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CONTENT Geography...................................................................

Brief................................................................................

Structure........................................................................

Technical drawings......................................................

Use of space.................................................................

Skin................................................................................

Insulations / Joints........................................................

Environmental principles.............................................

BREEAM.........................................................................

Sun analyze..................................................................

Services.........................................................................

Building regulation.......................................................

Model............................................................................

4 6 12 21 29 32 35 43 47 51 58 61 64

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IRELAND Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. Its twentieth-largest island on earth and third-largest island in Europe It is the third-largest island in Europe. In east is the island of Great Britain and between them is Irish Sea and North Channel.

The island’s geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland.

The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature.

Thick woodlands covered the island until medieval times. As of 2013, the amount of land that is forested in Ireland is about 11% of the total land area, compared with European average of 35%.

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Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland

Location - Northwestern Europe Area - 84,421 km2 (32,595 sq mi) Area rank - 20th Coastline - 2,797 km (1,738 mi) Highest elevation -1,041 m (3,415 ft) Highest point - Carrauntoohil

DUBLIN Dublin is the capital of the Irland where is the Timberyard social housing located. Dublin is situated in the province of Leinster near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and the centre of the Dublin Region.

Founded as a Viking settlement, it evolved into the Kingdom of Dublin and became the island's principal city following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century; it was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire and the fifth largest in Europe. Dublin entered a period of stagnation following the Act of Union of 1800, but it remained the economic centre for most of the island. Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, the new parliament, the Oireachtas, was located in Leinster House.

Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State and later the Republic of Ireland.

Area City - 114.99 km2 (44.40 sq mi) Population *City - 525,383 *Density - 4,588/km2 (11,880/sq mi) *Urban - 1,110,627 *Metro - 1,804,156 *Demonym - Dubliner, Dub

Dublin is a city of rhythmic houses built of brick. Tall, gaunt and scuffing syncopations on the sidewalk and against the sky,

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin

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BRIEF “Dublin City Council were anxious to produce an exemplar residential social housing development in the area. The brief was set out by Dublin City Council and in consultation with the needs of the local and new residents.” It would be affordable low 47 flat residents Analysis of Brief “The design centres on a new public space on the site of a former timber yard, making a residential enclave with a sense of place. The development proposed to provide scale, identity and a piece of living city, which connects new development in the area to the historic character of the Liberties.”

The project was generated by the construction of the Coombe By Pass. “Planning was under local authority guidelines with public display of the proposed scheme in the Council offices and all observations responded to.

Photo @ http://www.odonnell-tuomey.ie/webpage/process.htm

Architects O’Donnell + Tuomey Architects The practice was established in 1981 by Sheila O’Donnell and John Tuomey, who had both previously worked for Stirling Wilford in London. The pair formed part of Group 91 Architects, the masterplanners for the regeneration of Dublin’s Temple Bar district in the early 1990s.

The practice became widely known when their Irish Film Centre and Gallery of Photography won the Downes Medal, in 1992 and 1996 respectively.

They have since designed a number of notable buildings, including the Glucksman Gallery at University College Cork,the Irish installation at the Venice Biennale 2004, and the Ranelagh Multidenominational School, which won the RIAI Triennial Gold Medal in 2006.

Source: http://www.archdaily.com/240896/timberyard-social-housing-odonnell-tuomey-architects/ 6

TIMBERYARD SOCIAL HOUSING Timbeyard social housing is located in Dublin, Ireland. Six storey scale proposed in general along the new Cork Street corridor and the smaller scale of the existing houses behind the site.

Timberyard Social Housing, Dublin, Ireland Completed - April 2009 Project Size - 3800 m2 Building Design - 24.04.2009 Duration - 20 months

47 dwellings and a street level community room in the historic Liberties of Dublin.

This scheme repairs the local landscape by providing a new collective space, built around a former timber yard, making a residential enclave with a sense of place.

The development proposes to provide scale, identity and a piece of living city, which connects new development in the area to the historic character of the Liberties. the Timberyard looks like a child’s drawing of the city. With its mysterious, deep openings, it is both familiar and strange, as the architect dreamt. It claims local allies, taking cues from an industrial brick tower across the road and, on its eastern edge, giving shelter to a Marian grotto that previously stood outside the site.

The Madonna is a surprise but she contributes graciously to the short pedestrian passage that is her new home. Locals have taken to placing a vase of cut flowers at her feet.

Photo @Timberyardbackground.pdf presentation

Photo @Timberyardbackground presentation.pdf City landscape

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SITE BEFORE THE TIMBERYARD HOUSING

Back of Grotto, 2001

Existing Site Showing Demolition for Road Widening

Existing Site Before Building

Lady of The Liberties is part of timberyard housing now

Source: Timberyardbackground presentation .pdf provided by O’Donnell + Tuomey Architects office 8

BUILDING DATA Timberyard Social Housing Architect: O’Donnell + Tuomey Client: Dublin City Council Contractor: Townlink Construction Structural Engineer: Downes Associates Services Engineer: Buro Happold Contact Value: €12.5m Date of Occupation: September 2009 Area: 3807 sq m Quantity surveyors: Boyd Creed Sweett Limited Mechanical/ Electrical engineer: Buro Happold Archaeologists: Archaeological Technology Ltd Fire consultants: Michael Slattery + Associates Contracor: Townlink Construction Ltf Bespoke external joinery: GEM Manufacturing Company Ltd Specialist joinery: Specialist Joinery Group Ltd Handrails/Balustrades: TARA Stainless Brick Softits: Ancon System, Long construction Services Winter gardens: Kilcoole Steel-Steelwork, Flexi FabGlazing Brick : Lagan Brick Ltd Terrazzo: PJ Ryan & Son Location: Dublin, Ireland Bldg. area: 3.800 m2 Construction 2007.3 – 2009.4

Height: 22.5 Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R): 1.0 Number of floors: 4-6

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SITE INFORMATION Primary use of the building Building if for social housing New public space on the site of a former timber yard, making a residential enclave with a sense of place.

A backland site was opened up when the Coombe By Pass cut through the city pattern.

The urban design requirement was for a new street frontage to heal the wounds caused by the road engineering operation.

Photo @ Timberyardbackground presentation .pdf by O’Donnell + Tuomey Architects office

Photo @ Google maps - Site in contruction time

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Photo @ Google earth - Site after construction finished

Client coment “Their objective to create a neighbourhood enclave has been handled very successfully.

The triangular central space which is narrow at Cork St and opens out to the rear of the site at Watkins Buildings is well formed and creates a sense of place and security for the residents.”

Site plan provided by Architect office by email

Site model provided by Architect office by email

Photo @ Timberyardbackground presentation by O’Donnell + Tuomey Architects office

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STRUCTURE The structure is concrete (in situ), with the exterior wrapped in brick which continues down into paving, while untreated iroko is used for the timber windows and screens. The iroko weathering towards greyer tones is set off well by the crisp lines of the brick, and the strips of timber are particularly attractive where they’re framed as a series of panels or combined with perpendicular timber, like on the recessed portion of third and fourth storeys on Cork Street.

Main materials The main materials are palette of brick, hardwood timber windows/screens and plain concrete.

Prefabricated Concrete ● Concrete is introduced as an additional materialPrefabricated concrete is known for its fast construction and standardizatin which means its highly cost efficient. ● It is also a sustainable building material, efficient in passive heating/cooling and can be recycled ‘green concrete’. ● It is an absorbent material, and therefore will slowly draw rainwater or even humidity into the wall. The cavity serves as a way to drain this water back out through weep holes at the base of the wall system or above windows. ● It also reduces the need for skilled labour onsite in its construction. ● According to Precast(2008) studies on innovative precast floor slabs have shown a 35% to 50% weight savings. ‘For an average-sized building, thiscan result in an embodied energy saving of about 184 tons of carbon, the equivalent of 60 car-years of carbon dioxide emissions, primarily from the reduction in cement used’.

Photos @ http://www.archdaily.com

Laminated timber ● Laminated timber fits our rustic style, aesthetic, low in maintenance, and a low cost material.

Bricks

Photos @ http://www.archdaily.com

Brick ● Brick add an industrial quality to our site referencing the Younghusbands and surrounding industrial heritage identified in the site analysis. The use of this material will integrate the building into the surrounding environment and reduce the stigmatism of low cost housing. Furthermore bricks are cheap and relatively low maintenance and quite strong.

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Source: Masonry Construction Manual Photos @ http://www.archdaily.com

STANDING UP Creating masonry you always differentiate between an external, visible,weatherproof and attractive payer and the material behind it, consisting of backfilling (in hollow masonry), unfired bricks, backing clay bricks, natural stone, concrete, reinforced concrete, steel cores, etc. Until very recently, however, this facing masonry was integrated with the internal part of the wall or through-bonded to form an indivisible whole: the masonry structure. Developments in building science and scientific studies on wall composition have separated these components into independent parts according to the task they need to fulfil. The principal tasks are loadbearing, insulating, blocking and cladding.

Each is now represented in an independent wall layer. What may seem a simple and logical step had far-reaching consequences for the aesthetic of the whole. This may come as a surprise at first glance, since the basic theoretical problems of this new concept of wall composition have always been considered in many different ways throughout the long history of architecture, as we have shown in the preceding section. In the functional context of building science in multilayered wall composition, masonry is simply "suspended", usually in half-brick, in front of the other layers for reasons of economy.

Since the connection to the rear is achieved with the help of wall ties and storey-high brackets supporting, the technical task of this facing is reduced to one of integrating the longitudinal forces. And, as was explained at the beginning, it is a common and generally ignored misconception that the design task is simply limited to fulfilling this function.

Structure of timeberyard social housing wall Source: Masonry Construction Manual

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TENSION AND COMPRESION Timberyard social housing is masonry structure building that makes it very strong in compression as every brick is stacked on each other but cannot carry any tension (because the mortal between bricks or blocks is unable to carry tension).

It cannot carry structural tension, it also cannot carry bending in fact, so masonry walls become unstable at relatively small heights. But all the floors are made of concrete slabs and they are in tension.

Lintel is known in different eras and different cultures. Its element of post and lintel construction.

It is defined as a structural horizontal block that spands the space or opening between two vertical suports. Timberyard building lintel is made metal as it has to carry a lots of loads.

Compresion

Tension Hiden lintel is located behind the bricks, you can tell that after the cement being around the top of the opening. All the brick at that place is decorative.

Photo @ Flickr.com

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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Project generators were construction of the Coombe By pass. A backland site was opened up and the urban design requirement was for a new street frontage to heal the wounds caused by the road engineering operation. A new urban corridor of apartments over retail along Cork Street was developed with the demolition of existing social housing pockets and the need for new social housing emerged to relocate residents.

Planning was under local authority guidelines with public display of the proposed scheme in the Council offices and all observations responded to.

The project extended over four blocks with buildings ranging from 3 to 7 storeys over a basement car park.

Timberyard buildings structure consisted of steel, concrete, blockwork and pre-cast floors.

External finishes included Iroko timber windows, balustrades and screens, brickwork and zinc roofing.

Other works included the provision for foul and surface water drainage, boundary walls, fencing and gates. Exposed concrete planters, seats and stairs were formed with brickwork walls and seats also constructed in the courtyard.

1. Strip footings - Footings are placed on the ground (foundation) prior to erection of the house taking place. Their purpose is to take the load of the structure above and transfer it to the foundation.

2. Sub-floor (base) structure - This is the construction between the floor frame and the footings. Timberyard probablly has concrete stumps.

3. floor - There are usually two type of floor in this situation its concrete pre cast slabs.

4. Walls - Masonry cavity walls with brick and concrete and insulation in middle. Exterior walls are made of A load bearing walls and interior walls are not load bearing.

5. ceiling - The ceiling conceals the roof cavity and consists of an internal lining material such as gyprock attached to a supporting framework.

6. roof - The roof is almost flat. The roof consists of a covering (tiles or sheet metal) and supporting framework.

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Photo @ http://www.pinterest.com/pin/118078821450408484/

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ROOF STRUCTURE The long, monopitch roof on the west side pitches sharply to admit sunlight to the cottages behind.

The second, longer, L-shaped block faces two streets and the yard, deftly negotiating different scales and challenges on each front.

Roof tiles

Rafter roll ventiator

Roofing felt, open to diffusion

Rafter

Tiling battens

Photo @ Timberyardbackground.pdf

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FLOOR STRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION The floors main material is precast conrete laving slabs with some polyester and HTA channel, etc.

All floor junctions are constructed in way that adequate thermal break is assured. The closing brick sealing the edge of the floor slab is same material as the rest of the wall, that creates a sonsistent substrate for the rendering.

Photo @ http://www.gemgroup.ie/our-projects/all-projects/timberyard-apartments.html

•50 mm precast concrete laving flag (450/450/50mm) •Adjustable support system Minimum height 17mm Minimum diameter of base 150mm •Buzon screwjack pedestrial •2mm non-woven polyester fleece •60mm extruded polyester insultation Thermal conductivity 0.027 w/mk •Knauf – unsulation polyfoam roofboard 20mm mastic asphalt, permaphalt In 2 coats On black sheeting felt 100mm structural screed (mimumum) Laid to falls (1:800) max 110.6mm •125mm precast “wideslab” floor units

38/17 HTA channel with M12 bolt for hanger and HL channel

Timberyard social housing most likely have strip footing foundation. At the side you can see the slurry walls holding the ground from falling inside the underground car park.

Slurry walls strip footing foundation

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STAIRS STRUCTURE There are different ways how to construct stairs in masonry building, mostly it depends from the pitch.

Its possible to contrsuct them using various combinations of masonry. “In principle, the supporting construction can make use of loadbearing masonry walls with segmental arches, precast concrete elements or reinforced concrete stairs.�

Treads probably are formed from DF units laid horizontally and also on edge. Probablly concrete steps which are incorporated without sound insulation at the ends. They might have used continuous reinforced concrete stair flight with sound insulation at the supports to satisfy sound insulation requirements.

When it comes about stair entrance it can be constructed as a solid block located completely within the width between the reveals of the doors opening. The size of the landing depends on the nature of the entrance door and the design of the entrance. Its important to have reasonable sized foundation for the stair block, if necessary seprate to the loadbearing construction of the basement.

Photo @ Timberyardbackground presentation .pdf

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1. Brick on-edge course 2. Reinforced concrete stair flight

Source: Masonry_Construction_Manual 19

Photo @ http://www.pinterest.com/

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN

5m

Drawings are gotten after consultation with architecture office and I have transformed them to my needs.

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FIRST FLOOR PLAN

5m

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THIRD FLOOR PLAN

5m

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FOURTH LOOR PLAN

5m

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FIFTH FLOOR PLAN

5m

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SIXTH FLOOR PLAN

5m

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SOUTH AND WEST COURTYARD ELEVATION

5m

5m

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SECTIONS

5m

5m

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USE OF SPACE

Bad/Study Kitchen WC

Bedroom

LIving room

Bath

5M

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USE OF SPACE

Kitchen/Dinning/Living Terrace Void Bedroom Bath

5M

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USE OF SPACE

Kitchen/Dinning/Living Terrace Bedroom Study/bed Bath

5M

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SKINS Building skin is made of brick (Stretcher bond) by company Lagan Brick Ltd. They are brought to site by heavy vehicle that comes from Lagan Brick Ltd fabric.

Brick size 65x215x102.5

Laying bricks “After creating mortar, you need to place it on boar that is wet to make it hold longer.

Place a few shovels of mortar on each board, splashing the board first with water so the mortar “keeps”, or stays wet enough to use.

Set another course of brick, starting at the corner, on top of the first course.

Keep the height of the brick the same using a spirit or carpenter’s level, and keep the end joints (head joints) equal.

Lay up several courses on each end of the wall you are going to lay first, these are the “leads”, then you can attach a piece of builder’s line at the top of each brick as you lay up the remaining brick in this wall, keeping them aligned and level.

1. Mortar 2. Brick 3. Shovel

Strike the head and bed joints with a “jointer” or “joint striker” when the mortar has begun to set.

Brush the face of the brick with a “foxtail” brush to wipe away excess mortar and finish smoothing the joint.”

Source: http://www.wikihow.com/Lay-Brick Photo @ http://www.downesassociates.ie/projects/local-authority-housing/timberyard-housing-dublin 32

SKINS

1. Halfen ribslot channel Halfen HTS-B tie 2. 38/17 HTA Channel 3. Halfen HMA Brick Support system to suit loading and cavity with 38/17 hm channel Welded to bottom.

4. Halfen hanger (special) c/w *6 x 70 dowel 5. 2no. 38/17 HTA halften channel

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Bricks are joined with mortal

Different type of tools to connect and keep safe the brick structre

Perlorated flat bat Masonry anchor Mid steel to DIN 488 Wire tie 33

Photo @ http://www.flickr.com/photos/architectural_association/sets/72157608768313118/

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ROOF AND WALL JOINTS All the walls must be connected to floors and as well to roof frames. That guarantees transfer of forces and provision of horizontal support for loadbearing and stiffening walls.

This sort of things can be archieved by anchors or either trought adhesion and friction.

To archieve three-dimensional stability for the building, ring beams must be placed in all externall and crosswalls which act as vertical plates for carrying horizontal loads.

Ring beam It is a horizontal support (beam) in construction that ties together the walls of masonry.

Its usually made of wood or toughened concrete and placed along the tops of the walls, and provides tensile strenght that brickwork lacks, in particular at the joints between walls.

Hanger connection Its been used in floor the hanger connection, its possible its been done same for roof as well. It well suspends the roof and the floor system. Hangers are generally anchored to a wall through a joint and into a bond beams. However, hangers for direct attachment to the surface of a masonry wall are also avaiable.

Several materials are common to roof and floor con-struction. Wood, concrete, and steel are among the most frequently used framing materials in these applications.

Rafter one of several parallel sloping beams that support a roof.

Thru-bolt with washer at exterior

LTT Anchors

Strengthening Wall Anchors - One of several ways to strengthen the connections between the roof and floor joists and the walls is to install brackets and rods that go through the walls and attach to the joists.

Information/photos step4/rooffloor.html

New Plates and nuts

Brackets, rods and bolts

http://www.earthquakecountry.org/

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WALL INSULATION TW50 Insulation This is high performance rigid thermoset insulation.

Cavity is clear maintained- resists moisture penetration. It has low emissivity foil facing significantly increase the thermal resistance of the cavity.

Meets NHBC technical requirements when used with a 50m residual cavity Unaffected by air infiltration Easy to handle and install Non-deleterious material Manfactured with a blowing agent that has zero ODP and low GWP. Cavity concrete block: Thermal conductivity - 0.700 Thermal resistance - 0.143 Glass Wool ( 0.150m) Thermal conductivity – 0.04 Thermal resistance – 3.75 Brickwork Thermal conductivity - 0.44 thermal resistance - 0.227 ΣR = 4.12 m2 K/W U = 1 / 4.12 = 0.242 W/m2 K Glazing: 1.8 W/m2 K

Bric outer leaf Lime mortar joints 60mm kingspan thermal wall TW50 insulation 215mm RC to ENG. SPEC. 12mm sand/cement plaster With 3mm skin

Cold bridges (thermal bridge) are the areas in a building where a gap occurs in the insulation. That creates a great risk of condensation forming. With that comes the added problem if mould.

To help to fix this problem building used slate cavity closers

Main areas of focuse are junctions, particularly to the ground and around the roof. Also its possible building have used the mostcost efficient way - to overlap the different layers of insulation as to prevent the gap.

Air circulation through the cavity, which enters through the air vent, assists in drying out any moisture which penetrates the external masonry wall.

The size and position of the cavity is governed by the building regulations. http://insulationlsa.weebly.com/cold-bridging.html 36

WALL INSULATION AND INTERIOR WALL LININGS The cavity effect is to provide thermal and acoustical insulation, and a barrier which prevgents the transfer of moisture from the outside wall to the inside wall.

The two walls are tied together at regular intervals with galvanised wall ties, and this increases the strength of the structure. These are set in place by the bricklayer as the wall is built. The spacing of wall ties is governed by building regulations. The effects of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake led to the regulations requiring more wall ties than previously what has been done in Timberyard social housing.

Inside walls of Timberyard social housing are made from Concrete blocks with plaster around it and timber skin.

Photo @ http://www.archdaily.com/240896/timberyard-social-housing-odonnell-tuomey-architects/

FLOOR INSULATION

5mm marmoleum 100mm structural screed 125 mm precast “wide slab� floor units Gyproc MF system suspended ceiling 15mm plasterboard with 3mm skin

CEILINGS LINED Ceilings lined Ceilings are not lined in brickword they are made from concrete not a brick.

Source:http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=107401663 37

WINDOWS / DOOR The window openings recess a full brick, giving the openings as greater sense of depth. All openings have solid hanging brick lintels and brick sills to create an illusion of punching through the brick faรงade. The courtyard is paved in a carpet of brick to match the faรงade. Iroko timber windows and timber screens are left untreated.

Doors are positioned flush with the outside face of the loadbearing leaf in order to provide a neat junction with the floor.

The insulation is covered by a wooden lining fixed on the outside to the sides and top of the opening and insulation is covered by a wooden lining fixed on the outside to the sides and top of the opening.

Halfen hanger (special) c/w *6 x 70 dowel 2no. 38/17 HTA channel with M12 t bolt for hanger and HL channel Untreated iroko windows

10mm powder coated steel balustrade

4mm powder coated mild steel Sill with PDC dressed into windows flashings on 30mm insulation on slate cavity closer.

Source: Masonry Construction Manual 38

DRAUGHT-PROOFING AND VENTILATION Draught-proofing for professional use might cost around 200£.

For the windows they probablly used metal or plastic strips with brushes or wipers attached. They are long-lasting, but cost more then self-adhesive foam strips.

For doors there are different aspects you have to take care of.

For keyhole the most regular would be making a cover that drops a metal disc over the keyhole.

For the gaps at the bottom probablly used a brush or hingged flap draught excluder.

Edge gaps are done with fit-foam, brush or wiper strips tike those used for windows. o they outside doors has draught-proofing, but inside doors between two heated room don’t, as you don’t loose energy in warm air circulation.

Ventilation Air is still flowing around in order to house stay fresh, dry and healthy.

Individual in the Collective Photo @ Timberyardbackground.pdf

In the house you can find extractor fans- they take damp air quickly in rooms where lots of moistures is produced. ( Bathrooms. utility rooms, kitchen) Under-floor grilles or airbrick helps to keep floors dry.

Wall vents also lets small amount of fresh air into rooms.

And the modern windows have trickle vents above. They let fresh air trickle in.

The cavity wall that timberyard social housing has, have 10mm ventilation gaps by the floors and windows.

Source: http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Insulation/Draught-proofing 39

FLOOR FINISHES How to instal marmoleum floor To instal marmoleum floor you start with filling the seams. You can do that with portland cement, using mudding knife spread it a thin layer over all the seams and low sports in the underlayment. You have to make it as smooth as possible in order to do less sanding later.

When portland cement dries, scape off the excess with the putty knife. Do the sanding afterwards to make it smooth.

Precut border pieces and dry fit them, before gluing them down. Wherever borders will meet, you have to cut a 45-degree angle to miter the joint.

After you take square notch trowel to spread the manufacturers adhesive. after that immediately lay down border pieces and use a hand roller to make sure all edges are down.

After you need to mark layout of borders. Using chalk line you indicate where borders are going to go. Use a hairspray on the chalk line to keep it from smudging.

After that you have to install main flooring. Make sure you use good adhesion and to get any air bubbles out. One of last steps is to trim floor to fit.

Once the entire floor is down, use an underscrible tool to make perfect cuts along each edge. After the entire floor is in, put on some couple coats of acrylic sealer.

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Source / Photos @ http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/how-to-install-marmoleum-flooring/index.html

WALL, CEILINGS FINISHES AND LIGHTS Exterior walls have brick skin so that makes it brick finish mostly. Some parts of exterior are done with laminated oak timber.

Interior walls are done with oak laminated timber finish and exterior wall interior is done with concrete.

Ceilings are finished with smooth concrete.

It will give great sound insulation, very reflective as concrete is smooth, and wont let sound go to other floors.

Laminated oak timber

Brick

Photo @ http://www.archdaily.com/240896/timberyard-social-housing-odonnell-tuomey-architects/

Laminated oak timber

Smooth concrete

Photo @ http://www.gemgroup.ie/our-projects/all-projects/timberyard-apartments.html

Lighting designs Timberyard social housing has lot of windows and terraces that gives extra light from outside. That lets save the energy on lights inside. You will not find a lot of lighting inside as you can see in photo above. Altrought there are few instaled lights in courtyard for the night time. With locations of the light you can see in page xx

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Photos @ http://www.reflectingcity.com/sw-gallery/category/172

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ENVIRONMENT PRINCIPLES Climate data The weather in Dublin brings mild summers and mild winters. In last few years the weather of Dublin has displayed pockets of uncharacteristically high maximum temperatures reaching 31°C at times.

Preciptation occurs frequently and snow is not uncommon during January.

Summer Dublin weather remains pleasant and enyojable all through tye year. During summer months, the avarage high stands around 22°C, the lowest it gets usually is below 12-15°C. Rainfall is very much common in the season.

Around May and June Dublin get more than 21 hours of sunshine per month.

Winter Winter season sees much colder temperature. The awarge low of 5°C. January and Bebruary are the coldest months of the year when Dublin receives not more then 3.5°C of average low.

In december they witnesses only 1.5 hours of sunshine per day. Also its the wettest month when Dublin gets around 88mm of precipitation.

Source: http://www.kingspaninsulation.co.uk/getattachment/b08c2d53-474b-4bfd-ad44-d38eb4041dd2/Thermawall-TW50.aspx

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ENVIRONMENT PRINCIPLES Comparing climate data between 2003 and 2013

Latitude: 53.43 | Longitude: -6.25 | Altitude: 68 2013

2003

Data Annual average temperature: Annual average maximum temperature: Annual average minimum temperature: Annual average humidity: Annual total precipitation: Annual average visibility: Annual average wind speed:

Valor 9.6°C

Data Annual average temperature: Annual average maximum temperature: Annual average minimum temperature: Annual average humidity: Annual total precipitation: Annual average visibility: Annual average wind speed:

13.1°C 5.7°C 80.90% 10.8 Km 20.3 km/h

Total occurrences Total days with rain: Total days with snow:

Amount 273 26

Total days with thunderstorm:

5

Total days with fog: Total days with tornado or funnel cloud: Total days with hail:

23

Total occurrences Total days with rain: Total days with snow: Total days with thunderstorm: Total days with fog: Total days with tornado or funnel cloud: Total days with hail:

0 11

The highest temperature recorded was 26.2°C on July 9.

The lowest temperature recorded was -5.6°C on April 6.

The maximum wind speed recorded was 104.3 km/h on January 29.

13.1°C 5.7°C 80.90% 10.8 Km 20.3 km/h

Amount 273 26 5 23 0 11

The highest temperature recorded was 25.7°C on August 7.

The lowest temperature recorded was -5.2°C on December 30.

The maximum wind speed recorded was 88.9 km/h on January 17.

The shortest day is December 21 with 7:30 hours of daylight The longest day is June 20 with 17:01 hours of daylight.

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Valor 9.6°C

Source: http://weatherspark.com/averages/28818/Dublin-Leinster-Ireland

ENVIRONMENT PRINCIPLES Clouds The median cloud cover is 88% (mostly cloudy) and does not vary substantially over the course of the year.

Precipitation Preciptation is mostly around December of 6. occurring in 81% of days. Least likely around May 15, occurring in 68% of days.

Source: http://weatherspark.com/averages/28818/Dublin-Leinster-Ireland

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ENVIRONMENT PRINCIPLES Snow The biggest chance of snow falling is around February 2, occurring in 12% of days. The season in which it is relatively likely for snow to fall spans from November 30 to April 27.

Probability of Snow Fall Being Reported in a Given Day

Wind Over the course of the year typical wind speeds vary from 1 m/s to 10 m/s (light air to fresh breeze), rarely exceeding 15 m/s (high wind).

The highest average wind speed of 6 m/s (moderate breeze) occurs around January 10, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 10 m/s (fresh breeze).

The lowest average wind speed of 4 m/s (gentle breeze) occurs around August 4, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 7 m/s (moderate breeze).

46 Source: http://weatherspark.com/averages/28818/Dublin-Leinster-Ireland

BREEAM it is world’s foremost environmental asessment method and rating system for building. It sets the standard for best proactise in sustainable building design, construction and operation and has becme one of the most omprehensive and widely recognised measures of a building’s environmental performance.

It encourages designers, clients and others to think about low carbon and low impact design, minimising the energy demands created by a building before considering energy efficiency and low carbon technologies.

Energy The housing is built to the latest Building Regulation standards including the updated conservation of fuel and energy regulations.

The long, monopitch roof on the west side pitches sharply to admit sunlight to the cottages behind.

The way that the building is positioned, allows the sunlight to get in most of the flats, reducing the need of using artificial light during the day.

Every flat has at least two open sides with windows, balconies and gardens, so there is n need for air conditioning as passive cooling is made possible.

Cavity concrete block: Thermal conductivity - 0.700 Thermal resistance - 0.143 Glass Wool ( 0.150m) Thermal conductivity – 0.04 Thermal resistance – 3.75 Brickwork Thermal conductivity 0.44 thermal resistance 0.227 ΣR = 4.12 m2 K/W U = 1 / 4.12 = 0.242 W/m2 K Glazing: 1.8 W/m2 K

Prefabricated concrete it is also a sustainable building material, efficient in passive heating/ cooling .

The external lighting is minimal, small lights are build in the siting spaces.

Transport The building has a good location in the city, being close to the centre and bus and train links.

Dublin has a bus network and a few railways + tram link.

There are 7 different day and night buses serving the closest 3 bus stops.

The building has no cycle storage. So a secured sheltered cycle locking can be made available to reduce CO2 pollution.

There are no car parks made available for the building.

Source: Our studio presentation about BREEAM 47

BREEAM Pollution GWP/ ODP emission The construction industry today uses man-made materials like concrete, steel, brick, aluminum and fiberglass in nearly 95% of all new buildings.

The amount of energy used and pollution created from man-made construction materials is 48% of the total energy used in the U.K (1992) and 46% of the country’s carbon dioxide emissions.

Dublin Timberyard housing main materials are brick and timber. The walls are formed by a concrete structure with a brick skin.

The timber screens and windows are kept untreated, which is a plus to the non-pollutant aims If the CO2 emissions from the brick in a square metre of brickwork it equates to 0.000186 tonnes of CO2/sq metre/y The 3,800 square metre scheme emits 0.7068 tonnes of CO2 per year, that means 706 kg and 800 g.

Comparing Timberyard housing- 47 dwellings with a typical brick 2 bedroom end of terrace home Assuming that the 2 bedroom was around 64 square meter 0.000186 CO2 x 64 sq meter/year = 0.11904 tonnes/ year =119 kg 40g / year 706 kg / 47 dwellings = 15.021 kg/ dwelling / y

Surface run-off Dublin is a is situated in an area that is defined as having a medium annual probability of flooding, rain water holding facilities and/ or sustainable drainage techniques need to be able to attenuate at least 75% of the peak flow during a design storm event.

November – 72.7 mm Average rainfall days 25 72.7 mm / 25 = 2.908 mm / rainfall day

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BREEAM Materials At the level of architecture it expresses a commitment to quality and durability in materials while being sensitive to the identity of the individual in the variety of its external expression.

The main materials are palette of brick, hardwood timber windows/screens and plain concrete.

Echoing the existing housing and industrial buildings in the area and the former use of the site as a timber yard.

The building is an insitu concrete structure with the exterior wrapped in brick which continues down into paving a typical cavity construction. while untreated iroko is used for the timber windows and screens.

Photo @ O’Donnell + Tuomey Architects

The concrete structure allowed the openings in the façade to be offset from each other and also enabled a greater flexibility with apartment layouts by stepping the internal party walls vertically .

Also a key element in approaching a design will be through the use of affordable materials.

Prefabricated Concrete Concrete is introduced as an additional material.

Prefabricated concrete is known for its fast construction and standardizatin which means its highly cost efficient. It is also a sustainable building material, efficient in passive heating/cooling and can be recycled ‘green concrete’.

It is an absorbent material, and therefore will slowly draw rainwater or even humidity into the wall.

The cavity serves as a way to drain this water back out through weep holes at the base of the wall system or above windows.

It also reduces the need for skilled labour onsite in its construction.

According to Precast(2008) studies on innovative precast floor slabs have shown a 35% to 50% weight savings. ‘For an average-sized building, this can result in an embodied energy saving of about 184 tons of carbon, the equivalent of 60 car-years of carbon dioxide emissions, primarily from the reduction in cement used’.

Laminated timber Laminated timber fits our rustic style, aesthetic, low in maintenance, and a low cost material.

Bricks Brick add an industrial quality to our site referencing the Younghusbands and surrounding industrial heritage identified in the site analysis. The use of this material will integrate the building into the surrounding environment and reduce the stigmatism of low cost housing. Furthermore bricks are cheap and relatively low maintenance and quite strong.

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BREEAM Ecology Use of nature as they have planted their own trees within the site. However they are not protected well with any barriers – low ecological value.

The watercourse is protected by cut-off ditches and site drainage which prevents run-off to natural watercourses (in case of causes of pollution, silting or erosion).

The space is very open and isn’t particularly safe for wildlife. Nevertheless the architecture doesn’t seem to attract wildlife within the area.

Overall the building doesn’t bring much attention to nature as its materials and forms are more important to the architects concepts.

Health and wellbeing The space are more generous, as new tenants are coming from older and bigger houses.

The flats are all double sided, having two or three outside spaces- a big balcony, a garden or a winter garden outside the living spaces.

The main social/ play space is the triangular courtyard, with window seats at ground level, recessed balconies and winter gardens above.

There are south facing flats with interlocking balconies and gardens that communicate with the street, open to let the sun in.

The building complex is arranged in such a way that permits the sun to get inside the flats and in the same time creates shade for the communal courtyard.

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Photo @ O’Donnell + Tuomey Architects

SUN STUDY ANALYSIS

January 21, 6:00 AM

January 21, 12:00 AM

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SUN STUDY ANALYSIS

January 21, 6:00 PM

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April 21, 6:00 AM

SUN STUDY ANALYSIS

April 21, 12:00 AM

April 21, 6:00 PM

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SUN STUDY ANALYSIS

July 21, 6:00 AM

July 21, 12:00 AM 54

SUN STUDY ANALYSIS

July 21, 6:00 PM

October 21, 6:00 AM

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SUN STUDY ANALYSIS

October 21, 12:00 AM

October 21, 6:00 PM 56

Photo @ http://www.gemgroup.ie/our-projects/all-projects/timberyard-apartments.html

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SERVICES Ventilation Every flat inside the house has at least two open sides with windows, balconies and gardens. That makes building completely possible only for passive cooling and no need for air conditioning.

Hot air and moisture out

Cool air in

Natural ventilation, passive cooling

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SERVICES Heating The way that the building is positioned, allows the sunlight to get in most of the flats, reducing the need of using artificial light during the day.

Also as its build from prefabricated concrete it makes it efficient in passive heating/cooling

Solar Radiation reflecting to glass and taking heat inside the building.

Some heats always reflects back and goes away, because of the glass material.

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SERVICES Lights The building gets a lot of sunglinght coming in, as the terraces are opened and there are lots of windows. As residential with different set of rooms, its necesery to have different lighting in each room.

1.

6.

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4.

3.

4.

6.

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4.

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1. 350 lux (Indirect) Incandescent lamps 2. 300 lux (direct) Incandescent lamps 3. 300 lux (direct) Discharge lamps ( counter top - 750 lux) 4. 200 lux (direct) Incandescent lamp 5. 500 lux (direct) Incandescent lamp (task - 800 lux) 6. 300 lux (indirect) incandescent lamps

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BUILDING REGULATIONS PART B (FIRE) Timberyard social housing is build by latest building regulation standards including the updated conservation of fuel and energy regulations.

The space standards are more generous than the last standards issued as new tenants are coming from older and bigger housing than has been provided in the last few years.

The actualy fire exit location is nowhere provided, but exit doors are in great amount around the building, including every flat in ground floor.

From every location there are exit doors at least 18m distance. Also other floors at least 45 m x floor.

That means its after building regulation standarts.

There is great amount of stair cases inside the building that lets people evacuation quick. Houses are also provided with fire extinguisher in each flat and other spaces.

The problem in fire situation could rise from the fact that some of the interior walls are made of timber.

Altrought the building is design with escelators it does not provide stairs with disable access, that would be a risk in fire situation.

Its simple access for fire situation services to the building.

Cooking stations

Possible fire exits

Both houses are equipped with fire detectors and fire alarms

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BUILDING REGULATIONS PART B AND K All the doors are after Building regulation standarts. The minimum width of doors is 1.1m and the high of 2m.

2.9 m 1.22m

2.8 m 1.16m

Timberyard housing is provided with a big amount of stairs. After building regulations the rise is between 150-170 mm. Timberyard housing rise is 0.26 that is too big for standarts, but lenght of step is 0.3 and after building regulation UK it can be from 280 mm - 340 mm.

3.05m 6.8m

1.36m

0.26m

0.3m

30 degree

The sizes might not be completely accurate 62

BUILDING REGULATIONS PART K AND M

3.36m

2.23m 1.16m

1.03m

After building regulation rules the head room must be at least two metres at all points from the pitch line.

Landing must be at least equal to the width of the rarowest flight at top and bottom of stairs.

With should be at least 600mm

There are about 3 type of terraces/ balconies for the Timberyard social housing. One of them is made from metal with glass walls that completely protects person.

Other type of terrace is protected with long +2 m lenght timber wall, that wont let anyone to get trought.

Part M

Photo @ http://www.archdaily.com/240896/timberyard-social-housing-odonnell-tuomey-architects/

There is no disable stairs in the building.

Also no information provided if Timberyard social housing have any disable toilets, altrought there is big amount of normal toilets.

The elevator entrance size is 1.2 m for disabled person is needet of 80mm only.

The sizes might not be completely accurate

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MODEL AND PROGRESS

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MODEL AND PROGRESS

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MODEL AND PROGRESS

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