Qingdao, Shandong - J. Li, Y. Zhao, X. Pei

Introduction & Location Diagram

Qingdao, Shandong

Qingdao, also spelled Tsingtao, is a city in eastern Shandong Province on the east coast of China. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea, it borders Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. It is the largest city in Shandong Province.

The downtown area is located in Shinan District. In the city, there are 2 main railway stations and an international airport in the city. And there are eight main attractions in the city, you can get more information about the location from the map.

Shíjiāzhuāng

Zhèngzhōu

Climate zone diagram

Qingdao Climate

Qingdao has a temperate, four-season, monsoon-influenced climate that lies in the transition between the humid subtropical (Koppen Cwa) and humid continental (Koppen Dwa) regimes, but favouring the former.

Shāndōng Jiāngsū

Qingdao

Ānhuī

The Huanghai Sea

Zhèjiāng

Shànghǎi

Winter is cool to cold and windy, but generally dry. With a January average of -0.5 Summer is generally hot and humid, but very hot days are rare. With an August average of 25.3

Cold semi-arid climate (Bsk)

Humid subtropical climate (Cwa)

Warm oceanic climate / Humid subtropical climate (Cfa)

Cwa Dwa

Temperature / Precipitation Data1

Qingdao has a temperate, four-season, monsoon-influenced climate. Winter is cool to cold and windy, but generally dry, with a January average of −0.5 °C (31.1 °F). Summer is generally hot and humid, but very hot days are rare, with an August average of 25.3 °C (77.5 °F).

Average annual rainfall: 662.1mm. The annual peak is in Augest with an average of 151.1mm/year.

Humidity data

2

This is the chart of the mean monthly relative humidity over the year in Qingdao, China.

From the chart, it is clear that:

On average, July is the most humid month.

On average, April is the least humid month.

Relative humidity

Average relative humidity in Qingdao, China

Humidity

1.Data Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao

2.Data Source: https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Humidity-perc,qingdao,China

The average annual wind speed is 9kts(knots per hour) in Qingdao. Qingdao has a characteristics of the sea-land breeze because it is circled by ocean.

These wind rose maps show the wind direction distribution of year and each months of Qingdao.

From these maps, it’s clear that thei wind direction is mainly south-southeast (Apr-Aug) and north-northwest (Jan-Mar, Sep-Dec)

The main plants hardiness zone of Qingdao is ZONE 8B, ranging from -9.4°C to -6.7°C.

ZONE 8B

However,other area around Qingdao mainly belong to a ZONE 8A(-12.2°C to -9.4°C),which means the plants in Qingdao have a worse ability to resist cold compared with the area around.

“Naidong”__

a kind of Camellia, the city flower of Qingdao.The meaning of its name is “resistant to winter “.As the name indicates,this specice is cold-resistant ,and it’s drought-enduring,inscet resistant.It can absorbe SO2 in the atmosphere.

From the diagram we can conclude a tendency that the more the city away from the sea,the better hardiness the plants have when it comes to the area in the same latitude. -20.6°C

(Machilus thunbergii Sieb et Zucc)

Features: evergreen dungarunga or shurb

Hardiness: strong hardiness

(Osmanthus heteroPhyllus)

Features: evergreen dungarunga or shurb,1-8m

Hardiness: strong hardiness.

(Ilex Cornuts Lindl)

Features: evergreen dungarunga or shurb,3m+.

Hardiness: strong hardiness.

佛竹

(Babusa Ventricosa Mcclure)

Features: bambusa

Hardiness: -15°C, evergreen

(Machilus thunbergii Sieb et Zucc)

Features: arbor,10m+.

Hardiness: -15°C, resisit wind, saline and alkaline.

(Pittosporum tobira Ait)

Features: small dungarunga or shurb,2m+.

Hardiness: insulate sound,prevent dust,strong hardiness.

(Buxus sempervirens Linn)

Features: evergreen dungarunga or shurb.

Hardiness: strong hardiness,ditributed through China. (Yucca gloriosa L)

Features: evergreen shurb,2-3m.

Hardiness: -10°C.

Typical plants in Qingdao

(Hedera nePalens is K.Koch var SinensisTobl)

Features: evergreen vein,10m+.

Hardiness: strong hardiness. (Camellia japonica li)

Features: evergreen dungarunga.

Hardiness: high adaptability,strong hardiness.

Data Source: http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ http://www.nhpe.org/cvh/ http://pe.ibcas.ac.cn/ http://www.kun.ac.cn/ http://www.cvh.org.cn/

(Distyliu racemosum Sib etZUcc)

Features: short evergreen shurb.

Hardiness: resist SO2,NO2,strong hardiness.

(Rhaphiolepis umb ellataMakino)

Features: short evergreen shurb.

Hardiness: strong hardiness,high adaptability.

City: Qingdao

Time: 17:00, Sept.23,2016

Dry Bulb temperature: 22°C

Relative Humidity: 60% from the data aboved we can arriive at: Wet Bulb temperature: 26°C Dew point: 8g/kg

Psychrometric Chart in Qingdao (Weifang)

The comfortable zone is indicated by the blue lines in the diagram.

The red dots are indicating the temperature and humidity of Weifang, a city close to Qingdao.

According to the diagram, the time that the human being will be comfortable without any influences from another agent is around 458 hours a year. It means in Weifang, there is 5.2% comfortable hours using selected strategies (458 out of 8760 hrs)

Surrounding Area

Feed/Drain water lines map

- Water pollution condition of D&I

This is the feed/drain water line map of D&I and surrounding area. This map shows that how feed water and rain water come and go in this area.

Feed Water

· Feed water well

· Fire hydrant

· Feed water line

· Toilet

Drain Water

· Drain water well

· Rain well

· Drain water line

· Rain water line

YinChuanXi Road

AnimationindustrialparkA AnimationindustrialparkB

AnimationindustrialparkC

Localisation diagram

The building we choose is a three-storey villa in a residence community called “RuiNaZiYu“(which is middle-to-high class).This residence community is located in the ShiNan District in Qingdao.It is in the west of YinChuanXi road ,which cuts through ShiNan District and Shibei District.

Location Building Building Building Main Road Minor Road

Greenbelt

RuiNaZiYu

TianShanHuaTing YouShanMeiDi

Wind Speed/Direction Diagram

The average annual wind speed is 9kts(knots per hour) in Qingdao. Qingdao has a characteristics of the sea-land breeze because it is circled by ocean.

Average

These wind rose maps show the wind direction distribution of year and each months of Qingdao.

From these maps, it’s clear that thei wind direction is mainly south-southeast (Apr-Aug) and north-northwest (Jan-Mar, Sep-Dec)

Ventilation of the Building

There are many stagnant corners in the building meanly due to the unreasonable orientation.

After the adjustment of orientation, the number of good ventilation has been increased as well as the mixing points.

The original position of windows seem to be reasonable,but into order to make the ventilation better,the building can be added several windows as the diagram aboved shows.

Wind Direction Stagnant Corner

The three-storey villa is for the use of four families. The original orientation of this buidling neither make full use of sunlight nor have good ventilation throught the north to the south.

Qingdao has a relativey mild climate throughout the year,but it’s still cold in winter,so the walls in facing west should be thickened to keep warm.

If the floor area for this building is sufficient,it’s better to remove a storey and make every storey has more functional zones.In this way,the surfaces of the bulding facing the south will be larger,thus getting more solar gains.

Carbon Footprint Calculator

This image shows the initial calculation of Pei Xuan’s Carbon Footprint Calculator.

From this image, the lifestyle of Pei Xuan is not good enough because if everyone lived the same lifestyle as Pei Xuan, people would require the regenerative capacity of 1.2 planets ecah year, and to support Pei Xuan’s lifestyle, it takes 2.2 global hectares of the Earth’s productive area.

Two of the largest area of Pei Xuan’s footprint is Goods and Food. And because Pei Xuan is a collage student now so the area of Shelter is not large, but in the future it will be larger.

Data Source: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

eating less meat, eggs, milk and dairy, buying more local food.

Riding a bicycle to replace drive cars, and try to not fly during the travel time.

Possibilities of how to reduce my footprint

Spending less money on goods, especially on entertainment and culture.

Using as much remewable sources as possible.

From the questions of calculator, there are four main parts to make changes to reduce my footprint.

There pictures show the questions and possibilities which was choosen to be changed.

Re-Calculate Carbon Footprint

During this week, I (Pei Xuan) did some changes of lifestyle(page 2) to reduce carbon footprint.

Eating Habits: morning: a sandwiches without meat lunch: less meat + vegetable dinner: less meat + vegetable + less egg/milk Clothes: no more new clothes

Mobility: riding bicycle to replace metro and taxi

At the end of this week, I re-calculated my carbon footprint and had my new results.

From the new results, my footprint is lower than the average footprint of China, and my Ecological Footprint decrease from 2.2 global hectares to 1.4 global hectares. This is a good result but I have to say, it is not easy to be used to this lifestyle. Less meat and eggs means I become more easily to be starving, and less entertainment and culture activities let my daylife a little boring.

I try to reduce my footprint by 35% in this week Data Source: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

Slavery Footprint

This is my (Pei Xuan) result from the website test of Slavery Footprint. Although the number of slaves work for me is less than the three average on the right side of the picture, but it still a large number that in this world, I need 32 slaves to support my daily life.

I realize that clothes maybe the biggest part of work that need slaves to do, because I have a lot of clothes and it is made in different countries. So I think if I reduce the consumption of clothes, there will be a big decrease of slavery footprint.

Documentation of Clothing: Fashion Revolution

Most of my clothes are made in China.

FASHION REVOLUTION | RESOURCES WWW.FASHIONREVOLUTION.ORG

Other clothes imported are mainly made in some Southeast Asian or south Asian countries like: Vietnam/Bangladesh/Indonesia//India

Worksheet: Where are my clothes made?

Look at the ‘Made in’ label on your clothes and find out in which countries they were made.

Find the countries on this map and draw a line between them and the country in which you live.

Write your name and the item of clothing you have researched (e.g. a sweatshirt) on the line. Vietnam

Made in Vietnam

Bangladesh China,

Made in Bangladesh

Made in China

Carbon Foot Print Calculation

My (Zhao Yuanxing) grade suggests that we would require the regenerative capacity of 1.1 planets each year if everyone live like me. I have consumed too much especially in the fields of GOOD and FOOD.

Data Source: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

Re-Calculate Carbon Footprint

During this week, I (Zhao Yuanxing) did some changes of lifestyle to reduce carbon footprint.

Eating Habits: morning: a sandwiches without meat lunch: less meat + vegetable dinner: less meat + vegetable + less egg/milk

Clothes: no more new clothes

Outcome:

After one-week adjustment in my lifestyle,my ecological footprint has been reduced from 1.9 global hectares to 1.5 global hectares.It turns out that is figure is less than that of China averagely.

I try to reduce my footprint by 35% in this week

Slavery Footprint

This is my (Zhao Yuanxing) result from the website test of Slavery Footprint.

In the following week, I want to reduce my footfrint by 10% because I think this is feasible.

I want to change my lifestyle in these aspects:

1. Less meat per week

2. Buy local things instead of the imported ones

3. Less expenditure on clothing/footwear/entertainment

4. Use more renewable products

Documentation of Clothing

Most of my clothes are made in China,especially in Guangdong Province and Zhejiang Province.

Worksheet:

Where are my clothes made?

Look at the ‘Made in’ label on your clothes and find out in which countries they were made.

Find the countries on this map and draw a line between them and the country in which you live.

Write your name and the item of clothing you have researched (e.g. a sweatshirt) on the line.

Bangladesh China, Guangdong Province

Data Source: http://fashionrevolution.org

Bangladesh Vietnam China, Guangdong Province

FASHION REVOLUTION | RESOURCES WWW.FASHIONREVOLUTION.ORG

Carbon Foot Print Calculation

This image is my (Li Jiarong) carbon foot print calculation and it shows that my lifestly affects our planet.

From this image we would require the regenerative capacity of 1 planet each year if everyone live the same lifestyle like me. And to support my lifestyle, it takes 1.7 global hectares of the Earth’s productive area.

We can find that the largest areas of my footprint is the food. The goods, services and the governance come second. Because I am living in the dorm and the main communicate is my bicycle, the shelter and the mobility are very little. But the two aspects will increase in future.

Data Source: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

These images show that the aspects I tried to reduce my carbon footprint.

The largest areas of my footprint is food so we can find when I adjust the eating habits, it reduces 0.1.

In this week I tried to change my lifestyle to reduce my footprint.

Eating Habits: morning: Vegetable salad + Whole wheat bread lunch: less meat + more vegetable + less eggs dinner: less meat + vegetable + less milk Clothes: no more new clothes

Mobility: Ride my bicycle to repalce the taxi and the metro.

At the end of this week, I re-calculated my carbon footprint and had my new results.

I try to reduce my footprint by 10% in this week.

From the new results, my footprint is lower than the average of China and I succeed to reduce my ecological footprint from 1.7 global hectares to 1.5 global hectares. I changed my lifestyle to the vegetarian diet. In the beginning, I don’t adapt to the diet of more vegetable, less meat, less eggs and milk, but after a few days I feel easily in my body. So I think the health diet not only reduces the footprint, but also gives me a healthier lifestyle.

Slavery Footprint

There are 43 slaves work for me. I was shocked by this test. I never thought that there are so many people working for me and the number of 43 beyongs my imagination. And it is only for my daily life exclusive of the festival and the other important days.

From the test, I find I have many useless clothes, and the clothes have just needed more workers. So I think I should try to find a way to reuse them.

Documentation of Clothing

Most of my clothes are made in China.

Other clothes imported are mainly made in some Southeast Asian or Africa countries like: Vietnam/ the Philippines/Turkey/Morocco.

TURKEY MOROCCO

CHINA

Basic Whole Systems Map of a Nespresso Coffee Machine

The product, which our group choosen for doing lifecycle think, is coffen machine. It is a common household electrical appliance that used to make a cup of coffee for user to drink.

Our group got the detail information about Nespresso Coffee Machine C121 from the intruduction book. All information includes the material of this machine, the manufacutruing process of each main parts, the energy and power comsuption of this machine and how to recycle it in a paticular way that Nestle has designed.

The theory of the basic whole system map is Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), our group used the “cradle to grave” boundaries, including all stages of Nespresso’s lifecycle, from resource extraction to end of life.

Basic Whole Systems Map of a Coffee Machine

How a Coffee Machine Works

STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLE

COFFEE OUTLET

COFFEE

HEATER

CAPSULE COFFEE PUMP

WATER CONTAINER

The capsule coffee machine has six main parts: Water

container

Pump Heater

The bottle of capsule coffee

The coffee outlet Cup

There are four steps to make coffee by the capsule coffee machine. One step is to pump the water from the container to the heater. The second step is to heat the water to the boil and then the boiling water will come to the bottle of the capsule coffee through the pipe. And the third is to break the aluminum foil of the coffee bottle by the boiling water. At last the boiling coffee breaks the other aluminum foil and flows into the cup.

Boundaries of the Nespresso Coffee Machine System to Help Redesign

After analysing the basic whole system map, our group drew the boundaries of the Mespres so Coffee Machine system to help design.

There are six main aspects in these boundaries:

Raw material, Manufacturing, Transportation, Shopping, Energy use and Disposal.

Raw material

Manufacturing Transportation

Where do the Environmental Impacts Come From?

Depletes non-renewable resources, causes pollution, uses land.

Uses energy, causes pollution (solid waste, air pollution)

Uses energy and fuel, causes air pollution

Energy Use

Shopping Disposal

If the shop is far away, buyer needs to drive there, use energy and fuel, cause air pollution

Uses electricity and water. Impacts vary based on energy source (coal, nuclear, wind).

Land use (landfilling), may release some pollutants into the environment

Where do the

Environmental

This is the LCA Chart for Coffee Machine. This diagram shows the Okala Millipoints of Lifecycle Stage of coffee machine.

Our group collect the data and information about the material and manufacuturing of Coffee Machine from the Manual Book of Nespresso C121, which is made by Nestle. The reason why we choose this machine is it is very popular around the world, and our group have one machine in dormitory.

Impacts Come

NESPRESSO Coffee Machine

55000

44000

33000

22000

From? 0

11000 596.6 96.8 12.9

51246 1679.84

Brainstorm solutions by looking at the whole system

Our group has a brainstorming to find the possible solutions. The first solution point is the packaging of the coffee capsule. Now the packageing of capsule is cylinder-shaped, which has a waste of box space in the process of transportation. It will be better if the shape of the packaging changes to cuboid. The less space it occupied, the more capsule could be transported once a time.

Second solution is the way people buying coffee capsule can be changed. Now, people need to go to shops to buy capsule, but not every supermarket has the sapsule for sal ing. So if the distance between user’s house and capsule shop, user have to drive cars or take public transport to go to the shop. This will use energy and cause pollution. Our solution is, Nespresso set a On-Line store to sale the capsule, so that user can buy capsule online directly. In this way, the rent of store can be saved and the pollution, which caused by transport, will decrease due to that users need’t go far away to buy the capsule.

Brainstorm solutions by looking at the whole system Shopping

Data Source: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

Brainstorm solutions by looking at the whole system

The third solution is promote the structure of the Nespresso machine. From the sturcture now, there are a lot of empty space in the machine body, and it needs a pump to life the water to heater. Our solution is removing the pump, up the water container on the heater. In this solution, there neend’t a pump, and just need less material to make the machine.

OBSERVE STRATEGY

Find something cool.Use your deep observatio skills and see if you can discern the strategy employed in this system. -Function Being Met?

Kangaroo is really good at jumping but it doesn’y hurt its knees or legs.

Andy: Is this because of the distribution of gravity is gathered in the lower body part which contributes to stability, so it can jump steadily and quickly ?

JiaRong: Does kangaroo get this unbalanced figure (small head vs heavy body/long legs vs short arms)owing to the natural selection for jusmping?

Fairy: I wonder which part contributes mostly to suffering the pressure to the legs.

Your Thoughts? Team Thoughts

There should be something(some body contruction) accounting for the motion mode of kangaroo.

Biological Prototype

The Biological Role Of Collagenous Tendons

Life’s Principles

STRATEGY

Artificial Limb

PRINCIPLES

The Biological Role Of Collagenous Tendons: They usually run between the ends of a muscle and its attachments to bones, so the force (and shortening) of the muscle is transmitted to the bones. Work is stored in a running person or hopping kangaroo about 40-50 percent of the work done on a leg in landing is recovered as it pushes off again (Alexander 1983). The leg tendons do most of that storage despite their low mass relative to bones, muscles, or the animal as a whole.” (Vogel 2003: 345)

Deeper Research Conclusive Strategy

Use a little structure---Collagenous Tendons to absorbe most of the strength.

Design Principle/Strategy?

Use a small soft/elastic part to bare the pressure.

Life’s Principles

1.Evolve to survive 2.Be resource efficient 3.Be locally attuned and responsive

Who would care about /apply this strategy?

Industrial designer.(running shoes design/artificial limb)

http://www.shanshui.org/ 「山水自然保护中心」 http://www.china-mangrove.org/ 「中国红树林保育联盟」

· Biodiversity Conservation Organizations registered with the ministry of civil affairs.

· Set up in Beijing in 2007 by Pro.LvZhi at Peking University, college of life science.

· A Chinese folk environmental protection organization.

· Projects are mainly in western China, demonstrating man and nature in harmony instance.

http://www.fon.org.cn/ 「自然之友」

· China Mangrove Conservation Network, ( CMCN in short) was set up in 2001.

· Devoted in associating the government /entrepreneurs/ the folk strength to protect China coastal wetland ecosystem, especially mangrove ecosystem.

· Friends Of Nature set up in 1994.3.31, China’s earliest national folk environmental protection organization.

· More than 20000 member in 20 years

· Three offices in Beijing, 22 member groups around China, and depends on the specific business to promote the establishment of a number of interagency operations platform.

http://www.jgi-shanghai.org/ 「上海根与芽」 http://www.lens-china.org/ 「中国可持续设计学习网站」 http://nu.org.cn/ 「自然大学」

· Shanghai Roots & Shoots set up in 1999.

· 2004.11 Officially registered for · · Shanghai’s administration of social organizations approved the first domestic public welfare overseas people-run non-enterprise units.

· LeNS (The Learning Network on Sustainability)---a sustainable design learning network sponsored by many European and Asian international universities.

· Promote the different countries, regional cooperation and exchanges in the field of sustainable design education, and provide related learning resources on a global scale free download.

Projects:

· Established by Beijing global village environmental education center/ Friends of na ture/Green homeland volunteers/ Lanzhou green camel...Several NGOs, and is helped by the China association with science and technology support.

http://www.ipe.org.cn/default.aspx 「公众环境研究中心」 http://see.org.cn/ 「阿拉善SEE生态协会」 http://www.iscchina.org/ 「isc可持续发展社会协会」

· Public environmental research center (IPE) is a registered non-profit environmental agencies in Beijing.

· From 2006.5, it hair and run the China water pollution and air pollution in China map two databases, promoting the environmental information disclosure and public participation, as well as the improvement of the environmental governance mecha nism.

· La shan SEE ecology association iwas set up in 2004.6.5.

· It is funded by China hundreds of well-known entrepreneurs environmental protection organization.

· This Association is a membership of nongovernmental organizations (ngos), as well as public environmental protection agency, adherencing to the non-profit principles.

· The sustainable development of community association (ISC) was founded in 1991, the international well-known environmental protection public welfare institutions.

· It has 25 years experience in the low carbon environmental protection, sustainable development and community construction.

· More than 103 projects in 30 countries around the world.

· Tsinghua university building energy research center devotes in formulating relevant policies, and guarantee mechanism of policy implementation, measures, and the development of tools.

2016 MA Sustainable Design course is a meaningful and valuable course. From this course, Our group has an awareness of the reality, urgency and severity of the sustainability issues nowadays. The course also tought us theory and knowledge of doing a more sustainable design.

2016 MA Sustainable Design course also help us to build a solid consciousness and foster critical thinking, which is of vital significance to our professional design life. In our group, Xuan Pei and Jiarong Li are industrial designer, this kind of critical thinking can help them to analyse problems deeper and work out a more eco-friendly and sustainable solution. Yuanxing Zhao is an environmental designer, and the critical thinking will help her to understand eco-friendly and sustainable desciplines better.

Thanks to our course tutor Mary Polites and Xiaocun Zhu, they gave us much helpful advice to our learning and assignment. And thanks to all friends who had helped us during the study period.

Xuan Pei

Yuanxing Zhao Jiarong Li