Sphere Project

SPHERE PROJECT GLOBAL

DATA

MATERIALIZATION

Development of digital technology and fabrication could enable us to show the data within physical material. Global situation and referential process between physical and digital model suggest which material I choose intuitively.

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32

36

16

1 24

11

23 18 3

Travel time

0

6

30

40 Houston – Intercontinental

10

35

7 37

14 29 22 26 33

12

10h

0

Travel Time Ground Distance

12,000km

8,000km

15

19

28

34

21

541,632

20h

20

38 5

4,000km

0

13

39

Passengers

30h

16,000km

ROUTES

31

Ground distance

2,517,896

FLIGHT

Developing air transportation system makes us feel the world smaller than ever. The cities connected by the transportation attract each other. People move around the world by power of this attraction. I referred statistics about travel time, distance and passenger handling in Heathrow. In 2010, Heathrow was the busiest airport in Europe in terms of total passenger traffic, with 13.2% more passengers than ParisCharles de Gaulle Airport and 24.3% more than Frankfurt Airport. By July 2011, Heathrow was the third busiest airport in the world, after Atlanta and Beijing, and overtaking Chicago O’Hare. From the same period in 2010, it had passenger numbers had increased by 7%.

9 17

New York City – JFK

BUSIEST

4

40

27

INTERNATIONAL

25

8

1

40

5h = 1,740km

2 Rank

Airport

Passengers

Travel Time

Distance(km)

1

New York City – JFK

2,517,896

7h

2min

5573

2

Dubai

1,787,561

6h 55min

5477

3

Dublin

1,493,613

1h

464

4

Hong Kong

1,386,779

11h 52min

9626

5

Amsterdam

1,333,124

0h 55min

358

6

Paris – CDG

1,299,701

0h 53min

338

7

Frankfurt am Main

1,266,240

1h

639

8

Los Angeles

1,189,309

11h 31min

8952

9

Chicago – O’Hare

1,138,012

8h 44min

6378

10

Madrid

1,093,538

2h

7min

1263

11

Newark

1,091,818

7h

6min

5592

12

Rome – Fiumicino

1,032,872

2h 6 min

1432

13

Singapore

1,022,220

13h 20min

10848

14

Munich

975,465

1h 45min

918

15

Mumbai

957,439

8h 59min

7197

16

Toronto – Pearson

940,448

7h 14min

5739

17

Washington – Dulles

920,514

7h 28min

5934

18

Stockholm – Arlanda

912,362

2h

7min

1444

19

Istanbul – Atatürk

905,002

3h 22min

2497

20

Delhi

893,196

8h 24min

6721

21

Johannesburg

886,146

11h 10min

9039

22

Zurich

876,385

1h 32min

779

23

Copenhagen

870,072

1h 48min

958

24

Boston

866,719

6h 41min

5277

25

San Francisco

860,617

10h 42min

8636

26

Geneva

859,143

1h 30min

748

27

Miami

822,315

8h 54min

7137

28

Athens

784,308

3h 15min

2396

29

Vienna

731,100

1h 52min

1238

30

Lisbon

727,335

2h 17min

1587

31

Sydney

696,301

20h 38min

16974

32

Tokyo – Narita

683,186

11h 50min

9594

33

Milan – Linate

647,636

1h 49min

961

34

Doha

640,528

6h 37min

5218

35

Barcelona

605,989

1h 45min

1139

36

Bangkok – Suvarnabhumi

597,826

11h 48min

9561

37

Berlin – Tegel

596,543

1h 45min

926

38

Oslo

592,477

1h 45min

1156

39

Helsinki

578,543

2h 34min

1826

40

Houston – Intercontinental

541,632

9h 41min

7817

5min

4min

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AZIMUTHAL

EQUIDISTANT

PROJECTION

Azimuthal equidistant projection map precisely show distances between London located centre, and other cities. Therefore, the edge of map is circle so that this is appropriate to see how our world is shirked in global scale by the air transportation.

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31

8

40

27

4

9

36 13

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23 18 20 0

15 19 12

28

21

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SPACE/TIME*PASSENGER

PROJECTION

MAP

As the first attempt, I deformed map based on the statistics. The speed of air plane in longer routes are faster than shorter ones. The density of the route is not homogeneity in the world. Those two effect cause complexity of deformation of the map.

31

31’

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CHOICE

OF

MATERIAL

:

FOLDING

PAPER

Paper is suitable to show geometry change because it has appropriate hardness of material and easy to work. I tested fold the part of world map to make closer several cities. Then, these are valleys appeared, which show the gap between travel time and ground distance.

London

Madrid

Vienna

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PAPER

SPHERE

AND

ITS

3D

SCANNING

Because I could not see complexity in the part of the paper map, I picked up 3 routes from the map based on time-space*population and then bind physical sphere to see what will be happens on the sphere. I used Japanese traditional paper for this model because Japanese paper is stronger the others but still flexible owing to longer fibre. Then, I scanned it by 3D scanner. Interestingly, the deep valleys could not be cached up and turn into hales even though strings were got. This result gave the idea of digitalization of paper sphere to further development.

MISSING

21

21

2

2

0

0 31

31

Japanese paper model

3D scanned paper model

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MESH

FACES

ON

3D

SCANNING

MODEL

We can see many triangulated mesh faces on 3D scanning model. I thought this is important point of simulate movement of paper sphere. I start looking at sphere mesh geometries with considering result of 3D scanning. Then, I decide use Geodesic geometry because it is the most triangulated sphere that can be suitable for simulation movement. After deciding geometry of sphere,I tested hinge of Geodesic dome while simulating paper sphere on Grasshopper.

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HINGE

TEST

MODELS

Then, I decide use Geodesic geometry because it is the most triangulated sphere.

After deciding geometry of sphere,I tested hinge of Geodesic dome while simulating paper sphere on Grasshopper.

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HINGE

TESTING

Different material on hinge lead to different physical property of deformation.

Rubber hinge can easy to deform but power can not distribute whole shape. Meanwhile, plastic band hinge is difficult to deform but can distribute power. As result,the shape has plastic hinge more undulate than rubber one. I realize stiffness of hinge is important factor to simulate materiality on computer. More stiff hinge become more like board material, less stiff one become more like cloth material.Paper has material property in between those two.

RUBBER HINGE - Move smooth but force do not deliver each face.

STIFF HINGE - Move difficult but force is easy to deliver each face.

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ANIMATION

OF

HOW

TO

CREASE

The surface between two cities protruded and cities go the inside of original geometry of the sphere when I make them come close. I thought this movement resemble behaviour of paper sphere. So, I continued the simulation. The deformation is simply multiplied as number of cities increasing.Finally, the 20 routes was more complex form than the 1 route when it were simulated.

TWO CITIES DEFORMATION PROCESS

THREE CITIES DEFORMATION PROCESS

TWENTY CITIES DEFORMATION PROCESS

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RESULT OF SIMULATION OF PAPER SPHERE Firstly when I looked at result of simulation of paper sphere,I thought there is no rule. However, if I looked at carefully, the holes are apparently heading to London.

Moreover, all original flight route is inside of sphere. The part of sphere with no cities still keep sphere shape.

London

London

TOP

TOP

FRONT

London

RIGHT

GEODESIC

BACK

DOME

LEFT

BOTTOM

RIGHT

GEODESIC

DOME

LEFT

BOTTOM

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RESULT OF 3D PRINTING Result of 3D printing enable us to touch result of computational paper stimulation.

This can be work as physical graph. However, this object lost materiality of paper and less show dynamics of simulation...

Technique : 3D printer at Metropolitan Works Material : A plaster based material bonded with glue Size : Approx. 10cm*10cm

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REST

SPACE

GLOBE

The subsaturated volume from origan godesic dome show rest space as power of deformation.The volumes how the power of gap between traveltime and ground distance.

-

=

Technique : Selective Laser Sintering at Metropolitan Works Material : A polyamide powder Size : 10cm*10cm 1 SPHERE - 13

COLORED

SIMULATION

OF

PAPER

SPHERE

I coloured deformation process of the sphere to show dynamics of simulation. Each coloured mesh face show embodied tension. Those stills describe creasing process.

Faces are gradually coloured.

The gap of area Expand

Under 10%

Shrink

0%

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1 SPHERE - 15

COLORE

3D

PRINTING

I used 3D colour printer to show dynamics of simulation. Each coloured mesh face show embodied tension. The gradation of surface shows deformation process. We can feel dynamic on it. Colore makes objects more powerful.

Technique : 3D colour printer at Metropolitan Works Material : A polyamide powder and CYMK Ink Size : Approx. 10cm*10cm 1 SPHERE - 16

FLIGHT

BASED

GLOBE

I success the simulation of paper sphere, however, the 3D printing model lost materiality of paper and its behaviour and also not clear relation between flight route and deformed geometry. So, I looked back into the flight routes again and try to make geometry of sphere from those. I aimed to establish relation between data and material, so this is first attempt to mix virtual simulation with real materiality. The idea of this model is from UV dome which represented by vertical lines on sphere.

1.Plot international route

3.Cut surface in the middle of international routes

2.Extrude international route

5.Add Tension based on data

4.Repeat 1-3 action

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Technique : Laser cutter at Metropolitan Works Material : Card board and red string Size : Approx. L20cm * W3cm * H5cm

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MANUFACTURING

OF

FLIGHT

BASED

SPHERE

I used a card board for manufacturing this sphere,however, the card board seems not suite for this model. It would be good if this fabricated of like steel, more elastic material. Moreover, the cut line probably should be drawn another way because all projected curve can not assembled together owing to shortage of space to stick caused by distortion of the cut line.

4 4’ 1

1’

0

Technique : Laser cutter at Metropolitan Works Material : Card board Size : Approx. L60cm * W60cm * H50cm

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INDORMATION OF DEFIRMATION

RESULT OF SIMULATION

PA P

ER

SP

HE

RE

PART OF FINAL SPHERE

PH Y

SI CA L

SI MU LA T

IO N

OF

CR

UM P

LE

D

LARGE SHELL PAPER SPHERE

ORIGINAL SPHERE

CRAFT

MANUFACTURE

VIRTUAL

COMBINATION

MOLD FOR LARGE SHELL PAPER SPHERE

OF

CRAFT

AND

DIGITAL

TECHNOLOGY

The physical simulation on Grasshopper provide me information about deformation of whole sphere. Then, we can choose part of the deformed sphere to make large sphere.

The machines, laser cutter and CNC router in Metropolitan Works, enable us to create the model in large scale.

1 SPHERE - 20

PAPER

SPHERE

DEFORMED

BY

DATA

OF

SIMULATION

Laser cutting pieces are embodied deformation. Physical simulation divide large force from the gap between travel time and ground distance, into small forces. This enable us to apply result of simulation to actual material.

Technique : Laser cutting Material : Japanese paper, thread and MDF Size : Approx. 120cm*60cm

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RESULT

OF

SPHERE

PROJECT

The achievement of this project suggest us new materiality. The object deformed is made of paper but parameter of this deformation is based on statistics from air transportation. There is spatial relationship between paper and our global situation. This could mean that the space can change in relation to the another object thorough digital technique.

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