SPHERE PROJECT GLOBAL
DATA
MATERIALIZATION
Development of digital technology and fabrication could enable us to show the data within physical material. Global situation and referential process between physical and digital model suggest which material I choose intuitively. 1 SPHERE - 1
32
36
16
1 24
11
23 18 3
Travel time
0
6
30
40 Houston – Intercontinental
10
35
7 37
14 29 22 26 33
12
10h
0
Travel Time Ground Distance
12,000km
8,000km
15
19
28
34
21
541,632
20h
20
38 5
4,000km
0
13
39
Passengers
30h
16,000km
ROUTES
31
Ground distance
2,517,896
FLIGHT
Developing air transportation system makes us feel the world smaller than ever. The cities connected by the transportation attract each other. People move around the world by power of this attraction. I referred statistics about travel time, distance and passenger handling in Heathrow. In 2010, Heathrow was the busiest airport in Europe in terms of total passenger traffic, with 13.2% more passengers than ParisCharles de Gaulle Airport and 24.3% more than Frankfurt Airport. By July 2011, Heathrow was the third busiest airport in the world, after Atlanta and Beijing, and overtaking Chicago O’Hare. From the same period in 2010, it had passenger numbers had increased by 7%.
9 17
New York City – JFK
BUSIEST
4
40
27
INTERNATIONAL
25
8
1
40
5h = 1,740km
2 Rank
Airport
Passengers
Travel Time
Distance(km)
1
New York City – JFK
2,517,896
7h
2min
5573
2
Dubai
1,787,561
6h 55min
5477
3
Dublin
1,493,613
1h
464
4
Hong Kong
1,386,779
11h 52min
9626
5
Amsterdam
1,333,124
0h 55min
358
6
Paris – CDG
1,299,701
0h 53min
338
7
Frankfurt am Main
1,266,240
1h
639
8
Los Angeles
1,189,309
11h 31min
8952
9
Chicago – O’Hare
1,138,012
8h 44min
6378
10
Madrid
1,093,538
2h
7min
1263
11
Newark
1,091,818
7h
6min
5592
12
Rome – Fiumicino
1,032,872
2h 6 min
1432
13
Singapore
1,022,220
13h 20min
10848
14
Munich
975,465
1h 45min
918
15
Mumbai
957,439
8h 59min
7197
16
Toronto – Pearson
940,448
7h 14min
5739
17
Washington – Dulles
920,514
7h 28min
5934
18
Stockholm – Arlanda
912,362
2h
7min
1444
19
Istanbul – Atatürk
905,002
3h 22min
2497
20
Delhi
893,196
8h 24min
6721
21
Johannesburg
886,146
11h 10min
9039
22
Zurich
876,385
1h 32min
779
23
Copenhagen
870,072
1h 48min
958
24
Boston
866,719
6h 41min
5277
25
San Francisco
860,617
10h 42min
8636
26
Geneva
859,143
1h 30min
748
27
Miami
822,315
8h 54min
7137
28
Athens
784,308
3h 15min
2396
29
Vienna
731,100
1h 52min
1238
30
Lisbon
727,335
2h 17min
1587
31
Sydney
696,301
20h 38min
16974
32
Tokyo – Narita
683,186
11h 50min
9594
33
Milan – Linate
647,636
1h 49min
961
34
Doha
640,528
6h 37min
5218
35
Barcelona
605,989
1h 45min
1139
36
Bangkok – Suvarnabhumi
597,826
11h 48min
9561
37
Berlin – Tegel
596,543
1h 45min
926
38
Oslo
592,477
1h 45min
1156
39
Helsinki
578,543
2h 34min
1826
40
Houston – Intercontinental
541,632
9h 41min
7817
5min
4min
1 SPHERE - 2
AZIMUTHAL
EQUIDISTANT
PROJECTION
Azimuthal equidistant projection map precisely show distances between London located centre, and other cities. Therefore, the edge of map is circle so that this is appropriate to see how our world is shirked in global scale by the air transportation.
32
31
8
40
27
4
9
36 13
1 24
23 18 20 0
15 19 12
28
21
1 SPHERE - 3
SPACE/TIME*PASSENGER
PROJECTION
MAP
As the first attempt, I deformed map based on the statistics. The speed of air plane in longer routes are faster than shorter ones. The density of the route is not homogeneity in the world. Those two effect cause complexity of deformation of the map.
31
31’
1 SPHERE - 4
CHOICE
OF
MATERIAL
:
FOLDING
PAPER
Paper is suitable to show geometry change because it has appropriate hardness of material and easy to work. I tested fold the part of world map to make closer several cities. Then, these are valleys appeared, which show the gap between travel time and ground distance.
London
Madrid
Vienna
1 SPHERE - 5
PAPER
SPHERE
AND
ITS
3D
SCANNING
Because I could not see complexity in the part of the paper map, I picked up 3 routes from the map based on time-space*population and then bind physical sphere to see what will be happens on the sphere. I used Japanese traditional paper for this model because Japanese paper is stronger the others but still flexible owing to longer fibre. Then, I scanned it by 3D scanner. Interestingly, the deep valleys could not be cached up and turn into hales even though strings were got. This result gave the idea of digitalization of paper sphere to further development.
MISSING
21
21
2
2
0
0 31
31
Japanese paper model
3D scanned paper model
1 SPHERE - 6
MESH
FACES
ON
3D
SCANNING
MODEL
We can see many triangulated mesh faces on 3D scanning model. I thought this is important point of simulate movement of paper sphere. I start looking at sphere mesh geometries with considering result of 3D scanning. Then, I decide use Geodesic geometry because it is the most triangulated sphere that can be suitable for simulation movement. After deciding geometry of sphere,I tested hinge of Geodesic dome while simulating paper sphere on Grasshopper.
1 SPHERE - 7
HINGE
TEST
MODELS
Then, I decide use Geodesic geometry because it is the most triangulated sphere. After deciding geometry of sphere,I tested hinge of Geodesic dome while simulating paper sphere on Grasshopper.
1 SPHERE - 8
HINGE
TESTING
Different material on hinge lead to different physical property of deformation. Rubber hinge can easy to deform but power can not distribute whole shape. Meanwhile, plastic band hinge is difficult to deform but can distribute power. As result,the shape has plastic hinge more undulate than rubber one. I realize stiffness of hinge is important factor to simulate materiality on computer. More stiff hinge become more like board material, less stiff one become more like cloth material.Paper has material property in between those two.
RUBBER HINGE - Move smooth but force do not deliver each face.
STIFF HINGE - Move difficult but force is easy to deliver each face.
1 SPHERE - 9
ANIMATION
OF
HOW
TO
CREASE
The surface between two cities protruded and cities go the inside of original geometry of the sphere when I make them come close. I thought this movement resemble behaviour of paper sphere. So, I continued the simulation. The deformation is simply multiplied as number of cities increasing.Finally, the 20 routes was more complex form than the 1 route when it were simulated.
TWO CITIES DEFORMATION PROCESS
THREE CITIES DEFORMATION PROCESS
TWENTY CITIES DEFORMATION PROCESS
1 SPHERE - 10
RESULT OF SIMULATION OF PAPER SPHERE Firstly when I looked at result of simulation of paper sphere,I thought there is no rule. However, if I looked at carefully, the holes are apparently heading to London. Moreover, all original flight route is inside of sphere. The part of sphere with no cities still keep sphere shape.
London
London
TOP
TOP
FRONT
London
RIGHT
GEODESIC
BACK
DOME
LEFT
BOTTOM
RIGHT
GEODESIC
DOME
LEFT
BOTTOM
1 SPHERE - 11
RESULT OF 3D PRINTING Result of 3D printing enable us to touch result of computational paper stimulation. This can be work as physical graph. However, this object lost materiality of paper and less show dynamics of simulation...
Technique : 3D printer at Metropolitan Works Material : A plaster based material bonded with glue Size : Approx. 10cm*10cm
1 SPHERE - 12
REST
SPACE
GLOBE
The subsaturated volume from origan godesic dome show rest space as power of deformation.The volumes how the power of gap between traveltime and ground distance.
-
=
Technique : Selective Laser Sintering at Metropolitan Works Material : A polyamide powder Size : 10cm*10cm 1 SPHERE - 13
COLORED
SIMULATION
OF
PAPER
SPHERE
I coloured deformation process of the sphere to show dynamics of simulation. Each coloured mesh face show embodied tension. Those stills describe creasing process. Faces are gradually coloured.
The gap of area Expand
Under 10%
Shrink
0%
1 SPHERE - 14
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1 SPHERE - 15
COLORE
3D
PRINTING
I used 3D colour printer to show dynamics of simulation. Each coloured mesh face show embodied tension. The gradation of surface shows deformation process. We can feel dynamic on it. Colore makes objects more powerful.
Technique : 3D colour printer at Metropolitan Works Material : A polyamide powder and CYMK Ink Size : Approx. 10cm*10cm 1 SPHERE - 16
FLIGHT
BASED
GLOBE
I success the simulation of paper sphere, however, the 3D printing model lost materiality of paper and its behaviour and also not clear relation between flight route and deformed geometry. So, I looked back into the flight routes again and try to make geometry of sphere from those. I aimed to establish relation between data and material, so this is first attempt to mix virtual simulation with real materiality. The idea of this model is from UV dome which represented by vertical lines on sphere.
1.Plot international route
3.Cut surface in the middle of international routes
2.Extrude international route
5.Add Tension based on data
4.Repeat 1-3 action
1 SPHERE - 17
Technique : Laser cutter at Metropolitan Works Material : Card board and red string Size : Approx. L20cm * W3cm * H5cm
1 SPHERE - 18
MANUFACTURING
OF
FLIGHT
BASED
SPHERE
I used a card board for manufacturing this sphere,however, the card board seems not suite for this model. It would be good if this fabricated of like steel, more elastic material. Moreover, the cut line probably should be drawn another way because all projected curve can not assembled together owing to shortage of space to stick caused by distortion of the cut line.
4 4’ 1
1’
0
Technique : Laser cutter at Metropolitan Works Material : Card board Size : Approx. L60cm * W60cm * H50cm
1 SPHERE - 19
INDORMATION OF DEFIRMATION
RESULT OF SIMULATION
PA P
ER
SP
HE
RE
PART OF FINAL SPHERE
PH Y
SI CA L
SI MU LA T
IO N
OF
CR
UM P
LE
D
LARGE SHELL PAPER SPHERE
ORIGINAL SPHERE
CRAFT
MANUFACTURE
VIRTUAL
COMBINATION
MOLD FOR LARGE SHELL PAPER SPHERE
OF
CRAFT
AND
DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGY
The physical simulation on Grasshopper provide me information about deformation of whole sphere. Then, we can choose part of the deformed sphere to make large sphere. The machines, laser cutter and CNC router in Metropolitan Works, enable us to create the model in large scale.
1 SPHERE - 20
PAPER
SPHERE
DEFORMED
BY
DATA
OF
SIMULATION
Laser cutting pieces are embodied deformation. Physical simulation divide large force from the gap between travel time and ground distance, into small forces. This enable us to apply result of simulation to actual material.
Technique : Laser cutting Material : Japanese paper, thread and MDF Size : Approx. 120cm*60cm
1 SPHERE - 21
1 SPHERE - 22
RESULT
OF
SPHERE
PROJECT
The achievement of this project suggest us new materiality. The object deformed is made of paper but parameter of this deformation is based on statistics from air transportation. There is spatial relationship between paper and our global situation. This could mean that the space can change in relation to the another object thorough digital technique.
1 SPHERE - 23