Precinct Structure Plan Connecting Coburg by María Camacho

CONNECTING COBURG CELEBRATING DIVERSITY, COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC STREET LIFE

PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN MARIA CAMACHO | 743461 ABPL30060 URBAN PRECINCT STUDIO SEMESTER 2 2017

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CONTRIBUTORS

The author of this report would like to thankthe following representatives and agencies for their contribution to the Connecting Coburg Precinct Structure Plan 2017. Team of Infrastructure, James Bashford 639569 , Jeanette Tagal 713492, Poppy Scharkie 758516 and Tess Nettlefold 760114. The tutors of ABPL30060 Urban Precinct Studio 2017 Studio Tutor: Malhar Ravalia

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

C O N T E N T 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 PRECINCT OVERVIEW

Street Function Analysis Experiential Analysis Pedestrian Paths Development Key Stakeholders

3 PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

2.1 STRATEGIC CONTEXT 6 Metropolitan and Local Context Precinct Boundary Historical Context 2.2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 10 Population Socio - Demographics Home Ownership

3.1 ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES 26 Underutilized Land Pedestrian Experience Transport Management Heritage and Character 3.2 VISION 29 3.3 THEMES AND OBJECTIVES 30 3.4 RESEARCH 33

Rent and Share Houses Methods of Travel Industry in Moreland Zoning Schemes 2.3 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT 18 Facilities Legibility of the Urban Landscape Car Network Analysis Transport Network Analysis

3.5 STRATEGIC DIRECTION FOR FUTURE Land Use 3.6 STRATEGIC DIRECTION TO IMPROVE Access and Movement 3.7 STRATEGIC DIRECTION TO SHARE Public Spaces

36 44 53

4. IMPLEMENTATION 64

4.1 Stakeholders 4.2 Implementation Schedule

5. SUMMARY 68 References 4

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

1. INTRODUCTION Connecting Coburg Structure Plan presents long-term strategic vision and framework to develop a well connected community that celebrates its retail and multicultural character. It also identifies the strengths, weakness and opportunities of the community as well as the challenges to be undertaken. Furthermore, main issues of connectivity in Coburg will taken into account in order to provide a more pedestrian friendly and vibrant city. By defining a set of objectives and strategies that will be implemented progressively.

PURPOSE OF THE PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

This report has develop specific strategies that deal with low level of connectivity in urban communities. It established potential solutions that need to be achieved in order to provide a linked community in Coburg. The precinct structure plan seeks to deals with present and future needs of growing communities in the urban sector. It aims to create a liveable and prosperous community with affordable housing, efficcient and sustainable modes of transport as well as retail opportunities. The process and implementation of the plan involves local council, government agencies, private sector, developers and the community. CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

2. PRECINCT OVERVIEW 2.1 Strategic Context Metropolitan and LocaL Context The Coburg Precinct is located 8 kilometers from the Melbourne CBD passing through inner northern suburbs such as Parkville, Carlton, Carlton North, Brunswick East and West. Coburg is part of City of Moreland Community with a total area of 48ha which represent 14% of City of Moreland area. Coburg is strategically located next to a primary road M2 that connects Melbourne and other capital cities and major provincial centers. Furthermore, M2 freeway is considered the major freeway in Melbourne that links Melbourne Airport and CBD. 1..id - The Population Experts for City of Moreland web site <http://profile.id.com.au/moreland>

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Accessibility The selected site shows a rich diversity in terms of accessibility. The fastest route to access the site is by car. Moreover, tram, train are some of the main public transport methods that connects the site with Melbourne CBD. Finally, sustainable and affordable alternative is cycling which can take up to 37 minutes riding with a 8 km distances from CBD to the site. Overall, the precinct shows great connection to Melbourne CBD as well as to other inner suburbs.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Historical Context

Nearby volcanoes form a basalt plain, which over time tranisitons to a sparse forest and grassland landscape on shallow soil. Post-colonisation this prompts the development of quarying industries in the area.

Pre-historic Era

The area is part of the lands of the Wurundjeri-willam, a clan of the Woiworung people of the Kulin nation. The Wurundjeri-willam cultivate the land and practice firestick farming over a period of thousands of years.

Indigenous Era

The village of Pentridge begins to materialise with the construction of a methodist church at the corner of modern day Sydney Rd and Bell St. The church remains today. The establishment of a penal stockade and the goldrush turn Sydney Rd into a major thouroughfare and the primary road from Melbourne to the north and Sydney.

Colonial Era

Federation Era

Post-war migration from Western Europe turns Coburg into a highly multicultural community which continues to evolve and diversify today. Economic liberalisation leads to industrial decline, unempolyment and the redevelopment of vacated industrial land, shifting the areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s character from working class to gentrified.

Post-war/modern Era

- The Merri Creek features in Woiworung creation stories and is an important cultural site

- 1853: Pentridge National School, now Coburg Primary School, is established

- 1912: Classes commence at Coburg High School (Victoriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first high school), which closes in 1993

- 1995: A public campaign stops the State Government from closing the Upfield Line

- 1837: The area is named Jika Jika Parish after the leader of the local clan, also known as Billibellary

- 1855: Pentridge Cricket Club established

- 1912: Bridges Reserve established

- 1996: The City of Coburg is amalgamated with the City of Brunswick and parts of Broadmeadows to become the City of Moreland

- 1865: Last recorded corroboree in the area

- 1870: Pentridge is officially renamed Coburg, after the royal house of Saxe-Coburg - 1884: A train line opens terminating at Coburg Station

- 1916: Electric tramline along Sydney Rd is extended to Bell St - 1920: Train line to Coburg is electrified - 1922: Coburg is incorporated as a city

Source: Moreland City Council, 2010, City of Moreland Thematic History, prepared by Michele Summerton

Expansions and improvements to public transport and high demand following the First World War leads to rapid population growth and widespread subdivision of farmland. Civic institutions are formed and industries expand, giving the area a strong working class character.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

-1997: HM Prison Pentridge closes after 147 years

Precinct Boundaries The Connecting Coburg precinct encompasses the heart of Coburg, centered around the intersection of Bell Street and Sydney Road. The precinct extends from Ohea Street in the North to Munro and Harding Streets in the South and from the Upfield Trainline in the West to Bridges Reserve and Pentridge Boulevard in the East. The North-East of the site is bordered by the former Pentridge Prison, now undergoing redevelopment.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

2.2 Statistical Analysis Population

Average age by SA1, City of Moreland <30 years 30-31 31-32 32-33 33-34 34-35 (average) 35-36 36-37 37-38 Site boundary 38-39 39-40

Population density by SA1, City of Moreland 0 persons per hecatre 0-20 20-40 Site boundary 40-60 60-80 >80 0

1000

2000m

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2016 (Usual residence data). Compiled and presented in atlas.id by .id, the population experts

>40 years 0

1000

2000m

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2016 (Usual residence data). Compiled and presented in atlas.id by .id, the population experts

Population in the City of Moreland transitions from high density

The average age of Moreland also follows a geographic pattern. The

in Brunswick in the south to low density in the north. Within the

south, popular with students and young professionals has a lower

Connecting Coburg site boundaries, population density is lower than

than average median age, as does the north which is popular with

the surrounding area. This is reflective of the mixed use nature of the

families. The center, however, is home to older, more established

site.

families and retirees.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Socio - Demographics RELIGION

FAMILIES

Coburg

Moreland

3,100

17, 700

2,400

15,500

800

5,700

Families with

Families without

Single parent (ABS, 2016)

(Profile ID, 2016)

The most common responses for religion in Coburg (State Suburbs) were No Religion, so described 36.7%, Catholic 26.7%, Eastern Orthodox 8.5%, Not stated 8.0% and Islam 6.9%. In Coburg (State Suburbs), Christianity was the largest religious group reported overall (46.5%).

MEDIAN INCOME CAR OWNERSHIP Personal

Coburg

$675

Personal

Moreland

$680

Household

$1640

$1500 (Profile ID, 2016)

of households in Coburg own at least one car, compared to 79% in City of Moreland (Profile ID, 2016)

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Socio - Demographics EDUCATION

DIVERSITY & MULTICULTURALISM

•

Coburg is an ethno-culturally diverse suburb

•

Bustling Sydney Road as its main artery

•

Post-War: Coburg was mainly a working-class suburb,

providing manufacturing jobs

•

Influx of immigrants: mainly Italians, Greeks, Turks

•

1970s and 1980s : Lebanese migrants started settling in

large numbers

•

Demographic of younger urban professionals moving in

to the suburb

(ABS, 2016)

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME

Italian

10%

Greek

Arabic

HOUSING TYPES

64% Single House (ABS, 2016)

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

29% Medium-Density

7% High-Density (ABS, 2016)

Home Ownership

Homes owned outright by SA1, City of Moreland

Mortgaged homes by SA1, City of Moreland

0-10% 10-20% 20-30% Site boundary 30-40% 40-50% >50% 0

1000

2000m

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2016 (Usual residence data). Compiled and presented in atlas.id by .id, the population experts

0-10% 10-20% 20-30% Site boundary 30-40% 40-50% >50% 0

1000

2000m

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2016 (Usual residence data). Compiled and presented in atlas.id by .id, the population experts

Rates of house ownership vary from the north of Moreland, where

The distributuon of mortgaged homes in Moreland follows a similar

rates are high, to the south, where rates are particularly low in

pattern to home ownership. However, where ownership rates have

Brunswick. However, census data shows that since 2011, ownership

been falling in most areas, mortgate rates have been rising as a new

rates have been falling throughout the municipality, particularly in

generation of owners enter the market.

the north.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Rent and Share Houses

Rental households by SA1, City of Moreland

Group households by SA1, City of Moreland

0-10% 10-20% Train Station 20-30% Site boundary 30-40% 40-50% >50% 0

1000

2000m

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2016 (Usual residence data). Compiled and presented in atlas.id by .id, the population experts

0-5% Train Station 5-10% 10-15% Site boundary 15-20% 20-25% >25% 0

1000

2000m

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2016 (Usual residence data). Compiled and presented in atlas.id by .id, the population experts

The patern of rental density is opposite that of ownership. Brunswick

The density of sharehouses, or group households, is reflective of the

has particularly high rates of rental houses, which diminishes moving

patterns of both rental tenure and age. Brunswick is a particular popular

north. However, pockets of higher rental density exist in the vicinity

area and this is increasingly becoming the case in Coburg as well. Cluster

of train stations in the municipality.

of sharehouses are also common in the vicinity of train stations.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Methods of Travel CYCLISTS INJURED ON ROAD

In Coburg, 2,943 people (25%) use public transport to commute this include train, tram and bus, compared to 6,000 who drove to work. Compared to City of Moreland, only 23% used public transport while 54% used a private vehicle.

Persons injured on roads by age group for 2015 in City of Moreland

Persons injured on roads for 2015 in City of Moreland vs Melbourne

The number people who traveled by bicycle or walk in Coburg was 972, a high number compared to surrounding suburbs. In 2011, the most popular method of travel to work in Coburg was train, however, there was a significant number of people who cycle to work.

Coburg

City of Moreland

Greater Melbourne Considering that 734 residents ride to work, it is important to understand who are the major users and how safe are the existing infrastructure on the selected area and its immediate local area1. In the City of Moreland, 124 residents between 30 and 39 years were injured road in 2015.

13%

10%

Train

Tram

Bus

6% Bicycle

12%

10%

Train

Tram

Bus

Bicycle

Train

Tram

Bus

Bicycle

City of Moreland statistics showed 17% of people injured on road where cyclists this was lower compared to Melbourne where 26% correspond to cyclists

1. Australian Bureau of Statistics

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Industry in Moreland Top three occupations in City of Moreland, 2016

Top three industries in City of Moreland, 2016

Residential location of local workers City of Moreland, 2011 64%

25% 11%

Source: Remplan Economy, Moreland Council

Moreland represents 4.99 % of the 636,029 people working in Northern Region, 1.31 % of the 2,421,985 people working in Victoria1. In 2015, Coburg major industries were Retail, Public Administration and Safety and Health Care & Social. During the site visits, the north side of the selected area shows this diversity of activities related to the Retail industry as well as some other activities related to Health Care & Social. Density of Industry in City of Moreland, 2016

In 2011, the percent local workers who live and work in City of Moreland was 36%.

Employment location of resident workers City of Moreland, 2011 Industry in the precinct, 2016 71% 12% 12% 5%

In 2011, 71% of the City of Morelandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s working residents travelled outside of the area to work. 1. id - The Population Experts for City of Moreland 2011

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Zoning Schemes Looking at the VicPlan zoning schemes are used to identify the particular uses of an area and define whether it is public or private space. Looking at the zones on a suburb scale and then specifically at precinct scale, it can be seen that the precinct could be key in providing amenity to Coburg. Planning Scheme Zone - Coburg

Legend ACZ 1 Activity Centre Zone

RDZ1 Road Zone - Catego ry 1

PPRZ Public Park and Recreation Zone

NRZ1 Neighbourhood Residential Zone

PUZ2 Public Use Zone - Educatio n

INZ1

PUZ6 Public Use Zone - Local Government

Coburg Suburb Bounda ry

PUZ4 Public Use Zone - Transpo rt

Precinct Bounda ry

GRZ1 General Residential Zone

250

500 metre s

Industrial 1 Zone

KEY FINDINGS Activity Centre Zoning covers a large portion of the precinct, that currently may not be effectively utilized The precinct features alot of Public Use Zones in relation to suburbs which could mean it plays a crucial role in the provision of services for Coburg The residential zone in the precinct must respect neighbourhood character according to GRZ1 compared to the NRZ1 zone which allows for more flexibility in development

Vic Plan, 2017

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

2 . 3 Te c h n i c a l As s e s s m e nt Facilities The Connecting Coburg site encompasses the central hub of the Coburg area. While ABS data shows that car ownership within the precinct is below the average for both Coburg and Moreland, a very large proportion of the site area (close to 15%) is dedicated to car parking. This is reflective of the other services and facilities provided within the site, including shops, schools, recreational facilities and Coburg Station. The south east quarter of the precinct is dominately a commercial zone featuring several large grain stores as highlighted in the adjacent map. The stores include no leass than 3 supermarkets as well as a market. Along Bell Street, immediately west of the intersection with Sydney road, is a concentration of medical services

Education (schools, libraries) Civic (parks, government, churches)

and facilities. This includes bulk billing health clinics,

Medical

the Merri Health Service, chemists and optometrists.

Supermarkets

This concentration of medical facilities provides a significant pulling factor for visitors to the site.

Facilities

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Car parking Connecting Coburg Precinct Boundary 0

100

200 metres

Key paths are determined by forms of transport; by-foot, car or public transport.

TOWARDS CHANGE There is a prominent division of the civic, commercial and residential districts.

EDGES

PATHS

DISTRICTS

Legibility of the Urban Landscape

Edges for pedestrians are created by the train line and popular car routes.

For all maps on this page

There is a diverse range of landmarks widely spread throughout site.

100

200 metres

By analysing the suburb by Lynchsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; theory of mental mapping 5 elements in which orientate an individual, it was found that although the site includes diverse landmarks and districts, there is a distinction of the division of these districts. The areas of activity and civic movement were determined by the use of private transport means, which prevented the flow of pedestrians. It was ultimately found that transport deters the experience of a pedestrian.

NODES

LANDMARKS

Nodes are predominantly key road intersection points, and pedestrian mall.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Car Network Analysis

Traffic Congestion Map

TRAFFIC VOLUME AVERAGES PER DAY (VicRoads, 2017)

Car Ownership Per Household of Coburg, Moreland & Greater Melbourne (Moreland City Council 2016)

Percentage of Car Ownership, Coburg (Moreland City Council 2016)

Coburg can be described as car-orientated suburb, with household ownership of one car being greater than Greater Melbourne. During our site visit we observed very heavy traffic especially on Bell Street (See Traffic Volume map). Bell Street is a part of state route 40 which is a frequented route that carries all the way along to springvale road to the south east of Greater Melbourne. As Coburg is located along this major thoroughfare combined with the high local car ownership, the local traffic conditions prove to be congested throughout the day (See traffic congestions map).

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Transport Network Analysis ROAD NETWORK HIERARCHY

s t

PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK

The site is defined by two main roads: Bell Street and Sydney

Futhermore , the site has one formal bicycle lane

Road. This are the pimary roads used by both public transport

Road and Harding Street.

and private vehicles. The site has multiple forms of public trans-

train lanes that run along the train track and to the north of the site.

port including the Upflied train line.

along Sydney

There are shared bicycle and pedes-

Found on the shared

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Street Function Analysis Coburg precinct shows four street typologies that for some cases contribute to the accessibility of the site. However, main street such as Bell St , the wider street, disconnect the south side from its north. Moreover, Sydney Road to the south illustrate a diversity of use from access for private transport, public transport and pedestrian to small public spaces appropriated by the retail zones

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Finally, Ohea St, a local or residential street, shows lack of connectivity, in particular, for cycling paths from Sydney Road. Improvements in Sydney Road to the north can potentially improve the use of existing infrastructure in Ohea St.

Experiential Analysis As a pedestrian, the experience of the sight is heavily determined by oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s senses. The large reliance on cars and Bell Street being used as a freight way largely determines the temporal sound of the urban fabric (Atkinson 2007). The large volume of trucks and cars provide a loud, unpleasant experience for the pedestrian.

PEDESTRIAN ACTIVITY AND LINGERING Heavy car usage

SOUND INTENSITY OF PRECINCT

Legend Tram / Bus Stops Most pedestrian intense footpaths Outdoor seating/areas of dwelling

In relation to the districts of the sight (Lynch 1960), it was experienced that the large roads which divide the zones are also the most undesired paths to use for pedestrians, creating a barrier in linking the districts.

Civic life

Creating spaces where people feel a sense of surveillance due to being in the presence of other strangers is important is making sure an indvidual on the street feels relatively safe (Jacobs 1961). Currently, key pedestrian paths and spaces to dwell are relatively concentrated one segment of the site. To ensure safety and comfort, there is need to diversify land use and areas of dwelling for people on the street. CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Pedestrian Paths EXISITING PATHS TO ENHANCE PEDESTRIANISM

FURTHER ENHANCING PEDESTRIANISM A NEED TO CREATE CONNECTIVITY

Currently, there are a range of laneways and paths to enhance the accessibility of Sydney Road from carp parking areas. This permeability is succesful in creating civic life. With the precincts large diversity of public and private facilities, there is potential for this linkage to be enhanced in order to create more life on the streets.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Development

Coburgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building and infrastructure landscape is diverse and will continue to grow over the next 5-10 years. These changes in future and past developments will impact the trajectory of our precinct. Therefore, it is important to consider these changes in the context of our site.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

3. PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN 3.1 Issues and Oppportunities

Underutilized Land

Through site analysis, there were five prominent themes that were creating issues of flow and coherence of the precinct, or were spaces that could potentially be further enhanced to promote connectivity. These five areas of issues and opportunities are:

Underutilized Land Pedestrian Experience Transport Management Heritage and Character Land Use 26

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Northern Sydney Rd Vacant lots and underutilised commerical lots on Sydney Road create a lengthy, innactive expanse. Redevelopment could encourage the lively streetlife in the southern half of the precinct to spread further North.

Coburg Station A large area of underustilised commerical space and carparking adjacent to the train station creates a large, desolate environment Redevelopment offers the opportunity to create a new civic space and better connect and integrate the station to the rest of the precinct.

Large potential sites Ageing, large grain retail sites feature large, inefficent areas of carparking and offer little heritage value. This creates a prime opportunity to consolidate land uses in mixed use developments offering more space efficient, multi-level parking, new commerical spaces and also residences.

Pedestrian Experience

Heritage and Character A

Pedestrian Safety The pink markers indicate the pedestrian/car accidents that haveoccured in the past 5 years. The frequency of these accidents indicates that the roads may not be designed as much for pedestrians as they are for cars. This highlights an opportunity for creating more pedestrian friendly roads.

Permeability of the site

Utilizing open space for activity

There are existing paths designed for pedestrians in between the Sydney Road commercial strip and the car parks. This enhances accessibility for pedestrians, however, is only connecting a small amount of the site. This design of linking spaces for pedestrianscould be used to connect all districts in the site.

There is a wide range of underutilized open space in the site. Some, is aimed to be open space for people to dwell, but design is inadequate of providing places to stop and sit, and these spaces are potentially unconnected By redesigning these spaces, it could create spaces for people to linger and bring life to spaces which are currently underutilized.

Exisiting Building Heritage Churches and Town Hall on the site are important to preserve as they contribute to the rich history of Coburg. These buildings are currently quite isolated from each other despite being in close proximity. Potential efforts will be to look into preserving the facade of these buildings and etween them.

Pentridge Site Development

The Pentridge Redevelopment site can pose many changes to the precinct. New residential dwellings as well as retail opportunities may cause an influx of people into Coburg, causing a shift in demographics within the precinct. This new redevelopment can potentially create tourism opportunities for visitors whilst still maintaining the historical significance of Pentridge.

Sydney Road With its history traced back to the 1850s, Sydney Road transformed itself from a rural road to a bustling urban streetscape. With the land booms of the mid 1800s and 1880s, hotels, shops, churches, council properties and houses replaced farms and open land. Therefore, it is essential to conserve the multicultural history of this thoroughfare.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Transport Management

A Level Crossing Removal The removal of the level crossing will result in vacant land along the railway corridor. This land can be used for private development, or investment in community facilities

B Bell Street Edge Bell Street hosys large volumes of traffic in comparison to other streets in the precinct, as a result it segments the precinct. By implementing etter transport management, and infrastructure the effects of Bell Street as an edge will be eliminated

Land Use

C Cycling Connectivity There is a disconnected and unappealing cycling network in the precinct. There is potential to create a cohesive, efficient and safe cycling network throughout the precinct which will encourage cycling.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

D Multimodal Transport Hub. The precinct has multiple forms of public transport, however, the multiple forms lack connectivity. To create a multimodal transport hun which promotes the use and ease of multiple forms of public transport.

A Traditional retail Local scale and diversity of retails is an important strength that defines Coburgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity. There is a clear opportunity to enhance walkability due to proximity to public transport and facilities

B Modern retail Large shopping centers surrounded by parking are less friendly to walk by as cars get in and out. There is a clear potential for redeveloping those areas and enhances safe paths for shoppers and visitors.

C Community Facilities Coburg has a great diversity of facilities for communities distributed on adequate areas of the site. Connecting those facilities through bike and pedestrian paths could improve the use of the facilities.

D Residential Areas The residential areas provides more private experience of the site with convenient pedestrian paths. The low rise houses give the site a human scale that could be improved with more areas for community within this zone

3.2 Vision

The Connecting Coburg Precinct Structure Plan aims to strengthen the urban centre of Coburg into a buzzing multicultural hub, providing a fusion of social and economic life for both residents and visitors. By connecting a diverse range of community facilities, upgrading transport infrastructure and revitalising the urban environment, the residents of Coburg will enjoy greater opportunities for recreation, employment and commerce. Designed to accommodate a growing population and diverse demographics, Connecting Coburg aims to maintain the urban character and local heritage of the area, recognising these as key components in creating a cohesive commercial and transport hub. Coburg will flourish as a vital transport interchange node with seamless connectivity to surrounding residential zones, surrounding suburbs and the CBD. Celebrating diversity, community and public street life, Connecting Coburg will enhance public spaces and connectivity for the local benefit.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

3.3 Themes and Objectives

In order to achieve the vision of Connecting Coburg, the issues and opporunities of the precinct must be acted upon. Through analysis, three key themes will be taken onboard to transform Coburg. By addressing movement and transport, built character and social and economic character, the site has potential to become a heart of activity in Coburg and the surrounding suburbs.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Parklets: converting street parking into public spaces

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

3.4 Research / Urban Design Ideas This section contains main ideas and urban design strategies that can help to achieve PSP Connecting Coburg. Discussion of main ideas to integrate existing facilities by improving street-space and community spaces will be mentioned in order to deal with Coburgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lack of connectivity.

Sunset in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Sunset is an ethnically diverse, working-class area filled with single family homes, low-rise apartments, and small retail shops. Both Main Street and Fraser Street are vibrant shopping areas lined with many independently owned stores and restaurants. It cover approximately 500ha land is located around 8.4km from the CBD. KEY FEATURES Sunset has a main street and Fraser St that celebrate diversity through it local and small retail shops It provides plenty parks and recreational facilities, such as Memorial Park South and the Sunset Community Centre. Sunset has is be consider home of people for a great variety of backgrounds. Greening Parks, Streets, and Lanes greatly dedicated for pedestrians and cyclists.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Annie Alley at Mission Street, San Francisco, CA

BEFORE

Annie Street Plaza is a new pedestrian space in downtown San Francisco that opened in November 2014. New seating, greenery, and lighting – along with programmed events and activities – create a special new place in the heart of a thriving neighborhood

Location: Location: Annie Alley at Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94117 Installed: November 19, 2014 to September 2016 Designed By: CMG Landscape Architecture

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

AFTER

Strategic Directions

3.5 LAND USE

3.6 ACCESS & MOVEMENT

3.7 PUBLIC SPACES

Increase residential and retail

Improve accessibility to and from

Provide spaces for communi-

development by maintaining a

the precinct and promote sus-

ty and sharing of activities

human scale.

tainable transport.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

3.5 LAND USE Overview The following section presents key strategic directions that help to densify and integrate existing and future land uses of Coburg. This theme highlights the potential of the site to develop underutilized land, create new public spaces within the residential sector and diversify the land use by providing accessible housing as well as local retail markets. Key Objectives - Provide diversity of housing for current and future residents - Celebrate multicultural character of the site through local retail opportunities - Increase availability of recreational areas for current and future population. Ohea Street and main residential areas in Coburg

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE

L.01 HOUSING

L.02 RETAIL DIVERSITY

L.03 HERITAGE AND COMMUNITY

Develop underutilized land by

Increase density of retails along

Create and link new green spaces

proving housing opportunities

north side of Sydney Rd.

for residential zones while preserving heritage areas

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

L.01 HOUSING Overview Connecting Coburg has potential provide a diversity of medium to high affordable housing which deal with future population growth. According to statistics, Coburg

currently shows 64% of

single house density, 29% medium density and only 7% high density. Thus, increasing medium to high housing helps to provide a greater diversity of dwellings accessible to young professional moving into the area. The PSP proposes medium density develops which includes terraces and townhouses as well as higher density which includes apartment

developments

which

provide more housing choices. 38

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Medium Density Housing

Higher Density

The residential zone contains town-

Recent developments such as Mayor

houses housing that can be consid-

Anderson Apartments offers accomo-

ered for future PSP development.

dation on upper levels antd retail op-

This housing typology provide a safe

portunity at ground floor level.

and affordable units for young population and families Medium Density Housing

New High Density Housing

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Strategies 1. Develop underutilized land into affordable housing following the existing growth pattern of medium to high housing. 2. Accommodate higher density residential development which maintain a human scale and high quality public realm at street level. 3. Ensure new developments are connected to transport and community services.

A. Waterfield Street and Victoria Street Current conditions The PSP aims to provide affordable housing for young generations thus medium density housing was choose. According to Potential development

Planning and Environment, medium density housing can provide around 25-45 dwellings per hectare among this type of housing is townhouse development with a maximum height of 10m (1). Therefore, the proposed housing will be affordable and sharable space for community.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

L . 0 2 R E TA I L D I V E R S I T Y Overview The local diverse retail shops are an important strength that defines Coburgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity. More than 40% of the area form part of the active center zoning thus it is important to maintain and improve existing condition. Sydney Road is a key spine that runs North to South. The southern section currently provide a great diversity of retail and connectivity to public transport. Extending this diverse land uses towards the northern areas will provide greater opportunity for retail and better connection of the site.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Strategies 1. Encourage small, independent businesses and maintain a local, neighborhood retail character. 2. Facilitate lively after-hours activities and temporary markets along Sydney Road and in the precinct, promoting a safe and social neighborhood 3. Redevelop and revitalize northern side of Sydney Road by providing safe, engaging and walkable sidewalks.

A. Northen section of Sydney Road Current conditions

Existing Condition of Northern side of Sydney Road

Potential development

Aspiration: Parklet at Noe Street, San Francisco

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

L . 0 3 CO M M U N I T Y S PA C E S Overview Connecting

Coburg

aims

to link existing green spaces with new developments as well as by preserving local heritage. Churches and Town Hall contribute to the rich history of Coburg. The site has the potential to create and improve recreational areas for the active center and residential zones

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Strategies

Current conditions

Potential development

1. Improve existing green and recreational areas on the precinct. 2. Create new playgrounds in the residential zones to secure spaces where community can share and interact safely. 3. Acknowledge heritage buildings such as churches and redesign gathering spaces along churches to provide

The site shows an opportunity to introduce need greenery

more attractive places to gather and visit.

Playgrounds between residential building to provide a safe area and connect to others areas

D. Provide playgrounds for residents to enhance community engagement and safety environments for children

Safe playground. Replacing existing car-park by green playgrounds aims to provide spaces for community share and a safe path link for cyclists. 44

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Intentionally blank page

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

3.6 ACCESS AND MOVEMENT Overview In the following section key issues such as disconnection and unsafe pedestrian crossing will be discussed. Safe street intersections and availability to pedestrian and bike paths will enhance sustainable modes of transport such as walkability and cycling. Key Objectives - Provide new bike paths that links main community facilities of the areas and connects to surrounding neighborhoods. - Promote sustainable mode of transport such as walking and cycling by increasing the quality of streets - Introduce a bus terminal which as a connector to train and tram routes. Ohea Street and main residential areas in Coburg

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS TO IMPROVE

A.01 TRANSPORT

A.02 PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLISTS

Provide a connected transport

Improve connectivity of bike

system by bus terminal

paths within the site.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

A.01 TRANSPORT Overview The precinct serves a efficient transport such as tram, train and buses.

In Coburg, 2,943 peo-

ple (25%) use public transport to commute this include train, tram and bus, compared to 6,000 who drove to work. The number of people who traveled by bicycle or walk in Coburg was 972, a high figure compared to surrounding suburbs. Thus, the PSP aims to develop a well connected transport system where a new bus terminal and new paths for cyclists are provided.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Current conditions Strategies 1. Provide a bus interchange along Victoria St, connected with existing bus routes and Coburg Station 2. A new bus route section that runs through future residential areas to encourage public transport use 3. Ensure infrastructure at transport stops are provide and has routes information. The site has a bus interchange along Bell Street. This provide adequate stop shelter that can be consider for potential new

Potential development

bus terminal. It is also well located next community facilities such as Coburg Primary School and Bell Street Reserve. Existing bus stop

Sydney is the main road with trams stops located in a convenient distances. Bell, Munro and Harding Street provide transport to surrounding suburbs. The large lots of car-park will be replaced by the new bus interchange that aims to promote Transport accessibility along Sydney Rd

affordable and sustainable transport.

Proposed bus interchange aims to create a well connected transport system for residents and visitors.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

A.02 PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLISTS Overview The connectivity of the site is lacking particularly in the northern side of the precinct. Safe pedestrians paths and crossing as well as adequate bike paths are necessary to enhance walkability and cycling. Statistics show the number of people who traveled by bicycle or walk in Coburg was 972, a high figure compared to surrounding suburbs. Thus, the PSP intends to provide safe crossing paths along main roads such as Bell St and Sydney Road. Furthermore, new bike paths will connect existing infrastructure and provide consistent bike network align with Principal Bicycle Network (PBN).

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

A.02.1 Cycling A. Main access to the precinct from the CBD through Sydney Road and Railway line B. Local streets for cars, pedestrians and cyclist. C. Residential streets mainly for resident use. D. Commercial streets to enhance retail character of precinct. Strategies 1. Redesign residential streets and allowing safe bike paths linked to main roads. 2. Ensure connectivity of bike paths to main public transports and facilities. 3. Promote diversity of uses along Sydney Road and new commercial streets identify in precinct.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

D. Wilson Residential Street The street will provide a safe and calm environment for cyclists

Current conditions

and residents. This development allows to provide vibrant and enhancing spaces walkable during the day and night time.

Potential development

Bicycle-pedetrian share street The upgrade of Wilson Street will allow to connect existing bike trail with residential zones and also create a link between Coburg Train station and Sydney Road.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

A.02.2 Pedestrian Safety

Line-way connecting to Sydney Road Currently, there are a range of laneways and paths to enhance the accessibility of Sydney Road from carp parking areas. This permeability is succesful in creating civic life. With the precincts large diversity of public and private facilities, there is potential for this linkage to be enhanced in order to create more life on the streets. Strategies 1. Provide safe crossing along main intersections on Bell Street in order to link main facilities. 2. Preserve existing artwork along lane-ways connecting main Sydney road with markets and Community Leisure Centre.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Bell Street and Mackay, Mary St intersection Current conditions

Potential development Main intersection along Bell St will act as a node to ensure a better connection and safe pedestrian accessibility.

Sydney Road and Bell Street Crosswalk Current conditions

Potential development Adding a well design crosswalk will create a safe intersection along Bell St and Sydney Rd which allows to connect

southern

Rd with northern side.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Sydney

Typical Intersection of the City of Toronto

Midblock Crosswalk along Bell Street Current conditions

Potential development

Intersection Design - Midblock

According to Urban Design Guidelines mid-block cross walks are necessary when: i. Traffic network does not provide a safe crossing from one place to another. ii. Along main facilities such as parks and schools in order to ensure a safe accessibility to areas. Therefore, mid-block crosswalk facilitates a safe pedestrian crossing from Coburg Primary School to Coburg Leisure Center. CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

3.7 PUBLIC S PA C E S Overview In the following section key development and management of street spaces and gathering areas will be discussed. The precinct provides a diversity of facilities however some of the green areas located along important landmarks could be redesign to serve different purposes for the community. Key Objectives - Introduce a new urban plaza located along active center zone that enhances the precinct identity and celebrates its diversity. - Upgrade commercial streets such as Sydney Road by implementing idea of parklets which re-purpose part of the street next to the sidewalk into a public space for people.

The Noe Valley Parklets at San Francisco

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS TO SHARE P. 01 COMMUNITY FACILITIES

P. 02 STREET-SPACES

Celebrate multicultural diversity

Upgrade main commercial

by providing areas for daily gath-

streets into multi-functional

ering.

streets.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

P. 0 1 C O M M U N I T Y F A C I L I T I E S

Overview The precinct presents a divesity of facilities such as schools, shopping centers, library and churches.

In Coburg, around

19% of

the land is currently dedicated to community facities. Most of the facilities are well located along the main roads. The PSP will improve and create a good quality of public spaces. This will allow to increase by 21% the land dedicated to the community

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Strategies 1. Improve existing community infrastructure of the site with new

A. Current conditions along Waterfield and Victoria St

programed activities in located areas which enhance residents and visitors interaction. 2. Implement temporary activities in new urban spaces with safe environment for large gatherings in the community. 3. Ensure proposed community spaces along underutilized areas contribute to present and future demographic features of site. Annie Street Plaza at Mission Street, San Francisco, CA The Pavement to Parks program and the Yerba Buena CBD working together with the neighbor-

Underutilized land between main retail area.

Potential development

hood and community have created this new and imaginative Annie Alley public plaza for our entire city to enjoy. A. Urban Plaza New seating, greenery, and lighting â&#x20AC;&#x201C; along with programmed events and activities â&#x20AC;&#x201C; create a special new place in the heart of a thriving neighborhood. This will allows the community to celebrate its multicultural diversity and strength its image character. New Urban Plaza aims to provide a safe environment for community activities

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

P. 0 2 P A R K L E T A N D S T R E E T - S C A P E S

Overview Sydney Road is main retail spine for the precinct. It offers diversity of local retails as well as community facilities particularly along the southern area. Northen side of the road can be improved by implement new urban design ideas such as parkets. This could also improve the street use diversity and support retail areas The PSP proposed suitable parkets for short-term development along southern areas and long-term development in areas where potential for new retails areas were located.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Strategies

Study of Parklet Structure

1. Encourage pedestrian and safety and activities along main commercial streets in the precinct

Parklet Seating

2. Support diversity of local business by providing spaces for community interaction. 3. Spaces will provide different elements such as seating, planting, art and bicycle parking.

Parklet Grennery

Parklet Enclousure

Proposed Parklet Design by San Francisco City, 2010

Parklet Platform

Pavement to Park Program The city of San Francisco aims pro provide safe, complete streets and new open space for community. They consider that complete streets should foster walkability, cycling, public transport as well as private transit. Design Develeopment of Parklet by San Francisco Parklet Manual, 2015

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

4 . I M P L E M E N TAT I O N

4.1 STAKEHOLDERS

Coburg existing Lineways

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

4.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

4 . 1 S TA K E H O L D E R S

GOVERNMENT • State Government of Victoria (SGV)

SGV

• Victorian Planning Authority (VPA)

VPA

• Moreland City Council (MCC)

MCC

• Public Transport Victoria (PTV)

PTV

Overview

• VicRoads (VR)

As the precinct develops and

• VicTrack (VT)

changes are implemented, mul-

• Department of Transport (DT)

tiple key stakeholders will be im-

• Melbourne Water (MW)

pacted. As a result, these stakeholders

LOCAL

will be put at the forefront during

• Community members and residents of Coburg (CM)

the planning process of the Co-

• Churches (Uniting Church, Greek Orthodox Parish, St

burg precinct.

Paul’s Catholic Church)

(CH)

• Coburg Primary School (CPS) • Coburg Football Club (CFC) • Coburg Leisure Centre (CLC) • Local businesses (LB) OTHERS • Property developers (PD) • Supermarkets (Coles, Woolworths) (MA) CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

4 . 2 I M P L E M E N TAT I O N S C H E D U L E S LAND USE OBJECTIVE

ACTION

TIME FRAME

PARTNERS

Housing 1. Develop underutilized land into affordable housing following the existing growth pattern of medium to high hous- Propose and build

2. Accommodate higher density residential development which maintain a human scale and high quality public realm Design and Build at street level 3. Ensure new developments are connected to transport and community services.

Research

SGV

ing.

PD MCC

PTV

Retail 1. Encourage small, independent businesses and maintain a local, neighborhood retail character.

Promote and support

2. Facilitate lively after-hours activities and temporary markets along Sydney Road and in the precinct, promoting a Design and build safe and social neighborhood. 3. Redevelop and revitalize northern side of Sydney Road by providing safe, engaging and walkable sidewalks.

Design and build

MCC

VPA

S E M

MCC

Community spaces 1. Improve existing green and recreational areas on the precinct.

Redesign and build

2. Create new playgrounds in the residential zones to secure spaces where community can share and interact safely.

Design and build

3. Acknowledge heritage buildings such as churches and redesign gathering spaces along churches to provide more Promote and support

attractive places to gather and visit.

S 64

1-5 years

5-10 years

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

10-20 years

Existing

VPA CM CH

MCC MCC

ACCESS AND MOVEMENT OBJECTIVE

ACTION

TIME FRAME

PARTNERS

Transport

1. Provide a bus interchange along Victoria St, connected with existing bus routes and Coburg Propose and build

Station

PTV

2. A new bus route section that runs through future residential areas to encourage public transport Design and Build use 3. Ensure infrastructure at transport stops are provide and has routes information.

VPA

PTV

Research

PTV

1. Redesign residential streets and allowing safe bike paths linked to main roads.

Design and Build

2. Ensure connectivity of bike paths to main public transports and facilities.

Design and Build

3. Promote diversity of uses along Sydney Road and new commercial streets identify in precinct.

Promote and support

MCC

Cycling

Pedestrian

1. Provide safe crossing along main intersections on Bell Street in order to link main facilities. 2. Preserve existing artwork along lane-ways connecting main Sydney road with markets and Community Leisure Centre.

Propose and build Promote and support

M S

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

VR MCC

COMMUNITY SPACES OBJECTIVE

ACTION

TIME FRAME

PARTNERS

Community Facilities

1. Improve existing community infrastructure of the site with new programed activities in located Plan and apply

areas which enhance residents and visitors interaction. 2. Implement temporary activities in new urban spaces with safe environment for large gatherings Design and build in the community. 3. Ensure proposed community spaces along underutilized areas contribute to present and future Research demographic features of site.

VPA

MCC

Streetspace

1. Encourage pedestrian and safety and activities along main commercial streets in the precinct

Promote and support

2. Support diversity of local business by providing spaces for community interaction.

Promote and support

3. Spaces will provide different elements such as seating, planting, art and bicycle parking.

Ensure

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

4.2.1 Proposed Zoning for Coburg

As part of the implementation plan , new zoning areas will be added and some will be removed in order to solve particular issues of the precinct. It also aims to enhance main PSP land use, access and movement, public spaces strategic directions.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

5. SUMMARY The presented Precinct Structure Plan aims toachieve an connected, safe and vibrant community that provide efficient transport system, affordable housing, sharable spaces for community and visitors and an attractive opportunity for local bussiness. Thus, the community will enjoy existing and proposed design strategies which will involve both partners and local community.

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Reference List Alison, G 2017, Train, Truck Collide Bell St, Coburg; Herald Sun, accessed 22 August 2017. <http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/train-truck-collide-at-bell-st-coburg/news-story/b0d87a7f3ca078f55786e6397015aa2e> Atkinson, R 2007, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Ecology of Sound: The Sonic Order of Urban Spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Urban Studies (Routledge), 44, 10, pp. 1905-1917, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, accessed 23 August 2017. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016, Coburg (State Suburb), Census of Population and Housing 2016, accessed 21 August 2017. <http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC20592?opendocument#familycomposition> Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016, Moreland (Local Government Area), Census of Population and Housing 2016, accessed 21 August 2017. <http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/LGA25250?opendocument> Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria in Future 2016, Moreland One Page Profile, accessed 21 August 2017. <https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0008/11123/Moreland_VIF_2016_One_Page_Profile_Output.pdf> Google Maps 2017, Google Traffic: Coburg, accessed 16 August 2017. <https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/Coburg+VIC+3058/@-37.7449263,144.9471848,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x6ad644c098f4d5eb:0x5045675218cd430!8m2!3d-37.7438!4d144.9645!5m1!1e1> id.Community 2016, Moreland Community Profile, accessed 16 August 2017. <http://profile.id.com.au/moreland/travel-to-work?WebID=130> id.Community 2016, Moreland, accessed 16 August 2017. < http://profile.id.com.au/moreland> Jacobs, J, 1961, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Random House, New York. Lynch, K, 1960, The Image of the City, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge. Public Transport Victoria 2017, Moreland, accessed 9 August 2017. <https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/getting-around/local-areas/show/74> Remplan Economy 2017, Economy Profile, accessed 19 August 2017. <http://www.economyprofile.com.au/moreland/industries/employment> Summerton, M, 2010, City of Moreland Thematic History, Moreland City Council, Coburg. Vicroads 2017, Principal Bicycle Network, Moreland, accessed 9 August 2017. <https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/~/media/files/documents/traffic-and-road-use/pbn--moreland.pdf?la=en.> Vicroads 2017, Road safety performance information for 2011 - 2015, accessed 16 August 2017. <https://public.tableau.com/views/Muncipalfactsheets1_1/Roadusertype?%3Aembed=y&%3Adisplay_ count=yes&%3AshowTabs=y&%3AshowVizHome=no#1&%3Adisplay_count=yes&%3Atoolbar=no&%3Arender=false> Vicroads Open Data 2017, Crashes last five years, accessed 20 August 2017. <http://vicroadsopendata-vicroadsmaps.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/crashes-last-five-years/data?geometry=144.963%2C-37.743%2C14 4.977%2C-37.74&page=2> Vicroads Open Data 2017, Traffic Volume, accessed 19 August 2017. <http://vicroadsopendata-vicroadsmaps.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/traffic-volume>

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN

Image and Research Urban plaza precedents https://www.flickr.com/photos/sfplanning/18904022545/in/photostream/ http://pavementtoparks.org/plazas/plaza-projects/annie-street-plaza/#location-map Intersections: https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2016/03/09/bike-lane-design-for-bloor-street-unveiled.html Raised Intersection: https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-design-guide/intersections/minor-intersections/raised-intersections/ Midblock crosswalk: https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-design-guide/intersection-design-elements/crosswalks-and-crossings/midblock-crosswalks/ Noe Valley Parklets: http://pavementtoparks.org/parklets/featured-parklet-projects/noe-valley-parklets/ Green Alleys: https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-design-guide/streets/green-alley/ Benchmark: http://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/parklets.aspx#map http://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/street-and-sidewalk-use-for-business-and-activities.aspx Parklets projects: http://pavementtoparks.org/wp-content/uploads//2015/12/SF_P2P_Parklet_Manual_2.2_FULL1.pdf

CONNECTING COBURG PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN