vertical circulation in high rise buildings study

Core design and code requirements marwan hamed

TABLE OF CONTENTS • CODE REQUIREMENTS • VERTICAL CIRCULATION REQUIREMENTS • DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS • REFERENCES

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INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC)

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means of egress Building classification : R2 Occupant load 200 gross (18.58 m2)

Number of exits For one exit floors the number of units cannot exceed 4 units For occupant load 1-500 2 exits are required ( the rest of the tower )

Egress travel distance Maximum common path of egress travel distance = 38.1m Stairs sizing 7.6 mm per occupant No. of user = area/occupant load First 7 floors 1700 m2 1700/18.58=91 per floor 91x7.6mm=691mm per floor 7-14 floors 1000 m2 1000/18.58=53 users 53x7.6mm=402mm per floor 14-23 floors 580 m2 580/15.58=31 users 31x7.6mm=235.6mm per floor

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Vertical circulation Min. Stairs 1200 mm Head min. 2.14 m Entrance ramp Handicapped ramp max. Slope 1:20 Max. Length 9m Width 1800mm Elevators Recommended elevator size 1800mmx1800mm Recommended door size for residential 1000 mm Recommended elevator capacity 1150 kg Recommended elevator type : gearless traction elevator Source 1 ( phoenix modular elevators ) One elevator for each 90 units One big elevator for occasional furniture transfer Maximum horizontal distance between elevators 45m

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Elevator requirement handling capacity HC = (300/T)P where HC = handling capacity of car, persons in 5 min or 300 s P = car capacity, persons T = round-trip time of car, s The minimum number of elevators required N= V/HC = Vi /300P V= peak traffic , persons in 5 min Used values Evening is the peak in residential building Take 5% to 8% peak traffic of the buildings occupants interval 50 to 70 s to calculate T T2 estimated travel time = 2*H/V H:travel height (m) V: rated speed (m/s) T2 estimated waste time=(A+1)*V/y A probable stoppage of the car V rated speed (m/s) y acceleration/decceleration (M/s^2)

T3 estimated door time = K*(A+1) K (s) opening and closing time of door Ap probable stoppage of car T4 estimated passenger time = K2*P*CLF K2 (s) transfer time in and out P (persons) car rated load factor (assume 0.8)

Source (building design and construction handbook)

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Design considerations

sequential zoning separating the building into zones and providing elevators dedicated for each zone is a more efficient elevators layout

elevator lobby spacing

the architectural experience Special elevators like panoramic elevators can be utilized to provide a better architectural experience through the building 9

REFERENCES

“Elevators Per Building - Get My Personal Cheat Sheet to Help You Plan.” Phoenix Modular Elevator, www.phoenixmodularelevator.com/elevators-per-building/.

International Building Code. International Code Council, Inc., 2018.

Merritt, Frederick S. Building Design and Construction Handbook. Knovel, 2002.

Sorour, Habib. “Planning for Vertical Transportation.” 22 Sept. 2014.

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