∂oSv i¶c\pw am[z\pw cmam-\-pP-\pamWv XncpØnbXv.''(37) "kwkvIrX]T\Øn\pw {]NcW-Øn\pw ]Icw P\{]nb `mjIƒ D]tbmKn®-Xv Cu sX‰pIƒ°v B°w Iq´-nsb∂pw'(38) "sIm√mXncn°¬ ]caamb Hcp \-∑bmsW∂v {]Nn∏n°pI hgn _p≤a-Xw C¥ybv°v \miw hcpØn-sh-®p'-(39)sh-∂pamWv hnthIm\µ≥ ]n∂o-sS-Ønt®-¿∂ \nKa\w.

Ckvemans‚ D∑qe\ kn≤m-¥Øn\v XmØznI ASnØ-d \¬Ip∂Xv Izp¿B-\mWv F∂mWv hnthIm\µ≥ a-\ nem°nbXv. CXn\v sXfn-hmbn At±lw D≤cn-°p∂-XmIs´ bmsXmcp XØzZo£bpw KpWImw-£bp-an√m-Ø Xo{h Ckvemw hn-a-¿i-IcpsS ap≥hn-[n-Ifpw!

2013 tabv

17

Cuizcs\ Ipdn®p≈ hnizmkØnemWv KuX-a_p≤≥ Gsd ]ng®p t]mbsX∂pw AXmIs´ Hcn°epw Hcp lnµp kln°pIbns√∂pw hy-‡am°nb hnthIm\µ≥, _p≤Z-¿i-\ß - f - pam-bp≈ hntbmPn∏ns‚ \mcmbthcv Is≠Øp∂-Xv Cu hnizmkcwKØmWv. ""lnµp°ƒ°v AhcpsS Cuizcs\ HgnsI as‰√m‰ns\bpw XyPn°mw. Cuizcs\ \nt-j[n-°pI F∂m¬ `‡nbpsS Im¬°ognse aÆpX-s∂ CSn®pIfbp∂Xn\v XpeyamWv. `‡n-sbbpw Cuizcs\bpw lnµp°ƒ hnSmsX ]nSn-°W-w. Ah¿°v Ahsb Dt]£n°m≥ Hcn°epw I-gnbn√.''(40) F∂m¬ Cu cwKØv hsc _p≤≥ sslµhZ-¿-i\ßsf AhaXn®v kzbw Z¿i\-ß-fp-≠-m°n-sb∂pw AXp sIm≠v Xs∂ ip≤ \ncoizchm-Zn-bmWv _p≤s\∂pw kzman hy‡-am-°p-∂p≠v. ""_p≤≥ Cuizcs\ kw_‘n®v XnI®pw \m-kX v- nI\mWv, ]t£, \ΩpsS aXØn¬ F√mbn--S Øpw Cuizc\ps≠∂mWv {]Ncn∏n°-s∏Sp-∂-Xv. thZ߃ Cuizcs\ Ipdn®v˛hy‡n ssZhsØ°pdn®pw \n¿hy‡n ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®p-w˛]Tn∏n°p∂p. KoXbn¬ apgph≥ Cuiz-cs\-°pdn®v ]Tn°p∂p≠v. lnµpaXw Cu-iz-c-\√-msX H∂pa√. thZ߃ Ah\n√msX H∂pa√.

AXpam{XamWv tam£Øn\p≈ hgn. k∂ymkn-am¿ C\n Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xv Bh¿-Øn-®p-d-∏n°-Ww. Rm≥ ap‡n Imw£n®p sIm≠v temI{k-jvSmhmb, izmkwhgn thZ߃ ]pdØphn´, Cu-izc\n¬ A`bw {]m]n°p∂p.''(41) Npcp°Øn¬, lnµpaXsØ \ho-Icn-°p-∂Xn-¬ {it≤bamb ]¶phln®psh∂v hnizkn°p-∂tXmsSm∏w hnizmknIsf apgph≥ \ncoizchm-ZØnte°pw A\mhiy N¿®Ifnte°pw B-

]--Xn∏n°m≥ _p≤aXw ImcWambn F∂m-Wv hnthIm\µ≥ Btcm]n°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ _p≤aXØns‚ Cu B¥cnI\yq\XIƒ Hcp kaql-sØ-bmI-am\w aqeyclnX hyhÿbnte°v Iq∏p-IpØn°m≥ CSbm°nsb∂mWv A-t±lw ISpØ`mjbn¬ Bt£]-n° - p-∂X - .v ""Aßs\ arKßtfmSv ImcpWyw ImWn-°Wsa∂v DZvt_m[n-∏n-®psh¶nepw, DZmØamb ss\XnI aXambn-cp-s∂-¶nepw, \nXymflmhv Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw X-e\ - mcng Iodn N¿® sNbvsX¶nepw _p≤n-kØns‚ kvXq]ßfmsI XI¿-∂pXcn∏Wambn. B XI¿® _o`’-am-bncp-∂p. _p≤nksØ-Øp-S-¿-∂v D≠mb _o-`’X hnhcn°m≥ F\n°v kabtam Xm¬]cytam C√. G‰hpw _o`’am-b BtLmj߃, a\pjyl-kv-X-߃ FgpXnb, a\pjyakvXnjvIw BhnjvI - cn®, G‰hpw `oIcamb, G‰hpw A«o-eamb ]pkvXI߃, aXØns‚ t]c-n-- hneknb G‰hpw arKobamb cq]ß-ƒ, Chsb√mw A[x]Xn® _p≤nkØn-s‚ krjvSnIfmbncp∂p.''(42) PmXnhyhÿ: kw`rX kwkvImcØn-s‚ kq£n∏v! `mcXØn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ {Iqcamb th¿Xncnhmbncp∂p PmXobX. ]c-k-v]cw sXm´pIqSmbvabpw Xo≠epaS°w \mev h¿Kßfpw At\Iw D]h¿Kß-fpambn Cu Akv]riyX kaqlsØbm-Iam\w sh´napdn®p. a\pkvarXnbneqsS temIw {ihn® Cu Zpjn® kmaqlnI hyhÿ-sb `mcXØnse H´pan° aX˛kmaq-lnI˛cmjv{Sob˛kmwkvImcnI \mbI∑m-cpw FXn¿Øp t]m∂n´p≠v. CXnG-‰hpw {][m\nbmbn hnebn-cp-Øm-dp-≈Xv kzman hnthIm\µs\bmWv. PmXntIcfsØ t\m°n {`m¥m-ebsa-∂v hntijn∏n®, "RßfpsS aXw ASp-°fbnemWv, Cuizc≥ shbv-]p-I-ehpw' F∂v ]d™, hnthImµs‚ hm-°pIfpw {]hrØnIfpw CØcw hmZKX-nI - ƒ-°v Dt]m¬_eIambn FSpØp≤-cn°m-dpap≠v. F∂m¬ a‰p≈hcn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvXambn XnI®pw XmØznIamb A-SnØdbn¬ \n∂psIm≠v PmXobX XpS-cWsa∂pw ]cnjvIcn°Wsa∂pw AXn-eqsS am{Xta `mcXw tamNn∏n°s∏Sq F∂pw hmZn®bmfmWv hnthIm\µ≥ F∂XmWv hmkvXhw.

aXßtfmSp≈ "aplΩ-Zo-b'cp-sS c‡]¶ne {]Xntcm[-Øn¬ tI{µÿm\Øv \n∂- X v lnµpaXambncp∂p F-∂m-Wv hnthIm\µ≥ hnebn-cpØp∂Xv. AXn\v {][m-\ ImcWw Ah¿ Im^ndpIfpw hn{Klmcm-[-I-cp-ambn-cp∂p F∂pw. Cu {]Xntem-a Nn¥I¿ `mcXØ-ns- ‚ ]ptcmKXnsb XS™p \n¿Øn F∂pw At±lw hn-izkn®p.

2013 tabv

18

C¥y ]pWy`qanbmsW∂pw "im¥-ln-µp'-hnt\m-Sv temIw ISs∏´ncn°p∂p F∂pw ]d™ A-t±lw kh¿°sd t]mse Xs‚ Bibw cq]h-¬°cn®Xv Bcy∑mcpƒs°m≈p∂ k\mX\ kwkvIrXnbn¬ ]SpØpb¿ØnbXmWv `mcXw F∂ BibØnemWv. a\phns‚ Z¿i\ßsf s]m-fns®gpXpIb√, A√d Nn√d ]cnjvI-c-Wß-fneqsS cmjv{SsØ kPmXobamb h¿K-Øns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ \n¿hln°Wsa∂v I-s≠Ø-nb At±lw ""C¥y apgph≥ BcyamWv as‰m∂p-a√''(43) F∂v ]dbm≥ ss[cyw ImWn®p. A-t±lsØ kw_‘n®nStØmfw C¥y≥ PmXn hyh-ÿ ""{]`p a\pjy\v \¬Inb G‰hpw al-Øm-b kmaqlnIÿm]\ßfn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p.''(44) ip≤h¿Ksa∂ k¶¬]w bp‡nkla√ F∂-pw Ie¿∏n√mØXmbn H∂pap≠mIns√∂pw ]-d™ hnthIm\µ≥ Bcy∑m¿°v ]pXnsbmcp s]m-Xph¿K ]›mØew Is≠-Øp-Ibm-bn-cp∂p. CXmIs´ c‡Ønt‚X√ `mjbptSXmWv. ""Bcyi_vZw C¥ybnse "alZvh¿Kßfmb' kw-kI v rXw kwkmcn°p∂ lnµp°sfbpw Xangv kw-kmcn°p∂p lnµp°sfbpw Ipdn°p∂p F∂p-w At±lw ]d™p. AYhm Bcy˛{ZmhnU hn-`n∂X `mjbpsSXmWv, c‡Ønt‚X√ F∂v.''(45) Cu th¿Xncnhv BXy¥nIambn C¥ysb hn-ip≤oIcn°s∏´p F∂pw CXn¬ t\XrXzw Pm-XobXbnse DXvIrjvScmb {_m“W¿°mWv F∂pw At±lw hnizkn®p.

""AXv (PmXnhyhÿ) ssk\≤m¥nI-am-sb¶nepw C¥ysb apgph≥ k-ºØn-s‚tbm hmfns‚tbm A√, _p≤nbp-sS˛BflobXbn¬ hnip≤oIc-n° - s - ∏´, \nb{¥n°s∏´ _p≤nbpsS˛am¿§\n¿-t±iØn≥ Iogn¬ sIm≠ph∂p. C¥ybn-se PmXnIfn¬ t\Xrÿm\w Bcy∑m-cn¬ G‰hpw Db¿∂h¿°p X-s∂-˛{_m-“W¿°v.''(46) AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ "PmXobX, `m-cX - Øn¬ A¤pX߃ krjvSn-®p-sh-∂pw'(47) Hcp ]SnIqSn IS∂v "AXns‚ Nn¥m-iq\y-amb XnckvImcamWv C¥ybpsS ]X\-Øn\v ImcWsa∂v' IqSn hnth-Im-\µ - ≥ ]d™psh®p. ""AXpsIm≠v cmPy°msc, F\n°v \nßtfmSv ]dbm\p≈Xv CXm-W˛v- C - ¥ - ysb XI¿ØXv \n߃ PmXnsb Xg-bpI-bpw C√mXm°pIbpw sNbvXXp sIm≠m-Wv. PmXn°v AXns‚ ÿm\w \-¬Ip-I, PmXn°p XS w \n¬°p∂ F√m-‰ns\bpw XI¿°pI; F¶n¬ \mw ho≠-pw Dbcpw.''(48) Aßns\bp≈ B PmXn k{ºZmbw \in∏n°p∂Xv {IqcamsW∂pw adn®v Hcp hn`mKw CXccpsS ta¬ IpXncIbdp∂Xv am-{Xw {i≤n®m¬ aXnsb∂pamWv A-t±l-Øns‚ \n¿tZiw. ""Aßs\ PmXn Hcp kz`mhnI-{I-aam-Wv; PohnXw {IaoIcn°m\p≈ Hcp kz`mhnIam¿Kw. Hscm‰ ImcyØn-s\-Xnsc am{Xta \mw Pm{KX ]pe¿tØ-≠Xp-≈p˛khntijmhImiw F∂ B-ibØn-s\Xnsc. D∂XPmXn°m¿ Io-gP v- mXn-°mcpsS ta¬ IpXnc IbdcpXv. B[p-\nI C¥ybn¬ PmXn "Hcp kv^Sn-Ih-XI v rX kmaqlyÿm]\ambn' amdn-°gn-™ncn°p∂p. AXv ]ptcmlnX h¿KØn-s‚ IpSneXbpsS XShnemWv. P\ß-fpsS kmaqlyhy‡nXzw hf¿ØpI F∂Xmbncp∂p PmXnbpsS bYm¿Y e£-yw. Ct∏mƒ AXv "C¥ybpsS A-¥co-£Øn¬ AXns‚ Zp¿K‘w \nd®-ncn-°p∂p.''(49)

lnµp_lpP\ßsf C-kvema-nte°v aX]cnh¿Ø\w sNøp∂Xv XSbm\mbn cq]w sIm≠ kwL-S-\-IfnXßfpsS Du¿Pw sNeh-gn®Xp sIm≠mWv cm-am\µ≥, I_o¿, ZmZp, ssN-X\y, \m\mIv XpS-ßn-bh - ¿- °v lnµpaXØn\v ]pXn-b BiIƒ°pw Bibß-ƒ° - pw P∑w \¬Im≥ I-gn-bm-Xncp∂Xv F-∂mWv hn-th-Im-\µs‚ Is≠-ج.

]gb PmXnbXbnte°v XncnsI t]mhp-I am{XamWv C¥y°m¿°v IcWo-bsa-∂pw, "C¥y°v apºmsIbp≈ ISa ln-µp-P\Xsb \mev {][m\ PmXn-I-fmbn-˛{_m“W¿, £{Xnb¿, sshiy¿, iq{Z-c¿˛]p\¿hn`Pn°pI'(50) F∂msW∂pw At±lw Nq≠n°m´n. AXn¬ {_m-“W - 2013 tabv

19

∑m-¿ Xs∂bmWv D∂Xh¿Kw F∂t±lw ÿnco-Icn®p. ""C¥ybnse am\hhwiØns‚ BZ¿iw {_m-“WXzw Xs∂, KoXmhymJym\Øns‚ XpS-°Øn¬ Xs∂ i¶cmNmcmcy¿ apt∂m-´p-sh-°p∂-Xp t]mse. CXn¬ At±lw {_m“WXzw AY-hm {_m“WXv kwc£n°m≥ Hcp {]Nm-c-Is\-∂ \nebn¬ IrjvW≥ h∂Xns‚ Imc-WsØ-°pdn®v kwkmcn°p∂p≠t√m''(51) {_m“Wsc "bpKßfpsS kw`rX kw-kvI - mc-Øns‚ kq£n∏pImc≥'(52) F∂v hntijn∏n® At±lØn\v B[p\nI {_m“Wsc Ipdn®v Xosc aXn∏n√mbncp∂p. "IenbpKØnse {_m-“W-¿ cm£k∑m¿°v XpeycmsW∂'(53) A-t±-lØn-s‚ hnhmZ ]cma¿isa√mw DSseSpØXv Cu AhkcØnemWv. IogvPmXn°m¿°v Dbcm≥ a\phn¬ \n∂v hn`n-∂ambn kwkvIrX`mj ]Tn°m≥ DZvt_m[\w \¬In(54) F∂Xv am{XamWv At±lw PmXo-b-X°-p \¬Inb KpW]camb D]tZiw. CXv ad-®psh-®p F∂XmWv cmam\pP\pw ssNX\ybpw I_o-dpw _p≤\pw sNbvX sX‰v F∂pw At±lw D-d®p hnizkn®p.

Npcp°Øn¬ k¿haXkXyhmZsØ k-Xys∏-SpØp∂ Npcp°w Nne D≤cWnIƒ hnthIm-\µs‚ {]`mjWßfn¬ \n∂pw cN\Ifn\n-∂pw Is≠Sp°msa¶nepw BXy¥nIambn At±-lw lnµqbnkw GIkXyaXambpw C¥y ]pWy`qanbmbpw Xs∂bmWv hnebncpØnbXv. B `qXImeØn¬ \n∂v thdn´v ]pXnb kzXzw Bhn-jvIcn°m≥ {ian®XmWv `mcXØns‚ ap-gph-≥ ZpcnX߃°pw ImcWw.(55) F∂v X-s∂-bmWv At±lw F°meØpw hnizkn®Xv. AXn\v

hnLmXambXv ]pdØv\n∂p≈ i-‡nI-fmWv. AØcw "Ifna¨I´Iƒ'(56) sIm≠v ]SpØpb¿Ønb C¥y shdpw "Dcpf-≥I√pIƒ'°v(57) kam\amsb∂pw, CXpsI-m≠v Xs∂ `mcXw "aÆn¬ Cgbp∂' ap-∂qdv Zie£w aÆncIfmbn(58) amdnsb-∂pw At±lw ]cnX]n°p∂p. Cu I-SpØ AhKW\aqew "Xp∂nb DSp-∏pI-ƒ [cn°m≥ t]mepw apkvenwIƒ' ]Tn-∏nt°≠ KXntISv C¥y-°m-¿° - p-≠mbn'(59) F∂pw hnthImµ≥ hne]n-°p∂p-≠v Fs¥ms° \∑Iƒ e£yw sh-®msW-¶nepw kz¥w aXØns‚bpw kz¥w h¿-KØns‚bpw kz¥w kwkv-Im-c-Øns‚-bpw D∂a\Øn\mbn ]cn{ian®, B b-⁄Øn¬ CXcsc ISpØ `mjbnhn-a¿in®, Nne thfIfnse¶nepw Akln-jvWphmIpIbpw A]csc `’n-°pI-bpw sNbvX kzman hnthIm\µs\, k-¿h - aXkXyhmZnbpw aXmXoXamb am\-hnIXbv°v {ian® \thm∞m-\\m-bI - \p-am°n Db¿Øn°m´m\p≈ {ia߃ \oXoIcn°m≥ Ignbp∂X√; \t∂ Npcp-ßnbXv kzman hnthIm\µs‚ B-flmhn-s\¶nepw.

Ref:

AssZzXthZm¥nbpw ]-cnjvI¿Ømhpsa∂ \nebnkzman hnthIm\µ\v Ckvem-ans‚ B¥cnI\∑sb Ipdn®v Gsd ]dbm\p≠mbn-cps∂¶nepw k¿h aXß-fpsSbpw amXmhmbn Xm≥ hnizkn°p∂ lnµp-aXØn-s‚ {]t_m[\ {]NmcW-߃°v th≠n a‰p aXß-sf \ninXambn hna¿in°m-≥ bmsXmcp ssha-\k - yhpap≠mbncp∂n√.

1. kzman hnthIm\µ≥: PohnXhpw D]tZißfpw, kzman hnthI\µs‚ 150mw P∑ hm¿jnI {]kn≤oIcWw, cmaIrjvW aTw & anj≥, t_eq¿ aTw t]Pv:111 2. Ibid:t]Pv 100 3. The Hindu: 2013 April 10 4. The Complete works of Swami Vivekananda hmeyw 1, ]pdw 3, AssZzXm{iaw, sIm¬°Ø (tPymXn¿ab i¿abpsS lnµpXzw F∂ IrXnbn¬ \n∂pw FSpØp tN¿ØXv) 5. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 249 6. Ibid: hmeyw 1, ]pdw 117 7. Ibid: hmeyw 2, ]pdw 372 8. Ibid: hmeyw 1, ]pdw 3 9. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 132 10. Ibid: hmeyw 5, ]pdw 351

2013 tabv

20

11. Ibid: hmeyw 8, ]pdw 481 12. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 242 13. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 242 14. Ibid: hmeyw 5 ]pdw 304 15. Ibid: hmeyw 5, ]pdw 260 16. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 370 17. Ibid: hmeyw 1, ]pdw 184 18. Ibid: hmeyw 1, ]pdw 481 19. Ibid: hmeyw 1, ]pdw 482 20. Ibid: hmeyw 8, ]pdw 202 21. Ibid: hmeyw 1, ]pdw 482 22. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 122 23. Ibid: hmeyw 2, ]pdw 333 24. Ibid: hmeyw 2, ]pdw 350 25. Ibid: hmeyw 2, ]pdw 368 26. Ibid: hmeyw 2, ]pdw 350 27. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 318 28. Ibid: hmeyw 2, ]pdw 351 29. Ibid: hmeyw 2, ]pdw 351 30. Ibid: hmeyw 2, ]pdw 351 31. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 143 32. Ibid: hmeyw 7, ]pdw 116 33. Ibid: hmeyw 7, ]pdw 57 34. Ibid: hmeyw 7, ]pdw 116 35. Ibid: hmeyw 1, ]pdw 23 36. Ibid: hmeyw 14, ]pdw 131 37. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 272 38. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 273 39. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 273 40. Ibid: hmeyw 8, ]pdw 99 41. Ibid: hmeyw 6, ]pdw 86 42. Ibid: hmeyw 7, ]pdw 264 43. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 282 44. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 245 45. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 245 46. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 243 47. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 245 48. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 317 49. Ibid: hmeyw 5, ]pdw 19 50. Ibid: hmeyw 5, ]pdw 322 51. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 293 52. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 298 53. Ibid: hmeyw 6, ]pdw 224 54. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 290 55. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 270 56. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 423 57. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 187 58. Ibid: hmeyw 5, ]pdw 12 59. Ibid: hmeyw 4, ]pdw 313

zw X c atX-X n-IX h \ m a w m e v Ck A¬Øm^v AΩm-´n-°p∂v atX-Xc - Xzw: D¤-hw, hnImkw, ]cn-Wmaw atX-X-cXzw F∂ at\m-l-camb hm°v Hcp-h-´-sa-¶nepw D]-tbm-Kn-°mØ-h-cmbn B[p-\nI temIØv Bcpw D≠m-Im-\n-S-bn-√. B[p-\n-I-amb km-t¶-Xn-I-i-_vZ-ß-fn¬ Cu ]Z-Øn\v A{X ta¬ kzoIm-cyX ssIh∂n-cn-°p-∂p. hnhn[ aX-h‡m-°fpw aXm-\p-Iq-en-Ifpw aX-ap-‡cpw aX\n--tj-[n-Ifpw ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-amb hyXykvX cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°≥amcpw Xß-fpsS hm°n-eqsStbm {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsStbm \jvS-s∏-SpØnb kln-jvWp-Xbpw klm-\p-`q-Xnbpw Xncn®v ]nSn-°p-∂Xv "R-߃ a-tX-X-cXzw apdpsI ]nSn-°p-∂-h-cmWv' F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-´p-sIm-≠m-Wv. 1851-¬ hnJymX {_n´ojv Nn¥-I-\mb tPm¿Pv tlmfn-tbm-°mWv (George Holyoake) BZy-ambn temI-Øn\v ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. F-≥ssk--t¢m-]o-Unb {_n´m-\n° Atheism (\nco-iz-c-hm-Zw) F∂ Xe-s°´n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv skIyp-en-dn-ks - Ø-°p-dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv. \ncoiz-c-hm-ZsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-®v F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb {_n´m-\n° ]d-bp∂p: ""{]m-tbm-Kn-I-\n-co-iz-c-hmZw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ ssZh-\n-tj[w Xs∂-bm-Wv. A-Øcw Hcp Z¿i-\sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ssZh-apt≠m F∂ tNmZyw Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¿Yhpw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-ambn _-‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ A{]-k-‡-am-Wv. apºv {]IrXni‡n-I-tfmSv tN¿Øv ]d™ {]Xn-`m-k-߃°v imkv{Xob hni-Zo-I-cWw Is≠-Øn-btXm-sS B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ "t{]X_m[-sbm-gn™ temIw' ]nd-∂p-hoWp. AXvt]mse Xs∂ sshZy-im-kv{Xw, hnZym-`ymkw, Ie XpS-ßnb ta-Je -- -I-fn¬ kwL-SnX aX-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w Ah-km-\n-®-tXmsS ssZhØ-n\pw ]c-tem-I-Øn\pw Imcy-amb ]¶n-√mØ Hcp Pohn-X-ho-£Ww hf-¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ a\p-jy≥ DZyp-‡-\m-bn. CØcw Hcp PohnX Z¿i-\2013 tabv

21

sØ-°p-dn-°m-\mWv 19-mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-Øn¬ skIyp-en-dnkw F∂ hm°v \n¿an-°-s∏-´-Xv.''(1) tbip-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-sf∂v A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ bqtdm-]y≥˛]m›m-Xy cmPy-ß-fnse P\X tbiphn-\m¬ ]Tn-∏n-°s - ∏´ thZ-]m-Tß - ƒ hnkv a - c n- ° p- I bpw X¬ÿm- \ Øv ]ptcm- l n- X ≥am- c p- s S kzbw- I rX Bi-b-߃ ssZhnI\nb-a-ß-sf∂v IcpXn BN-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tb-ip-hn-\m¬ ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏´ aX-\nb-a-߃ \qdp-i-X-am-\hpw ssZhn-Ihp-w AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ am\-hn-I-hpam-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ k`m]mXn-cn-am-cm¬ \n¿an® \nb-a-߃ a\p-jy-\n¿anX-ß-fm-bXpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ km[mcW ]uc≥amsc AXv Gsd _p≤nap-´n-®n-cp-∂p. a[y-Ime bqtdm-∏nse `-cWtI{µ-ß-fn¬ N¿®n\pw ]ptcmln-X≥am¿°p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ kzm-[o\w Gh¿°pw Adn-hp-≈-Xm-W-t√m. k`-bpsS kzm[o\w D]-tbm-Kn-®psIm-≠v ]e Zm¿i-\n-I≥am-scbpw im-kv{X-Im-c≥am-scbpw Pbn-en-e-S°-pItbm h[n-°p-Itbm \mSv ISØp--Itbm sNbvXp. Keo-en-tbm, tSmf-an XpS-ßnb {]Xn-`m-im-en-Iƒ hsc ]oUn-∏n-°s - ∏-´p. ]s£, k-`t - °m k-`m-[n-jvTn-Xa - mb `c-WI - q-SØ - nt\m am-dnb kmaq-lnI apt∂-‰-߃s°Xn-sc BPo-hm-\¥w ]nSn®p-\n¬°m\m--bn-√. imkv{Xob kXy-߃ shfn-®Øv h∂-t∏mƒ Xß-fpsS ]ptcmK-Xn-bpsS XS- -߃°pw \nc-]-cm[n--I - f mb imkv { X- ⁄ ≥am- c psS

aX-ap-‡hpw aX-hn-cp-≤-hpamb atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v Hcp aX-tØmSpw kln-jvWp-Xm]q¿hw h¿Øn-°pI km[ya-√. \nco-iz-c-hmZ {]Imcw F-√m aX-ßfpw Ah-bpsS hn-izm-k-ßfpw Aim-kv{Xob-hpw Adp-]n-¥n-cn-∏-\p-amWv. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp aXw im-kv{Xo-b-am-sWt∂m {]IrXn-]-c-am-sWt∂m \nco-iz-cXzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ aX-ß-tfmSp≈ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-fpsS kao-]\w i{Xp-Xm-]-chpw D≥-aq-e-\m-fl-Ihpw Bbn-cn°pw.

2013 tabv

22

]oUm-\p-`-h-߃°pw ImcWw k`bpw k`m-\n-b-a-ßfpamsW-∂-h¿ a\- n-em-°n. `qcn-]£w hcp∂ P\-߃ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw N-¿®n-s\-Xn-cmbn \ne-sIm-≠p. a[y-Ime ss{I-kvXh aX-tØm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v IqSn h-cn-Ibpw BZyw ss{IkvXh\ntj-[-ambn cq-]w sIm≠ Nn¥m-[mc ]n∂oSv ssZh-\ntj-[-ambn cq]w {]m]n-°p-I-bpam-Wp-≠mb-Xv. ASn-bp-d® {Inkv{Xob hnizm-kn-bmb A-tUmƒ^v ln‰ve-dpsS {Iqc-XIfpsSbpw, N¿®n-s‚bpw Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ aIp-tSm-Zm-lc-W-ß-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ k`m ]nXm--°≥am-cpsSbpw Bio¿hm-Zt - ØmsS temI-Øv Ac-tß-dnb Ipcniv bp≤-ß-fp-I-fpsS-bpw, XpS¿∂v \S∂ aX-Ip‰ hnNm-c-WI-fpsS-bpw ^-e-ambn \S∂ Iq´ a\p-jy°p-cp-Xn-Ifpw P\-ß-fnse \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-{]h-W-X-Iƒ°v B°w Iq´n. CØ-c-samcp km-l-N-cy-Øn-emWv atX-X-cXzw F∂ Bi-bw DS-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Cusbmcp ]›m-Øe-Øn¬ atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v I¬]n-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ A¿Yw aX-\n-cm-khpw ssZh\ntj-[hpw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv atX-X-c-Xzw (Secularism) F∂ kmt¶-XnI {]tbm-K-Øn\v tem-I-sa-ºmSpw {]Nmcw kn≤n-®p. F∂mss{IkvX-h-cn¬\n∂v kz¥w P\X t\cn´ A\p-`-h-ß-sf- t]msebmbn-cp-∂-n√ a‰v cmPy-ß-fnse Ah-ÿ. hy‡-amb aX-\ntj[--Ønt\m \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-Ønt\m t{]cn-∏n°p∂ Xn‡m-\p-`-h-߃ ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw C√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ atX-X-cXzw (Secularism) F∂ hmZ-Øns\ bqtdm]y-≥ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬\n∂v AS¿Øn kz¥-w cmPy-Øns‚˛{]-tZ-i-Øns‚ `qan-im-kv{X-hpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb ASn-ÿm-\Øn-¬ hymJym-\n-°m≥ XØz-Nn-¥-Icpw Zm¿-i-\n-Icpw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn. AXpsIm≠p--Xs∂ atX-X-cXzw (Secularism) F∂ ]-ZØ - n\v ]c-kv]c hncp-≤a - mb A¿Y-ßfpw B-i-b-ßfpw ssIh-∂p.

C‚¿s\-‰nse kzX{¥ hn⁄m-\-tImi-amb ae-bmfw hn°o-]o-Unb atX-X-c-XzsØ-°p-dn®v hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv ImWpI: ""a-tX-X-cXzw sIm≠v Dt±-in-°-s∏-Sp∂ k¶o-¿Whpw hnhn-t[m-t±-iy-]-c-hpamb \ne]m-Sp-Isf efn-X-amb Hcp \n¿h-N-\-Øntem Npcp-ßnb Nne hm°p-I-fntem Dƒs°m-≈n°p-I {ia-I-c-am-Wv. ]q¿hIme atX-X-c-Xzhpw B[p-\nI atX-X-c-Xzhpw coXn-I-fnepw \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fnepw Nne kmay-X-Iƒ Z¿in°--m-hp-∂-Xm-sW-¶nepw C∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ a-

tX--X-cXzw apJy-ambpw B[p-\nI ]Sn--™m-dns‚ sXm´n-en¬ ]nd-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv ]e kaq-l-ß-fn-ep-ambn hf-¿∂v hnI-kn-®-Xp-am-Wv. a\p-jys‚ bp‡nbnepw `mjbn-epw aXhpw AXn-`u-XnI im-kv{X-hpw sNep-Øp∂ \nb-{¥-W-ßfn-¬ \n∂p≈ tamN\w F∂ \nebn--emWv BZyw atX-Xc - Xzw \n¿hNn°-s∏-´-Xv. ""kmwkvIm-cntImZv{K-Y-\Øn-s‚ {]Xo-I-ßsf aXw \n¿Wbn--°p-∂Xv XS-bpI F∂-XmWv AXn-s‚ e£yw. kaq-l-Ønse F√m Xe-Ønep-ap≈ N]-e-amb AwKXzw AXv \o-°n-°-f-bp-∂p. AXv ]q¿W- hf¿-®-sb-Øepw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Gs‰Sp--°-ep-am-Wv. AXv aX-]-chpw Bflo-b-]-c-hp-amb Xmßv \o°w sNøp--Ibpw a\p-jys\ kz¥w Imen\n¿Øp-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂Xv. ""{]Ir-Xnsb aX-Iob A[n-kz\-ß-fn¬\n∂v tamNn-∏n-°-em-WXv.'' am-Ivkv shº¬ F∂ P¿a≥ kmaqln-I imkv{X-⁄≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

AXo-{µnb Bi-bsØ {]mtbmKn-I ]cn-⁄m-\-Øn¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏Sp--Øp-Ibpw [m¿an-Ihpw AkvXnXz kw_-‘-nbp-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ°m-[mc-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc atX--Xc Nn¥-I≥am¿ \nc-¥cw kacw \S-Øn. `c-W-IqSw GsX-¶nepw a-X-hn-izm-k-sØtbm {]tXyI aXaq--ey-ß-sftbm t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°pItbm `c-W-kzm-X-{¥yw D]-tbm-Kn®v aX-ßsf ]oUn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøn-√ F∂ apJy e£-tØm-sS-bp≈ H-cp Iq´w Bi-b-ß-sfbpw aqey-ßsf-bp-amWv atX-X-cXzw F∂ ]Zw kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂v epAbv A`n{]m-b-s∏-Sp∂p.''(2) atX-Xc - Xzw: Bi-bhpw {]tbm-Khpw aX-kzm-X-{¥y-w, aX-ku-lm¿Zw, \n-co-iz-c-hm-Zw, aX-ap‡ cmjv{So-bhmZw XpS-ßnb F√m-Øcw sshcp[ym-[n-jvTnX hmZ-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-∏n°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv "atX-X-cXz'Øns‚ ta¬hn-em-k-Ønepw \ymbo-I-c-W-Ønep-am-Wv. F¶nepw atX-X-c-Xz-Ønhn-iz-kn-°p-∂-hsc aq∂mbn Xncn°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

a\pjysc√mw Hcm-Wn¬-\n∂pw s]Æn¬\n∂pw DS-seSp-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw Idp-Øh\v shfp-Ø-h-t\-°mfpw shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-Ø-h-t\°mfpw Ad-_nt°m A\-d_nt°m P∑-Øn-s‚tbm hwi-Øn-s‚tbm h¿K-Øn-s‚tbm tZi-Øn-s‚tbm `mjbp-tStbm ASn-ÿm-\-ØnHcp-hn[ t{ijvT-X-bp-an-s√∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]\w. GXv aX-hn-`m-K-°m-c-\mbmepw Ah≥ Xs‚ ktlmZ-c-\m-sW-∂mWv Ckvem-anI hnizmkw.

2013 tabv

23

1. {]]©{kjvSm-hns‚ AkvXn-XzsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿ teJ-\-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®Xv t]mse a[y ss{IkvXh bqtdm-∏n-t\mSp-≈ {]Xn-tj-[-am-bmWv Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬s]´ atX-Xc - h - m-ZØ - ns‚ XpS-°w. ]n∂oSv atX-Xc - X - z-Øn\v ]cn-Wmaw kw`-hn®v Ahm¥-c-hn-`m-K-߃ DS-se-Sp-sØ-¶nepw `mjmim--kv{X-]-c-ambpw Bi-b-]-c-ambpw auenIambpw atX-X-cXzw Cu hn`m-K-hp-am-bmWv _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \oXvsj ]d-bp∂p: ""B-[p-\nI XØz-imkv{Xw hn⁄m-\-{]Zamb ktµ-i-hm-Z-sa∂ \ne°v {]Xy-£ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw ss{IkvXh hncp-≤amWv.'' djy-bn¬ DZbw sNøp-Ibpw ]n-∂oSv temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ Bib--]-c-ambn kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-Ibpw sNbv-X- Iayq-Wnkw ssZh-\n-tj[w apJy-ap{Z-bpw ap{Zm-hm-Iy-hp-am-°n-b-Xm-Wv. ImdamIvkns‚ kmln-Xy-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-ÿm-\Øv \n¿Ø-s∏´ ssZh-k-¶¬]w ss{IkvX-h k¶¬]-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p F∂v am¿Ivknb≥ kmln-Xy-߃ hmbn-®m¬ a\- n-emIp-w. ]s£, [nj-Wm-im-en-bmb am¿Ivkv AXv tIhe ss{IkvXh hna¿i-\-ß-fm°m-sX temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ ssZh-hn-izm-kØn-s\-Xn-cmbn kmam-\y-h¬°-cn-°p-I-bmWp-≠m-b-Xv. aX-ßsf apgp-h-\m-bn-s°m-≠p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kmam-\y-h-Xv°-cWw tem-I-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ am¿Ivknb≥ Bi-b-߃°v A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw A\p-hm-N-I-scbpw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øp. F√m a-X-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]utcm-lnXyambncp-∂p CXn\v Imc-Ww. F√m aX-ß-fn-sebpw ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn\v kam-\-X-I-fp-≠v. ssZ-h-h-N-\-ßsf hf-s®m-Sn®v ]ptcm-ln-X≥-am¿°pw Ah-cpsS kp`n-£-amb Pohn-X-

Øn\pw A\p-Iq-e-am°n am‰n-sb-gpXp-I-bmWv F°m-e-sØbpw ]ptcmln-X¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. X߃ ssZh--Øns‚ a[y-h¿Øn-Ifpw ip]m-¿iI-c-p-am-bmWv Ah¿ kzbw ]cn-N-bs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ {]hmN-I≥am¿ ]Tn-∏n® XØz-ß-fp-ambn ]ptcm-ln-X≥am-cpsS Bi-b-߃°v bmsXm-cp-hn[ _‘-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂n-√. CØcw Nqj-W-߃s-°-Xnsc i‡-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-®-hcpw ssZh--tØmSv {]m¿Yn-°m≥ a[y-h¿ØnIƒ Bh-iy-an-s√∂v ]Tn-∏n-®-h-cp-ambn-cp∂p {]hm-N-I≥am¿. {]hm-N-I≥-am-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-]p-cp-j-∑mcpambn Na-™v P- \ - ß sf NqjWw sNbv X n- c p∂ ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ X´n∏v A-`y--kvX-hn-Zysc aX-Øn¬\n∂v AI-‰m≥ Imc-W-am-bn. ss{IkvXh k`m hncp-≤amb Iayq-Wn-kØ - n\v Aß-s\b - mWv a‰v aX-ß-fn¬ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ D≠m-b-Xv. an° temI-cm-Py-ß-fnepw sXcs™--Sp∏v \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw thms´--Sp∏pw XZ-\p-kr-X-amb cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw `c-W-Øns‚ kzm`m--hnI \S-]-Sn-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXt∏m-ƒ ip≤-\n-co-iz-cXzw Xß-fpsS cmjv{Sob \ne-\n¬]ns\ _m[n°psa∂pw _me‰v s]-´n-bn¬ thm´ns‚ `q-cn]£w Ipd-bp-sa-∂pw C¥y t]mep-≈ cmPyßfnse IayqWnÃv h‡-m-°ƒ°v \√ t_m[y-ap-≠m-bncp--∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ `qcn-]£w hcp∂ hnizm- k n- I ƒ°v ap∂n¬ \nco-iz-ch - mZw, ssZh-\n-tj[w Xp-S-ßnb ]Z-߃°v ]I-c-ambn "atX--X-cXzw' (Secularism) F∂ kmt¶--Xn-I-kw⁄ kzoI-cn-®p. CXn-≥^--e-ambn BZ¿im-i-b-ß-fpsS kwc£-Whpw {]mtbm-KnI cmjv{So-bØn-se \ne-\n¬]pw Hcp-t]mse kw-c-£n-°-s∏-´p. aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒs°Xn-cn-ep≈ aX-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS Btcm-]-W-߃ ]e-Xm-Wv. aX-߃ ImcWw a\pjy-¿ XΩn-e-I-ep-Ibpw Ie-ln-°pI-bpw ]c-kv]cw sIms∂m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ aX-ap-‡am-b Hcp kaq-l-kr-jvSn-∏n-eqsS am{X-sa AXv km[y-am-Iq F∂p-amWv

ssZh-\n-tj-[-]-c-amb atXX-c-Xzw-sIm≠v A\ym-b-amb bp≤-ßfpw \oXo-I-cn-°m\m-hmØ sIme-]m-X-I-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-°pI t]m-bn´v Ip-d-bp-I -t]m-ep-an-√. adn®v AsXmcp KpW-\{- I-am-\p]m-X-t{i-Wn-t]mse A[n-Icn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX-∂mWv Ncn{Xw \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂X - .v

2013 tabv

24

ssZh-\n-tj-[n-If - psS Btcm-]W - ß - f - n-sem∂v. F∂m¬ Xßsf t]mse aX-\n-tj-[h-pw ssZh-\n-tj-[hpw kzoI-cn-®m¬ a\p-jyl-Xy-Ifpw bp≤-ßfpw Ipd-bp-I-b√ h¿[n°p-I-bmWv sNøpI F∂-XmWv ssZh-\ntj[ atX-X-c-hm-Zn-I-fpsS CXx-]-cy-¥-ap≈ N-cn-{X-߃ \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Iayq-WnÃv djy-bnse aX-ß-tfm-Sp≈ k-ao-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw `qan-bnse kz¿KsØ--°p-dn-®p-amWv AXns‚ h‡m-°ƒ°v ]d-bm-\p-≈-sX-¶n¬ AhnsS \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ atX-X-c-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v _lp-`mjm ]fin--X\pw Ncn-{X-Im-c-\p-amb "k¿hXv kue-Xv' Fgp-Xp-∂Xv ImWpI: ""...djy-bn-sebpw at[y-jy-bn-sebpw apkv-enw-Iƒ°v hnI-k-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ I\Ø hne-bmWv \¬tI≠n h∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS AkvXnXzw am{X-a√ C√m-Xm-°-s∏-´-Xv. am-\-hn-I-ambpw imco-cn-I-ambpw Ah¿ {]£m-f\w sNø-s∏-´p. tkmjy-enÃv km{amPy--Øns‚ ASn-aØw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv cmjv{-So-bhpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb ASn-aØw am-{X-a-√. AXn-tesd am\-kn-Ihpw Bflob-hp-amb ASn-a-Ø-am-W-Xv. Ahn-sS tk-mjy-en-Ãp-Iƒ ssZhsØ \ntj-[n® tijw kz-bw ssZh-ambn Na-bp-I-bmWv sNbvXncn-°p-∂-Xv. tkmjy-enÃv X-Øz-ß-fp-ambn tb-mPn-°m-Ø-sX√mw sX‰m-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS shbv]v. Xß-fpsS Bi-bmZ-¿-i-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SmØ F√m kw-kvIm-c-ß-sfbpw XpS-®p-\o-°m≥ Ah¿ B{K-ln-®p. djy-bn¬ tkmjy-enÃv hnπh-sØ XpS¿∂v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Xpey-X-bn-√m-Ø c‡-s®m-cn-®n¬ Ac-tß-dn. ]´m-f-°m¿ am{X-a√ AXn¬ h[n-°-s∏-´-Xv. FÆ-a‰ kn-hn-en-b≥amcpw h[n-°s - ∏-´p. hnπ-hm-\¥ - -

cw tkmjy-enÃv Im¿jn-Ihyhÿ \n¿Zbw ASn- t ®¬]n- ® Xv aqew cmPysØ ]e-h´w ISpØ £maw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw AXn¬ e£-°-W°n- \ m- f p- I ƒ ac- W - a - S - b p- I bpw sNbvXp. e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Isf tkmjy-enÃv hnπ-h-Øns‚ i{Xp°-fmbn ap{Z-IpØn h[n-®p-I-f-bpIbpw tIm¨k≥t{S-j≥ IymºpI-fn-te°v Ab-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ GXm≠v im¥- a m- b - t ∏mƒ tkmjy- e nÃv t\Xm-°≥am¿ ]c-kv]cw G‰p-ap´n acn-®p. hnπ-h-Øn¬ kPoh ]¶v hln® t\Xm-°ƒ Xs∂ hntZi GP‚p-I-fmbn ap{Z-Ip-Ø-s∏´v \nc\n-c-bmbn h[n-°-s∏-´p.'' ""...-ap-kvenwI- s fbpw CXc aX- h n- i zm- k n- I sfbpw aX- { `- j vS- c m- ° p- ∂ - X n\v th≠n- b mWv djy≥ `c- W - I qSw {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v.'' ""...bqtdm]y≥ cmPy-߃ Ah-bpsS tImf\n cmjv{S- ß sf kmº- Ø n- I - a mbn Atß- b ‰w NqjWw sNøp- I - b p≠m- s b- ¶ nepw am\- k n- I - a mbpw Bflo-b-ambpw A{X-Xs∂ NqjWw sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ bqtdm-]y≥ km{am-Py-Xzi-‡n-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn≥ Iognem- b n- c p∂ B cmPy- ß - s f√mw Ct∏mƒ kzX{¥ cmjv{S-ß-fmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ djybnse tkmjy- e nÃv km{amPyw kmº-ØnI NqjWw A[n-Isam∂pw \S-Øp-Ib - p-≠m-bn-√. AtXk-abw am\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-bhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Nqj-W-߃ ]c-

\mw A£-c-߃ tN¿Øv h®v `mh-\m-flI - a- mbn a\- nem-°nb atX-X-c-Xz-hp-ambn Hcn- ° epw s]mcp- Ø - s ∏SpI t]mbn´v tIh-e-samcp Xmc-X-ay-Øn\v t]mepw ]gpXn- √ mØ aX- k - a o- ] - \ - ß fmWv atX-X-c-Xzhpw \m\mXz-Øn¬ GI-Xzhpw AhIm-i-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cn¬\n∂pw A[n- I m- c n- I - f n¬\n∂pw ]et∏mgpw D≠m-bn-s°m-≠ncn-°p-∂Xv.

2013 tabv

am-h-[n- I≠v \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-fpsS ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ Ign™ apkvenw kaq-l߃°v ]n∂oSv Bkz- Z n- ° m≥ km[n® kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ kpJm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ at[yjy-bnse apkvenwIƒ°v Ct∏mgpw Ign™n- ´ n- √ . ]m›mXy km{am- P yXzhpw tkmjy-enÃv km{am-Py-Xzhpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-an-XmWv: ]m›mXy km{am-Py-XzØn¬\n∂v P\- ß ƒ°v ap‡n t\Sm≥ Ignbpw. F∂m¬ tkmjy-enÃv km{am-PyXz-Øn¬\n∂v ap‡n t\Sp-I-sb-∂Xv hfsc hnZq-c-amb Hcp km[yX am{X-amWv.''(3) aX-ap-‡hpw aX-hn-cp-≤-hp-amb atX-Xc-Xz-Øn\v Hcp aX-tØmSpw kln-jv-Wp-Xm]q-¿hw h¿Øn-°pI km[y-a-√. \nco-iz-chm-Z {]Imcw F√m aX-ßfpw Ah-bpsS hn-izm-k-ßfpw Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw Adp-]n¥n-cn-∏-\p-am-Wv. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp aXw imkv-{Xo-b-am-sWt∂m {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-sW-t∂m \nco-iz-cXzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. A-Xp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ aX-ß-tfm-Sp≈ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-IfpsS kao-]\w i{Xp-Xm-]-chpw D≥aq-e-\mfl--Ihpw Bbn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ Ckvem-ans‚ ÿnXn adn-®m-Wv. F√m aX-ß-fpw ASnÿm-\-]-c-ambn Ckvem-an¬\n-∂mWv D¤hn--®-Xv F∂v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZhn-Im[ym-]-\-߃°v ]Icw ]ptcmln-X≥am--cm¬ \n¿an-°-s∏´ \nb-a-ß-fmWv a\p-jyk-aq-l-Øns‚ `n∂X°v Imc-W-sa∂pw Izp¿-B≥ \nco-£n-°p-∂p. aX-߃ ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ `n∂-X am‰m≥ A-h¿°v ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ \¬I-s∏´ auenIm-[ym-]-\-ß-fn-te°v aS-ßn-h-c¬ am{XamWv GI t]mwh-gn. {]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]Tn∏n--® auen-I-amb A[ym-]-\-߃ F√mw H∂m-bn-cp∂p F∂v hyXykvX aX-k-aq-l-ßsf Izp¿-B≥ Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. a\pjysc√mw Hcm-Wn¬\n∂pw s]Æn¬-\n∂pw DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw Idp-Ø-h\v shfp-Ø-h-t\-°mfpw shfp-Ø-h\v IdpØ--h-t\-°mfpw Ad-_nt°m A\-d-_nt°m P∑-Øn-s‚tbm hwi-Øn-s‚tbm h¿K-Øns‚-tbm tZi-Øn-s‚tbm `mj-bp-tStbm ASn--ÿ m- \ - Ø n¬ Hcp- h n[ t{ijv T - X - b p- a ns√∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]-\w. GXv a-X-hn-`m-K-°m-c-\m-bmepw Ah≥ Xs‚ ktlm--Z-c-\m-sW-∂mWv Ckvem-anI hn-iz-mkw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ CXc aX-ß-sf]--‰n-bp≈ ho£W hyXym-k-ßfpw hna¿i\-ßfpw Hcp KpW-Imw£ F∂ \n-e° -- mWv

25

Izp¿-B≥ ]¶v sh°p-∂X - v. aX-Øn¬ Hcp _e-{]-tbm-Khpan√, k≥am¿Kw Zp¿am¿K-hp-ambn th¿-Xn-cn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. (Izp¿-B≥ 2:-255) F∂mWv Izp¿-Bs‚ A[ym-]-\w.

C-kvem-anI cmjv{S-ßf - n¬ Izp¿-B≥ ap-kvenw-I-f-√m-Ø-h¿°v \n¿_‘ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-b-√. \nco-iz-c-hmZw HutZym--KnI aX-ambn AwKo-I-cn® cmjv-{S-ß-fn-em-Is´ \nco-iz-c-hmZw \n¿_--‘a - mbn ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Ckv e m- a nse amXr- I m- t bm- K yamb `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-ßsf Ah-KWn®v X∂n-jvS-{]-Imcw `cn® tkzOm--[n-]-Xn-Ifpw Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsS IS-∂v t]mbXv hnkva-cn-°p-∂n-√. F∂m-¬ AØcw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ C-kvem-anI aqey-߃ ]men-°m-Øhcpw A[n-Imctamln-I-fp-am-bn-cp∂p. Ch¿ sNbvX A{I-a-߃ Ckv-em-ans‚ A°u-≠n¬ hchv sh°p--∂-Xn\v apºmbn Ch-cpsS Ncn-{X߃ am\y-hm-b-\-°m¿ ]T-\-hn-t[b--am-°-Ww. c≠v Imcy-߃ A-t∏mƒ \ap°v {Kln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1. apkv-enw \ma-[m-cn-I-fmb tkzOm-[n-]Xn-I-fpsS A{I-a-Øn\v apkvenw-Ifpw hnt[-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. 2. Ahsc A{I--a-Øn\v t{]cn-∏n® Imcy-߃°v aX-]-c-amb am\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. as‰mcp Imcyw Ckvemw hntcm[n--Iƒ \√-h-cmb apkvenw `c-W-I¿-Øm-°s - f-Ip-dn®v Zpcm-tcm-]W - ß - ƒ D-∂-bn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xm-Wv. CXv XpSßn-sh-®Xv {_n´o-jp-Im-cm-bn-cp-∂p. {_n´s‚ tImf-\n-hm-gvNsb apkvenw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ FXn¿Ø-Xmbncp-∂p AXn\v Imc-Ww. Ct∏mƒ \pW Ncn{Xw Fgp-Xp∂ tPmen Gs‰Sp--Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv Xo{h ^mjnÃv kwL-]-cn-hm-c-am-Wv. ssZh-\n-tj-[-]-c-amb atX-X-cXzw--s Im≠v A\ym- b - a mb bp≤ßfpw \oXo-I-cn-°m-\m-hØ sIme]m--X-I-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-°pI t]mbn-´-v Ipd-bp-I -t]m-ep-an-√. adn®v AsXm-cp KpW-\-{I-am-\p-]m-X-t{i-Wnt]m-se A[n-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bsX-∂mWv Ncn{Xw \tΩmSv ]d-bp∂--Xv. h¿Ø-am\ ImesØ \nco-izc˛-a-tX-X-cXz h‡m-°-fpsS Im¿an-

kpµ-c-amb hm°p-Iƒ D]tbm-Kn®v P\-ßsf sX‰p-[cn- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw {]tbm- K Øn¬ AXn\v FXncv {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kao-]\w Ckvem-an-\n-√. C-kvemw bmYm¿Yy-߃ aqSn-sh°p-Itbm hf-s®m-Sn-°p-Itbm sNømsX \ne-]mSv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. F√m aX-ßfpw H∂mWv Ft∂m GXv am¿-Kw kzoI-cn-®mepw kz¿KØn-¬ t]mIm-sat∂m Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.

2013 tabv

26

I-Xz-Øn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ cmjv{Sob sIme]m-X-I-ßfpw a‰pw hy‡am-°p-∂Xpw \ncoiz-cXz˛atX-X-cXzw am\p-jnI aqey-ß-sfb-pw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sfbpw kwc-£n-°p∂--Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏´p F∂p-am-{X-am-Wv. 2. {kjvSm-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-ep-w a\p-jys‚ kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn-te°v ssI-I-S-Øm≥ ssZh-Ønt\m aX-Ønt\m A-[n-Im-c-an-s√∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ atX-X-chm-Zn-Iƒ.

Cu ImgvN-∏mSn-ep≈ atX-X-cXzw {]Xy£-Øn¬ am\p-jnI aqey-ß-tfmtSm a\pjy-mh - I - m-iß - t - fmtSm G‰p-ap-´p-∂n-√. F-∂m¬ aXw hy‡n-bpsS kzIm-cy-Po-hn-X-Øn]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ coXn-bn-ep≈ atX-Xc-Xz-Øns‚ {]mtbm-Kn-IX F{]-Im-c-am-sW∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-hm-Øn-S-tØmfw CØc-Øn-ep≈ atX-X-c-XzsØ \n¿hNn-°pI km[y-a-√. hnizm-kw, kvt\lw, Icp-W, KpW-Imw£ XpS-ßnb KpW-߃ B¿Pn-°W-sa∂pw If-hv, NXn, h©-\, Zpcm-{K-lw, Al-¶m-cw, kzm¿YX XpS-ßnb Zqjy-߃ shSn-b-W-sa∂pw F√m aX-ßfpw AXns‚ A-\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p. CXnhnizmkw am{X-amWv am\-kn-I-amb Hcp I¿-aw. as‰√m \∑-Ifpw Xn≥a-Ifpw a\p-jys‚ `uXnI I¿a-ßfpw kmaq-lnI_m[yX-IfpsS Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb ]q¿Øo-I-c-Whp-am-Wv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\p-jy\v hy‡n]-c-am-bn-´p≈ Hcp Imcyw C√ F∂-XmWv h-kvXp-X. a\p-jys‚ P\-\-sØ-Xp-S¿-∂p≈- Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Ah≥ kaq-l-hp-ambn IqSp-X¬ CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw kaq-l-hp-ambn Cgp-In-t®-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. "hy-‡n'Ifps-S hy‡nXz cq]o-I-cWw hsc \S-°p-∂Xv k-aq-l-Øn¬ \ne-hm-c-Øn\pw G‰-°p-d-®nep-Iƒ°pw A\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂Xv

hy-‡-amb Hcp bmYm¿Yy-am-W-t√m.

Hcp hy‡n X\n-®m-Ip-tºmƒ aXim-k-\-b-\p-k-cn®v kXy-k-‘X ]pe-¿Øp-Ibpw kaq-l-Øn¬ h∂v a‰v a\p-jy-cp-ambn \S-Øp∂ CS-]m-Sp-Ifn¬ h©\ ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ Ign-bptam? hy‡n-]-c-ambn k≥am-¿-Kn-bm-Im\pw kaq-ln-I-ambn Zp¿-am-¿Kn-bm-Im\pw a\p-jy\v Ign-bptam? kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ aXw I-S∂v hccpXv F∂Xv sIm≠v F-¥mWv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv F∂v AXns‚ h-‡m-°ƒ°v Xs∂ Adn-bn-√. kXy-w, [¿aw, \oXn-]m-e-\w, B-fl-m-¿Y--X, XpS-ßnb kXvhn-Im-c-߃ kaq--l-Øn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns\ aXw kaq-l-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xmbn hy-mJym-\n-°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂mWv adp-]-Sn-sb-¶n¬ ]ns∂ kaq-l-tØmSv Rm≥ C∂ aX-°m-c-\mWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂X - n-s\tbm aX-Øns‚ Nn”߃ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-s\tbm BtWm Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv? Aßn-s\-sb¶n-¬ {]kvXpX atX-X-cXzw ]men°p-∂ Bcpw Xs∂-bn-s√∂v ]d-tb≠n hcpw. hy‡n-]-c-ambn sslµh--hn-izm-k-ap-≈-bmfpw Ckvem-anI ho-£-W-ap-≈-bmfpw {InkvXp-aX hnizm-knbpw kaq-l-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏Sp-∂Xv Ahs‚ aX-Øns‚ te_tem-Sv IqSn Xs∂. ]c-ky-ambn \ncoiz-c-hmZw {]Jym-]n-®-bmƒ t]mepw C-Xn¬\n∂v ap‡-\√ - . ImcWw ssZh hnizm-kn°v hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn--ÿm-\-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°m≥ AhIm-ia - n-s√-¶n¬ \nco-iz-ch - n-izm-kn°v Abm-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ hn[n ]dbm\pw Ah-Im-i-an-√. ImcWw atXX-cXzw sIm≠v km£m-XvIr-X-am-Ip∂ ka-Xz-Øn\v FXn-cm-W-Xv. CX√m-Ø as‰mcp cq]w aXw "kmaq-lnI--Po-hn-XØ - n-en-Ss - ]-Sc - pXv' F∂v hymJym--\n-°-s∏-Sp∂ atX-X-c-Xz-Øn-\ps≠--¶n¬ AXns‚ h‡m-°ƒ Nq≠n--°m-Wn-°-W-sa∂v Xm¬]-cy-s∏Sp--∂p. aX-ap-‡-cmb cmjv{So-b-]m¿´nI-ƒ t]mepw ÿm\m¿Ynsb \n¿Øp--tºmƒ {]tZ-iØv `qcn-]-£-ap≈- aX-°msc PmXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm\-Øn¬ Xs∂ \ma-\n¿tZiw sNøp∂Xv Nncn°v hI \¬Ip-∂p.

3. F√m aX hnizm-k-߃°pw

GI- \ mb A√m- l p- h ns\ am{Xw Bcm-[n-°-W-sa∂v ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p∂ Ckv e mapw, ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip≤m-flm-hp-amb aq∂v ssZhßsf Bcm-[n-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp∂ {InkvXp-a-X-hpw, ap∏-Øn-ap-t°mSn ssZh-ßfp≈ lnµp- a - X hpw Htc t]mse kXy- a m- h p- ∂ - s Xßs\?

2013 tabv

27

Xp-ey {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂p F∂v Ah-Imi-s∏-Sp∂ atX-X-cXzw. C¥y≥ atX-X-cXzw Cu aq∂mw hn`mK-Øn¬ s]Sp∂p F∂mWv Ah-Im-i-s∏Sp-∂-Xv. 1950 P\p-hcn 26-\v AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ skIyp-e-dnkw F∂ hm°v BI-kvan-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®psh-∂-√msX Hcp `c-W-L-S\m Bi-b-ambn Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cp-∂n-√. tIm¨Ãn-‰yp-j\ - m-bXn-\p-ti-jhpw skIyp-e-dnkw F∂ `c-WL--S\ Bibw C¥y≥ P\-߃ Hcp s]mXp N¿®-bn-eqsS a\- n-em-°n-bn-´n-√. Hcp dn-∏-ªn-°mbn 26 h¿j-߃°v tijw 1976-emWv \m¬]-Øn-c≠mw `c-W-L-S\m t`ZK- X n- b n- e qsS skIyp- e - d nkw BZy- a mbn C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ Dƒ∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. F-¶nepw ]Sn-™m-d≥ temIØv hnh-£n°-s∏-´Xv t]mse aX-hn-cp-≤-amb Hcp Pohn-X ]≤-Xn-bm-b√ C¥y≥ atX-X-c-XzsØ s]mXpsh a\- n-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. C¥y-bpsS _lp-aX kwkvIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂ cmjv{Sob kmaqly ImgvN∏m-Sp-Iƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn Hcp aX-tØmSpw {]tXy-I-amb aa-Xtbm hnth-N-\tam ]p-e¿-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-I F∂mWv ]e tZiob t\Xm--°≥amcpw apºv hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ C¥y≥ atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v Jfin-Xam-b Hcp \n¿hN\w \mfn-Xp-hsc \¬Is∏-´-n-´n-√ F∂Xv sIm≠p-Xs∂ Hmtcm-cpØcpw kz¥w am\-knI \ne-hm-c-Øn-\-\pk--cn®v sIm≠v C¥y≥ atX-X-c-XzsØ hnh--£n-°p-∂p. atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v H∂n-e-[nIw `mjy-߃ \¬Ip-∂Xv bp‡n-lo-\-am-sW∂pw F√m aX-ß-sfbpw _lp-am-\n°pw F∂-coXn-bn-ep≈ atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ \n¿hN\w a-

X -]£]mXn-Xz-amWv F∂pw tPm¿Pv tlmfn-tbm°v atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v \¬-Inb \n¿hN-\-amb "`c-W-Iq-SØn-\v aX-an√' F∂ \n¿hN\w am{X-sa AXn-\p≈q F∂pw ka¿Yn®p--sIm-s≠-gp-Xnb ae-bmfw hn°n]o-Un-b- teJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: "djy≥ Du¿-P-X-{¥hpw Ata-cn°-≥ _tbm-f-Pnbpw C√m-ØXv t]mse C¥y°v am{X-am-sbmcp atX-Xc-Xzhpw bp‡n-lo-\-amWv'(4) imkv{X-sØbpw kn≤m-¥-sØbpw H∂mbn D]-an® teJ-Is‚ bp‡n-lo-\X {]kvXpX teJ-\-Øn\n- g - e n- ° p- ∂ p- s ≠- ¶ nepw C¥y≥ atX- X - c - X zw hyXy- k v X - c o- X n- b nhymJym-\n-°m≥ Hcp-]mSv ]gp-Xp-Ifp-s≠∂v {]kvXpX teJ\w \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. am{X-hp-a√, lnµp Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fpsS ta¬t\m-´Ø-nepw Im¿an-IX - z-Ønepw \S-°p∂ t_mw_v kvt^mS-\-ßfpw hwi-lXy-Ifpw \sΩ Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂-Xv `cW-IqSw Xpey-]-cn-K-W\ F√m aX߃°pw \¬Ip-∂p-s≠-¶nepw `qcn]£w hcp∂ kaqlw AXv AwKoI-cn-°p-∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. {]kw-Kß - fnepw {]kvXm-h-\-I-fnepw kpµ-c-amb C¥y≥ atX-X-c-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v {]-kw-Kn-°p-∂-h-cpsS I¨ap-ºnXs∂-bmWv _m_dn akvPnZv X-I¿-°-s∏-´Xpw Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew Ign--™n´pw k¿°m¿ AXv ]p-\-¿\n-¿a-n-°m-Ø-Xpw. kpµ-c-amb Bi-b-Øns‚ {]Nmc-I-cmbn amdp-∂-h¿ Xs∂ {]mtbm-

{_m“-W-s\tbm iq{Z-s\tbm Nfim-f-t\tbm Ipdn-®√ Ckvemw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu temIsØ lnµphpw {In-kvXym-\nbpw blq-Z\pw ssP\-\pw _p≤\pw kn°p-Imc\pw ]mgvknbpw F∂p-th≠ aX-ap-≈-h\pw C√m-Øh\pw Cuiz-cs\ \ntj-[n°p∂ \mkvXn-I\pw BcmI-s´ F√m-hcpw Hcm-Wn-¬\n-∂pw s]Æn-¬\ - n-∂pw D¤hn-®-XmWv F∂mWv Ckv-emans-‚ {]Jym-]-\w.

2013 tabv

28

Kn--I-ambn F¥mWv atX-X-cXzw F∂v sXfnbn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. kXy-Øn¬ CXn¬ henb A¤p-X-sam-∂p-an-√. PmXo-bXbpw D®-\o-N-Xz-ßfpw hns´m-gn-bmØ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ P∑\m Xmgv∂-h\mbpw Db¿∂-h-\mbpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. a-tX-X-cXzw F∂ ]Zw hym]-I-am-bn´pw PmXo--b-amb Cu hnth-N\w C∂pw \ne-\n-¬°p-∂p. hm°p-I-sfbpw hmN-I-ß-ssfbpw h-fsc kpµ-c-ambn tIm¿Øn-W°nbpw hnImcm-[o-\-X-tbm-sS-bp-amWv C¥y≥ atX-X-cXz-sØ-°p-dn®v \oXn-]m-e-Icpw kmwkvImcn-I \mb-Icpw cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°≥amcpw \ap°v apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F-∂m¬ \mw A£-c-߃ tN¿Øv h®v `mh-\mfl--Ia - mbn a\- n-em-°nb atX-Xc - X - z-hp-ambn Hcn-°epw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SpI t]mbn´v tIhe-samcp Xmc-X-ay-Øn\v t]mepw ]gp-Xn-√mØ aX-k-ao-]-\-ß-fmWv atX-X-c-Xzhpw \m\m-Xz-Øn¬ GI-Xzhpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂h--cn¬\n∂pw A[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]-et∏m-gpw D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv. ""k¿°m¿ hnZym-`ymk kwhn-[m-\-Øn\v Io- g n- e p≈ _rl- Ø mb kam- ¥ - c - h n- Z ym`ymk kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ i‡n {]m-]n-°p-∂p-≠v. 1977-¬ B¿.Fkv.Fkv ÿm]n® hnZym- ` m- c Xn (hn- Z ym- ` m- c Xn AJn¬ `mc- X ob in£≥ k≥kv X ≥) lrZ-b-ß-fn-¬ h¿Ko-b-X-bp-sSbpw lnµp tZio- b - h m- Z - Ø n- s ‚bpw hnj- h n- Ø p- I ƒ ]mIp-∂p-≠v. C-h-cpsS 28000tØmfw hcp∂ hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ GXm≠v 1,60,000-tØmfw A[ym-]I - ¿ - tPmen sNøp-∂p. antkm-dm-anHgnsI C-¥y-bn¬ F√m kwÿm-\Øpw hnZym-`m-c-Xn ÿm]-\-ß-fp-≠v. lnµpXz {]Xybimkv{X-tØmSpw tZiob-X-tbmSpw A¿∏W at\m-`m-h-ap≈ Hcp Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Hcp tZiob hnZym-`ymk kwhn-[m\w hf¿Ønsb-Sp-°p-I-bmWv Xß-fpsS e£y-sa∂v hnZym-`m-cXn A¿Y-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w hy‡-am-°p-∂p. hnZym-`m-c-Xn-bpsS hyhÿm--]n-X-amb hf¿® hnZym-`ymk taJ-ebn¬ ]nSn-ap-dp-°p-∂-Xns\ kwL-]-cn-hmcw F-¥p-am{Xw Kuc-h-Øn-emWv ImWp-∂Xv F∂-Xn\v hy‡-amb sXfn-hm-Wv. hnZym-`mc--Xnsb IqSmsX Hmtcm kwÿm-\-Øn-s‚bpw {]tZ-i-Øn-s‚bpw kmaq-lnI cm-jv-{Sob khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ°\p-k-cn®v hyXy-kvX\m-a-ß-fn¬ ]cn-hm-c-Øns‚ hnZym-e-b-߃ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. kc-kzXn inip-a-µn¿,

`m- c - X ob hnZym- \ n- t I- X ≥, KoXm hnZym--e-b, kc-kzXn _me-hn-Zym-eb XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-Ww. 1966-¬-Xs∂ hnZym-`m-cXn ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßsf--°p-dn®v F≥.kn.C.B¿.Sn \SØnb Hcp ]T-\-Øn¬, {]kvXpX kw-kvIm-cs - Ø-°p-dn-®p≈ hnZym-`ym-kw F∂ t]cn¬ ]c-aX hntZz-jhp-w aX-{`m-¥p-amWv hnZym¿Yn-I-fnte-°v ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-sX∂v Nq≠n--°m-Wn-®n-cp-∂p. 1528-\pw 1914\pw CS-bn¬ "cma-P-∑-`qan' Ip-d-™Xv 77 Xh-W-sb-¶nepw Itø-d-s∏-´p.

CXn-\n-S-bn¬ aq∂-c-e-£-tØmfw `‡-∑m¿ CXv {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\mbn kz-Po-hn≥ _en-I-gn-®p XpS-ßnb A-k-Xyhpw aX-hn-tZzjw hf¿Øp∂-Xp-amb `mK-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A∂v Xs∂ Btcm-]-W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cmPy--Øp-S-\ofw Cu kvIqfp-I-fn¬ GIo--IrX kne-_k - mWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂-Xv. \nc-£-cX C√m-Xm-°m≥ th≠n-bp≈ k¿°m-¿ {Kmt‚mSv IqSnbp-≈ A\u-]-Nm-cnI GIm-[ym-]I hnZym-e-b-ß-fnepw kwL-]-cn-hm-cØn\pw Ah-cpsS h¿Kob AP-≠I-ƒ°pw Imcy-amb kzm[o-\-ap-≠v. a-[y-{]-tZ-iv, OØo-kvKUv XpS-ßnb kwÿm-\-ß-fn-enXv GXm≠ ]q¿W-a-m-Wv. CØcw hnZym-e-b-ß-fn"k-c-kzXn hµ-\hpw' a‰v sslµ-ht«m--I-ßfpw b⁄-ßfpw \n¿_‘n-X-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. a[y{]--tZ-in¬ 2007s‚ XpS-°-Øn-¬-Xs∂ "kqcy-\-a-kvImcw' \n¿_-‘-am°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv 2009-¬ D®-`-£W--Øn\v apºv hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ kw-kvIr--X-t«m-I-amb "t`mP-\-a{¥w' Dcphn-S-W-sa∂pw \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-´p. C°--gn™ G{]n-en¬ Nulm≥ k-¿°-m¿ F√m hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw \n¿_‘--ambpw "KoXm-kmcw' ]Tn-°-W-sa∂v DØ-c-hn-´p. CXn-s\-Xnsc Nne kw-L-S-\-Iƒ tImSXnsb kao-]ns®--¶nepw Hcp GImwK _©v k¿°m-¿ DØ-chv icn-h-®p. ChnsS kwÿm\ k¿hI-em-im-e-Iƒ kwL]--cn-hm-c-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-W-ß-fp-sS ]co- £ - W - i m- e - I - f m- s W∂p a\pjym-h-Imi {]h¿Ø-I¿ Btcm-]W-ap-∂-bn-°p∂p.''(5) C¥y≥ atX-X-cXzw t\cn-Sp∂ {]-

A\o- X nbpw AXn- { I- a - ß fpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-\mbn am{Xw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ Ckv-em-anI bp≤-ß-fn¬-t]mepw ]c-aX klnjvWpX hy‡-ambn {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Bcm-[\ - m-eb - ß - ƒ XI¿°cp-sX∂pw Bcm-[\m\na-·cm-b-hsc D]-{Z-hn-°-cp-sX∂pw Ckvem-ans‚ bp≤-\n-ba-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

2013 tabv

29

[m-\ sh√p-hn-fn-I-fn-sem-∂mWv \mw hm-bn®-Xv. h¿Ko-b-hm-Zn-I-fpsS am{Xw A°u-≠n¬ tN¿°m-hp-∂-XmWv CsX-¶n¬ Biz-kn°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ \nba˛`-c-W-kw-hn[m-\ß - ƒ hsc C¥y≥ atX-Xc - X - zsØ tNmZyw sNøp∂ coXn-bn¬ FØ-s∏-´p-sh-¶nC¥y≥ atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ A¿Yhpw bmYm¿Yyhpw F¥v F∂ tNmZyw ]ns∂-bp-w Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p.

Ckvemapw atX-Xc - X - zhpw atX-X-cXzw F∂ hm°n-\-∏p-dØv aXß--fp-sSbpw Z¿i-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]c-kv]-cap≈ kao-]-\-co-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®mWv \mw CXp-hsc N¿® sNbvX-Xv. Ckvem-ans‚ ]ca-X kao-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-Iƒ°v apºmbn Ckvemw F∂m¬ F¥mWv F∂v km-am-\y-co-Xn-bn¬ Adntb≠-Xp-≠v. F-∂m¬ am{Xsa atX-X-cXz N¿®-Iƒ A[-c-hymbm-aß - f - n¬\n∂v ap‡-ambn {]mtbm-Kn-IP - ohn-X-Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bq. {]]-©-Ønse kI-e-N-cm-N-c-߃°pw Ir-Xy-amb hyh-ÿbpw I¿a-ßfpw \n›bn-® {]]© {kjvSmhv a\p-jys\ Cu `qanbn¬ Pohn- ° m≥ \ntbm- K n- ® - X p- ap- X ]men-t°-≠p∂ \nb-a-߃ \¬In-s°m-≠ncp-∂p. a\p-jy¿°v ssZhn-I-k-tµ-i-߃ \¬-Ip-∂X - n\v th≠n A√mlp a\p-jy-cn¬\n∂p Xs∂-bmWv am¿K-Z¿in-Isf Xnc-s™Sp-Ø-Xv. BZysØ a\p-jys\ AYhm apgph≥ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw ]nXm-hn-s\-bmWv H∂masØ am¿K-Z¿in-bmbn A√mlp \ntbmKn-®-Xv. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ hnImk ]cnW-ma L´-ß-fn-se√mw A√mlp A{]-Imcw Hmtcm am¿K-Z¿in-Isf \ntbm-Kn-®p. B am¿-K-Z¿in-I-fm-bn-cp∂p \_n-am¿ AYhm {]hm--N-I≥am¿. ]e tZi-ß-fn¬, kaq-l-ß-

fn-¬ ]e Ime-ß-fn¬ e£-Øn-¬]-cw {]hm-NI - h - c - y≥am¿ P∑w-sIm-≠p. {]hm-N-I≥ \ntbm-Kn-X-cm-hmØ Hcp kaq-lhpw Ign-™p-t]m-bn-´n-s√∂v Izp¿-B≥ {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p (Izp¿-B≥ 16:36). {]hm-N-I≥am¿ F√mw ]Tn-∏n-®Xv Htc ktµ-i-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]- h m- N I IÆn- b nse Ah- k m- \ sØ {]hm-N-I-\mWv apl-ΩZv \-_n. At±-l-Øn\v {kjvSm-hmb A√m-lp Ah-X-cn-∏n®v sImSpØ {KŸ-am-Ip∂p Izp¿-B≥. a\p-jy¿°v icn-bmb hnizm-khpw h{I-X-bn-√mØ I¿a-ßfpw a\pjy{]Ir-Xn°v A-\p-tbm-Py-amb \nba \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw Izp¿-B\ - n-eqsS a\p-jy-hw-iØ - n\v A√mlp \¬In. Izp¿-B-\nse h-N-\-߃°v {]mtbm-KnI cq]w kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS apl-ΩZv ImWn--®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. apl-ΩZv \-_n-°p tijw C\n-sbmcp {]hm-N-I≥ hcm\n-√m-ØXpsIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v A-h-Xo¿W-amb {KŸw Hcp am‰Øn-cp-Øe - p-an-√msX temIm-hk - m\w hsc \ne-\n¬°p-sa∂v Izp¿-B-\neqsS A√mlp Adn-bn-®p. CXmWv C-kvemw. Ckvemw apl-ΩZv \_n ÿm]n® aX-a-√-. adn®v a\p-jym-cw`w apX¬ \ne-\n-∂p-t]m∂ ssZhnI am-¿K-Z¿i-\-amWv Ckvemw. A-√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""\qln-t\mSv A\p-im-kn-®n-´p-≠mbn--cp-∂Xpw Znhy-kt - µiw hgn C-t∏mƒ Xm¶-fn-te-°-b-®n-´p-≈Xpw C_vdm-low, aqk, Cuk F∂n-h-tcm-S\p-im-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xp-amb AtX kXyk-cWn Xs∂ \n߃°v \nb-an®v X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu kXy-aX - sØ \ne-\n¿Øp-I. CXn¬ `n∂n-°-cpXv.''(6) Ckvemw ssZh-t{]m-‡-amb aXam-bX - p- s - Im-≠p-Xs - ∂ AXnse Bib-߃ kpXm-cy-am-Wv. ""CXm-Ip∂ {K-Ÿw CXn¬ kwi-bta C√. kq£v-am-ep-°ƒ°v am¿K-Z¿i-\-am-WnXv.''(7) kpµ-c-amb hm°p-Iƒ D]-tbmKn®v P\-ßsf sX‰p[cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw {]tbm- K - Ø n¬ AXn\v FXncv {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ k-ao]\w Ckvem-an-\n-√. Ckvemw bmYm¿-Yy--߃ aqSn-sh-°p-Itbm hf-s®m-

A`n-{]mbkzmX{¥yw F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ shdpsX hmb sIm≠v ]d-bm-\p≈ kzmX{¥y-am-sW-∂mWv A¿Y-am°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv alØm-sbmcp Bi-b-sam-∂p-a√. A`n-{]mbw \ymb-sa-¶nAXv \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ k∂-≤-X-bp-≈n-SØv am{Xsa A`n-{]m-b-kzm-X-{¥yw AwKoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v ]dbm-≥ Ign-bq.

2013 tabv

Sn-°p-It - bm sNømsX \ne-]mSv hy‡-am-°p∂p. F√m a-X-ßfpw H∂mWv Ft∂m GXv am¿Kw kzoI-cn-®mepw kz¿K-Øn¬ t]mImsat∂m C-kvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. Izp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p: ""A√m-lp-hn¬ kzoIm-cy-amb aXw C-kv-emw am{X-am-Ip∂p.''(8) P\-ß-fpsS Iø-Sn-bpw ]qam-ebpw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n k¿haX kXy-hmZw {]kw-Kn-°p∂ aX-t\X-m-°ƒ hsc Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃ hgn Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßsf \ntj-[n°p--∂-h-cm-Wv. k¿ha-X-k-Xy-hm-Z-Øns‚ h‡m-°ƒ Ah-cpsS aX-Øn¬ XpS-cp-∂Xpw AXn¬ A`n-am-\n-°p-∂Xpw AXns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Isf BI¿jn-°p-∂Xpw Ah¿ kz¥w aXsØ D∂-Xhpw al-Ø-c-hp-ambn ImWp-∂-XvsIm-≠m-Wv. As√-¶n-¬-X-s∂ GI-\mb A√m-lp-hns\ am-{Xw Bcm-[n°--W-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Ckvemapw, ]n-Xmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip--≤m-flm-hp-amb aq∂v ssZ-h-ßsf B-cm-[n-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp∂ {In-kv-Xp-a-X-hpw, ap∏-Øn-ap-t°mSn ssZh-ßfp≈ lnµp-a-Xhpw AXn¬Xs∂ Pohm-flmhpw ]c-am-flmhpw H∂m-sW-∂v kn≤m-¥n°p-∂ AssZz-X-hpw Cuiz-ct\ Cs√∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂ IWmZ Z¿i-\hpw (Nm¿hm-Iw) H-tc t]mse kXy-am-hp-∂-sX-ßs\?

Ckvemw am{X-amWv bYm¿Y tam-£a-- m¿-K-sa∂v {]kvXm-hn-°p∂ Izp¿-B-\n¬-Xs∂ CX-c-k-aq-l-tØmSv kln-jvWp-X-tbmS-pw kmtlm-Z-cy-tØm-sSbpw h¿Øn-°-Wsa-∂p-IqSn ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""a\p-jysc \nß-fpsS \mYs\ kq-£n-

30

°p-I. Hscm‰ Bflm-hn¬-\n-∂v \nß-sf krjvSn-°p-Ibpw AtX Bflm--hn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ AXns‚ C-Wsb krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Ah c≠n-¬\n--∂p-ambn [mcmfw kv{Xo]p-cp-j-≥am-sc temIØv hym]n-°p-I-bpw sNbv-X-h-\s{X Ah≥.''(9) a\p-jy-cn¬ Db¿∂-h-\m-b {_m“-W-s\tbm Xmgv∂-h-\mb iq{Zs\-tbm a\p-jyt\ A√mØ N-fimf-t\tbm Ipdn-®√ Ckvemw ]d-bp∂--Xv. Cu temIsØ lnµphpw {InkvXym-\nbpw blq-Z\pw ssP-\-\p-w _p≤\pw kn°p-Im-c\pw ]mgvk - n-bpw F∂p-th≠ aX-ap-≈-h\pw C-√m-Øh\pw Cuiz-cs\ \ntj-[n-°p∂ \mkvXn-I\pw Bcm-Is´ F√m-hcpw Hcm-Wn¬\n∂pw s]Æn¬\n∂pw D¤hn-®-Xm-Wv F∂ {]Jym-]-\w.

Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m-≠nepw a\p-jy-s\ X´p-I-fm°n hn`-Pn-°p∂ Pm-Xo-b-X-°pw h¿Wm-{ia [¿a-Øn\pw atX-X-c-Xz-Ø-ns‚ tae-¶n-b-Wnbn-®XpsIm-≠p-am{Xw D®-\o-NXzw Ah-km-\n-°-n-√. sh≈-°m-cs‚ ap¥nb tlm´-ep-I-fn¬ IdpØ h¿K°m--c-\v {]th-i-\m-\p-aXn \ntj-[n°p∂ \mK-cnI ]m›m-Xy≥ kwkvIm--csØ ]cn-h-¿-Øn--∏n-°m≥ \ncoiz-c atX-XchmZ-Øn\v I-gn-™-Xpan--√. ]s£ ]Xn-\mev \q‰m-≠p-I-ƒ°p-apºv Izp¿-B-\n¬ AXv {]Jym]n-°-s∏´p F∂v am{X-a√ km£mXvI-cn-°-s∏-´p. FtXym-]y-°m-c-\mb I-dpØ _nem¬ D∂-X-Ip-e-Pm-X\m-b A_q-_-°¿, t]¿jy-°m-c\mb k¬am≥ F∂n-ß-s\ F{X-

a[y-]q¿h tZisØ {In-kvXp-aX hnizm-kn-Iƒ ap-kvenw `c-W-Øn\v Iogn¬ kºq-¿W kzmX-{¥yw A\p-`hn-®n-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠pXs∂ tdma-°m-cpsS a¿ZI `c-W-tØ-°mƒ \√Xv C-kvem-ans‚ B[n-]-Xy-amWv F∂v Xpd∂v ]d-bm\pw Ah-cnse DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏-´-h¿ a-SnIm-Wn-®n-√.

2013 tabv

31

sb{X a\p-jy¿ hyXykvX kw-kvImcw ioen--®-h¿, {Kmao-W¿, \K-c-hm--kn-Iƒ Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√msX D®-\o-N-Xz-ß-fn-√msX AXm-bn-cp∂p Izp¿-Bs‚ B-ibw kaq-lØn-¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®p-sIm-≠v {]hm-N-I≥ h-f¿Øn-sb-SpØ kaq-lw. {]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂ a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ D]-an-®Xv No-¿∏-ns‚ ]√p-Iƒ t]mse Xpey-cm-Wv F√m a\pj-ycpw F∂m-Wv. {]hm-N-Is‚ ImeØv am{Xw D≠m-tI≠ Hcp Ah-ÿ-bm-b√ Ckvemw AXns\ I-≠-Xv adn®v Ah-km\ \mfphsc Ckvemans‚ kmaq-ln-I-Im-gvN-∏mSv AØ-c-Øn-ep≈-Xmh-Ww. F√m-hcpw Htc-h¿K-°m¿, Hcp Ip-Spw-_-Ønse AwK-߃. {]hm-N-I≥ ]d-™p: ""\n›bw \nß-fpsS ssZhw GI\m-Wv \nß-fp-sS-sb√mw ]nXmhpw Hcmƒ Xs∂. F√mhcpw BZ-an¬\n-∂p-≈h - c - mWv; B-Z-am-Is´ aÆn¬\n∂pw. AXn-\m¬ shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-Ø-h-t\-°mtfm Ad-_n°v A-\-d-_n-tb-°mtfm bmsXmcp t{ijvT-Xbp-an√; ssZh-`-‡n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√msX.''(10) {]hm-N-I≥ GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS ktµ-iw P\-ß-tfmSv {]t_m-[\w sNbvXt∏m-ƒ At±-l-Øns‚ P\X At±-lsØ h-[n-°m≥ KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øn. CXv a\ n-em-°nb {]hm-N-I≥ ssZh-\n¿tZim-\pk-cWw P\n® \m´n¬\n∂v ]mem-b\w sNbvXp. i{Xp-°ƒ At±-lsØ hnSm≥ Hcp°--a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXnb Xma-k-ÿ-eØpw A--h¿ {]hm-N-Is\ D]-{Z-hn-°m-s\-Øn. kXy--hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v BZ¿i kwc-£-W-Øn\v th≠n bp≤m-\-paXn \¬I-s∏-´p. kXy{]-hm-N-I\v {]]© {kjvSm-hns‚ Dt±-iy-a-\p-k-cn®v hnPbw e`n-®p. 10 h¿j-߃°ptijw Xs∂ tZtlm-]{- Z-ht - a¬]n-°p-Ibpw A-]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw h[n-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-X \m´p-Im¿ {]hm-N-Is‚ cm-jv{So--bm-[n-Im-c-Øn≥ Iogn-em-bn. H∂-S¶w Ahsc D≥aq-e\w sNøm-am-bn-cp-∂n-´pw {]hm--N-I≥ AXv sNbvXn-√. {]-hm--N-Is‚ aX-sØ FXn¿Ø-h¿ {]-hm-N-I≥ ITn-\ambn shdp-°p-Ibpw G‰hpw A[nIw hn-a¿-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvX BNm-c-amb hn{K-lmcm-[\ kzo-I-cn-®-h¿. {]hm-N-I≥ A∂m-´pIm-¿°v s]mXp-am∏v \¬In. Ncn-{X-ØnXp-ey-X-bn-√mØ DZm-c-amb k-ao-]-\w- ssIs°m≠v A¥y-\mƒ h-sc-bp≈ kIe a\pjy-¿°pw am-Xr-I ImWn-®p. Cu HuZm-cyØ-n\v \-_nsb t{]cn-∏n-®Xv atX-X-cXzw F-∂ Bi-b-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. aXw X-s∂--bm-

bn-cp-∂p. AsX Ckvemw aX-Øns‚ Ah-km-\sØ {]hm-NI - ≥ Ahk-m\ thZ-{K-Ÿ-amb Izp¿-B-\n-I kq-‡-߃°v Pohn-Xw-sIm≠v `mjy-w cNn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. `qcn-]£w hcp∂ _lp-ssZh-hnizm-kn-Iƒ apkvenw-Isf ssZhn-I-\nb-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m≥ kΩXn-®n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ apkvenw-I-ƒ°v B[n-]Xyw e`n-®-t∏mƒ F√m a-X° -- m¿°pw Bcm-[\m kzmX{¥yw A-\p-h-Zn-®p. Ckvem-an\v \qdv iXam--\w B[n-]X - y-ap≈ Hcp cmjv{S-Ønse \nb-a-߃°v ASn-ÿm-\-amb Izp-¿-B-\nse hN-\-߃ {i≤n-°p. ""aX-Øn¬ Hcp hn[ \n¿_-‘hp-an-√. k≥am¿Kw Zp¿am¿Kß-fn\n-∂v th¿Xn-cn™v Ign-™n-cn-°p∂p.''(11) ""Xm¶ƒ hnfw-_cw sNøpI: CXv \n--ß-fpsS c£n-Xm-hn¬\n-∂p≈ kXy--am-Ip-∂p. CjvSa - p-≈h - ¿°nXv kzoI-cn°mw CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°v \ntj[n°mw.''(12) {]hm-N-I\v t]mepw ssZhn-I-ktµ-iw FØn-°pI F∂-Xn¬ Ihn™v P\-ßsf \n¿_-‘n®v aXw kz-o-I-cn-∏n-°m≥ A\p-hm-Z-an-s√∂pw Izp-¿-B≥ A¿Y-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√mØ hn-[w {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. ""ssZhnI ktµiw kv]jvSa - mbn Adn-bn-°-e-√msX as‰-s¥-¶nepw ssZh-Zq-X≥am-cpsS _m[y-X-bn-eqt≠m?''(13) ""AYhm Ah¿ ]n¥n-cn-™p-t]mhp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \ns∂ Ah-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-°m-c-\mbn \mw \ntbm-Kn®n--´n-√. ktµiw FØn-t°-≠ _m[y-X am{Xsa \n\-°p≈q.''(14) ""ktµiw hy‡-ambn FØn-®pX--cp∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw am{Xsa \-ΩpsS ZqX-\p-≈q.''(15) ""P\-߃ hnizm-kn-If - m-hm≥ Xm¶ƒ Ahsc \n¿_-‘n-°p-I-tb-m?

A√mlp Dt±-in-®m-e-√msX Bcpw hn-iz-kn-°n√.''(16) ""\_ntb Xm¶ƒ DZvt_m-[n-∏n®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I. Xm¶ƒ DZvt_m[-I≥ am{X-am-Wv. Ahsc \n¿_‘n®v t\¿am¿K-Øn-em-°-p∂hs\m-

Ckvem-an-s\bpw AXns‚ t{kmX- p-I-sfbpw kXy-k‘-amb Ncn-{X-am]n-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-]Tn-®m¬ C-kvem-ans‚ kXy-Xbpw ssZhnI-Xbpw kuµ-cyhpw a\- nem- I pw. Ie¿∏n- √ mØ Pehpw ip≤-amb hmbphpw kpXm- c y- a mb shfn- ® hpw \mw Xnc- s ™- S p- ° p- ∂ Xv t]mse Ie¿∏n-√mØ hnizmk-hpw \mw Xnc-s™-Sp-t°≠-Xm-Wv F∂mWv _p≤n \tΩmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

2013 tabv

32

∂p-a√ Xm¶ƒ.''(17) CX-c-a-X-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Ckvem-ans‚ kao]-\-߃°v cq]w sImSp-°p∂ Izp¿-B-\nI hN-\-ß-fn¬ Nne-XmWv apI-fn-ep-≤-cn-®-Xv. a-\pjy≥ GXm≠v GXv hnizm-km-Z¿i-߃ ssIs°m-≈p-∂-Xn\pw ASn-ÿm-\-Im-cWw A√m-lp-hns‚ \n›-b-am-sW∂v Izp¿B-≥ a\p-jy-sc ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠p--Xs∂ am\p-jn-I-amb CS-]m-Sp-I-fnsImSp-°¬ hmß-ep-I-fn¬ kl-I-c-Whpw hn´p-ho-gvNbpw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-Xa - m-sW-∂p- w hn`m-Kob Nn¥-Iƒ°v AhnsS ÿm\-an-s√∂p-amWv Izp¿-B≥ \¬Ip∂ ktµiw. Gsd ]mSn ]pI-gvØ-s∏-Sp∂ atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ h‡m-°-fpsS atX-X-cXz kao-]\w hntZz-j-߃°pw D≥aq-e\ {]{In-b-Iƒ°pw Imc-W-am-b-t∏mƒ Ckvem-ans‚ aX-k-ao-]\-߃ kln-jvWp-Xm-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

CXn\v Imc-Ww hy‡n-]-c-ambn B-tcmSpw i{XpX ]pe¿Øp-∂n√ F-∂-Xm-Wv. Xn∑--I-tfmSv am{X-amWv C-kvemw i{XpX ]pe-¿Øp-∂X - v. i-{Xp-°ƒ hsc Bfl-an-{X-ßfm-I-W-sa-∂mWv Ckvemw B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv. "Xn∑sb \-∑-sIm≠v {]Xn-tcm-[n--°pI A-t∏m-ƒ \ns‚ G‰hpw henb i{Xp \ns‚ Bfl-an-{X-ambn Xocpw' F∂-m-Wv Izp¿B\ns‚ A-[ym-]-\w. {]hm-N-Is‚ I-SpØ F-Xn--cm-fnbpw At±-lsØ hI-h-cp-Øm≥ ]pd-s∏-´-h-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Da¿. D-a-dns‚ am\km-¥-cØ -- n\v th≠n-bmWv {]hm-N-I≥ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv {]m¿Yn-®X - v. ITn-\i - {- Xp-hmb D-a¿ ]n-∂oSv {]hm-N-Is‚ ASpØ A\pN-c-\mbn amdn-bXv N-cn-{Xw. apkvenw hntcm[w {]kw-Kn-°p-I-bp-w ]≈n--Iƒ XI¿°m≥ AWn-I-sf Blzm\w sNøp-Ibpw hwi-l-Xy--Isf \ymbo-I-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂ F{Xtbm lnµpXz t\-Xm-°-fp-≠v. \tc{µ tamUn, {]ho-¨ sXmKm-Un-b, A[zm\n Xp-Sßn tIc-f-Øn-se iin-Ie So®¿ hsc CkvemwaX hntZzjw ]c-ky-ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bpw X¬]-c-I-£nI-ƒ AXv C‚-¿-s\-‰n-eqsS {]N-cn∏n--°p-Ibpw sN-øp--∂p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw CØcw B-fp--I-tfmSv Rm\-S-°ap≈ apkvenw-Iƒ°v hntbm-Pn∏pw F-Xn¿∏p-ap≠v; hf-sc-b-[n-Iw. F∂m-¬ Ckvem-an-s\--°p-dn®v \njv-]£-ambn ]Tn®v kXyw a\- n-em°n ssZh-am¿K-Øn-te°v Ch¿ IS-∂ph-∂m¬ apºv sN-bvX A{I-a-߃ Im-cWw R߃ A-h-cpsS Ckvemam-t«-j-W-Øn\v Hcp {]Xn-_-‘-amIp-I-bn-√. F∂pam-{X-a√ kz¥w ktlm-Z-c-ß-sf-t]m-se R߃ kzoIcn-°pw. CXv ]d-bm--\p≈ ImcWw apkvenw-Iƒ \yq-\-]-£-am-b-Xp-sIm≠-√, A¥y-{]-hm-N-Is‚ ]mT-߃ Dƒs°m-≠-Xn-\m-em-Wv. Atd-_ybn¬ Ckvem-an\v Bflo-bhpw cmjv-{So-b-hp-amb A[n-Imcw ssIh-∂t∏mƒ {]hm-N-Is‚ ]n-Xr-hy\mb lwksb Hfn-b-sº-bv-Xv NXn-bnsIm-es - ∏-Sp-Ønb h-lvi - n F∂-bmƒ C-kvemw Bt«-jn-®p-. ]q¿hIme apkvenw-Iƒ°pw {]hm--N-I\pw Hcn-°epw ad-°m-\m-hm-Ø \jvS-߃°pw Zpx-J߃°pw Im-c-W-amb hlvin A∂pap-X¬ Ckvem-anI kaq-lØ - nse F√m-h-cmepw BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hy‡n-bmbn amdn. temIm-h-km\w h--s c- b p≈ apkv e nw- I fpw hlv i nbpsS t]-cv tI´m¬ At±-l-Øn\v A\p-{Klw sNmcn-bm≥ {]m¿Yn-°m≥ A\p-im-kn-°-s∏-Sp-amdv kzlm_n-I-fn¬ Hcm-fmbn At±lw amdn.

Hcn-°¬ Hcp blq-Zs - ‚ ih-a© - w hln-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ish {]hm-NI≥ _lp-am-\] -- p-c- cw Fgp-t∂-‰p\n--∂p. blq-Z¿ A-°m-e-ß-fn¬ Ckve - m-ans‚ ISpØ FXn-cm-fn-If - m-bncp-∂-Xn-\m¬ A\p-N-c≥am¿ {]hm-NI-t\mSv tNmZn-®p: "A√tbm {]hmN-Isc A-Xv Hcp blq-Zs‚ arX-tZl-as√? {]hm-N-I≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™p: AsX, F-¶n-epw At±lw Hcp a\p-jy]p-{X-\s√?

{]kw-K-ß-fnepw {]kvXm-h\-I-fnepw kpµ-c-amb C-¥y≥ atX-X-c-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v {]kw-Kn-°p-∂-h-cpsS I-¨ap-ºn¬ Xs∂-bmWv _m-_vdn akvPnZv XI¿°-s∏-´Xpw Hcp hymg- h - ´ - ° mew Ign™n-´pw k¿°m¿ AXv ]p\-¿\n¿an-°m-Ø-Xpw.

2013 tabv

33

A\o-Xnbpw AXn-{I-a-ßfpw Ah-km-\n∏n-°m-\mbn am{Xw A\p-hZ - n-°s - ∏´ Ckveman-I bp≤-ß-fn¬t]mepw ]c-aX klnjvWp-X hy‡-ambn {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bcm[-\m-eb - ß - ƒ XI¿°-cp-sX∂pw Bcm-[\ - m-\na-·-cm-b-hsc D]-{Z-hn-°-cp-sX∂pw C-kvem-ans‚ bp≤-\n-ba - ß - f - n¬ {][m-\s - ∏-´X - m--W.v hnizmkkzmX{¥yw Ckvem-anIcmjv{Sw Aapkvenw ]uc≥am¿°v Dd-∏p-sIm-Sp-°p∂-p. AXv tIhew am\-kn-I-ambn Ah¿ G-Xv aX-Ønepw hniz-kn-°p-Itbm Bcm[\ \S-Øp-Itbm sNbvXp-sIm-≈s´ F∂ \ne-°-√. hy‡n-]-c-ambpw IpSpw-_-]-c-ambpw kmaq-ln-I-ambpw DS-se-Sp-°p∂ kn-hn¬, {Inan-\¬ {]iv\-ß-fn¬t]mepw A-apkv-enwIƒ°v Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p∂ thZ-{KŸ-ß-fnse \nb-a-߃ A\p-k-cn®v hn[n ]-d-bm\pw Aßs\ Ah-cpsS kaq-l-a-\ n-s‚ Xr]vXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ aX-\n-b-aß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Bflo-bhpw cmjv{Sob-hp-amb kzmX-{¥y-Øn¬ Pohn-°m-\p-≈ A--h-Im-ihpw Ah¿°v \¬I-s∏-´p. A-Øcw Imcy-ß-fn-sem∂pw C-kvem-anI `c-WIq--Shpw \nb-a-hn-im-c-Z≥amcpw ssI IS-Ønbn-cp-∂n-√. cmjv{S-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb {]iv-\-ß-fn¬ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn®mWv hn[n- ® n- c p- ∂ - X v . AXm- I s´ Aapkvenw-Iƒ am{X-a√ ap-kv-enw-Ifpw Hcp t]mse _m[y-ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p. temIØv C-kvem-anI \nb-aß -- ƒ am{X-amWv Aap-kvenwIƒ°v knhn¬ {Inan-\¬ {]iv\-ß-fn¬ Ah-cpsS aX-{K-Ÿ-a-\p-k-cn®v hn[n ]d-bm-\pw \-S-∏m-°m\pw kzmX{¥yw \-¬-In-b-Xv. ]ucm-Wn-Ihpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb Hcp cmjv{SØnepw aX-]c - a - mb hnime kzmX{¥yw C-u A-¿-Y-Øn¬ \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

A`n- { ]mbkzmX{¥yw F∂v ]d- b p--

tºmƒ shdpsX hmb sIm≠v ]dbm-\p≈ kzmX-{¥y-am-sW-∂m-Wv A¿Y-am-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv a-l-Øm-sbmcp Bi-b-sam-∂p-a-√. A-`n-{]mbw \ymb-sa-¶n¬ AXv \S-∏nhcp- Ø m≥ k∂- ≤ - X - b p- ≈ n- S - Ø v am{Xsa A`n-{]m-b-kzm-X-{¥yw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bq. A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-Øn-\p-tij-w A\ym-b-ambn Bhiyw XS- s∏--Sp-Øm≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ `c-W-IqS-Øns‚ ]c-ky-amb Nmc-{]-h¿Ø\-ambn am{Xsa AXns\ ImWm≥ I-gn-bq.

CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ \mw Imcy-ßsf bp‡n-]q¿hw A]-{K-Yn-°p-tºmƒ \ap°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ Hcp bmYm-¿Yy-ap-≠v. aX-k-ln-jvWp-X, hnizm--k-kzm-X-{¥yw, A`n-{]m-b-kzm-X{¥yw F∂nh bYm¿Y-Øn¬ km-£mXvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ckvemw hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ aX-k-ao-]-\-ß-fn¬ am{X-amWv F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. a[y-]u-ckvXy \mSp-I-fn¬ `oIc-hn-cp-≤b - p-≤s - a∂ t]cn¬ Iq´-s°me-]m-X-I-߃°v t\XrXzw sImSp°p-∂ ]m›mXy ss{IkvXh cmjv{S-t\Xm-°≥amcpw Ahsc sh≈ ]q-ip∂ am[y-a-ßfpw Ah-tcmSv A\p`m-hw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂hcpw Ah-cpsS A- { I- a - ß sf aX- h n- i zm- k - Ø ns‚ t]cn¬ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂-hcpw Xßfp-sS ap≥Km-an-Iƒ°pw aX-t\-Xm-°ƒ°pw apl-ΩZv \_n sNbvX HuZm-cyhpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw Hm¿an°m-≥ {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-am--Wv. apkvenw-Iƒs°-Xn-cn¬ ^mjn-Ãp-I-fp-sS B{I-aWw Ac-tß-dp-tºmƒ Ip‰I--c-ambn au\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-h¿ \-¬Ip∂ ktµiw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ahcp-sS au\w-Xs∂ [mcm-fw. F∂mC-kvem-ans‚ {]-hm-N-I-t\mSv AhcpsS aXhpw hy‡n-Xzhpw IS-s∏-´ncn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ AXv hnkva-cn-s®¶n-epw. k¿ tXmakv B¿-tWmƒUv F-gp-Xp∂p: ""apl-ΩZv Xs∂ ]e Ad-_v ss{I-k-vXhtKm{X-ß-fp-ambpw k‘n-bn-te¿s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Ah¿°v A-t-±lw kwc-£-Whpw kz-¥w aXam-N-cn-°m-\p≈ kzmX-{¥yhpw D-d∏p--h-cp-Øn. Ah-cpsS ]ptcm-ln-X-¿°p-≠m--bn-cp∂ khn-ti-jm-[n-Im-c-

ß-ƒ ]g-b-t]-mse \ne-\n¿Øn.''(18) {]hm-N-Is‚ DØ-cm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw {]hmN-Is‚ ]mX Xs∂-bmWv Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ ]n¥p-S¿∂Xv. {]hm-NI]mX ]n¥p-S-tc≠-Xv CkvemanI hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASnÿm-\ine-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. {]hm-N-Is‚ hntbm--Km-\-¥cw Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øns‚ `c-W-km-c-Yy-ta-s‰-SpØ `c-Wm-[n-Imcn Jen-^ A_q-_-°¿ lodm hmkn-I-fp-ambn sN-bvX Icm-dn¬ "Ah-cpsS Bcm-[m-\m-eb-ßfpw I\o-kbpw i{Xp-°f - n¬\n∂v c£t\-Sm-\p≈ tIm´-Ifpw s]mfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-X√. aWn-b-Sn-°p-∂tXm s]cp-∂m-fn\v Ipcniv F-gp-∂-≈n-°p-∂tXm XS-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-a√.'

F∂v tcJs∏SpØnbXmbn Ncn{Xtc-J-Ifn-¬ ImWmw.

Imcy-ß-sf bp‡n-]q¿hw A]-{K-Yn-°p-tºm-ƒ \ap°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ Hcp bm-Ym¿Yy-ap-≠v. aX-k-ln-jvWp-X, hn-izm--k-kzm-X-{¥yw, A`n-{]mb-kzm-X-{¥yw F∂nh bYm¿Y-Øn¬ km-£m-XvI-cn-°s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ckvemw hn`m-h\ - w sNøp∂ aX-k-ao-]-\-ß-fn¬ am-{X-amWv F∂p-≈X - m-Wv.

2013 tabv

34

Ckvem-ans‚ Cu \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ Im-cWw ss{IkvXh ktlm-Z-c-ß-ƒ-°v ss{IkvXh `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-tf--°mƒ A\p-`m-hhpw Nmbv-hpw ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. a[y-]q¿h tZ-i-sØ {InkvXp-aX hnizm-kn-Iƒ ap-kvenw `c-W-Øn\v Iogn¬ kºq¿-W kzmX{¥-yw A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tdma-°m-cpsS a-¿-ZI `c-W-tØ-°mƒ \-√Xv C-kv-em--ans‚ B[n-]-Xy-amWv F∂v Xp-d-∂v ]d-bm\pw Ah-cnse DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏´-h¿ aSnImWn-®n-√. ]{¥≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠mw ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ A-t¥-mIy-bnse bmt°m--_mb ]m{Xn-bm¿-°o-km-bn-cp∂ ssa°-¬, tdmam `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ lndm¢n-b-kn-s‚ a¿ZI IY-Iƒ hnh-cn®v sIm-≠v Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Cß-s\-bmWv k-¿-h-i-‡-

X-cn-∏n® \nb-a-ß-fn¬ ]£-t`Zw ImWmØXv kzm`m-hnIw am{Xw. Ie¿∏n-√mØ P-ehpw ip≤-amb hmbphpw kp-Xm-cy-amb sh-fn-®hpw \mw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv t]mse Ie¿∏n-√mØ hnizm-khpw \m-w Xnc-s™Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv F∂mWv _p-≤n \tΩmSv B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

\pw a\p- j y- c psS km{am- P y- ß - ƒ Xs‚ lnX-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v am-‰n adn°p-∂-h\pw Xm≥ C—n-°p-∂-h¿°v km-{amPyw \¬Ip-∂-h\pw ]m-h-ßsf D≤-cn-°p-∂-h-\p-amb {]-Xn--Im-cØns‚ ssZhw Civa-tb-ens‚ k¥m-\ß - sf, tdma≥ Ic-ßf - n-¬\ - n∂v \sΩ c£n-°m-\mbn, sX-°v \n∂v sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. tdmam-°m¿ \-ΩpsS N¿®p-Ifpw aT-ßfpw Ih-¿-® sNøp∂-Xpw \sΩ \n¿Zbw a¿Zn-°p-∂Xpw ssZhw t\m°n-Im-Wp-I-bm--bn-cp∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ \ap-°-¬-∏-w \jv-Sw kw`-hn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ A-Xv Im¬-kn-tUm-Wn-b≥ ]£Øv \n-∂v G¬-]n-°-s∏´ N¿®p-Iƒ Ah-cp-sS Iøn-¬ Xs∂ tijn-°p-∂Xv sIm-≠v D≠m-bXv am{X-am-Wv. Ad-_-n-Iƒ \K-c-߃ A[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw ssIh-i-ap≈ N¿®p-Iƒ Aßs\ Xs∂ \ne-\n¿-Øn. GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw tdm-am--°mcp-sS {Iqc-X-bn¬\n∂pw \oN-Xz-Øn¬-\n∂pw tcmj-Øn¬\n∂pw aX-mth-i-Øn¬\n∂pw c£ {]m]n-°-pI-bpw \mw kam-[m-\-Øn¬ Ign-bp-I-bpw sNøp-∂p-sh-∂Xv H´pw \n- m-c-Im-cy-a√.''(19)

"cp{Zm-£-ame Igp-Ønepw as‰m∂v a\- nepw' F∂ ]gsam-gnsb Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-amdv t]- c nepw hni- Z o- I - c - W Ønepw kpµ-chpw {]m-tbmKn- I - X - e - Ø n¬ AXp- s Im≠p-t±-in-°-s- ∏-Sp∂- - ^ew e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-amb "atX-X-cXzw' Ckvem-an-en-√.

Ckvem-an-s\bpw AXns‚ t{kmX- p-I-sfbpw kXy-k-‘-amb Ncn{X-am]n-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-]Tn-®mCkvem-ans‚ kXy-Xbpw ssZhn-IX-bpw kuµ-cyhpw a\- n-em-Ipw. hm--bphpw shfn-®hpw sh≈hpw PmXn a-X-t`-Zw t\m°msX k¿h-a-\pjy-¿°pw \-¬-Ip-∂ A√mlp Ah2013 tabv

35

"cp{Zm-£-ame Igp-Ønepw as‰m∂v a\ nepw' F∂ ]g-sam-gnsb Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-amdv t]-cnepw hni-Zo-I-c-W-Ønepw kpµ-chpw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-e-Øn¬ AXp-sIm-≠p-t±-in°--s∏-Sp∂ ^ew e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-amb "atXX-cXzw' Ckvem-an-en-√. Ckvem-an¬ atXX-c-Xz-an√; aX-amWv, aXw am{X-am-Wp-≈Xv. AXm-Is´ ]m›m-Xyhpw ]uc-kvXy-hpam-b atX-Xc ImgvN-∏m-Sn-t\-°mƒ kpµ-chpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hpw DZm-Øhpw D∂-X-hpam-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ am\h kmtlmZ-cyhpw aqey-ß-fpsS ]p\x-ÿm-]-\hpw B{K-ln-°p-∂h - ¿ aX-\n-cm-kØ - n¬\n∂pw, aX\n-tj-[-Øn¬\n∂pw k¶p-NnX hwiob tZiob Nn¥m-[m-c-I-fn¬\n∂pw a\p-jy-\n¿-anX aX-ß-fn¬\n∂pw tamNn-X-cm-hp-I. Ckv-em-an-te°v hcn-I. a\p-jys‚ sFln-Ihp-w ]mc-{Xn-I-hp-amb tam£w Ckvem-an-eqsS-bmWv ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I. Ref: 1. F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb {_n´m-\n° `mKw c≠v, t]Pv 668 2. hn°n]oUn-b kzX{¥ hn⁄m-\-tIm-iw 3. C-kvem-anI Ncn{X kw{Klw: `mKw 3, t]Pv 273˛275, k¿hXv kueØv, sF.]n.F®v tImgnt°mSv 4. ae-bmfw hn°n-]o-Un-b5. tX-Pkv ssZzhm-cnI 2012 am¿®v 1˛15, t]Pv 16,17 6. Izp¿-B≥ 42:13 7. Izp¿-B≥ 2:2 8. Izp¿-B≥ 2:2 9. Izp¿-B≥ 4:1 10. apkvenw, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv 11. Izp¿-B≥ 2:256 12. Izp¿-B≥ 18:29 13. Izp¿-B≥ 16:35 14. Izp¿-B≥ 42:48 15. Izp¿-B≥ 5:92 16. Izp¿-B≥ 10:99 17. Izp¿-B≥ 88:21,22 18. Ckvemw {]t_m-[-\hpw {]Nm-chpw: t]Pv 60 19. Michael the Editor, Vol II, p.p: 412, 413, D≤cWw: Ckvemw {]t_m-[-\-hpw, {]Nm-chpw k¿, tXmakv B¿\ƒUv t]Pv: 67

`mKw: 2

Krl]cn-]m-e\w ]cn-Wmahnizm-ksØ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂pthm?

dn®m¿Uv tUm°n≥kns‚ `qan-bnse G‰hpw alØmb Zriy-hn-kvabw: ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ F∂ ]pkvXIw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p

Aen sNΩmSv ""a\p-jy-hw-isØ kw_-‘n® Kth-j-W-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-´ BZysØ "a\pjy≥' \nbm-≠¿Øm¬Im-c-\mWv''(29) a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ H∂m-a≥ \nbm≠¿Øm¬°m-c-\m-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv ae-bmfn bp‡n-hm-Zn-I-fpsS "]mT-]pkvXIhpw, ASn-ÿm-\{- K-Ÿhp'amb bp‡n-Z¿i-\a - mWv.(30) \nbm-≠¿Øm¬ a\pjy≥ Pohn-®Xv aq∂-c-e£w apX¬ Bdv e£w h¿j-߃°v apºm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂mWv(31) ho°n-]o-Unb ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ a\- n-em-hp-I. Bdv e£w h¿jw {]mb-ap≠v \ΩpsS {]]n-Xm-a-l-s\∂ Ah-Im-i-hm-ZØnse icn-sX-‰p-Iƒ hni-Ie - \w sNøm-\√ \nbm-≠¿Øm¬ a\p-jys\ ChnsS sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. tUm°n≥kns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ c≠mw A[ym-b-Øns‚ BZy`mKw N¿® sNøp-∂Xv ]cn-Wma aX-sØ-°p-dn®pw hnizm-ks - Ø-°p-dn®pw Um¿hn\p-apºv F¥vsIm-≠v Bcpw Nn¥n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√ F∂-Xm-Wv. At±lw XpSßp-∂X - n-ßs - \.

2013 tabv

36

""Um¿hn≥ cwK-sØ-Øm≥ F¥vsIm≠mWv C{Xbpw sshIn-bXv? At±-lØ - ns∂ c≠p Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v apºv sFk°v \yq´¨ cq]w \¬Inb KWnX kn≤m¥-߃ c≠v kl-{km_vZw apºv B¿°sa-Uokv Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]pØ≥ Bi-b߃˛C-hsb°msfms° Zo]vXhpw efnX-hp-amb Hcp Bi-b-Øn-te°v FØnt®-cp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw a\p-jy-cm-insb A{X-bpw-Imew XS-™p-\n-dp-Øn-bXv F-¥mWv?''(32) a\pjyNcn-{X-Øn\v \¬Inb Bdv e£-w h¿j-߃°nS-bn¬˛\mK-cn-IX a\pjys‚ Ncn-{X-Øn∂v Xs∂ Ggm-bn-ctØm-ftam AXn-e[ - n-Itam h¿j-ßf - psS {]mb-ap-≠˛v tIhew 153 h¿jw apºv hsc Hcmƒ°pw ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ Bibw tXm∂n--bn√ F∂Xv bmZr—n-I-a-√. AXpt]mse Um¿hn\v ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ B-ibw tXm∂n-bXpw bmZr—nIamhm≥ hgnbn--√. a\pjyss\k¿KnI-Xb - n¬ A-Øcw Bi-bß - ƒ°v ÿm\-an√ F∂Xv Xs∂-bmWv C{X hnim-ea - mb Ime-bf - hnt]mepw a\p-jy\v CØ-c-samcp Nn¥ hcm--X n-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°p-I. tUm°n-≥k - v ]d-bp-∂Xv Um¿hn\papºv C-Øcw Bi-b-߃ Bcpw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ ImcWw (Um¿hn-\p-apºv emam¿°n-b≥ Nn-¥I - ƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw B Nn¥-If - p- sS kzm[o-\a - mWv Um¿hns‚ HdnPn≥ Hm^v kv]ojn-kn-te°v \bn-®Xv F∂p-ap≈ Imcyw ad-°p-∂n-√. tUm°n≥kv A°m-cy-an-hnsS kqNn-∏n-°mXncn°p-∂X - v sIm≠p-Xs∂ AXn-te°v N¿® \ot´≠-Xn-√). {Ko°v XØz-Nn-¥-Iƒ tπt‰mbpsS kØm-hm-Z-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-amWv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Hcp Um¿hn≥ Db¿∂p-hcm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-Wa - mbn ]d-bp-∂X - v. tUm°n≥kv \h Um¿hn-\n-k-Øns‚- Ipe-]-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂ GWÃv sab-dns\ D≤-cn®v ]d-bp-∂p: ""At±-l-Øns‚ A-`n-{]m-bØ - n¬ kØm-hm-Zw AYhm F -≥jy-enkw F∂p \mw hnfn-°p∂ {]mNo-\ XØz-Nn¥m ]≤-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p C°m-cy-Øn¬ apJy-{]-Xn-_-‘-ambn \nesIm-≠-Xv. ]cn-Wmaw I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xv tπt‰mbpsS arX-I-c-ß-fm¬ XS-b-s∏-SpI-bm-bn-bp-cp∂p''(33) XpS¿∂v tπt‰m-bpsS k-Øm-hm-Zs - a-s¥∂ hni-Zo-Ic - W - Ø - n-te°v t]mIp-∂p. `qan-bnse apb-ep-Iƒ bYm-¿Y apb-ep-If - s - √∂pw bYm¿Y BImi apb-ens‚ tIhe ]Xn-∏p-If - mWv `qan-

]cn- W m- a - k - ¶ ¬]w a\p- j ys‚ _p≤n°pw bp‡n°pw tbmPn°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. Bdp- Z - i - e £w (?!) h¿jsØ a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ tIhew 153 h¿jØns‚ hnesb{Xbm-Wv. \mK-cnI a\p-jys‚ 7000-ØnIqSp- X ¬ h¿jsØ Ncn- { XØn¬ 153 h¿jsØ ÿm\-sa¥m-Wv? Ncn-{X-Øn-se-hn-sSbpw a\p- j y\v `mh- \ - b n¬ t]mepw ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ, `uXn-I-XbpsS AXn-{]-k-c-Øn¬ \ncq-]ns®-SpØ k¶¬]w am{X-amWv ]cn-Wm-a-hn-izm-kw.

bnse apb-ep-I-sf∂pw a‰p-ap≈ tπt‰mWn-b≥ hmZ-ßs - f-s¥∂v \nc-Øp-∂p. AØ-cw hmZ-ap-≈-h¿ C∂n√ F∂-Xv-sIm≠p-Xs∂ B N¿® A\m-hi - yam-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \ap-°X - h - K - W - n-°mw. ]s£ ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ Bibw tπt‰m-bpsS kØm-hmZw XS™p F∂ tUm-°n≥kn-s‚bpw sab-dn-s‚bpw AhIm-i-hmZw bmsXm-c-Sn-ÿm-\-hp-an-√mØ

2013 tabv

37

anYym-hm-Z-am-Wv. tπt‰m-bpsS Ime-L´w _n.kn 423-˛348 BsW∂v hn°n-]o-Unb ]-db - p-∂p.(34) {Ko°n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ tπt‰mbpsS apºp- X s∂ temI- Ø ns‚ hyXykvX `mK-ßf - n¬ CuPn-]vXv, saks∏m-t´-an-b, bq{^-´o-kv, ssS{Knkv(35), C≥Ukv hmen(36) bqtdm-]y≥ kwkvImc-߃(37) \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. am{X-a√ tπt‰m-bpsS Ime-L-´-Øn-\p-tijhpw tπt‰m-bpsS Bi-b-ß-f-dn-bmØ kwkvImc-ßfpw P\-hn-`m-K-ßfpw `qan-bpsS hyXy-kvX `mK-ßf - n¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. A°q´-Øn¬ bp‡nhmZ ho£-W{- ]-Imcw tIh--e\ - n-co-iz-cØ - ne[n-jvTn-Xa - mb Zm¿i-\nI-Nn¥-Ifpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. `mc-Xob Zm¿i-\n-I-Xsb kw_-‘n®p Iayq-WnÃv bp‡n-hmZ ho£Ww Ah `uXn-Ih - m-ZØ - n-e[ - n-jvTn-Xhpw \ncoiz-c-hm-Z-]-c-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. CØ-cw ]T-\ß - f - mWv Un.Un tImkmw_n, ]n. Zmtam-Zc - ≥ XpS-ßn-bh - c - psS `mc-Xob Z¿i-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-߃.

C°mcyw bp‡n-hmZ ASn-ÿm-\-{]am-Wa - mb bp‡nZ¿i-\hpw hy‡-am-°p∂p-≠.v ""C¥y≥ Zm¿i-\nI ]mc-ºc - y-Øn¬ Hcp sNdnb \yq\-]-£-Øn-s\m-gnsI kz-¥w Z¿i-\Ø - ns‚ \ne-]m-Sp-Isf hniZo-I-cn-°p∂-Xn\v Cuiz-cs‚ Bhiyw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-√. Cu khn-ti-jX {]tXyIw {i≤n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - m-W.v GsXmcp `uXn-Ih - m-ZØ - ns‚bpw ap≥ D]m-[n-bmWv \nco-izc k¶¬]w. \nco-izc Z¿i-\Ø - n- A[n-jT v n-Xa - mb {]mNo-\`- m-cX - Ø - nse apgp-h≥ Zm¿i-\nI[mc-Ifpw `uXn-I-Xbn¬ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠mWv hnImkw

{]m-]n-®X - v F∂p ]d-bmw. Bk-Iew `uX-nI Nn¥m-[m-cs - b∂v {]kn≤amb temI-mbX Z¿i\w am{Xa√ kmwJyw, \ymb-w, sshti-jn-Iw, aoamw-k, ssP\w, _u-≤w F∂n-h-sb√mw Cu Iq´-ØnD-ƒs∏-Sp-∂p. C{]-Imcw BsI-bp≈ {][m-\s - ∏´ HºXp C¥y≥ Zm¿i-\nI ]≤Xn-I-fn¬ Ggpw ]q¿W-ambn Cuiz-cs\ \n-tj-[n-®p-sIm≠v `uXn-IX - t- bmSv Iqdp {]Jym-]n-®p-sh-¶n¬ BXy-¥n-IX - e - Ø - n¬ AssZzX thZm-¥hpw Cuiz-cs\ \ncm-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.''(38) Cu {]kvXm-h-\-bnse AXn-i-tbm‡n Ah-K-Wn®p bp‡n-Z¿i\ teJ-Is‚ hm°p-Iƒ apJ-hn-e-s°-SpØv tUm°n-≥kn-s‚bpw tab-dp-sSbpw Ah-Im-ihm-Zß - ƒ hni-Ie - \w sNbvXm¬ tπt‰mbpsS kØm-hm-ZØ - n\v a\pjyIp-esØ samØ-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ign-™n√ F∂v hy‡-am-hpw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]cn-Wm-a-Nn-¥sb Bi-b-hmZw XS-™pF∂ `mh\ A¬]w AXn-cp-I-S∂ A[n-I{- ]-kw-Ka - msW∂v t_m[ys∏Spw. bYm¿YØn¬, ]cn-Wm-ak - ¶ - ¬]w a\p-jys‚ _p≤n°pw bp‡n°pw tbmPn°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. Bdp- e£w (?!) h¿jsØ a\p-jy-Nc - n-{X-ØntIhew 153 h¿jØns‚ hnesb{XbmWv. \mK-cnI a\p-jys‚ 7000-Øn¬ IqSpX¬ h¿jsØ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ 153 h-¿-jsØ ÿm\-sa-¥m-Wv? Ncn-{X-Øn-se-hnsS-bpw a\p-jy\v `mh-\b - n¬ t]mepw ImWm-≥ Ign-bmØ, `uXn-I-X-bpsS AXn{]-k-c-Øn¬ \ncq-]n-s®-SpØ k¶¬]w am{X-amWv ]cn-Wm-a-hn-izm-kw. apºv kqNn-∏n-®-t]mse ]cn-Wmaw AsXmcp hnizm--k-ambn \ne-\n¬°-s´. ]s£ A-Xns\ imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn°pw F∂ ho-ºp ]d-®nepw AXv imkv{X-am-sW∂ A-h-Im-i-hm-Zhpw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ignbn-√. ]cn-Wmaw Ncn-{X-ØnsehnsSbpw Bsc-bpw kzm[o-\n-®n√ F∂p tUm°n-≥kp-w tabdpw {]kvXm-hn-®p. AXn-t\mSv bp‡n-Z¿i-\Ø - ns‚ BZy-t]-Pnse shfns∏-Sp-Øepw tN¿Øv hmbn-t°-≠X - p-≠v. ""a\p-jy-hw-isØ kw_-‘n® Kthj--W-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏´ BZysØ a\pjy-≥ "\nbm-≠¿Xm¬'Imc-\m-Wv. 1856-P-¿a-\n-bnse \nbm-≠¿ Xmgvhc - b - n¬\n∂v I≠p-In-´nb Ah-in-jvSß - f - mWv Cu t]-

cn-s‚ Imc-Ww. Cbmƒ Kpl-I-fnse h\y-arK-ß-sf, hn-ti-jn®v Ic-Sn-Isf sIm∂-Xmbpw KplIƒ Xma-kØ - n-\mbn kzoI-cn-®X - mbpw Icp-Xp-∂p. Cßs\ h[n-°m-\n-S-bmb IcSn-If - psS Xe-tbm-Sp-Iƒ Kpl-Iƒ°-IØv Hcp {]tXy-I coXn-bn¬ ASp-°n-sh-®ncp-∂p-h-s{X. acn-®-hsc Im¬ap-´p-Iƒ aS°n C-cp∂ \ne-bn¬ Kpl-bn¬ ad-hp-sN-bvX-Xmbn shfn-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. CXv Fs¥-¶nepw hnizm-kØ - ns‚ ^e-amtWm? hy‡-a√ - . C∂-sØ kam[n kwkvImcw CXn-t\mSv GXm≠v ASp-Øp-\n¬°p-∂-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p.

Ic-Sn-bpsS Xe-tbm-Sp-Iƒ kq£n-®ph-®X - nepw Fs¥-¶nepw hnizm-kØ - ns‚ \n-d-apt≠m? AtXm Xs‚ hoc-]-cm-{I-aß-fpsS kvac-Wb - mbn kq£n-®tXm? Hcp {]tXyI C\-Øn-ep≈ arK-ßfpsS Xe-tbm-Sp-Iƒ am{Xw kq£n-®p-h°m≥ Abmsf t{]cn-∏n-®s - X-¥mWv?''(39) a\pjyNcn-{X-Ønse alm-`q-cn-]£

tUm°n≥kv ]d-bp∂Xv t^U‚pIƒ CW-Isf {_oUv sNbvsXSp-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂Xv a\p-jy¿ Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnte°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvsX∂mWv F¥mWv AØcw Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Øn\v At±-l-Øns‚ ]°-ep≈ sXfnhv F∂v ]d-bmØXv sIm≠v AXpw tIhew Dulw Xs∂.

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Ime-L´- Ø - nepw ]cn-Wm-as - Ø-°p-dnt®m AX√msb¶n¬ kzbw`q XØz-sØ-°pdnt®m Bcpw Nn¥n-®n-cp-∂n√ F¶n¬, B-Zy-a-\p-jy≥ Ah-s‚ H∂mw XobXn ap-X¬ ]c-tem-Ih - n-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂-p hnfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂p bp‡n-hmZn Zm¿i\n-I\ - m-bn-cp∂ Fw. _n.sIbpsS Cu {]Jy-m] - \ - w.

AsX a\p-jy≥ F∂pw ssZh˛acW-m-\-¥c hnizmkn-bm-bn-cp-∂p; Bbn-cn°p-Ibpw sNøpw. AX-hs‚ ss\k¿KnI-Xb - psS `mK-am-W.v a\- n-s‚bpw _p≤nbp-sSbpw bp‡n-bp-sSbpw tX´-amWv. C°mcyw tUm°n≥kpw hy‡-am-°p∂p-≠v. Xs‚ Gsd {]i-kvXa - mb Zn tKmUv sUeyqj≥ F∂ IrXn-bn¬˛\mw N¿-® sNøp∂ "`qan-bnse G‰hpw alØ-mb Zriy-hn-kvabw ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ sX-fn-hp-Iƒ' F∂ Cu ]pkvXI - Ø - ns‚ ap-≥I-h¿ t]Pn¬ tUm°n≥kns\ ]cnN-bs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Zn tKmUv sUeyq-j≥ F∂ hnJymX IrXn-bpsS I¿Ømhv F∂-mWv. tUm°n≥kv ]d-bp-∂p. ""krjvSn-hm-Zt- ØmSv kl-Pa - mb B`nap-Jyw tXm∂p∂ coXn-bn-emWv (Innately predisposed to creationism) a\p-jy-cpsS Xe-t®m¿ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂s - X-∂mWv ª-qa-ns - ‚ A`n-{]m-bw. AXm-bXv "F√mw Btcm D≠m-°n-h®p' F∂v k¶¬]n-°m\p-≈ ssZzX-t_m-[a - mWv an° a\p-jy-¿°p-ap-≈X - .v AssZzX hmZn-If - n¬ t]mepw Cu `mh\ i‡-am-Wv.''(40) Xs‚ B {K-

Ÿ--Ø n¬ 28-mw A[ym-b-Øn\v tU-m-°n≥-kv \¬Inb Xe-s°´v Xs∂ "aX-hnizm-ks - Ø XpW°p∂ am\-knI LS\' F-∂m-Wv. B A[ym-b-Øn¬ {]apJ a\x-im-kv{X-⁄≥ t]mƒ ªqans\ A[nI-cn-®v ]d™ hmN-Ia - mWv \mw hmbn-®Xv.-thsd-bp-ap≠v CØcw {]kvXm-h-\Iƒ. ""Ip´n-I-fpsS a\- n¬ kl-P-amb Hcp ssZzX-`m-h-ap-s≠∂v At±lw (ªqw) ]-db - p-∂p. c≠mbn ImWm-\p≈ a\p-jya-\- ns‚ kzm`m-hnI Xzc-bmWv ssZzX`mhw (Dualism) F∂-XvsIm≠v At±lw A¿Y-am-°p-∂-Xv. aXw AØcw ssZzX`m-hØ - n¬\n-∂mWv cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.''(41) A-sX ssZh-aX hnizm-khpw ssZh-krjvS- n hnizm-khpw a\p-jys‚ kl-Phpw ss\-k¿Kn-I-hp-amb tNmZ-\bpw tX´-hpam-Wv. F∂m¬ ]cn-Wm-ah - n-izm-khpw \nco-izc hnizm-khpw a\p-jy-ss\-k¿Kn-IX°pw kl-Ph - p-amb tNmZ-\°pw Bflmhns‚ tX´-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cpw. F∂n-´p-sa-t¥ tUm-°n≥kpw ]cn-Wma \nco-izc hnizmkn-Ifpw AXn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw {]Ncn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

AXvIqSn tUm°n≥kn¬\n∂p Xs∂ ]Tn-°p-∂Xv auen-Ia - m-bn-cn-°pw. ""BZy-w kzbw h©n-®m¬ a‰p-≈-hsc h©n°m-≥ Ffp-∏-am-bn-cn-°pw. t_m[-a-\- n¬-\n∂v kXysØ AI-‰n-\n¿Øn-bma‰p-≈-h-tcmSv I≈w ]d-bp-tºmƒ D≠mIm-\n-Sb - p≈ hnj-aX - I - ƒ Hgn-hm-°mw. km-[m-cW a\p-jy¿°v \pW ]d-bp-tºmƒ IÆp-Nn-Ωp-I, ssIØew \\-bp-I, lrZb-an-Sn∏v IqSpI XpS-ßnb imco-cnI Akz-ÿXIfp-≠m-Im-dp-≠-t√m. kXy-a-dn-

]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ Bibw tπt‰mbpsS kØm-hmZw XS™p F∂ tUm°n≥kn- s ‚bpw sab- d ns‚bpw Ah-Im-i-hmZw bmsXm-cSn-ÿm-\-hp-an-√mØ anYym-hm-Z-amWv. {Ko°n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ tπt‰mbpsS apºp-Xs∂ temI-Øns‚ hyXykvX `mK-ß-fn¬ kwkvIm-c߃ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. am{X-a√ tπt‰m- b psS Ime- L - ´ - Ø n- \ ptijhpw tπt‰m-bpsS Bi-b-ßf-dn-bmØ kwkvIm-c-ßfpw P\hn-`m-K-ßfpw `qan-bpsS hyXykvX `mK-ß-fn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p.

bp-∂Xv a\x]q¿hw Hgn-hm-°n-bm-¬ C-Øc-w _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ Xms\ A{]-Xy-£-ambn-s°m-≈pw.''(42) ssZhw krjvSn®p \nb-{¥n®p h-f-¿Øn-s°m-≠p-hc - p∂p F∂ hnizmkw a\pjy-kl - P - a - m-sW∂pw ss\k¿Kn-Ia - m-sW∂pw \mw I≠p. B ss\k¿KnI Kp-WsØ \ntj-[n-°m≥ kz¥w a\- ns\ ]o-Un-∏n®pw Bfl-h-©\ \S-Øn-bp-am-

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Wv \nco-iz-c, ]cn-Wma hnizmkw A-Xns‚ h‡m-°ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂X - v. A-ßs\ Bfl-h-©\ \S-Øn-bm¬ AØcw Ifhv Xs‚ kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-∂Xn-t\m {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂X - nt\m a\- m-£n°p-tØm am\-knI imco-cnI ]ncn-ap-dp°-tam AØ-c-°m¿°p-≠m-hn-√. Ah-cpsS _p≤n°pw a\- n\pw kXyw Dƒs°m≈m-≥ Ign-bmØ coXn-bn¬ ap{Z-h® - n-cn-°pw. tUm°n≥kv Xs‚ ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ ]cn-Wma hnizm-k-Øn\v sXfn-hp-Iƒ \ncØm≥ Bcw-`n-®n´p≠v. c≠mw A[ym-bØn¬ AXn-\t- ±lw Hcp ]co-£Ww AhX-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""F√m arK-ß-fnte°pw Cu- Nße \ofp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn¬ Xn-I®-pw Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ^ew ]cn-Wma-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - mb temI-ho-£W - Øn¬\n∂v am{Xta Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-Ib - p≈p F-∂v Rm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°m-\p≈ ImcWw \n߃°v t_m[y-s∏-´n-´p-≠m-hpw. F¥mbmepw Rm\Xn\v Hcp t]cp sImSp-°pI-bm-Wv. "slb¿ ]n≥ Nn¥ F∂ ]co£Ww' (The hairpin thought experiment)''(43) Cu ]co-£W - Ø - ns‚ t]cv kqNn-∏n°p-∂X - p-t]mse tIhew Nn¥m(-`m-h\ - m)]c-amb ]co-£Ww am{X-am-W.v apºv tI´ Hcp ]g-s©m√v kmµ¿`n-Ia - m-W.v "G-´n-se - - -]ip - - ]p√p-Xn-∂n√'-A - Xp-t]mse tUm°-n-≥-kns‚ am\-knI hym]m-c-߃ H∂p-w sXfn-bn-°n-√. (tUm-In≥kns\ B-Zy`m-KØv ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-´Xv ad-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I) F¥mWv Cu ]co-£-W-Øns‚ ImX-¬ F∂p-IqSn a\- n-em-°mw. GsX-¶nepw Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp Pohn, AXns‚ ap≥Kman, AXns‚ sXm´p-ap-ºsØ ap≥-Kman... Aßns\ Ipsd aptºm-´p-t]mb-m¬ C∂p Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Pohn-bn-¬\n∂pw hf-sc-tbsd hyXym-ks - ∏-´n-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. Hcp ]s£ B ap-≥Km-an C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Pohn-h¿Kw X-s∂ Bbn-cn-°m≥ km[y-Xb - n√ F∂nß-s\ t]mIp∂ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww... ""XnI™ Ah-[m-\X - t- bm-Sp-IqSn {Iaambn ]nt∂m-´p-k© - c - n-®m¬ ]n∂o-St- ßm´v ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-Iƒ°v BZysØ apbep-am-bp≈ kmayw {ItaW Ipd-™p-hcp-∂-Xmbpw jvdqhp-am-bp≈ (Shrew) kmayw (i-cn°pw jvdq BsW∂v Icp-Xcp-Xv) h¿[n-®p-hc - p-∂Xpw A\p-`h - s - ∏-Spw. s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ Xe-apSn HXp-°n-sh-°m≥

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp slb¿]n-∂ns‚ (hairpin) BIr-Xn-bn-em-bn-cn-°pw. Cu ]cn-Wm-a{- Iaw hn\y-kn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - .v AXmbXv Cw•ojv A£cw "U' Xe-Xn-cn-®n´ B-Ir-Xn-bn¬. Nne {]I-S-amb khn-tij-X-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu slb¿]n≥ hnX-c-W-{I-a-Ønse Hcp Pohn IrXy-ambn slb¿]n-∂ns‚ hf-hn-em-Wp≈-sX∂v (bend) Rm≥ ]d-bpw. Cu Pohn apb-ep-Iƒ°pw ]p≈n-∏p-en-Iƒ°pw ASpØn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp s]mXp-]q¿hnI-\m-Ip∂p. (i-cn°pw ]d-™m¬ AΩ hgn-bn¬. ]s£ hgn°v {]tXy-In®v {]m[m-\y-sam∂pw sImSp-t°-≠-Xn-√) B Pohn IrXy-ambpw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v \ap-°-dn-bn-√. AsX-¥m-bmepw ]cnWm-a] - c - a - mbn Nn¥n-®m¬ Aß-s\-sbmcp Pohn D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠X - p-≠.v F√m PohnI-sfbpw t]mse AXpw Xs‚ amXm-hns\-bpw aI-sfbpw t]mse kz¥w h¿KØn-se (Species) Hcw-KsØ t]mse-bmhp-w Pohn-®n-´p-≠m-hpI.''(44) Cu ]mc-{Km^v slb¿]n≥ FIvkvs]-cn-sa‚ns‚ cq]w GI-tZiw hy‡-am°p-∂p. CXn-se-hn-sSbpw ]co-£W - a - n-√. tUm°n≥kv H∂mw A[ym-bØ - n¬ AhIm-i-s∏´ t]mse Cu ]co-£-W-Øn-\p≈ \S-]S- n-{I-aß - ƒ "]cn-Wm-am‘X _m[n-® tcmKm-Xpc a\- ns‚ A\p-am-\-ßfpw Dul-ßfpw am{Xw. Cu slb¿ ]n≥ ]-co-£W - s - Ø-°p-dn®v tUm°n≥kv hniZ-ambn N¿® sNøp-∂p-≠v. AsX√mw tIhew Dulm-[n-jT v nXw am{X-am-W.v kz¥w `m-h-\-bn¬ hncn-bp∂ k¶¬]-߃°v im-k{v X-sa∂ t]cn-´m-cm-[n-°p∂ ]cn-Wma hnizmknbmb tUm°n≥kv XpS-cp-∂p. ""]nt∂m-´p≈ Cu `mh\m k©mcw \ap°v XpS-cmw. \S∂p \S∂p slb¿ ]n∂ns‚ hfhpw ]n∂n-´m¬ ]n∂oSv t]mIp-∂Xv apt∂m-´m-Wv. AXm-bXv ]p≈n∏p-en-bn-te°v (sl-b¿]n-∂n¬\n∂pw hyXykvX kz`mhLS-\b - p≈ Pohn-If - psS \nc-h[n imJ-Iƒ DS-\ofw s]m´n-ap-f° - p∂p-≠m-Ipw. CXnse Hcp imJbn¬ \n∂m-bncn°pw ]p≈n∏pen ]cnW-an-®n-´p≠mbXv.'' ""slb¿]n-∂ns‚ hf-hn-eq≈ Xpc-∏≥ Pohn-bpsS ]p{Xn-am-sc-bmWv ]n∂o-Sv \mw ImWp-I. kmh-[m\w AsX k-abw s]s´∂v {Kln-°m-\mhmØ coXnbn¬ B Xpc-∏≥ Pohn sas√ ]cn-W-an°p-∂p. B am‰ßƒ \nc-h[n a[y-cq] Po-hn-Iƒ hgn-bm-bn-cn-°pw. CØcw a-[y-

cq-]߃s°ms° ]ckv]cw \√ kmay-ap≠mbncn°pw. F∂p IcpXn, Ahb-°v C∂p \mw ImWp∂ GsX-¶nepw Pohn-bp-am-bn´v kmayap-≠m-IW - s - a-∂n-√.

GI-tZiw sN¶o-cn-sb-t]mse tXm∂p∂ a[y-cq-]ß - f - n-eq-sS-bmhpw ChnsS \ΩpsS {]bm-Ww. Cu k©m-cØ - n-\n-Sb - n¬ A{]Xo-£nX {ZpX-hy-Xn-bm-\ß - s - fm∂pw D≠mImsX Xs∂, GsX-¶n-ep-samcp L´Øn¬ {i≤n-°-s∏-SmØ hn[w {Iahpw kq£va-hp-amb ]cnWmaw hgn \mw ]p≈n-∏p-en-bn¬ FØn-t®cpw.''(45)

ssZh- a X hnizm- k hpw ssZhkrjvSn hnizm-khpw a\p-jys‚ kl-Phpw ss\k¿Kn-I-hp-amb tNmZ-\bpw tX´-hp-amWv. F∂m-]cn- W m- a - h n- i zm- k hpw \nco- i zchpw a\p-jy-ss\-k¿Kn-I-Xs-°Xn-cpw. F∂n-´p-sat¥ tUm-°n≥kpw ]cn-Wma \nco-izc hnizmkn- I fpw AXn¬ hniz- k n- ° pIbpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p?

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Cu D≤-c-Wnbpw Hcp ]mc-{Km^v ]q¿-Wa - mbn tN¿∂XmWv. ]cn-Wmaw sXfnbn°pw F∂v \qs‰m-∂m-h¿Øn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ tUm°n≥kns‚ ]pkvX-IØnse sXfn-bn-°e - ns‚ hy‡-amb cq]amWv \mw ChnsS I≠-Xv. BZy-`m-KØv imkv{X-Øns‚ hy-Xykv-X \n¿h-N-\-߃ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp∂p. Ah-bn¬ hy‡hpw kv]jvSh - p-amb hn-iZ- o-Ic - Ww sI. ssh. Fkv kwÿm\ {]kn-U‚ v bp. Iem-\m-Yt‚Xm-Wv. At±-lw hni-Zo-I-cn® t]mse Btdgv ]Shp-If - p≈ imkv{Xob coXn-bn¬ Hcp Ahÿ-bnepw `mh-\m-hn-em-k-߃°pw Dul--Øn\pw bmsXmcp ÿm\-hp-an-√. ]s£ tUm°n≥kns‚ ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ Gdnb Iqdpw t\csØ {]Jym-]n-®Xv t]mse At±-lØ - ns‚ Dulm-[n-jvTnXpw `mh-\m-]q¿W-hp-amb A\p-am-\-ß-fn-eqsSbmWv ]cn-Wmaw imkv{Xo-ba- mbn sXfnbn-°p-∂X - v(?!) `mh-\m-]q¿W-amb kb≥kv ^n-Ij v- \m-Wv tUm°n≥kv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv F¶n¬ AXv hmb-\-°m-cs\ k¶¬] tem-I-tØ°v B\-bn®v Bkzm-Z-\-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-bn¬ FØn-t®-s\. k-b≥-kv ^nIvj\v ]Icw at‰-sXmcp kmln-Xy ^nIvj-\m-bmepw AXpw hmb-\°m¿ Bkz-Zn-°pw. ChnsS ^nIvj≥ F∂-hI - m-is - ∏-SmØ, imkv{X-sa∂pw sXfnhp-s≠∂pw Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sp∂, `mh-\m-hnem-kß - ƒ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-Ib - mWv ]pkvXI-Øn-e[ - nI `mK-hpw. tUm°n≥kv Xs‚ ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ sXfn-hp-Iƒ ka¿Yn-°pI-bm-bn. BZy-ambn Ah-Xc - n-∏n® sXfnhv Um¿hns\ Xs‚ kn≤m¥ cq]o-I-c-W-

Øn-te°v \bn® hf¿Øp-Po-hn-If - n¬ Krl ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eqsS hcp∂ am‰hpw Im-¿jnI Kth-jW - ß - f - n-eqsS kky-ßfn¬ hcp∂ am‰-hp-amWv. Cu hnjbw ]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Fgp-]-Øn-b-©n¬ IqSpX-¬ t]Pp-If - n¬ hni-Zo-Ic - n-®n´p≠v. Ahtbm-tcm∂pw ]cn-tim-[n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - n-√.

F¶nepw A¬]w N¿® sNømsX AhK-Wn-°p∂Xv \oXn-b-√.

Cu `mK-ßf - psS XpS-°a - n-ßs\ ""arKß-fp-sSbpw kky-ß-fp-sSbpw {]P-\-\sØ-]‰n Um¿hn\v \√ ⁄m\-ap-≠mbn--cp-∂p. {]mhv Iº-°m-cp-ambpw tlm¿´nIƒ®-dn-Ãp-If - p-ambpw khntij _‘w kq£n-®n-cp∂ At±-l-Øn\v \mb-I-sf Gsd CjvS-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hdn-Pn≥ Hm^v kv]ojn-kns‚ {]Ya A[ymbw hf¿Øpar-Kß - f - nepw kky-ßf - n-ep-ap≈ `n∂ PmXn-Isf Ipdn-®m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v am{X-a√ B hnj-bsØ ]‰n ]n∂oSv Hcp ]p-kvX-Iw Xs∂ cNn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. "a\pjy ]cn]m-e\w aqew arK-߃°pw kky-ß-ƒ°pw kw`-hn-°p∂ sshPm-Xy-߃' (The variations of animals and plants under domestication) F∂ ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ \mbbpw ]q®bpw, IpXn-cbpw Igp-Xbpw, ]∂n-Iƒ, I-∂p-Im-en-Iƒ, BSpIƒ, apb-ep-Iƒ, {]m-hp-Iƒ, tImgn-°p-™p-߃, IuXpI--ap-W¿Øp∂ Imt_-Pns\ t]msebp≈ sNSn-Iƒ, hnhn-[-bn\w ]d-h-Iƒ, Nn-e kky-߃ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-s®ms° {]tXyIw A[ym-b-߃ Xs∂ B ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep≠v.''(46) Um¿hns\ Krl-]-cn-]m-e\w Xs‚ kn≤m¥ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn¬ F{X-am{Xw kzm[o-\n-®n-cp∂ F∂v CXn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-hpw. AtX Bibw tUm°n≥kns\bpw Gsd Bthiw sIm≈n-°p-∂p≠v. AXv sIm≠mWv C°mcyw C{X hniZ-ambn tUm°n≥kv N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv. tUm°n≥kv XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p ""kØm-hm-ZØ - n\pw Pohn-h¿K-ßf - psS ÿncXm-hm-Z-Øn\pw FXn-sc-bp≈ Bi-b-]c-amb IS-∂m-{I-a-W-Øn\v Gsd klmbIamb Hcp ]®-°dn C\-amWv Imt_Pp-Iƒ.''(47) tUm°n≥kns‚ Bthiw hy‡-am-W.v Xs‚ `uXnI aX-hn-izm-ksØ Bi-b-]-c-ambn tNmZyw sNøp∂ ssZh hnizm-ksØ B™-Sn-°m≥ Zp¿_-ea - mb Imt_Pp thcp-Ifpw X≠pw D]-tbmKn-°mw F∂ (A)ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-am-

ssZhw krjvSn®p \nb-{¥n®p hf-¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp∂p F∂ hnizm-kw a\p-jy-k-l-P-am-Wv˛-ss\k¿Kn-I-am-Wv. B ss\k-¿Kn-IKp-WsØ \ntj-[n-°m≥ kz¥w a\- ns\ ]oUn-∏n®pw Bfl-h©-\ \S-Øn-bp-amWv \nco-iz-c, ]cn-Wma hnizmkw AXns‚ h‡m-°ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv. AØ-cw Ifhv Xs‚ kl-Po-hn-Itfm-Sv ]d-bp-∂-Xnt\m {]N-cn-∏n°p-∂X - nt\m a\- m-£n-°ptØm am\-knI imco-cnI ]ncn-ap-dp-°tam AØ-c-°m¿°p-≠m-hn-√.

WXv. XpS-cp∂p: ""Im´p Imt_Pv {_ko°m He-tdjy (Brassica oleracia) F∂ t]cne-dn-bs - ∏-Sp∂p. C∂v \ap°v ]cn-Nn-Xa - mb Imt_-Pp-ambn X´n-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬ Im´pIm-t_-Pns\ Xncn-®-dn-bpI A{X Ffp-∏am-hn-√. \ap°v ]cn-Nn-Xa - mb Imt_-Pns‚

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Hcp "If ]Xn∏v' (Weedy version) F∂p th-W-sa-¶n¬ AXns\ hnfn-°mw. G-Xm\pw \q‰m-≠p-IƒsIm≠v k¶c {]P-\\ - Øns‚ ]Wn-bm-bp-[-ß-fpsS klm-btØmsS tlm¿´n-Iƒ®-dn-Ãp-Iƒ ]d-bØ° {]tXy-IX - s - bm-∂p-an-√mØ Cu Im´p-sN-Snsb H∂m-¥cw ]®-°d- n-bm°n ]cph-s∏-SpØnsbSp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p... ]ckv]c sshPm-Xy-ap≈ \nc-h[n C\-ßsf-bmWv B ]q¿hn-I\ - n¬\n∂pw tlm¿´nIƒ®-dn-Ãp-Iƒ krjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v. as‰mcp ]cn-NnX DZm-lc - Ww sN∂mbv° - f - psS ]cp-hs - ∏-Sp-Øe - m-Wv. Im\nkv ep∏kv (Canis lupus) F∂dnb-s∏-Sp∂ Im´p-sN-∂m-bb - n¬\n∂pw C∂v {_n´ojv sI∂¬ ¢_v hyXn-cn‡ C\-ß-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p≈ Canis familiaris F∂ hn-`m-K-Øn¬s]´ Ccp-∂q-dn-e-[nIw C\ß-fmWv Ir{Xna {]P-\-\-Øn-eqsS a\pjy-¿ krjvSn-s®-Sp-Øn-´p-≈X - v.''(48) Cu hnj-bØ - n¬ C{Xbpw Zo¿Lamb apJ-hpc Fgp-Xm≥ tUm°n≥kns\ t{]cn-∏n-®Xv hnj-b-Øn¬ tUm°n≥kn-\p≈ Aan-Xm-fl-hn-izm-k-am-Wv. XpS¿∂v tUm-°n≥kv Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eqsS Ir-jn-bnepw hf¿Øp-P-¥p-°-fnepw \S°p-∂ \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-߃ ]d-bp∂p-≠v. B DZm-l-c-W-߃ hnh-cn® tij-w Cß-s\-bp≈ am‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ {]IrXn kzbw sNøp-sa∂pw AXn-eqsS ]pXnb P¥p kky h¿K-߃ cq]-s∏Sp--sa∂pw A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚bpw Um¿hn-s‚-bpa-S°w A-Øcw A\p-am-\-߃ ]cn-Wm-a-hn-izm-k-Øn-\-p≈ sXfn-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

tUm°n≥kv hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p∂p ""sUma-Ãn-t°-j\v h\y-ar-Kß - f - n¬ D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ sR´n-∏n-°p∂ tXmXn-ep≈ cq] kz`mh hyXn-bm-\-ß-fmWv Rm\nhn-sS {][m-\a - mbpw ]d-bm-\p-t±-in-°p-∂Xv. F{X thK-Øn-emWv AXv arK-ßsf am‰n adn-°p-∂s - X∂v \sΩ Aº-c∏ - n-°pw. k¶c {]P\\ hnZ-Kv[¿ ({_o-U¿am¿) Ifn-aÆ - n¬ tamU-ep-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂hsc t]msetbm I√n¬ IpXn-c, \mb, ]q®, ]ip, Imt_-Pv... XpSßn X߃°n-jvSs∏´ Nn{X-߃ Dfn sIm≠v sImØn-bp≠m-°p-∂-hsc t]msetbm BWv. Cu hmMvab Nn{X-Øn-te°v Rm\p-Ss\ Xncn®p-hc - mw. CXn\v {]IrXym \S-°p∂ ]cnWm- a - h p- a m- b p≈ _‘- s a- s ¥- ∂ mChnsS sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-Øp-∂Xv a\pjy-\mWv adn®v {]Ir-Xn-b√ F∂p-≈X - mWv. F¶nepw \S-°p∂ {]{Inb Gsd°psd H∂p-X-s∂. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂bmWv sUma-Ãn-t°-j\v Um¿hn≥ HdnPn≥ Hm^v kv]ojokns‚ XpS-°-Ønhenb {]m[m\yw \¬In-b-Xv. Ir{Xna \n-¿-[m-c-W-Øn-eqsS kw`-hn-°p∂ ]cnWm-aw B¿°pw a\- n-em-Ip∂ H∂m-Wv. {]IrXn \n¿[m- c - W hpw Aßs\ Xs∂.''(49) Ir{Xna k¶-e\ - Ø - n-eqsS k¶-cb - n\w hf¿Øp-ar-Kß - sf DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ coXnbn¬ {]Ir-Xn-bnepw aney¨ IW-°n\v h-¿j-ß-sf-SpØv am‰ßƒ kw`-hn-t®°mw F∂ A\p-am-\Ø - n-eq-sSbmWv Um¿hn≥ Xs‚ kn≤m¥w cq]o-I-cn-®-Xv. C∂v tUm°n≥kpw AsX A`n-{]m-bØ - nX-s∂-bm-W.v tUm°n≥kv {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. ""\m-

Ir{Xna k¶-e-\-Øn-eqsS k¶-cbn\w hf¿Øp-ar-K-ßsf DXv]mZn- ∏ n- ° p∂ coXn- b n¬ {]Ir- X nbnepw aney¨ IW-°n\v h¿jß- s f- S pØv am‰ßƒ kw`- h nt®°mw F∂ A\p-am-\-Øn-eqsSbmWv Um¿hn≥ Xs‚ kn≤m¥w cq]o-I-cn-®-Xv. C∂v tUm°n≥kpw AtX A`n-{]m-bØn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv.

b ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw icn°pw \msa-¥mWv ]Tn-°p-∂Xv? H∂m-aX - mbn, k¶c-bn\w \mb-I-fn-se \s√mcp iX-am-\Øn-epw, t{K‰v sUbn≥ apX¬ tbm¿°nIƒ hsc˛kvtIm-´n-Iƒ apX¬ Fb¿ sUbn-ep-Iƒ hsc ˛dnUvPv _mIvkv apXUm-jv l≠p-Iƒ hsc, hn∏-‰p-Iƒ apX¬ sk‚ v s_¿WmUv hsc, \nb-X-amb sX-c-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fn-eqsS Po≥ ]qƒ I-S™ kv^pSw sNbvXpw icoc LS-\-bnepw s]cp-am‰ coXn-bnepw \mS-Iob am‰ßƒ D≠m-°m≥ A\m-bmkw km[n-°psa-∂v Im´n-Ø-cp-∂p. AXn-i-b-sa∂v ]db-s´, GXm\pw Nne Po\p-Iƒ am{Xsa

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Dƒs∏-´n-´p-≈p-sh-¶nepw D≠m-°p∂ am‰w Xo¿Øpw \mS-Io-b-am-Wv. AXn-th-KØnepw GXm\pw \q‰m-≠p-I-f√ adn®v Z-i-e-£-°-W-°n\v h¿j-߃ th≠n h∂n-´p-≠mhmw F∂p tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ hn-[w \mS-Io-ba - mWv Cu am‰-߃. C{Xb-[nIw ]cn-Wm-aa - m-‰ß - ƒ GXm\pw ZiI-ßf - ntem \q‰m-≠p-If - ntem kw`-hn-°msa-¶n¬ ]tØm \qtdm Zi-e-£w h¿jß-ƒ sIm≠v kw`-hn-°m-\n-S-bp≈ am‰ß-sf ]‰n H∂m-temNn®p t\m°q.''(50) {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Hcp Pohntbm Po-hn-h¿ - K-tam as‰mcp Pohnh¿K-ambn amdn-bX - n∂v As√-¶n¬ ]cn-Wa - n-®X - n\v hy‡hpw kv]jvShpw hkvXp\njvTa - mb sXfn-thXpw e`y-a√ - m-ØXv sIm≠v Xmc-Xay ]T\ kt¶--X-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\v sXfnhp-s≠∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°m-\p≈ {ia-am-WnXv. ssPh kky temIsØ Krl]cn]m-e-\-Øn\v \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-߃ ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ \nc-Øp-∂p-≠.v Ah-bnNneXv ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv tUm°n-≥kv Gsd Bth-i-]q¿hw Ah-X-cn∏n-® Krl-]-cn-]m-e\w hne-bn-cpØn apt∂m-´p-t]m-Imw. Cu Xmc-X-ay-Øn-eqsS tUm°n≥kv ]d-bm≥ {ian-°p∂Xv X¬ am‰-߃ kw`hn-°p-∂Xv \mw ImWp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Yepw am‰-߃ h∂n-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ Xh∂ am‰-߃ bmZr—n-I-amtbm kzm`mhn-I-amtbm ss\k¿Kn-I-amtbm kw`-hn°p-∂n-√. AhnsS am‰-߃ kw`-hn-°p∂Xv tUm°n≥kv hy‡-am-°nb t]mse "\n-bX - a - mb Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-If - n-eqsS Po≥ ]qƒ IS™ kv^pSw sNbvXpw' hcp-Øp∂ am‰-ß-fmWv. AsX X¬ hcp∂ am‰ß-ƒ a\p-jy-s\∂ FIvtÃ-W¬ G-P‚ns‚ IrXyhpw t_m[-]q¿hhpw _p≤n]q¿h-hp-amb Bkq-{X-WØ - n-eq-sS-bp≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ aqe-am-Wv. Krl-]c - n-]m-e\ - sØ Xmc-Xayw sNøp∂-Xn-eqsS kwPm-Xa - m-Ip-∂Xv Y¬ Fs¥¶nepw am‰w kw`-hn-°W - s - a-∂p-s≠-¶n{]-IrXn IrXyhpw t_m[, _p≤n-]q¿hamb Bkq-{X-W-Øn-eqsS CS-s]-Sp∂ aq∂mw I£n (Third party)bmbn h¿Øn°m≥ _p≤nbpw t_m[-hp-ap≈ hy-‡ntbm hkvXpthm {]Xn-`m-ktam Bth-≠Xp-≠v. krjvSn, Bkq-{X-W-hm-Z-ßsf \ymbo-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n-te°pw AwKo-Ic - n-°p∂-Xn-te°pw tUm°n≥kpw ]cn-Wm-ah - nizm-kn-Ifpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]cn-W-an-

°p∂ IuXpI ImgvNb - m-Wn-Xn-eqsS ImWp-∂-Xv. (Bkq-{X-W-hm-Z-sØ-°p-dn®v tUm°n≥kv ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ N¿® sNøp∂p-≠v. hnjbw AhnsS N¿® XpScmw). tUm°n≥kpw ]cn-Wma hnizm-kn-Ifpw ka¿Yn-°p-∂X - ,v {]IrXn\n¿[m-cW - s - a∂ ]cn-WmatZh\v YbpsS Poh-\-co-Xn-Iƒ Xo-cp-am-\n-°m\pw, AXn-en-S-s]-Sm\pw AXns‚ h¿Ø-am-\hpw `mhnbpw \n¿Wbn®v Bh-iy-amb \S-]S- n-{I-aß - ƒ kzoIcn®v Ysb am‰n-a-dn®v ]pXnb Pohn h¿Kß-fm°n ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°m\pw hym]n-∏n°m\pw \ne-\n¿Øm-\p-ap≈ `mcn® DØc-hm-Zn-Øhpw Ign-hp-ap≈ Bkq-{X-I\ - mbn amdp-I-bmWv {]IrXn! Krl]cn-]m-e-\-sØ kw_-‘n®v tUm°n≥kv ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Nne DZm-lc - W - ß - ƒ \ap°pw ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-Smw. ""Cu taJ-e-bnse Iº-ap-≈-h¿ (Funciers) sa®-s∏´ kzchpw cq]-`w-Knbpw In´m\mbn ssa\m ]£n-Isf (Canaries) {_oUv sNøm-dp-≠v. Im´p-ssa-\-Iƒ Xhn´p Ie¿∂ a™ \nd-ap≈ Ipcp-hn-I-fm-Wv. (Finch) ImWm≥ A{X sa®-sam-∂p-an√ Xm\pw. {_oU¿am¿ B ]£n-bn¬ kw`hn-°p∂ `n∂ D¬∏-cn-h¿Ø-\߃ hcpØp∂ h¿W hyXn-bm-\-߃ kkq-£vaw ]n¥p-Sc - p-Ibpw B \nd-°q-´n¬\n∂pw ssa-\m ]£n-bpsS t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp khn-tij a™-\ndw sXc-s™Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns\ "ssI\dn a™' (Canary yellow) F∂-dn-bs - ∏-Sp-∂p.

CsXm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw ssa\m-∏£ - n°v B t]cp hoWXv sIbv\dn Zzo]p-If - psS t]cn¬\n-∂m-Wv. A√msX Kme-∏t- Kmkv Zzo]p-I-fpsS (Galapagos Islands) ImcyØn¬ kw`-hn-®X - p-t]mse sIbv\d - n-If - n¬\n-∂√ {]kvXpX Zzo]n\v B t]cv hoW-Xv. kv]m\njv `mj-bn¬ Ba-bv°p≈ ]Z-Øn¬\n∂mWv Kme-∏-tKm-kn\v B t]-cv h∂-Xv. ssa\m ]£n-Iƒ IqSp-Xepw Adn-bs - ∏-Sp-∂X - v Ah-bpsS ]m´ns‚ t]cn-em-Wv. Cu Ignhpw kºp-jvSa - m-°p∂-Xnepw a\pjy {_oU¿am¿ \√ ]¶v hln-®n-´p-≠.v Np≠v AS-®p-]n-Sn®p ]mSm≥ Ign-bp∂ tdmf-dp-Iƒ (Rollers) Dƒs∏sS \nc-h[n ]m´p-Imsc ]£n-Iƒ°n-S-bn-¬\n∂pw \mw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.'' (51) CXp-t]mse hen-®p-\o-´nb CØcw hmN-I-ß-fm¬ kºp-jvS-amWv ]pkvXIw. a\p-jy¿ ssa\-Isf {_oUp sNbvXn´p≠v F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv sIm≠v AXv ]cn-

Wm-a-Øn-\p≈ sXfn-hm-Ip∂ kq{X-hmIyw Fs¥∂v IqSn hni-Zo-Ic - n-t°-≠n-bncn-°p-∂p. AØcw {ia-ßfpw ]pkvX-IØn-ep-≠v. ""DZym\ ]pjv]ß - f - psS ImcyØn-se∂ t]mse X߃°p-apºv s]¨ t^-k‚p-IfpsS {_oUp sNbvsXSpØ B¨ t^k‚p-Isf IqSp-X¬ ]cn-jvIcn-°p-Ib - mWv t^U‚p-Isf {_oUp sNøp-∂ a\p-jy¿ sNbvXX - v. AXv hgn tKmƒU≥ t^k‚p-Isf IÆ©n∏n°p∂

{]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Hcp Pohntbm Po-hnh¿Ktam as‰mcp Pohnh¿K-ambn amdn-b-Xn∂v As√-¶n¬ ]cn-W-an®-Xn\v hy‡hpw kv]jvShpw hkvXp\njvT-amb sXfn-thXpw e`ya-√m-ØXv sIm≠v Xmc-Xay ]T\ kt¶-Xa- p-]t- bm-Kn®v ]cn-Wm-aØ - n\v sXfn-hp-s≠∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°m\p≈ {ia-am-Wv- C∂v \S-∂p-h-cp∂-Xv.

2013 tabv

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amXr-I-Iƒ D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXm-bXv s]¨ t^k‚p-Iƒ \SØnb {_o-Un-ßns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv a\pjy {_oU¿am¿ \S-Øn-b-Xv. ChnsS GXm\pw Nne D¬∏-cn-h¿Ø-\-߃ hgn-bp≈ hyXn-bm\w ]n¥p-S¿∂mWv CXv km[ns®-Sp-Ø-Xv.(52) ChnsS tUm°n≥kv ]dbp∂Xv t^k‚p-Iƒ CW-Isf {_oUv sNbvsX-Sp-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂Xv a\p-jy¿ Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw ]ptcm-KX - n-bn-te°v \bn°p-Ibpw sNbvsX-∂mWv F¥mWv AØ-cw Hcp h¿Ø-am-\Ø - n\v At±-lØ - ns‚ ]°-ep≈ sXfnhv F∂v ]d-bm-ØXv sIm≠v AXpw tIhew Dulw Xs∂.

Ir{Xna {_oUn-ßn-s\-°p-dn®v hmNme-\m-Ip∂ tUm°n≥kv ]e kky-ßfpw P-¥p-°fpw CWsb {_oUv sNøp-∂ps≠-∂m-Wv- ]dbp∂Xv. G‰hpw BI¿jI-amb B¨ abn-ep-Isf CW tNc-ens]¨ abn-ep-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xp Imc-Ww, G‰hpw kuµ-cy-ap≈ B¨ a-bn-ep-Iƒ am{Xw AXn-Po-hn-°p-sa∂pw BI¿j-I-amb ]qhp≈ ]qh≥ tImgnI-sf ]nS-t°mgn Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv aptJ\ ]qh≥am-cnse ]qhns‚ kuµcyw h¿[n®p h¿[n®p hcp-sa∂pw At±lw ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. AØcw sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Ifn-eqsS kuµcyw IqSp-X-ep≈ B¨ abn-ep-If - p-sSbpw ]qh≥ tImgn-If - p-sSbpw Xe-ap-dI - ƒ \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw A√m-Øh C√msX BIp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂pw Fgp-Xp-∂p.

AXv t]mse a\p-jy¿ P¥p-°-fnCS-s]´v kz`mham‰-߃ hcp-Øp-∂-Xns\-°p-dn®pw tUm°n≥kv Fgp-Xp-∂p-≠v.

Ip-dp-°≥am-cnepw Kn∏n a’y-ß-fnepw

A-Øcw am‰-߃ {]I-S-am-bXpw A-t±lw DZm-lc - n-°p-∂p. tUm°n≥kns‚ hm° - p-Iƒ ""sacp°w (Tameness)AX-s√-¶nAXv t]mse as‰-s¥-¶nepw Ign-hp-Iƒ {]IrXn]c-amtbm Ir{Xn-aa- mtbm Fßs\ hm¿sØ-Sp-°m-sa-∂X - n-s\-∏‰n B[p-\nI ImeØv Bth-iI - c - a - mb Hcp ]co-£Ww \S-∂n-´p-≠v. tcma hym]m-cØ - n\v D]-tbmKn-°m-\mbn djy≥ kn¬h¿ Pw_pI≥am¿°n-Sb - n¬ (Russian silver foxes) \SØnb Hcp ]cn-io-e\ - ] - ≤ - X - n-bm-WX - .v \ap°p≈ ]mTw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ Cu ]co-£Ww {]Zm\w sNøp∂ Bthiw Cc´n-°p-∂p. Km¿lnI ]cn-]m-e\w, {_o-Unßv sXc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ]m¿iz-^-e-߃, {]IrXn \n¿[m-c-Whpw Ir{Xna \n¿[mc-Whpw XΩn-ep≈ kam-\-X-Iƒ F∂nh-sb-∏‰n Um¿hn≥ Adn-™-Xn∂pw a\ n-em-°n-b-Xn∂pw D]-cn-bmb Imcy-ßfmWv Cu ]mTw \ap°v e`y-am-°p-∂X - .v (53) Cu ]co-£Ww \ap°v ]cn-N-b-s∏Smw. ""hƒ∏kv hƒ∏kv (Vulpes vulpes) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]cn-Nn-X-amb Nph-∏≥ Ipdp-°≥am-cn¬ \nd-ssh-Pm-Xy-ap≈ Hcn\-amWv djy≥ kn¬h¿ Ipdp-°≥. at\ml-c-amb tcma-amWv AXns‚ aqeyw h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. djy≥ P\n-XI imkv{X⁄-\mb Znan{Xn _teyhv (Dimitri Balyaev) 1950 Ifn¬ Hcp Ipdp-°≥ ^m-ans‚(Fox farm)\S-Øn-∏p-Im-c\ - mbn tPmen t\m°n-bn-cp-∂p.''(54) Znan{Xn _teyhv Ipdp-\cn ^man(Fox farm) tPmen sNøp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bnIs≠-Ønb Imcy-ßs - f-¥m-bn-cp∂p F∂v IqSn a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv DNn-Xa - m-bn-cn-°pw.

""h-\y-X-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ Ipdp-°≥amsc ssI-Im-cyw sNøpI A{X Ffp-∏a - √ - . sacp-°w e£y-an´v Ahsb t_m[-]q¿hw {_oUv sNøm-\mWv _teyhv BZyw ]cn{i--an-®-Xv. A°m-esØ GsXmcp k-ky˛-Pohn {_oU-sdbpw t]mse sXc-s™Sp-∏n-\mbn {]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-ambn Xs∂ e`yam-Ip∂ hyXn-bm-\ß - ƒ NqjWw sNøm\mWv At±lhpw Xp\n-™Xv... Ipdp-°-

A{I-a-Im-cn-b-√mØ a\p-jys\ t]Sn-°p∂ Ipdp-°s\ CW-°nsb-SpØXv hnh-cn®v t]Pp-Iƒ \nd-®-Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw ]cn-Wm-aØn\v sXfn-hm-In-√. kl-{km-_vZß-fmbn Im´parK-amb B\ a\pjys‚ hml-\hpw `mc-hm-lI - \pw bp≤-ap-∂-Wn-bnse t]mcm-fn-bpam- W v . AsXm∂pw bmsXmcp XcØnepw ]cn- W m- a - s Øbpw {]IrXn\n¿[m- c - W - s Øbpw \ymbo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sXfn-bn-°pI-bp-an√.

2013 tabv

44

≥-Ip-™n\v ssIbn¬ Blmcw h®v amSn hnfn-°p-Ibpw Ah h∂v Xn∂p-tºmƒ tXmfØpw ]pd-Øp-sams° X´n emfn°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p AXn-semcp ]co-£Ww... sacp°w e£y-an´v tIhew Bdv Xe-ap-d-Iƒ {_oUv sNbvX-t∏m-tg°pw Ipdp-°≥am¿ icn°pw amdn-°g - n-™n-cp-∂p.

AtXmsS {_oU¿am¿ B ]pXnb Im‰K-dn°v "Krl ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v hnt[-bam-b Ipeo-\¿' (Domestical elite) F-s∂mcp {]tXyI t]cpan-´p. apdp-ap-dpØv {i≤bm-I¿jn-°m≥ Ah ioen-®p. ]co-£Ww \S-Øp-∂-hsc \mb-Isf t]mse aW∏n-°m\pw \°m-\p-sams° X¬]-cc - m-bncp∂ Cu hn`m-K-Øn\v s]mXpsh a\pjy-cp-ambn ASp-°m≥ \√ D¬km-l-ambn-cp-∂p.''(55) hfsc Bkq-{Xn-Xa - mb ]co-£W - ß - fn-eqsS hf¿Øp∂ Ipdp-°≥amsc CW°-ap-≈-Xm-°m≥ Ign™p F∂-XmWv Cu ]co-£-W-ß-fnse BsI-Øp-I. a\p-jys\ I≠m¬ HmSn-bI - e - p∂ a\p-jyZrjvSn ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcmsX ]em-b\ Zqcw(Flight distance) ]men-°p∂ Ipdp-°≥amsc AXns‚ tcmaw DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°pI F∂ e£y-tØmsS sacp°n hf¿Øp∂ ^man-emWv Cu ]co£Ww. `£-Wm-hiy-Øn\pw a‰pw a\p-jy-cp-ambn CW-°an-√mØ \mb, ]q®, Im° XpS-ßnb P¥p-°ƒ a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂v˛A-hs‚ A{Ia-Øn¬\n∂v˛HmSn-c-£-s]-Sm≥ am{Xw AIew {i≤n®v {i≤-tbmsS CS-s]-SpI-bpw `£Ww tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

CXv a\p-jy-tcmSv am{X-a√ a‰p Pohn-Itfm-Spw ]men-°p-∂p. adp]-£Øv \n∂v {]-Xn-Ic - W - a - n-s√-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-XASp-Øv hcp-∂p. Ah°v `£-Whpw {]mY-anI Bh-iy-ßfpw (C-W-tN-cm\pw {]k-hn-°m\pw k¥m\ ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\pw a‰pap≈) Bh-iy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p∂Xpw a\p-jy≥ Xs∂. Ah-‰-I-fn¬ Nnehsb t_m[-]q¿hw CW-°n-sb-SpØp.

AXns\ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\pw {]IrXn \n¿[-m-c-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ sXfn-hmbn Ah-X-cn∏n-°p-I-bmWv tUm°n≥kv ChnsS sNøp-∂X - .v a\p-jy-Zr-jSv n-bn¬ hcmsX ]emb-\-Zqcw ]men-°p∂ Ipdp-°≥am¿ a\pjy-\p-ambn CWßn F∂-Xm-Wt√m sXfnhm-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Ipdp-°\v a\p-jys\ B-{I-an-°pI, sIme-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂ kz`mh-w C√ F∂Xv {]tXyIw ]cn-K-W-

\o-ba - m-W.v F∂m¬ X°w In´n-bm¬ a\pjys\ B{I-an-°p-Ibpw sIm∂p Xn∂pI-bpw sNøp∂ knwlw, ISp-h, ]pen Xp-S-ßnb lnw{k P¥p-°sf ]cn-K-Wn°p-I. a\p-jy≥ t_m[-]q¿hw Ah-‰-Ifn¬ kpc-£nX ]em-b\ Zpcw (Safe Flight distance) ]men-°p∂-Xn¬ {i≤n-°p-∂p.

A-Øcw A{I-aI - m-cn-If - mb lnw{k arKßsf a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ Xs‚ {]b-Xv\Øn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-Nc - W - Ø - n-eq-sSbpw ]cnio-e\ - Ø - n-eq-sSbpw CW-°n sacp°n FSp-°p∂p F∂v am{X-a√ Ah-‰I - sf XßfpsS sNm¬]Sn°v \n¿Øn ASn-a-the sN-øn-°p∂p F∂Xv GsXm-cmƒ°pw Adn-bm-hp-∂-X-s√. GsXmcp k¿°kv Iq-Sm-cß - f - n-sebpw apJy BI¿jWw CØcw lnw{k P¥p-°-fpsS A`ymk {]I-S\ - ß - f - mWv CØcw lnw{k arK-ßf - psS A`ymk{]I-S-\-߃ ImWm\pw Bkz-Zn-°m\pw a\p-jy-cnse `ocp-°-fn`ocp t]mepw Xøm-dm-hp-∂p. 2000¬ Zp_mbn¬ Hcp sibvJns‚ ho´n¬ Ahn-SpsØ Poh-\° - m-c\ - mb kplr-Øns\ ImWm≥ t]mbXv ad-°m-\m-hn-√. Ahn-SpsØ ASp°-fbpw Ãm^v At°m-a-tU-j\pw tN¿∂ tªm°n-emWv t]mb-X.v AhnsS sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS IqsS as‰mcp Xma-k-°mc-\pw D≠m-b-cp-∂p. B At¥-hm-knsb ]cn-Nc - n°m≥ C¥ym-°m-c\ - mb Hcp ]cnNm-cI - \pw. B At¥-hmkn Ahn-SpsØ a\p-jy-cpsS IqsS Ah-cpsS s_Uvdq-apI-fnepw kzoI-cW - a - p-dn-bnepw ASp-°f kap--®b - Ø - nepw Hcp IpSpw-_mw-KsØ t]mse kzX-{¥-ambn \S-°p-∂p. F√m-bt-v ∏mgpw ]cn-Nm-cI - ≥ Iq´n-\p-≠m-hn-√. B hn. sF.- ]n a‰m-cp-a√ km£m¬ ]p≈n-∏pen-bm-bn-cp-∂p. BZy ImgvNb - n¬ A¬]w `bw tXm∂n F¶nepw ]n∂oSv IuXp-Ihpw hm¬k-ey-hp-ambn ]cn-Wa - n-®p AXnt\m-Sp≈ hnIm-cw.

CØcw A{I-aI - m-cn-If - mb lnw{k P¥p-°ƒ t]mepw a\p-jy-\p-ambn C-Wßn kl-h¿Øn-ØtØmsS Pohn-°p∂ ImgvN-Iƒ H‰-s∏-´-X-√. A{I-a-Im-cn-b√mØ a\p-jys\ t]Sn-°p∂ Ipdp-°s\ CW-°n-sb-SpØXv hnh-cn®v t]Pp-Iƒ \nd-®X - p-sIm≠v am{Xw ]cn-Wm-aØ - n\v sXfn-hm-In-√. kl-{km-_Zv ß - f - mbn Im´parKamb B\ a\p-jys‚ hml-\hpw `mchm-lI - \pw bp≤-ap-∂W - n-bnse t]mcm-fnbp-am-Wv. AsXm∂pw ]cn-Wm-a-sØbpw {]IrXn \n¿[m-c-W-sØbpw \ymbo-I-cn-

°p-Ibpw sXfn-bn-°p-Ib - p-an√ F∂v Xncn®-dn-bm≥ hI-Xn-cn-hn-√m-Øh - c - mtWm tUm°n≥kpw ]cn-Wma aX hnizm-kn-I-fpw! as‰m-cp-Zm-l-cWw tUm°n-≥-kn-¬-\n∂v """\mb' F∂v \man∂v hnfn-°p∂ arKw a\p-jy≥ Krl-]c - n-]m-e\ - Ø - n-eqsS am‰na-- d---- ----- n® sN∂mb BsW∂p Rm≥ ]d™p. ]s£, Cu hnjbw \mb-bpsS ]cn-Wm-asØ kw_-‘n® Bth-i-I-camb kn≤m-¥Ø - ns‚ shfn-®Ø - n¬ hnebn-cp-tØ≠ _m[yX IqSn F\n-°p-≠v.

Chn-sSbpw tdm_¿´v tIm]nw-K-dmWv hy‡- a m- b n Imcy- ß ƒ \n¿[m- c Ww sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. \mb ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ Bibw tI-he - w Ir{Xna ]cn-Wm-aØ - nam{X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√. sN∂mb a\p-jys‚ Bh-iy-߃°-\pk-c-W-ambn {]IrXn\n¿[m-c-W-Øns‚ hgn-Øm-c-bn-eqsS kzbw ]cp-h-s∏-´-

\mb]cn-Wm-asØ Ipdn®v Hcp-]msS- gp- X n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v tUm°n- ≥ kv .

AXv ]cn-Wma aX ^en-Xa- mbn Bkz-Zn-°p-∂X - n¬ bm-sXm-cp ssha\kyhpw th≠. \mb {]-Ir-Xn \n¿-[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Ir{Xna \n¿[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Krl-]-cn]m-e-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw \mb-bmbn Xs∂ ]cn-W-an-®p F∂v Kth-jWm-flI ]co-£-W-Øn-eqsS sXfn-bn-°p-I-bmWv tUm°n≥kv ChnsS \n¿h-ln-®-Xv. C\n-bp-ap≠v C-Ø-cw ]cn-WmasØfn-hp-Iƒ.

2013 tabv

45

Xns‚ hnj-bhpw Ahn-sS-bp-≠v. AXmbXv \mw Nne sN-∂m-b-Isf \mb-I-fm°n-bXv t]mse a‰p Nne sN∂m-b-Iƒ t_m[-]q¿h-a-√msX kz-bw \mbbmbn ]cn-W-an-®n-´p-≠v. \mb-bpsS BZy Krl]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn¬ ]e-Xpw sN∂m-b-Iƒ kzbw kzoI-cn® Krl-]-c-n-]m-e-\-amWv (Self-domestication) Ir-{Xn-a \n¿[m-c-Wa√ adn®v \n¿[m-cW - a - m-Wn-hnsS a[y-ÿX hln®Xv. Ir{Xna \n¿[m-c-W-Øns‚ D]-I-c-W-s∏-´n-bpsS ta¬ \mw ssIsh°p-∂-Xn\v hfsc apºv Xs∂ bmsXm-cphn-[ a\pjy CS-s]-S-ep-an-√msX Xs∂ sN-∂m-bI - ƒ "\m´p-\mb' (Village dog) Bbn kzbsa Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v hnt[b--am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Cu L´-Øn-\p-ti-ja - mWv a\p-jy≥ Cu \m´p-\m-bI - sf Hmtcm∂m-bn kzoI-cn®v XpS¿ ]cn-]m-e\ - Ø - n-eqsS Ah-bpsS cq]-`m-hß - ƒ am‰n-ad- n-®X - .v (56) \mb ]cn-Wm-asØ Ipdn®v Hcp]msSgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v tUm°n≥kv. AXv ]cn-Wma aX ^en-X-ambn Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬ bmsXm-cp ssha\kyhpw th≠. \mb {]Ir-Xn \n¿[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Ir{Xna \n¿[m-cW - Ø - n-eq-sSbpw Krl-]c - n-]m-e\ - Øn-eq-sSbpw \mb-bmbn Xs∂ ]cn-Wa - n®p F∂v Kth-jW - m-flI ]co-£W - Ø - neqsS sXfn-bn-°p-I-bmWv tUm°n≥kv ChnsS \n¿h-ln-®X - v. C\n-bp-ap≠v C-Øcw ]cn-WmasØfn-hp-Iƒ. thW-sa-¶n_kv, _kmbpw hnam\w hnam-\-ambpw sX-ßv sXßmbpw Ddpºv Ddp-ºmbpw ]-

cn-W-an®Xns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n°p-∂Xv GsX-¶nepw \nkm-c-°m-c-\-√.

C-∂v temIØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ G‰hpw D∂-X\pw HmIvkvt^m¿Uv bqWnth-gvkn‰n ap≥ s{]m^-k-dp-amb ]cn-Wma-hpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw sXfn-bn-°m\pw ka¿Yn-°m\pw ÿm]n-°m\pw Xs‚ kabw ]cn-]q¿W-ambn \o°n-h® dn®m¿Uv tUm°n≥kv F∂ \s´-√p≈ Pohn-bmWv.(57) - F∂Xv Gsd Bthiw ]I-cp-∂XmWv. temIØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-cnA-Xyp-∂X - \ - mb ]cn-Wma aX {]t_m-[Is‚ ]°¬\n∂v CØcw Hcp ^enXw te-mIw Bkz-Zn-t°-≠X - p-≠v.

Krl-]c - n-]m-e\ - Ø - n-eqsS kky-ßf - nepw sNSn-I-fnepw am‰w kw`-hn-°p-∂p.

F-∂-Xm-Wt√m {]IrXn \n¿[m-c-WØn\pw AXp-hgn ]cn-Wm-aØ - n\pw sXfnhmbn ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ BZy-`m-KØv Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂X - .v Krl ]cn-]m-e\w P¥pkky temIØv F{X-tØmfw am‰w hcp-Øpw F∂v IqSn hne-bn-cp-Ømw. DZml-c-W-Øn\v Db¿∂ tXmXn¬ a[pcw e`n-°p∂ Icnºv Xnc-s™-SpØv h-f-¿ØnsbSpØm¬ a[pcw ]cn-[n-I-tf-Xp-an√msX h¿[n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°ptam? AXvt]mse FÆ-°p-cp-hmb tNmf-Øn-s‚ FÆ-bp-Xv∏m-Z\ tijn h¿[n®v tNm-f°p-cp-hnse FÆ-bpsS Afhv 100 iXam-\Ø - ntem \qdp iX-am-\Ø - n-\S- ptØm FØp-tam. Cs√-∂m-Wv hkvXp-X. GXv

k-ky-sØ-bm-bmepw AXns‚ Izmfn‰n h¿[n-∏n-°m-\p≈ {iaw Hcp ]cn-[n-bn-seØn-bm¬ \n¬°pw. GsXmcp PohnbpsS Ahÿbpw AXpt]mse Xs∂. DZm-lc-W-Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI tcmK-Øn-s\Xnsc {]Xn-tcm[w t\SpI As√-¶n¬ {]tXy-I Imbn-It- ijn hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°pI Xp-S-ßnb coXn-bn¬ Hcp P¥p-(h¿Kw) ]p-tcm-KXn t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw CXp-t]mse ]cn-[nbpw ]cn-an-Xn-bp-ap-≠v. tUm°n≥kv CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ""C√n-t\mbn FIvkv]n-cn-sa‚ v tÃj\nse Irjn imkv{X-⁄¿ hfsc ]t≠,- AXm-bXv 1896 apX¬ sNbvXp-h-cp∂ Hcp ]co-£W - a - m-Wn-Xv... BZy {Km^n-

_kv, _kmbpw hnam\w hnam-\ambpw sX-ßv sXßmbpw Ddpºv Ddp- º mbpw ]- c n- W - a n®Xns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv GsX-¶nepw \nkm-c-°m-c-\-√. C∂v temIØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xn¬ G- ‰ hpw D∂- X \pw HmIvkvt^m¿Uv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n ap≥ s{]m^-k-dp-amb dn®m¿Uv tUm°n≥kmWv.

2013 tabv

46

Iv Nn{X-Øn¬ tNmf hnØp-If - nse FÆbpsS Af-hns\ kw_-‘n® IW-°p-Iƒ c≠v Ir{Xna tcJ-I-fpsS klm-btØm-sS Nn{Xo-Ic - n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp tcJ IqSnb FÆbpsS km∂n-[yhpw at‰Xv Ipd™ km∂n-[yhpw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

CXv icn-°pw \S-Ø-s∏´ ]co-£Ww Xs∂-bm-Wv. t_m[-]q¿h-ap≈ c≠v CSs]-Sep ^e-amWv \man-hnsS Xmc-Xayw sN-øp-∂-Xv. hyXymkw hfsc \mS-Io-bam-sW∂v am{X-a√ AXv {ItaW h¿[n®p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. apI-fn-te-°p≈ t]m°pw Xmtg-°p≈ t]m°pw Ah-km\w Hcp ka-Xp-e-\m-hÿbn-embn C√mXm-Ip-∂Xpw ImWmw. ImcWw Ipd™ F-Æ km∂n[yw ]qPy-Øn¬ t]mIm≥ km-[y-a-√. IqSnb km∂n[yw hfsc kv]jvSa - mb Imc-Wß - f - m¬ Aß-s\-bm-IpI-bpan√.''(58) Cu {]kvXm-h\ - b - n¬\n∂v sNSn-Isf Krl-]c - n-]m-e\ - Ø - n-eqsS hfsc Hu∂-XyØn-te°pw AXp-t]mse Gsd A[-aXz-Øn-te°pw \bn°m≥ km[y-a√ F∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse Fen-I-fn\-SØ - nb Hcp ]co-£W - h - p-w IqSnb tUm°n≥kv hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. ""Ir{Xna \n¿[m-cW - Ø - ns‚ bYm¿Y i‡n shfn-hm-°p∂ as‰mcp et_m-d-´dn ]co-£Ww IqSn t\m°mw. as‰m-cp-Xc-Øn¬ \sΩ ]eXpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]co-£Ww Xs∂-bm-WX - v.'' ""...Z¥-£b - Øn-s\-Xnscbp≈ {]Xn-tcm-[t- i-jn-bpsS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ GXm≠v 17 Xe-ap-dI-fn¬ Fen-Isf sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv k-w_-‘n® IW-°m-Wv. F{X-Imew As√-¶n¬ F{X Znhkw Fen-Iƒ Z¥-£b-Øn¬\n∂v ap‡-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xns\ Bkv]Z- a - m-°n-bmWv ChnsS k-ab - w {Iao-Ic - n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. ]co-£W - Ø - ns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ Z¥-£b `oj-Wn-bn-√m-Xncp∂ icm-icn Ime-L´w 100 Znh-ka - m-bncp-∂p. GI-tZiw 12-˛-Hmfw Xe-ap-d-I-fn\S-Ønb sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-eqsS Z¥-£b - an-√mØ Ime-L´w GXm≠v \men-c´- ntbm AXn-e-[n-Itam Bbn Zo¿Ln-∏n-°m-\mbn. ho≠pw CXn\v hn]-co-X-ambn Z¥£-bw ]nSn-s]-Sp-∂Xv F{Xbpw t\c-sØbm-°m-\mbn sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-Ønb Fen-Isf {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic - n-°p∂ as‰mcp tcJbpw hc-®n-´p≠v.''(59) Chn-sS aqjn-I≥amcp-sS Z¥-£bw Xosc C√m-Xm-°m\pw G‰hpw ]mc-ay-Øn-se-Øn-°m-\p-ap≈ ]-

co-£-W-Ønepw ^e-{]m]vXn a[y-am-hÿ-bn¬ \n¬°p-I-bmWv F∂Xv Gsd {it≤-ba - m-W.v Cu c≠p et_m-d´- dn ]co-£W - ß - fn¬\n∂pw Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-hp-∂p.

B-kq-{Xn-Xhpw t_m[-]q¿h-hp-ambn kky-tem-IØpw P¥p-tem-IØpw \S-Ønb ]co-£-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v P¥p-hm-bmepw kky-am-bmepw Ahbv°v ]cn-[nbpw ]-cn-an-Xnbpw adn-I-S∂p Hcp am‰hpw km[y-as - √-∂m-Wv. Cu ]co-£W ^e-߃ IqSmsX CØ-cØ - n-ep≈ am‰-ßf - psS ]cn[nsb hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p∂ DZm-lc - W - ß - fpw tUm°n≥kns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Gsdbp-≠v. AXn-te°v t]mIp-∂n-√. Ir{Xna \n¿[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Krl ]cn-]m-e\-Øn-eq-sSbpw Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw _p≤n-]q¿hhpw \nb-Xa - mbn CS-s]-´n´p ^ew a[yam-hÿ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p F∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Hcp Pohn°pw Hcp kv]ojn-kn\pw as‰mcp Pohntbm kv]ojntkm Bbn ]cn-Wan-°m≥ km[y-as - √∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂p Cu ]co-£Ww Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw t_m[-]q-¿hhpw \nb-X-amb am¿K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v \SØnbn´pw hnti-jn®v am‰-ßs - fm-∂p-ap≠m-Ip-∂n√ F¶n¬ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ss\k-¿Kn-Ia - mbn bmsXmcp _mly CS-s]-S-

ep--an-√msX GsX-¶nepw Pohntbm ssPh-h¿Ktam Fß-s\-bmWv as‰mcp Po-hntbm ssPh-h¿Ktam Bbn ]cn-Wa - n-°pI F∂p sXfn-bn-°pI t]mbn´v hniz-kn-°pI?! ]s£ ]cn-Wma hnizm-kn-Iƒ Aßs\ hniz-kn®pw {]N-cn-∏n®pw sImt≠bn-cn-°pw. ImcWw ssZh-krjvSn F∂h-¿°v Nn¥n-°m≥ t]mepw Ah-cpsS Al-¶m-c-a-\p-h-Zn-°n-√.

Ref: 29 bp‡nZ¿i\w (]-cn-jvI-cn® ]Xn∏v) No-^v FUn-‰¿ bp. Iem-\m-Y≥, F. Sn tImhq¿ {SÃv, tImgn-t°m-Sv, t]Pv 1 30 AtX ]pkvXIw apJ-hpc t]Pv 5, ]pdw-N´ 31 www.en.wikipedia.org/niyandarthal 32 `qan-bnse G‰hpw al-Ømb Zriyhn-kvabw ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ: Un. chn-N-{µ≥ Un. kn _pIvkv, t]Pv 49 33 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 49 34 www.wikipedia.org/plato 35 www.wikipedia.org/anceanteagypt 36 www.wikipedia.org/indus_wally-civilization 37 www.wikipedia.org/neolithic_europe 38 bp‡n-Z¿i\w t]Pv 93 39 AtX ]pkvXIw, t]Pv 1

40 \mkvXn-I-\mb ssZhw: dn®m¿Uv tUm°n≥kns‚ temIw, kn. chn-N{- µ≥, Un. kn. _pIvkv, t]Pv 202 41 AtX ]pkvXIw, t]Pv 200 42 AtX ]pkvXIw, t]Pv 209 43 `qan-bnse G‰hpw al-Ømb Zriyhn-kvabw: ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ: t]Pv 52, 53 44 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 53, 54 45 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 54 46 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 56, 57 47 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 57 48 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 57 49 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 58 50 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 68 51 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 91, 92 52 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 91 53 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 112 54 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 112 55 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 112, 113 56 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 108,109 57 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 7 58 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 104, 105 59 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 105 (XpScpw)

(7mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®) b≥ teJ\߃' aebmfØn¬ A]q¿ham-W.v Iu¨knenwKv sk‚dnseØnb hnhmltamNnXbpsS kzImcyhn-jbßtfm-sSm∏w Xs‚ hnjbmk‡n IqSn ]pdsØ-Sp°msa∂v IcpXp∂ aq∂mwInS Iu¨-kne¿amcpsS "NnI™pt\m°v AkpJw' t]msebmhWw kz¥w teJ\-Øns‚ D≈S°w F∂v IcpXp∂hsc Ipdn-®v F¥v ]dbm≥!

AØcw kmwkvImcnI ]cZq-jW߃°v adp]Snsbßns\bmhWsa∂v H∂ntesd {]mhiyw A\p`hn®dnbm≥ Hcmƒ°v Ign™psIm≈W-sa∂pan√t√m. aX]finX¿ apX¬ kmlnXyImc-∑m-¿ hsc hnhmlØnepw hy‡nPohnX-Ønepw \SØnb ]e "ssI{InbIfpw' A-ßmSn∏m´mWv. \qdv IfhpIfpw tN¿Øv ImtXmSpImtXmcw ssIamdp∂ CØcw shfn]mSpIƒ°v enJnXcq]w sImSp°p-∂Xv F¥v BhnjvImckzm-X{¥y-Øns‚ B\pIqeyØnembmepw \oXoI-cn°m-hX√. ˛aplvkn≥ ssa{X

UqWns‚ Ckvemamt«jw \¬Ip∂ ]mTw Ckvemans\ hfsctbsd tamiamb `mjbn¬ `’n®v temIhym]Iambn hna¿i\ßtf‰phmßnb U®v kn\nabpsS \n-¿amXm°fn¬ Hcmfpw tlmf≠nse {][m\ cmjv{Sob I£nbmb {^oUw ]m¿´nbpsS t\Xmhpamb A¿tWmƒUv hm≥ UqWns‚ CkvemaXmt«jw Gsd Dƒ-]pfItØmsSbmWv {ihn®Xv. Xs‚ kn\nas°Xnsc h∂ i-‡am-b {]Xntj[w, B aXØns‚ A¥k-Øsb Ipdn®v IqSpX¬ ]Tn°m≥ t{]c-Iamsb∂pw AXneqsS aplΩZv \_nbpsS Z¿i\w hy‡ambn t_m[y-s∏s´-∂pw Uq¨ ]dbptºmƒ, sX‰p[-cn°p-∂h¿°v ]cnip≤ aXØns‚ k-tµi-ßsfØn®p sImSp°p∂Xn¬ \mw IrXyhntem]w \SØnbmep≠mhp∂ {]XymLmX߃ Hm¿Øpt]mhpIbmWv. Ckvemw Bt«jWØn\v tijw aZo-\ ]≈nbnseØpIbpw Camw ip-ssd-

2013 tabv

47

ap-ambn IqSn°mgv® \SØpIbpw APkod Nm\en\v A`napJw \¬IpIbpw sN-bvX At±lw, aXmt«jWØn\v tijw In´nb {]XnIcWßsf Ipdn®pw kw-kmcn®p. ]m¿´n t\Xm°fpw ]cn-Nb-°mcpw cmPyt{Zmlnsb∂pw FSp-ØN - m´°mcs\∂pw ]cnlkn°ptºmgpw Xm≥ Gsd Imeambn \SØnb ]T\-ß-fpsS-bpw a\\ßfpsSbpw ^eambn {kjvSmhv \¬Inb kΩm\amWv Ckvemsa∂ hnizmkØn¬ Dd®p \n¬°p∂p. icnbmb cq]Øn¬ Ckvemans\ {]t_m-[\w sNbvXm¬, ]Izamb cq]-Øn¬ hna¿i\ßtfmSv {]XnIcn®m¬ Bfp-Iƒ CXns\ ASpØdnbpsa∂pw s\t©-‰psa∂pamWv UqWns‚ Ckvemw Bt«jw {]t_m[I¿°v \¬Ip∂ ]mTw. E-Pphmb am¿KØn¬, Ignhns‚ ]camh-[n ]cnip≤ {]t_m[\w sNøm≥ {ian-°pI; AXn\p \mY≥ XpW°s´ F∂ {]m¿Y\tbmsS. ˛\nPn¬ K^mkv ]n.hn

IqSn-°mgvN ""Poht\msS `qanbn¬ Ccn°ptºmƒ aZyw Ign°mXncn°p∂ a\pjy¿ acn®v Acq]nIfmbn sN√ptºmƒ BtLmjn°m≥ aZy∏pgIƒ HgpIp∂ A_vImcn tIm¨{SmŒdpsS XeØnte°v A√msb Xcw XmgvØp∂ samlΩZmWv, A\pbmbnIƒ°v BZcWob\mb hy‡n. ChnsSbpw sam-lΩZns‚ Akw_‘w A√mbpsS Xebnembn. Cu hm°pIƒ samlΩZv aZy-e-l-cn-bn-em-bncn-°mw FgpXnbXv.'' aebmfØnse Hcp {]apJ tªmKdpsS Ia‚mWnXv. IqSn°mgv®bneqsS DØcw {]-Xo£n°p∂p. ˛kPo¿ sI, FShÆ

sXßn≥ I≈v F∂ hm°v el-cn-bp-≠m-°p∂ I≈ns\-Ip-dn-°m≥ am{X-a√ - , sXßn¬\n∂v t\cn´v e`n-°p∂ H´pw el-cn-bp-≠m-°mØ a[p-c-]m-\o-b-sØ-Ip-dn-°m\pw {]tbmKn-°m-dp-≠v. Ad_v \mSp-I-fn¬ _nb¿ F∂ t]cn¬Xs∂ H´pw el-cn-bp-≠m-°mØ ]m\obw e`y-am-Wv. Jwdv F∂ A-d_n ]Zw ap¥n-cn-bn¬\n-∂p-≠m-°p∂ aZy-sØ-Ip-dn-°m\pw el-cn-bp-≠m-°mØ a[p-c] - m-\o-bsØ Ipdn-°m\pw {]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. Jwdv (ho-™v) ap¥n-cn-bn¬\n∂v ]ngn-s™2013 tabv

Sp-°p-∂X - n-s\-Ip-dn®v Izp¿-B\ - n¬ (12:36) ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. ]ngns™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ AXv el-cn-]m-\o-ba - m-bn-cn-°p-Ib - n-√t- √m. kz¿K-Ønse ]m\o-b-߃ el-cn-bp-≠m-°m-Ø-Xm-bn-cn-°psa∂v Izp¿-B-\nse 37:47, 56:19 F∂o kq‡-ß-fn¬ hy‡am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. kz¿K-Øn¬ Jwdns‚ (a-Zy-Øn-s‚) Acp-hnI-fp-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d™ 47:15 kq‡-Øn¬ AXv elcn {Zmh-Ia - m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™n-´n√.

48

A√mlphns‚ {]hmNI\pambn clkykw`mjWw \SØpIbmsW¶n¬ \n߃ A-t±lØn\v ssIaS°v sImSp°Wsa∂mWv Izp¿B≥ 58:12s‚ Xm¬]cyw. hdpXnbpsS a°m\mfpIƒ°v tijw aZo\bnseØnb \_n kpJtemep]\msb∂pw AXn\v ssZhsØ Iq´p]nSn®v kz¥w Xm¬]cy߃ kwc£n°p∂ hN\߃ Cd°nsb∂pamWv CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nemhp∂Xv. adns®mc`n{]mbw \n߃°v Is≠Øm≥ Ignbptam? ˛{ioPnØv Xncp\mhmb

∏-d-bm≥ AsXmcp aXn-bmb \ymb-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnip≤ Izp¿-B-\nse 58:12 kq‡-Øn¬ A√mlp I¬∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv, dkq-ens‚  s]mXp-k-Z- n¬sh®v At±-l-tØmSv kwkmcn-°p-∂X - p-sIm≠v Xr]vXn-s∏-SmsX cl-ky-kw-`m-jWw \SØ-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-ap-≈-h¿ AXn\v apºmbn ]mh-s∏-´h¿°v h√ Zm\hpw \¬I-W-sa-∂mWv. A∂v hnizm-kn-Ifn¬ A[n-I-t]cpw Zcn-{Z-cm-bn-cp-∂p. {]hm-N-I-t\mSv cl-kykw-`m-jWw \S-Øm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂Xv Hcp _lp-aXn-bmbn ]e {]ap-Jcpw IW-°m-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Ah-sc ]co-£n-°m\pw Ah-cpsS FÆw \nb-{¥n-°m\pw th≠n--bmWv Ah¿ AXn\v apºv ]mh-s∏-´-h¿°v h√ Zm\hpw \¬I-W-sa∂v A√mlp I¬∏n-®-Xv. CXv Hcp \n¿_‘ _m[y-X-bmbn \n›-bn-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂v 58:12, 13 kq‡-ßfn¬\n∂pXs∂ {Kln-°m-hp-∂XmWv.

Pohn-XØ - n¬ Hcn-°epw apl-ΩZv \_n Bcn¬\n∂pw kz¥w Bh-iy-Øn\v Zm\w kzoI-cn-®n-´n-√. kIm-Øv, kZJ (\n¿_-‘hpw sF—n-I-hp-amb Zm\-߃) F∂o hIp-∏p-Ifn¬ s]´ bmsXm∂pw Xmt\m Xs‚ IpSpw-_mw-Kß - tfm A\p`-hn-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂ \ne-]m-Sn¬ At±lw BPo-h\ - m¥w Dd-®p-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. \_nbpsS ]u{X≥ Zm\kz-Øn¬s]´ Hcp CuØ-∏gw FSpØv hmbn-en-´-t∏mƒ At±lw AXv Xp∏n-°-f-bm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v ""\mw Zm\w `pPn-°m≥ ]mSns√ ∂v \n\-°-dn-™p-IqsS?'' F∂v tNm-Zn-®p-sh∂v _pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXn-´p≠v. ""CXn-s‚- t]-cn¬ \nß-tfmSv Rm≥ bmsXmcp {]Xn-^ehpw tNmZn-°p-∂n-s√∂v \o ]d-bWw'' F∂v A√mlp \_ntbmSv I¬]n-®X - mbn hnip≤ Izp¿-B\ - nse 25:57 kq‡Øn¬ ImWmw. CXn\v hncp-≤a - mbn \_n P\-ßf - n¬\n∂v Zm\w kzoI-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ i{Xp-°ƒ°v At±-lsØ X≈n-

temIØv \S°p∂ kv{Xo]oU\Øn\p≈ apgph≥ ImcWw icoc`mK߃ ]pdØv ImWp∂ h-kv{X[mcWcoXnbmsW∂mWv kvt\lkwhmZw amknI hmbn®m¬ tXm∂pI. Aßs\¶n¬ A-¬] hkv{X[mcnWnIfmb BZnhmkn kv{XoIft√ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]oU\a\p`hnt°≠Xv? am-{Xa√, C¥ybnse ]oUnXcn¬ `qcn]£hpw s]mXpÿeØv sh®√, ho´ntem tPm-en-ÿe - ß - fntem BWv ]oUn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. ChnsS hkv{XØns‚ {]k‡nsb¥v? {]iv\ßfpsS ImcW߃ NnI-bp∂nSØv A\mhiyhniZoIcW߃ \¬Ip∂Xv bYm¿Y {]iv\ßsf XakvIcn°mt\ CS hcpØq. ˛a\oj sNdphØq¿

F√m ]oU-\-Øn\pw ImcWw A¬]-h-kv{X-[m-c-W-amsW∂v kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂Xv hcn-Isf hkv{Xm-t£-]w sNbvX-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw. ssewKnI ]oU-\Ø - n\v _lp-hn[ Imc-Wß - f - p-≠m-Ipw. AsX-√mw ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xn-√. am\y-ambn hkv{Xw [-cn- ° - p∂ kv{XoIƒ hfsc Ipd-®p- am-{Xsa ssewKnI Itø‰-Øn\v Cc-bm-Ip-∂p-≈q-sh∂v am[ya dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Ahtem-I\w sNbvXm¬ hy‡-am-Ipw. BZn-hmkn kv{XoIƒ ssew-KnI Nqj-W-Øn\v [mcm-f-ambn Cc-bm-Ip-∂-Xmbn 2013 tabv

dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. ]pI-bn-eb - p-sSbpw aZy-Øn-s‚bpw a-b-°p-a-cp-∂n-s‚bpw {]tem-`-\-Øn¬ Ah¿ thKw hogp-∂Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw _em¬°mcw Hs´ms° Hgn-hm-Ip-∂Xv. hoSp-If - n¬ \S-°p∂ ]oU-\ß - ƒ°v {][m-\I - m-cWw c‡_-‘-p°-f-√mØ kv{Xo ˛]p-cp-j≥am¿°v hfsc ASpØv CS-]g- I - m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂X - m-W.v s]mXp-ÿe - ß - f - nepw s]mXp-hm-l\ - ß - f - n-ep-sams° ]oU-\ß - ƒ \S-°p-∂p-≠.v AwK-em-hWy {]I-S\w Fhn-sSbpw AXn-s\mcp t{]c-Ia - m-Imw.

49

k∑m¿Kw hn‰v Zp¿am¿Kw hmßp-∂-h¿ A-_q-A-ao≥A√mlp Ah-X-cn-∏n®, thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn-ep≈ Imcy-߃ ad®psh°p-Ibpw, AXn∂p hne-bmbn Xp—-amb t\´-߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - c - mtcm Ah¿ Xß-fpsS hb-dp-If - n¬ Xn∂p \nd-°p-∂Xv \c-Im-·n-b√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√. Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]ns‚ \mfn¬ A√mlp Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-°pItbm (]m]-ß-fn\n∂v)Ahsc kwip≤cm-°p-Itbm sNøp-Ib - n-√. Ah¿°v thZ-\t- b-dnb in£-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. k∑m¿K-Øn\v ]Icw Zp¿am¿Khpw ]m]-tam-N\ - Ø - n\v ]Icw in£bpw hmßn-bh - cm-Ip∂p Ah¿. \cIin£ A\p`-hn-°p-∂X - n¬ Ah¿s°-s¥mcp £a-bmWv! (2:174,175)

temI-c-£n-Xm-hmb A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K\n¿tZ-iß - ƒ A\p-kc - n®v Pohn-°m\p-≈ A\p-{Klw al-Ømb ku`m-Kyam--Wv. kXy-Øns‚ ]£Øv Dd®v \n-¬°m-\pw ssZhnI am¿KZ¿i\w e`n-°m\pw B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂t- Xm-sSm∏w k∑m¿K-Øn¬ \n∂v Zp-¿am¿K-Øn-te°v hgpXn t]mIm-Xn-cn°m-≥ Pm{KX ]ment°≠-Xpap≠v. \_n- hgn-tI-Sn¬ \n∂v c£tXSp-Ibpw k-∑m¿K-Øn-\mbn {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw ]Wn--sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. kXyw Adn™p F∂-XvsIm≠v am{Xw GsXm-cmƒ°pw kzoI-cn®p sIm-≈W-sa-∂n-√. tZtl-—Ifpw `uXnIkpJßfpw Hcm-fpsS a\- n¬ ÿm\w ]nSn°p-tºm-ƒ kXy-Øn\v t\sc Hcp-Xcw A-‘X - b - m-bn-cn°pw Abmƒ°p-≠m-hp-I. A-Ø-c-°m-cpsS IÆpw ImXpw lrZ-bhpw k∑m¿Kw kzoI-cn-°m≥ klm-bn°m-Ø hn[w D]-tbm-Ki - q-\y-am-bnt]mIp∂-XmWv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""F∂mXs‚ ssZhsØ X∂n-jvS-am-°n-b-hs\ \o I≠pthm? Adn™v sIm≠v Xs∂ A-√mlp Ahs\ ]ng-hn-em-°p-Ibpw, Ahs‚ ImXn\pw lrZ-b-Øn\pw ap{Z-sh°p-Ibpw, Ahs‚ IÆn\v ta¬ Hcp aqSn D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.''(45:23) {]hm-NI - s‚ ]nXr ktlmZc-\mb A_q--Xzmen_n\pw tdmam N{I-h¿Øn ln¿-°-en\pw kXyw t_m[y-s∏-´n-´pw AXv kzo-I-cn®v t\cns‚ ]£Øv \nebp-d∏n-°m≥ km[n-°msX t]mbXv X߃°v In´n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ P\-]n-¥pWbpw ÿm\-˛a - m-\ß - fpw \jvSs - ∏-Sp-sa∂ Nn¥-

bmbncp-∂p-sh∂v Ncn{Xw \sΩ Hm¿as∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ahn-izm-kn-If - psS kz`mh-am-bn-´mWv CØcw `uXnI {]a-ØZ hnip-≤ Izp¿-B≥ (14:2,3) ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-Sp-Øp∂Xv. kXy-hn-izm-kn-If - m-Is´ `uXn-ItemI--Øns‚ hne-bpw ]mc-{XnI temI-Øns‚ al-Xzhpw Xncn-®-dn-™-h-cm-bn-cn°pw. \_n ]d-bp-∂p. ""Cu `uXn-Item-Iw A√m-lp-hns‚ ]°¬ Hcp sImXp--Ins‚ Nnd-In-t\m-fs - a-¶nepw ÿm\-ap≈-Xm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ahn-izm-kn-bmb Hcmƒ°v ChnsS \n∂v Hcn-d°v sh≈w t]mepw IpSn-°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.''(Xn¿ap-Zn,- C-_v\p-amP) `uXn-I-X-bpsS ]f-]-f-∏n¬ h©n-Xcmbnt]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \mw \nc-¥cw {]m¿-Yn-°-≠-Xp≠v. A{]-Imcw Xs∂ k∑m-¿Kw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v a\pjy-s\ XS-bp∂ Hcp Zpxkz`m-ha - mWv Al--¥bpw Al-¶m-chpw. Al-¶m-cn-If - psS hmk-ÿ-e-amWv \c-I-sa∂v Izp¿-B≥ ]e-bn-SØpw Bh¿Øn®v ]d-™n-´p≠v.

Al-¥sb hni-Zo-Ic - n®v sIm≠v \_n ]-Tn-∏n-®Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv. ""Al-¶m-cs - a∂m-¬ kXysØ Ah-aX - n-°epw a‰p-≈hsc ]pOn-°-ep-am-Wv.''(apkvenw) A‘-amb A\p-I-c-W-߃°-∏p-dØ-v kXyt\zjWXrjvW-tbm-sS-bp≈ ]-T-\-Øns‚ A`mhw sIm≠pw k∑m-¿K-w \jvS-s∏´v t]mtb°mw \c-I-hm-knI--f psS hnem-]-am-bn Izp¿-B≥ Hm¿an∏n-°p-∂Xv ImWp-I. R߃ tIƒ°pItbm Nn¥n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ R߃ Pzen-°p∂ \c-Im-·n-bpsS

2013 tabv

50

A-h-Im-in-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn-em-Ip-am-bn-cp∂n√ F∂pw Ah¿ ]dbpw.''(67:10) A‘-amb \c-I-Øn-ep-sS hgn-sX-‰n°--s∏´ Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ sImSpw tJ-Zhpw hnem-]hpw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Hm¿as∏-Sp-Øp∂p≠v (2:166,167). {]hm-NI - ≥ ]Tn-∏n® k∑m¿K ktµi-߃ kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ ]eXpw ]d™ "\ymbw' Izp¿B≥ \ap°v ]d™v Xcp-∂Xv ImWpI. ""A√mlp Ah-X-cn∏n-®Xv \n߃ ]n≥]‰n Pohn-°pI F∂v Ah-tcmSv Bsc-¶nepw ]d-™m¬, A√, Rß-fpsS ]nXm-°ƒ kzoI-cn-®X - mbn I≠-tX R߃ ]n≥]-‰p-I-bp≈p F∂mbn-cn°pw Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv. Ah-cpsS ]nXm-°ƒ bmsXm-∂p-w Nn¥n®v a\- nem-°m-Ø-hcpw t\¿hgn Is≠-Øm-Øh-cp-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ t]mepw Ahsc ]n≥]-‰p-Ib - mtWm?''(2:170) ]nim-Nns‚ ]e-Xcw sIWn-Ifpw k∑m-¿K-Øn¬ \n∂v sX‰n®p If-bm≥X°hn-[-Øn¬ Ah≥ Hcp-°n-bn-´p-s≠∂pw A-hsb Ipdn®v Pm{KX ]men®v ]S-®-ht\mSv {]m¿Yn®v apt∂-dm≥ {ian-°p-Ib - mWv hnizm-kn-Iƒ th≠-sX∂pw Izp¿-B≥ sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v. ""Xo¿®-bmbpw ]nimNv \nß-fpsS i{Xp-hm-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Ahs\ \n-߃ i{Xp-hm-bn-Øs∂ KWn-°p-I. Ah≥ Xs‚ ]£-°msc £Wn-°p-∂Xv Ah¿ \c-Im-hI - m-in-If - psS Iq´-Øn-em-bn-cp-°phm-≥ th≠n am{X-am-Wv.''(35:6) kXy-]m-Xb - n¬ ASn-bp-d®v apt∂-dm≥ k-¿h-i-‡-\mb A√mlp \sΩ A\p{K-ln°s´! Bao≥