Introduction Table 1.2 Different tunnel transversal sections – horseshoe without invert, polycentric with invert and circular shape (measurements expressed in m) Project name
Tunnel function
Section peculiarity
Porrettana Railway Line (1864) Bologna– Florence Italy
Railway tunnel Horseshoe shape tunnel without invert
High-Speed Railway Tunnel Milan– Genoa Italy
Railway tunnel Polycentric shape tunnel with invert
Kat 3 Tunnel Istanbul Turkey
Mixed traffic Metro and road tunnel
Circular shape tunnel
Section sketch
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