THE DOCKLANDS
MELBOURNE
Urban Design - Case Study
GROUP 18
Paper Final Copy 30/01 2014
Atousa Marzban(Urban Planning)
815522
Mariia Kapitonova(Architecture)
814158
Eivind Prestholt(Industrial Design)
816126
Politecnico di Milano - 2013/2014 Scuola di Architettura e SocietĂ Master of Science Urban Planning and Policy Design Prof. Andrea De Matteis
ABSTRACT
Melbourne Docklands is one of the most significant urban redevelopment projects in Australia, with 200 hectares of former port and rail areas to be redeveloped as a new inner urban precinct. Development of the government-owned land is driven through private market investment. It emphasizes public-private partnerships to deliver mutual public and private benefits, and takes place within a planning framework that is focused on performance outcomes rather than a prescriptive master plan or character controls. Starting from background and general information of project, after understanding about strategic plan of Dockland and the main aims of this project, we moved deeper for analyzing physical configuration and urban elements. Also we moved through the project with analyzing public realm aim and prÊcising some public space and explicit different layers by scheme, drawing and some notes from urban design point of view. In conclusion, we will find different aspect of Melbourne’s Dockland project and according to our urban design knowledge comment and criticize it. Besides, through this paper we try to understand Urban design element for successful project.
1
INDEX
Abstract
1
Index
2
Factsheet
3
History
Timeline
15
Urban Design Elements
16 - 22
Urban Realm
4
24 - 23
Urban Morphology
5
24
Types of Spatial Containments
10 - 11
Planning Process
6-9
25 - 29
Analysis of Districts
Strategic Masterplan
10 - 12
30 - 31
Conclution
Masterplan Characteristics
13
32 - 33
Bibliography
Urban Network
14
34 - 36
Resources
2
FACTSHEET Country: Australia City: Melbourne Location: 2 km west of Melbourne city centre Area: 200 ha (of which 44 ha is water)
Construction begining: 1997 Planned construction completion: 2025 Former function: dock
Masterplan: ARM architecture (Ashton Raggatt McDougall) Developer: multiple
Current population: 8 350 Current density: 41,75 persons/ha Projected population: 20 000 Projected density: 100 persons/ha
Current workers: ca. 35 000 Projected workers: 60 000
Over 5,400 dwellings built or under construction
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HISTORY
The area today known as Melbourne Docklands has undergone a lot of change during the last centuries. Serving as Melbourne’s busiest dock during the 1900s to the end of the 1950s, and after a rapid downfall in use during the 80s now brought back to life as a flourishing waterfront area.
The first measures towards regeneration of the area started in the early 90’s with the forming of Docklands Authority. Their aim was to make the Docklands a modern urban waterfront. Now, over 20 years later the area is home to as a large number of modern buildings, Etihad Stadium and the ANZ-, NAB- offices to mention some, as well as residential apartments, restaurants, shops, public spaces and artworks.
The Docklands connects the city of Melbourne to the water. It is situated at the western edge of the central business district, enclosed by Spencer Street to the east, Bolte Bridge to the west, Footscray Road to the North and Lorimer Street to the south as well as Victoria Harbour and The Yarra River. It is similar in size to Melbourne’s Central Business District.
AUSTRALIA
CITY OF MELBOURNE
DOCKLANDS
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TIMELINE
Construction of Victoria Dock begins, 1887 Victoria Dock completed, 1892
1900 Changes in shipping/cargo handling, Port activity starts moving west during the late 60’s
1960
During the 80’s Port activity continues to move west, Docklands gradually starts to decay
1980
“Melbourne’s Docklands: A Strategic Planning Framework” is released by The State Government
1989
Docklands Task Force established
1990
Docklands Authority establishedz
1991
Plan for developing Docklands released by the State Government
1995
1997
First Development Agreements signed, Stadium construction commences
1998
Municipal powers transferred from the City of Melbourne to Docklands Authority
Construction of the first apartments begins, the Stadium finished
2000
First residential apartment tower completed
2001
Webb Bridge opens. Construction on NAB office commences
2002
VicUrban is formed by unifying The Docklands Authority and Urban and Regional Land Corporation, City Circle tram extended through Docklands
2003 2004
Collins Street Bridge opens, extending Collins Street into Docklands. NAB office opens
Municipal powers transferred from VicUrban to City of Melbourne,Construction starts on ANZ and Fairfax Media headquarters
2007 2008
Harbour Town Shopping Centre opens,Docklands residents can vote in City of Melbourne elections
VicUrban becomes Places Victoria and remains master developer of Docklands
2011
Docklands Community and Place Plan is launched
2012
NOW 5
PLANNING PROCESS An Innovative Strategy For Design Development Melbourne Docklands is one of the most significant urban redevelopment projects in Australia, with 200 hectares of former port and rail areas to be redeveloped as a new inner urban precinct. Development of the government-owned land is driven through private market investment. It emphasis public-private partnerships to deliver mutual public and private benefits, and takes place within a planning framework that is focused on performance outcomes rather than a prescriptive master plan or character controls. VicUrban, the Victorian State Government’s
sustainable development agency has prepared an Innovative Strategy including a range of planning policies, guidelines and processes directed at the creation of a new integrated urban area and community. Two significant urban design considerations for Docklands are the relationship between Docklands and Melbourne’s Central Activity District (CAD) and between Docklands and the waterfront.
Figure 1. Melbourne Docklands and surroundings, 2004.
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Figure 2. Relationship between Docklands (yellow), Melbourne’s Central Activity District (blue) and the waterfront.
Docklands is located immediately west of the city grid and is bounded by the railway line and the city to the east, and the Yarra River, Victoria Harbour and Moonee Ponds Creek to the west. The proximity of Docklands to Melbourne’s CAD and the waterfront has resulted in the development
Figure 3. Docklands already has a strong connection with Melbourne city center.
of the following objectives with respect to the design of thepublic realm at Docklands: • Connecting Docklands to the city; • Distinguishing Docklands from the city; • Place making within Docklands
Figure 4. The waterfront areas of Victoria Harbour and the Yarra River provide a unique opportunity to express the Docklands character.
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Figure 5. All public realms distinguish dockland and place making within dockland.
Connecting Docklands With The City
Figure 6. Extension of the Melbourne’s city grid to Docklands along Collins, Bourke and LaTrobe Streets.
Street furniture further reinforces the connection between Docklands and the city. The Docklands suite of street furniture is consistent with the street furniture in the city. Street lights in Docklands are based on the City of Melbourne’s King Street light, finished in black, rather than grey.
As part of the development of Docklands, LaTrobe, Bourke and Collins Streets have been extended west of Spencer Street through to the waterfront. The extension of the city grid connects Docklands to to the city physically, visually and psychologically, anchoring Docklands to Melbourne and Melbourne to the waterfront. It is important that the connection between Docklands and the city is reinforced and enhanced. LaTrobe, Bourke and Collins Streets within Docklands are to be consistent with the Central Activity District in the following areas: — Building setbacks — Road reserve widths — Foot path and kerb alignments — Pavement — Kerb and channel materials.
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Distinguishing Docklands From The City
In addition to integrating with the urban fabric of Melbourne, it is important that Docklands has a character and identity of its own. The waterfront areas of Victoria Harbour and the Yarra River provide a unique opportunity to express the Docklands character. This character will be reinforced through the use of Docklands street furniture, the Docklands light, the use of unit paving and timber in pedestrian areas along the waterfront, and special landscape and seating treatments.
Picture 1. The Blowhole in Dockland Park has become a popular meeting place.
Place Making Within Docklands
Some locations at Docklands have a special place making status. These will typically be areas of pedestrian activity such as Harbour Esplanade, Docklands Park and the waterfront areas. These areas can be differentiated through the use of elements such as paving and lighting, feature seating or plant materials that have a strong and differentiating form. Art plays an important part in place making at Docklands. It is critical that the artist and the urban designer work together to ensure that art installations are integrated with and respect to surrounding public space.
Picture 2. The distinctive form of the lights in docklands draws inspiration form sails and yacht fixings, and is used to define the waterfront promenade through out the Docklands.
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STRATEGIC MASTERPLAN
Figure 7. Docklands has 9 different districts: Waterfront City ,Newquay, Digital Harbour(Comtechport), Victoria Harbour, Yarra’s Edge, Stadium, Batman’s Hill, Central Pier and Central City Studios.
The precinct of the Melbourne Dockland provide a mixed use within the Dockland. By knowing the precinct on site allows the understanding of functional usage of the waterfront area. The most important ones are:
Batman’s Hill
Stadium Precinct
A mixed use precinct which has the total area of 100,000 m2. Is mainly for commercial and retail space, entertainment, hotel, residential, restaurants and cultural sites.
Previously called the Docklands Stadium. It is opened in March 2000 and mainly serves as social facilities, such a sport and concert event, because of the 52,000 seats in the stadium.
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Waterfront City
Newquay
A shopping and entertainment precinct. Stage one of the development was completed in December 2005. Some of the events held there included the commonwealth games in March 2006. Stage two of the development includes more entertainment area for public which will incorporate a 120 meter high Southern Star Observation Wheel.
A residential precinct which opened in 2002. At present there are 5 residential buildings. The icon building in this precinct is called Palldio which is famous in its design. The shape of the building is like the prow of a ship and is designed by an Italian architect, Andrea Palladio.
Digital Harbour
Victoria Harbour Precinct
A waterfront area which has 44,000 m2 and encompasses near 220,000ms of commercial, residential office, Soho units and retail space. The Innovation building accommodates companies and education bodies with a strong emphasis on research and development, incubation and the commercialisation of innovation products crosspollinating ideas between Australia’s brightest and best technology tenants (Wikipedia 15 October 2006).
Victoria Harbour Precinct- is the centrepiece of Melbourne Docklands. The key feature in this precinct is the water edge along Collins and Bourke Street. The construction plan include 200 residential apartments, commercial office space, retail space, community facilities and development of public space, such as Grand Plaza, Harbour Esplanade, Docklands Park and Central Pier. The construction will expect to commence in late 2006.
Yarra’s Edge A residential precinct with 11 apartment tower. The riverfront promenade incorporated into the development is an extension of the existing Southbank Promenade to the east. It was the first developments in the Docklands and features some of the Melbourne’s premium residential architecture and urban design
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City Grid This page shows our interpretation of Dockland’s area structure, based on a detailed study of officially registered sources and strategies adopted in the design of this project. In our opinion the combination of grids lays on the basis of creation of this project. The result of all the adaptations is a combination of grids
Picture 3. Melbourne is a city of a patchwork grids. It is important for us because in our interpretation the Docklands area has the same structure.
Figure 8. Main existing grid.
Figure 9. Continuation of existing grid.
Figure 10. 11. Reaction of the grid on the waterfront and railway appearing of new blue grid among the shape of waterfront and appearing the violet grid - new direction.
Figure 12. Formation of blue grid, new perpendicular to waterfront roads, development of violet grid.
11. Main obstacles for a grid - water and railway. Figure 10.
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MASTERPLAN CHARACTERISITCS Dockland Regional Context Access Docklands will be used by government agencies and community stakeholders to prioritise and coordinate the delivery of transport infrastructure and programs, to support the ongoing growth and development of Docklands and the central city more generally.
Figure 13. Docklands and Melbourne City center.
Dockland Public Transport Options Melbourne’s population and economic growth aspirations demand significant investment in new services and infrastructure – particularly transport infrastructure. In recent years, a number of regionally significant transport projects have been proposed to address the access and mobility challenges and opportunities confronting metropolitan Melbourne. From a Docklands and inner west perspective. Figure 14. Transport infrastructure.
Central City Strategic Linkage
Figure 15. Linkage Docklands - City of Melbourne.
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URBAN NETWORK Figure 16. Dockland Public Transport Network
Figure 17. Proposed Dockland Road Network
Figure 18. Existing & Potential Local Connection
Figure 19. Existing & Proposed Street Network
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URBAN DESIGN ELEMENTS Figure 20. Arterial Road
Figure 21. Proposed Dockland Road Network
Figure 22. Secondary Streets
Figure 23. Small Street & Pedestrian Areas
Figure 24. Walking & Cycling Network Circuit
Figure 25. Pedestrian & cycling Water Shuttle
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URBAN REALM Analysis In the analysis of Urban Realm we used the Kevin Lynch approach to understand how the cityscape can be ‘read’ by citizens. People who move through the Docklands area engage in way-finding. They need to be able to recognize and organize urban elements into a coherent pattern. “In the process of way-finding, the strategic link is the environmental image, the generalized mental picture of the exterior physical world that is held by an individual. Lynch proposes that these mental maps consist of five elements: Paths - routes along which people move throughout the city. Edges - boundaries and breaks in continuity (it was mentioned before that the main edges are Yarra river and the railway). districts: as mentioned before the Docklands has 9 different districts with different attributes. Nodes - strategic focus points for orientation, i.e. squares and junctions. Landmarks: external points of orientation, usually a easily identifyable physical object in the urban landscape. Of these five elements, paths are especially important according to Lynch, since these organize urban mobility.
Nodes
Paths
Figure 26. Docklands has interesting junctions in diffent levels.
Figure 27. 28. Pedestrian and tourictic routes makes the Docklands interesting. Walking distances: Blue- from Ferris wheel to central city. Pink - along the waterfront. Orange - from Waterfront to Yarra’s edge through Batman’s Hill. Green – jogging route around Etihad Stadium.
Landmarks
Figure 28. 27. Main landmarks is high-rise buildings.
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Picture 4. Top Left: Yarra’s Edge marina. Picture 6. Bottom Left: Docklands Park.
Picture 5. Top Right: Waterfron walkway. Picture 7. Bottom Right: New Quay at Docklands.
Typologies in the urban realm There are a range of existing and proposed public space typologies in Docklands including: • waterfront promenade • creek corridor • civic park/square • local park • local square • forecourt
Figure 29. Existing and proposed typologies of Doclands public space.
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Based on existing spaces and current proposed master plans, the distribution, size and links to these space types provides a good foundation for a comprehensive public realm network in the future. As recommended in the Melbourne Open Spaces Strategy there are opportunities to expand the quality and diversity of the network and consider an additional Municipal open space. The Docklands Public Space Strategy outlines recommended principles and guidelines for public space types in the following sections. Proposed And Improved Fitness Stations, Jogging And Cycle Paths. Proposed jogging routes and fitness stations nd improved cycle paths provides a range of diverse land and water-based activities in public spaces to suit different uses, meet local demand and attract a more diverse population to Docklands.
Figure 30. Fitness stations, jogging and cycling paths.
Proposed Events Space Network Increase opportunities for complementary events that contribute to the identify of Docklands. The proximity of Docklands to the central city and waterfront make it an ideal location for certain types of events. The future vision is to provide a range of public spaces to support a thriving year-round events calendar commensurate with the offer in the central city and to accommodate a range of local community events
Figure 31. Proposed event space.
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A network of diverse public spaces for many people Docklands will have a well-linked and convenient family of parks, squares and waterfronts that will include both active and passive uses and activities. All public spaces and streets will provide a choice of journeys, experiences and activities for many people at various times of the day and night and throughout the seasons. Here we are going to indicate three of the public spaces that are locate in Victoria Harbour district and also have a strong connection by bicycle path to each other.
Figure 32. Location of Sir John Coode Park, Dock Square and Boruke Dock and Victoria Green.
Sir John Coode Park
Dock Square and Bourke Dock
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Victoria Green
Victoria Green
Picture 8. The community garden at Victoria Green. Figure 33. Location Victoria Green.
Victoria Green is a sheltered local park in the heart of Victoria Harbour, framed by relatvely narrow and quiet local streets and surrounded by a mix of residental, business and community actvites. The space has an intimate and relaxed character, with a lawn at its centre framed by a grove of canopy trees, which is in turn enclosed by the surrounding buildings. An intimate space hidden away from Docklands’ water promenades and wide main streets, it has a distinct sense of place.
Bilt-up area
Green & open space
Pedestrain network Figure 34. Urban components of Victoria Green.
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Dock Square and Bourke Dock
Picture 9. Dock square pavillion. Figure 35. Location Dock Square and Bourke Dock.
This future public space in the heart of Victoria Harbour will be a hybrid of civic space and park with a river dock. The proposed mix of community, retail, service, dining, waterfront and business activities framing its edges is intended to provide daily activation. The space will support medium-scale events such as music, outdoor movies and markets. Dock Square’s idenity draws on the site’s physical context including the water, wharf, the confluence of Bourke and Collins Streets and the introduction of special tree structures to provide an inviting and comfortable space. Adjacent community buildings and facilities, including a library, boating hub and potentially an outdoor swimming pool will support the civic role of the space.
Bilt-up area
Green & open space
Figure 36. Urban components of Dock Square and Bourke Dock.
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Pedestrain/cycle network
Sir John Coode Park
Picture 10. North Wharf as seen today.
Figure 37. Location Sir John Coode Park.
This park will have a distinctly maritime character. Located at the end of the former Australian Wharf, addressing the yarra River, Victoria Harbour and the Melbourne Ports, the park should preserve its industrial heritage including basalt rock edges, Amber piers (navigational lights), wharf fenders, a control tower and other former port infrastructure (rail lines, lights). As a destination for visitors and a local park, the park should offer information on its maritime heritage, picnic and resting areas, outdoor cafĂŠ/refreshments, views to the port and city skylines, a play space and fishing opportunities.
Figure 38. Urban components of Sir John Coode Park.
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URBAN MORPHOLOGY In its entirety Melbourne is medium rectangular block city, but on the Docklands area blocks are bigger and their shape is different. Buildings dene streets and squares.
Generally, the Docklands area is mainly formed by combination of grids, but the structure of morphological elements is inhomogeneous and requires more detailed research. At first glance it seems like all 9 districts that formed Dockland’s area are completely different in structure, function and building types. The next step is to go in deep and analyze the main dis tricts’ morphological structure for dening some common logic and similarities. 40. All the morphological elements constituting the Figure 39. Docklands area
Figure 40. 39. Melbourne Docklands vision, precints and surroundings
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TYPES OF SPATIAL CONTAINMENTS By analyzing morphological elements of the districts it was evident that the most common categories are: rows of multifunctional high-rise point towers on a platform, rows of mid-rise residential buildings, blocks of building formed around central space, very dense blocks of multifunctional buildings, Individual buildings as “objects in space”. The location near water and orientation on the waterfront is a crucial point for rows of multifunctional high-rise point towers on a platform and rows of mid-rise residential buildings; creating an urban realm is a main idea for blocks of building formed around central space; individual buildings as “objects in space” are mostly very huge objects as Southern Cross Station or Etihad Stadium; the very dense blocks of multifunctional buildings are usually located inside the “body” of the district.
Building Buildingare areformed formedaround aroundcentral centralspace space
Rows Rowsofofmid-rise mid-riseresidetial residetialbuildings buildings
Buildings areare onon the right angels toto one another, but Figure 41. 45. Buildings are formed around central the space. Buildings the right angels one another, but they don’t create a central space inside. Shape of the
Building are formed around central space
they don’t create a central space inside. Shape of the Rows of mid-rise buildings buildings in in the row isresidetial oriented on the waterfront. buildings therstrst row is oriented on the waterfront. Buildings are on the right angels to one another, but they don’t create a central space inside. Shape of the buildings in the rst row is oriented on the waterfront.
Building are formed around central space Row of multifunctional high-rise
Rows of mid-rise residetial buildings
Very of multifunctional high-rise point towes on Verydense denseblocks blocksofofmultifunctional multifunctional Figure 43. 42. Rows of mid-rise residential Figure 42. 41. Row ofRow multifunctional high-rise Buildings are on the right angels to onebuildings. another, but Buildings point buildings pointtowers towersonona platform a platform buildings they don’t create aone centralanother, space inside.they Shape of the create a are on the right angles to don’t connection between them in such type of spatial Buildings at right angles to one another. but they a platform.Small Small connections between them, buildings are Small Row connection between them inhigh-rise such type of spatial Buildings at right angles one another. but they of multifunctional Building are formed around central space Verydon’t dense blocks oftomultifunctional Rows buildings buildings inof themid-rise rst row isresidetial oriented on the waterfront. containment, buildings areare individual elements create a central space inside. containment, buildings individual elements don’t create a central space inside. central space inside. The shape of the buildings in the first individual elements in these types of spatial containment. Buildings are on the right angels to one another, but point towers on a platform buildings don’t create a central space inside. Shape of the Small connection between them in such type of spatial Buildings at right row anglesis to one another.they but they oriented on the waterfront. buildings in the rst row is oriented on the waterfront. containment, buildings are individual elements
don’t create a central space inside.
Row of multifunctional high-rise Individual Individualbuildings buildingsasas“objects “objectsininspace”. space”.
point towers on a platform Division ofof buildings reinforced byby division by streets. Division buildings reinforced division streets. between them in such type of spatial Smallbyconnection Row of multifunctional high-rise
Very dense blocks of multifunctional buildings
Buildings at right angles to one another. but they
Verydon’t dense blocks multifunctional buildings are individual elements create a central space inside. Individual buildings as “objects in space”. Figure 45. 43. Very dense blocks ofof multifunctional buildings. Figure 44. Individual buildings, “objectscontainment, in space”. Division point towers on a platform Figure buildings Division of buildings reinforced by division by streets. Small connection between them in such type of spatial Buildings at right angles to one but they The buildings are at right angles toanother. one another, they don’t of the buildings are reinforced by division of the streets. containment, buildings are individual elements don’t create a central space inside. create a central space inside.
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ANALYSIS OF DISTRICTS Victoria Harbour
VICTORIA HARBOUR The Victoria Harbour district is also not homogenious, it divides on the “Whraft Quarter” and the “City Quarter”. Public spaces and points of interest every 200-300m throughout the site.
Buildings are in a row, small connection between them in such type of spatial containment, buildings are individual elements
Group of buildings around a central space with varied and complex perimeter
build-up
Buildings at right angles to one another. Shape of the buildings is long and oriented on the waterfront
multifamily high-rise point towers
multifunctional high-rise and mid-rise buildings
green areas
multifamily low-rise garden apartment
internal court inside the block green boulevards on the perimeter
circulation system
linear green space green boulevards
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internal garden
Yarra’s Edge
YARRA’S EDGE
The masterplan for Yarra’s Edge is a unique village style marine neighbourhood of 14.5 hectares in the heart of Melbourne’s Docklands. Stretching 1.5kms along the southern bank of the Yarra between Charles Grimes Bridge and Bolte Bridge, Yarra’s Edge offers an exclusive and tranquil waterfront lifestyle. Stage 1 boasts ve stunning residential apartment towers, retail, mixed use and parkland areas. A place where residents can be in the vibrant restaurant, nightlife and theatre district within minutes and then retreat into their own idyllic space to relax and enjoy the view.
Buildings are on the right angels to one another, but they don’t create a central space inside.Shape of the buildings in the rst row is long and oriented on the waterfront.
Buildings are in a row, small connection between them in such type of spatial containment, buildings are individual elements
build-up
Buildings are organised by two rows. It is weak deenition of space, but they create several central space inside. Shape of the buildings is long and oriented on the waterfront.
multifamily low-rise garden apartments
multifunctional high-rise point towers
green areas
multifunctional low-rise and mid-rise buildings
green waterfront
circulation system
internal green spaces
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green waterfront
Newquay
NEWQUAY
The vision for NewQuay includes a number of exciting projects that will create further lifestyle opportunities for people to enjoy on Melbourne's waterfront. Taking cues from the iconic St Vincent Gardens in Albert Park, the next stage of NewQuay's evolution will include aninspired parkland featuring native ora and lush greens. The next phase will also feature a range of contemporary town houses, and new apartments are also being incorporated into the masterplan fronting the lush Quay Park. Upon completion, an additional 2,000 residents will have the opportunity to call NewQuay home. .
Buildings are grouping around central space.
Buildings are grouping around central space.
build-up
Buildings are grouping around central space. Relating the forms and lines of one building to nearby buildings. Shape of rst two rows of buildings is long and oriented on the waterfront.
multifunctional mid-rise building
multifunctional high-rise point tower on a platform and multifunctional mid-rise building
internal garden and green boulevards on perimeter
green space is open to the city
green space is a linking component of this spatial containment
circulation system
green areas
multifamily mid-rise slubs and mid-rise multifunctional buildings
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Digital Harbour
DIGITAL HARBOR
Digital Harbour is an inner urban community within Melbourne Docklands; a mixed use neighbourhood linked by a series of green landscaped recreation spaces with overlays of high speed communications infrastructure and exemplar buildings that epitomise Australian and World Best Practice Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD).
build-up
Perimeter block. Buildings lining the perimeter and facing the street. Buildings forming a perimeter have a great accessibility and that which located in a center of court have distributed in a green space and have a relationship with open spaces.
green areas
multifunctional mid-rise and high-rise building
circulation system
green spaces located inside the block and increase accessibility of all the block
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Batman’s Hill
BATMAN’S HILL
Batman’s Hill will function as a vibrant commercial and residential destination, an integrated part of Melbourne’s CBD, a hub adjacent to Southern Cross Station connecting the west side of the city grid to Docklands and South Wharf. The project will transform a largely unused part of the city into a lively, dynamic destination that will help connect the CBD with Docklands, through a diverse range of public spaces, new residential and office accommodation, and retail amenity.
Buildings at right angles to one another. They formed a very dense block.
A pattern of individual buildings as “objects in space”. Division of buildings reinforced by division by streets.
build-up
Buildings are grouping around central space.
multifunctional high-rise buildings and mid-rise buildings
multifunctional high-rise buildings on a platform and mid-rise buildings
public space open to the city
green alleys on the perimeter of the buildings
open spaces are oriented on the street are they are magnets for visiting these buildings
circulation system
green areas
multifunctional low-rise buildings and mid-rise buildings
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CONCLUTION The last 10 years has seen Docklands transform from a disused and derelict part of the city into a new harbor side destination and key draw card for business, residents and visitors. Docklands have a seamless network of welcoming public streets and waterfronts and a well-linked family of diverse public spaces that provide a choice of experiences, activities and journeys, for many people at various times of the day and night and throughout the seasons.
Main principle of organization in the Docklands area is a of combination of grids. The Docklands area has 9 districts that are completely different in structure, function and building types. So the structure of morphological elements is inhomogeneous and depends on the district.
Advantages
Disadvantages
•
In some districts like Batman’s hill or Yarra’s edge there is difficult to underline main function. All elements are different in function and morphology, and it is not evident to determine residential houses as residential. Also there is no schools or kindergartens near residential areas.
• • • • • • • • •
•
• •
A place for community and everyday activities Cultural vitality and creativity Diverse, comfortable and active public spaces A waterfront heritage Harbour destination Connected Docklands An eco Docklands Thriving business community Diverse residential community Good example of application of zoning, all the districts have main function. For example main function in Stadium Precint is sport. Provide a range of street types to support different uses and contribute to a functional, vibrant and high quality street network Ensure all building interfaces with public streets contribute positively to the life of the street. Design streets with high standards of amenity, comfort and convenience.
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Richard Florida (2005) mentioned in his writing article, ‘the key to Melbourne’s current and future success lies “live/ work/ learn/ play” attitude, perfectly encapsulated by the mixed use Docklands area. It has once again show that diversity of use in a waterfront space is important in success of development. However, Melbourne Dockland might not be the most world recognized waterfront space but there are lessons to be learnt from this study for how to connect a new development space within the city context
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Online Documents City of Melbourne, (2012), “Docklands public realm plan”, Melbourne. City of Melbourne, (2012), “Docklands community place plan – A Guide”, Melbourne. City of Melbourne, (2013), “ Acsses Docklands, A Strategy for the Dockland Transport System”, Melbourne. Coomes Consulting Group. (2008, April 8). Docklands Community Infrastructure Planning. City of Melbourne and VicUrban. Melbourne Dockland. (2012, July). Dockland community and place plan. From www.docklands.com Melbourne Dockland. (2012). Docklands sustainability sites guide. From www.docklands.com Melbourne Dockland. (2004, November). Australia Award for Urban Design 2004. From www.docklands.com Melbourne Dockland. (2009).Docklands Waterways Strategic Plan 2009- 2018. From www.docklands.com VicUrban Melbourne Docklands.(2008, April). Urban design and street furniture manual. Melbourne.
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Websites Wikipedia. (2013, December 16). Docklands Victoria. Retrieved December 20, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docklands,_Victoria
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RESOURCES Pictures Frontpage. Retrieved from http://5leafsuk.tistory.com/96 Page 1. Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/ Page 2. Retrieved from http://www.frenchloan.com.au/visas-restrictions/ Page 3. Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/inlina/6007964495/ Page 5. Retrieved from http://jcstreetrealestate.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/ Page 5. Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/topster/4098638918/sizes/z/in/ Picture 1. Page 9. Retrieved from http://www.weekendnotes.com/im/000/08/img1671-docklands-park21.jpg Picture 2. Page 9. Retrieved from http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8145/7386194954_34f2ac28f2_b.jpg Picture 3. Page 12. Retrieved from http://groupon.s3.amazonaws.com/sponsorship-imgs/Goods/ Picture 4. Page 17. Retrieved from http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=460389&page=2 Picture 5. Page 17. Retrieved from http://bambilust.blogspot.it/ Picture 6. Page 17. Retrieved from http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8248/8518995427_dfc5847fb1_o.jpg Picture 7. Page 17. Retrieved from http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=460389&page=2 Picture 8. Page 20. Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/homestyle/ Picture 9. Page 21. Retrieved from http://www.victoriaharbour.com.au/news-and-events/news-and-events/ Picture 19. Page 22. Retrieved from http://www.diannasnape.com.au/cms_images/16_22-05-2011_2693.jpg Page 25. All pictures retrieved from Victoria_Harbour_A4_Landscape_Information_Sheet.pdf Page 26. Top left picture retrieved from http://www.yarrasedge.com.au/ Page 26. Top right picture retrieved from http://www.arraybymirvac.com/invest-in-the-docklands Page 27. Top left picture retrieved from http://www.harbourescapeapartments.com.au/ATTRACTIONS.HTM Page 27. Top middle picture retrieved from http://www.bdp.com/Projects/By-Name/P-Z/Waterfront-City/ Page 27. Top right picture retrieved from http://www.au.timeout.com/melbourne/aroundtown/venues/2722/ Page 28. Retreived from http://www.digitalharbour.com.au/masterplan/amenity Page 29. Top left pictures etrieved from http://www.batmanshillcollinsstreet.com.au/about Page 29. Top right picture etrieved from https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutCouncil/Meetings/Lists/ Page 30. Retreived from http://www.harbourescapeapartments.com.au/Docklands%20Harbour%20City%20View.jpg * Pictures and figures are sorted after apperance. formatted with: Picture #. or Figure#. , page it appears on, recource. ** “un-noted� pictures will have the page it appears on listed as well as position on the page.
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Figures Figure 1. Page 6. Retrieved from Satellite (3).pdf Figure 2. Page 7. Retrieved from “Melbourne Docklands Development strategies & guidelines” Australia Award for Urban Design 2004, November 2004. www.docklands.com Figure 3. Page 7. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pdf Figure 4. Page 7. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pdf Figure 5. Page 7. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pdf Figure 6. Page 8. Retrieved from http://www.docklands.com/cs/ Figure 7. Page 10. Retrieved from Waterwaystrategy.pdf Figure 8. Page 12. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 9. Page 12. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 10. Page 12. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 11. Page 12. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 12. Page 12. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 13. Page 13. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pdf Figure 14. Page 13. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pdf Figure 15. Page 13. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pdf Figure 16. Page 14. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pd Figure 17. Page 14. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pd Figure 18. Page 14. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 19. Page 14. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 20. Page 15. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 21. Page 15. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 22. Page 15. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 23. Page 15. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 24. Page 15. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pdf Figure 25. Page 15. Retrieved from Access_Docklands.pdf Figure 26. Page 16. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 27. Page 16. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 28. Page 16. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 29. Page 17. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 30. Page 18. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 31. Page 18. Retrieved from Docklands public realm plan.pdf Figure 32. Page 19. Made by Atousa Marzban Figure 33. Page 20. Made by Atousa Marzban Figure 34. Page 20. Made by Atousa Marzban Figure 35. Page 21. Made by Atousa Marzban * Pictures and figures are sorted after apperance. formatted with: Picture #. or Figure#. , page it appears on, recource. ** “un-noted” pictures will only have the page it appears on listed as well as position on the page.
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Figures Figure 36. Page 21. Made by Atousa Marzban Figure 37. Page 22. Made by Atousa Marzban Figure 38. Page 22. Made by Atousa Marzban Figure 39. Page 23. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 40. Page 23. Retrieved from Satellite (3).pdf Figure 41. Page 24. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 42. Page 24. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 43. Page 24. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 44. Page 24. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Figure 45. Page 24. Made by Mariia Kapitonova Page 25. Top figure retrieved from hVictoria_Harbour_A4_Landscape_Information_Sheet.pdf All other figures made by us Page 26. All figures made by Mariia Kapitonova Page 27. All figures made by Mariia Kapitonova Page 28. Top figure retrieved from http://www.digitalharbour.com.au/masterplan All other figures made by Mariia Kapitonova Page 29. All figures made by Mariia Kapitonova
* Pictures and figures are sorted after apperance. formatted with: Picture #. or Figure#. , page it appears on, recource. ** “un-noted� pictures will only have the page it appears on listed as well as position on the page.
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