B. Lehman Environmental Portfolio

ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO

SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS I SPRING 2022 BLAIR LEHMAN

INSTRUCTOR: MARY POLITES

SECTION 01 - INTRODUCTIONS 5-7

> Bio 5

> My Ecological & Carbon Footprint 6

SECTION 02 - COTE DATA 8-31

> COTE Sheets 8

> Summary 25

SECTION 03 - ASSIGNMENTS 32-67

> Site Data 32

> My Design Strategy 40

> Precedent Study 44

> Sun Shading Strategy 48

> Design Strategies 50

> RS Means & Data 54

> Heat Mapping 56

> Tally 58

> EC3 62

SECTION 04 - WORKS CITED 68-69

> Works Cited 68

LOCATION: York, PA

HOMETOWN: Carlisle, PA

EDUCATION: Bachelor of Interior Architecture (2018)

EXPERIENCE: Architectural Designer (3 years)

ABOUT ME:

I graduated from Big Spring High School in Newville, Pennsylvania in 2014. I went to Marywood University for Interior Architecture and graduated in Spring 2018.

I have been working at an Architectural Design firm in York, Pennsylvania for 3 years as a Junior Project Manager. I work on a vast array of projects from private schools, warehouses, retail shell buildings, and tenant fit outs.

I started studying at Boston Architectural College in Fall 2021 for my Master’s degree in Architecture degree. I plan to graduate in Spring 2023.

I grew up on a working dairy farm with my parents and 2 sisters in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

I strive to be sustainable by gardening, recycling, and investing in as much reusable products as possible.

According to my Carbon Footprint Calculator, I use approximately 9% less CO2 emissions than the average US citizen. My current total is 18,099, and the after my planned actions, I will reduce my Carbon Footprint by 6% to 17,095.

MY OPINION

One thing to consider that is not taken into account with this calculator is how cold the current season is. It has been below 10 degrees farenheit majority of the previous month, so the bills used to calucate my footprint are very high compared to my monthly average.

Another item that is not taken into account is the switch to a work-from-home lifestyle most americans are now living. Instead of sharing one building for all utilities at a central office, many Americans now are each individually operating their homes all day every day to accomodate working from home.

MY ACTIONS

I am very good about being sustainably aware living my day-to-day life. A few actions this calculator helped make me aware of is washing my clothes in cold water, I know I can take shorter & less hot showers, can buy a newer model of an energy effecient vehicle, and can work on carpooling to meetings.

If 100 of my friends took the same actions I strive to take to acheive better sustainability, over 5 years their households would avoid 502,187 pounds of emissions, equivalent to the emissions from burning 25,621 gallons of gasoline. (21)

Compared to other countries, U.S.

has lowest

average sustainability The next lowest country is Germany, needing 3.2 earths to be fully sustainable. 1.8 full additional Earths per the U.S. citizens are using!

MY ACTIONS

I need to work on making my house more sustainable. For living by myself, I have a rather large 3-bedroom townhome, but am planning for the future. I also have very inefficient windows that need to be replaced in my house.

Basic Project Information

Project Name Gym/pool area Project Address 6300 Pasadena Point Blvd S apt., suite, etc. City Gulfport State FL Zip Code 33707

ASHRAE Climate Zone 1A (Link) Other Climate Zone (?):

Total Building Area (?) 6,500Gross sf Site Area(?) 15,601sf Regularly occupied space (?) 5,500sf Avg daily occupancy (?) 200People Peak occupancy (?) 60People FTEs(?) 5People

Project completion year 2023 Annual days of operation (?) 360Days Avg. daily hours of operation (?) 18hours Total Construction Cost (?) 1,500,000USD FAR 0.42 Cost/sf 230.77 $ sf/occupant - Avg. 33 sf/occupant - Peak 108 Annual hours of operation 6,480

Building Program

Program Breakdown (?) % of Building Area

Building Program #1Food - Restaurant 25% Building Program #2Recreation (Visitor Center) 25% Building Program #3Services - General 25% Building Program #4Bar / night club 25% Building Program #5 Building Program #6 Building Program #7 Building Program #8

Total must equal 100% 100%

Additional Building Information

Previously Developed SiteNo Is the firm an AIA 2030 SignatoryNo

Reported in the AIA DDxNo

Third party rating system 1None

Third party rating system 2None

Third party rating system 3None If other, specify

INTEGRATION

IMAGE: COTE SPREADSHEET

This is the COTE spreadsheet listing my main ideas on the integration page for my design project.

COMMUNITY

MY ANALYSIS

I have evualated my Walk Score & Transportation Carbon Calculator as if it is a building accessed by only occupants within the community on the site we are designing. Essentially, occupants coming to this building complex only gain access if they have permission to.

POTENTIAL BUILDING’S USE

> There is the potential occupants from neighboring communities may visit the complex, but only if they travel on foot or by bike.

IMAGE: COTE SPREADSHEET

Walk/Transit/Bike Score, Community Engagement, & Simple Transportation Carbon Calcuator

ECOLOGY

POOL/FITNESS FACILITY

ECOLOGY UNDERSTANDING

There is much opportunity for ecology on my site as I am in the beginning stages of design. The understanding of ecological impact allows for me to alter my design and cater to adapting as much as I can to benefit the ecological impact in my design.

CONSTRAINTS

The constraints I have in my design is the fact that this site is currently undeveloped, so any development I design will impact the ecological systems that currently exists on the site.

OPPORTUNITIES

Opportunities I am creating are that I am bringing in native plants to the site to help prevent sea level rise & my goal is to design a building that impacts the site at the minimum extent as shown in the design precedent I highlighted previously.

IMAGE: COTE SPREADSHEET

3 - Stormwater Managed On-site

Type of Storm Event 2yr-24hr

Storm Event 4.6 in Storm Event 0.38 ft Stormwater Storage 0 cf

Surface Runoff Co. Area (sf) Stormwater (cf) Total Runoff (cf) Roof 0.9 3,125 1,198 1,078 Impervious 0.9 3,680 1,411 1,270 Turf 0.2 500 192 38 Native Plantings 0.05 7,500 2,875 144 Semi-Pervious 0.5 796 305 153 Sub Total 15,601 5,980 2,682 After Storage 2,682

Percentage of Stormwater Managed On-site55.1%

4 - Water Runoff Quality

MY DESIGN (SITE)

As of now, my plan for designing for water is to keep native plants as they exist within the site of my project & keep the landscape as natural as possible to not impact water runoff. I will be designing my building around the current natural landscape of the water, especially since my site is on the water.

MY DESIGN (BUILDING)

I plan on having a green roof on my building to collect rain water and grow plants for additional vegetation. This water would then cycle through and be utilized as grey water within the building for the restroom facilities and any irrigation needs.

MEASURED RAINFALL

I was not able to find a precedent within the COTE top 10 site from past winners that was designed in a similar climate zone, or with a similar program, so I reduced the potable water by 20% and kept the rainfall amount the same as predicted.

Operating and maintenance cost reduction strategies:

From utility savings $37,440.00/ year Major StrategyRenewable energy sources

From cleaning $104,000.00/ year Major StrategyInstalling the most efficient utility building systems for buildings and grounds Durability investments $130,000.00/ year Major StrategyNo adminstration required, security system installed to regulate. Other $16,000.00/ year Major StrategyPlant local plants to minize the maintenance and watering. Other / year Major Strategy Utilize the multi-use features of the building. Total $287,440.00 / year

SUMMARY- ECONOMY

My strategy to design for economy is to design and implement sustainable systems within my building & it’s surrounding elements. The basis of design is to install the most efficient systems to allow for both cost savings & environmental benefits. I am proposing to install security systems and technology to eliminate the need for administrative

staff to save on costs. I plan to design the landscape utilizing regional vegetation so the need to water is minimal. Finally, I plan to utilize the multi-use factor of the building to it’s advantage so it is used throughout the entire day.

January 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 60,000.0 - - - 27,000.0 February 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 58,000.0 - - - 26,000.0 March 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 58,000.0 - - - 26,000.0 April 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 58,000.0 - - - 26,000.0 May 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 56,000.0 - - - 25,000.0 June 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 56,000.0 - - - 25,000.0 July 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 56,000.0 - - - 25,000.0 August 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 56,000.0 - - - 25,000.0 September 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 58,000.0 - - - 26,000.0 October 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 60,000.0 - - - 27,000.0 November 60,600.0 - - - 27,515.0 60,000.0 - - - 27,000.0

27,000.0

SUMMARY- ENERGY

buildings. I will be utilizing sunshades above glazing areas to minimize the heat from sun as well because my building is in a hot & humid climate. SECTION 02 | COTE DATA

WELLNESS

IMAGE: COTE SPREADSHEET

Number of materials with health certifications3Materials

Notable Material 1

Notable Material 2

Notable Material 3

Glazing Natural wood

CertificationHealth Product Declaration

CertificationHealth Product Declaration

CertificationHealth Product Declaration

Notable Material 4 Certification Notable Material 5 Certification

Number of chemicals of concern that where avoided3Chemicals

SUMMARY- WELLNESS

Chemical of concern AVOIDED

Bamboo Asbestos Lead

Paint with High VOC

StandardWELL Building Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED StandardWELL Building Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED StandardWELL Building Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Standard

As I was designing my building, wellness is the main priority I keep in mind. I ensured to include a lot of windows to allow for maximum natural light and views, keeping in mind the potential glare factors & occupant’s thermal comfort.

There are thermostats and thermal zones based on the window locations & use of each space so the occupants can remain comfortable.

My design is very simple, including only natural raw materials, with the inclusion of so sound dampening features to keep the noise level at a satisfactory range for the occupants.

RESOURCES

SUMMARY- RESOURCES

As stated in the wellness analysis, I focused on utilizing exposed raw, natural materials as the aesthetic for my building. These materials were also locally harvested (bamboo) or locally manufactured (concrete), allowing for a lower embodied carbon factor. The basis of design included taking any wasted materials back to be repurposed into more materials, rather than being transported to the landfill.

Something my building is lacking is reusing existing floor area. With this entire site being new & regraded, there is not an opportunity to reuse existing floor area.

SUMMARY- CHANGE (PG. 23)

When specifying materials in my building design, I ensured to include structurally stable materials that will have a long life cycle. I will ensure the owner maintains the structure & building system’s to keep everything in good condition to maximize the life cycle of all systems in the building, such as the HVAC system. The one disadvantage to specifying quality materials is that the building is not able to easily be disassembled. The goal of the building design is to withstand all the natural disasters that occur near the site in Ecuador, such as designing for earthquakes and sea level rise.

SUMMARY- DISCOVERY (PG. 24)

As with all buildings I design, I like to maintain a good relationship with the client to maintain the building I designed. Included is typically a minimum one-year warranty on all systems in the building, which allows for us to come monitor the systems installed in the building, ensuring they are being maintained to a high standard. This also allows for our team to analyze how the occupants are utilizing the space and conduct a survey for their feedback of our design. We also always have a ‘lessons learned’ session for the overall design of the building, presenting our design to the team involved.

Guayquil, Ecuador

Guayquil, Ecuador

Guayquil, Ecuador

COTE_Super_Spreadsheet_Version_2.3.xlsx

Measure 1 - Design for Integration

Measure 2 - Design for Community Walk Score 0.14 Transit Score 0.05 Bike Score 0.4

Community Engagement Level 43%

Transportation Carbon - Total Annual 107,072 kg CO2e / year

Measure 3 - Design for Ecology

Percent of Site Vegetated - Post-Development 54%

Percent of Site Vegetated - Pre-Development 100%

Increase in Percent of Site Vegetated -46%

Percent of Site with Native Plantings 48%

Percent of Vegetated Area with Native Plantings 89%

Ecological Design Score 88%

Measure 4 - Design for Water Predicted

Total Annual Potable Water Use per Occupant 1,923 gal / occupant / year

Total Daily Potable Water Use per Occupant 5.3 gal / occupant / day

Potable Water Use Intensity 59.2 gal / sf / day

Percent Rainwater Use 9% % of total water use from collected rainwater

Percent Grey/Black Water Use 1% % of total water use from grey or blackwater

Potable Water Use Reduction -294%

Total Annual Potable Water Use per Occupant 1,200 gal / occupant / year

Total Daily Potable Water Use per Occupant 3.3 gal / occupant / day

Measured

Potable Water Use Intensity 36.9 gal / sf / day

Percent Rainwater Use 14% % total water use from collected rainwater

Percent Grey/Black Water Use 2% % total water use from grey or blackwater

Potable Water Use Reduction -146%

Potable Water Used for Irrigation No

Rainwater Managed On-Site 46%

Estimated Runoff Quality 60%

SUMMARY

Measure 5 - Design for Economy

Actual construction cost $231 Dollar (USD) / sf

Benchmark Construction cost $151 Dollar (USD) / sf

Construction cost Reduction from the Benchmark -53%

Efficiency Ratio Achieved 70% Net to Gross

Efficiency Ratio Percent Improvement 8%

Measure 6 - Design for Energy

Net site EUI 208.4 kBtu / sf / yr

Gross site EUI 381.7 kBtu / sf / yr

Predicted

Net Energy Use Reduction from Benchmark -108%

Operational Carbon Emissions per Area 25 kg-CO2e / sf / yr

Percent from Renewable Energy 45%

Percent Operational Carbon Reduction from Benchmark 75%

Net site EUI 201.6 kBtu / sf / yr

Gross site EUI 365.4 kBtu / sf / yr

Measured

Net Energy Use Reduction from Benchmark -102%

Operational Carbon Emissions per Area 63 kg-CO2e / sf / yr

Percent from Renewable Energy 45%

Percent Operational Carbon Reduction from Benchmark 37%

Lighting Power Density 0.85 W/sf

Lighting Power Density % Reduction 99%

Window to Wall Ratio 21%

SUMMARY- SUMMARY

This summary sheet compiles the entire design package analysis for the building’s overall efficiency and design data. This sheet does not really provide any design analysis, but rather pulls the important information to one spot to be analyzed in the results tab.

Based on my prior knowledge completing the sheets throughout the entire design process, I know that I have achieved a fairly high building efficiency since I was able to analyze all the factors directly impacting the efficiency as I designed the building, or could go back and revise my design to cater to a better efficiency rating.

RESULTS

This page compares metrics against their benchmark along a scale from "Baseline" to "Very High Performance"

Measure 2: Design For Community

Walk Score 0% 100%

Transit Score 0% 100%

Bike Score 0% 100%

Community Engagement Level 0% 100%

Measure 3: Design For Ecology

Percent of Site Vegetated - Post-Development 0% 100%

Percent of Site Vegetated - Pre-Development 0% 100%

Vegetated area increase 0% 100%

Percent of Site with Native Plantings 0% 100%

Percent of Vegetated Area with Native Plantings 0% 100%

Ecological Design Score 0% 100%

Measure 4: Design For Water

Potable water reduction 0% -294% -146% 100%

Potable Water Used for Irrigation Yes (0) No (1) Rainwater Managed On-Site 0% 100%

Measure 5: Design For Economy

Estimated Runoff Quality 0% 100% \

Construction cost Reduction from the Benchmark 0% >50%

Efficiency ratio percent improvement 0% >50% Predicted Measured

Net energy reduction from Benchmark 0% -108% -102% 105%

Percent from renewable energy 0% 45%

Percent Operational Carbon Reduction from Benchmark0% 75%

Lighting Power Density % Reduction 0% 75%

Quality views 0% 100%

Operable windows 0% 100%

Daylit area (sDA 300/50%) 0% 100%

ASE Compliant Area (ASE 1000,250) 0% 100%

Is CO2 Measured? No (0) Yes (1)

Is VOC measured? No (0) Yes (1)

Materials with health certifications 0 10+

Chemicals of Concern Avoided 0 10+

RESULTS

Embodied carbon intensity (kg-C02e / sf)

Total embodied carbon (kg-C02e)

Measure 8: Design For Resources 35.31 229,500 0 0

Embodied carbon modeled No (0) Yes (1)

Biogenic carbon considered? No (0) Yes (1)

Percent of reused floor area 0% 100%

Percent of construction waste diverted 0% 100%

Percent of recycled content of building materials 0% 100%

Percent of regional materials 0% 100%

Measure 9: Design For Change

80%

Percent of installed wood that is FSC Certified 0% 100%

Local Hazard Research Score 0% 100%

Functionality Without Power (Resiliency) Score 0% 100%

Measure 10: Design For Discovery

100% 200 33% 50%

Building Design Lifespan 30 200

Level of Commissioning Score 0% 100%

Level of Post Occupancy Evaluation Score 0% 100%

0% 70% 10% 60% 90%

Level of Knowledge Distribution / Transparency Score 0% 100%

Level of Feedback (Ongoing discovery) 0% 100% 80% 100%

SUMMARY- RESULTS

The results page is very telling of the overall design for efficiency of the building. This shows that I have designed a very efficient building overall. My highest rated sections were vegetation design, rainwater management, wellness, the overall building’s lifespan, and the discovery analysis.

Areas of improvement that were highlighted were designing for water usage & monitoring features not included in the design based on lack of information.

Otherwise, everything else was within the ‘best practice’ range for the overall building design and location.

Also, if the building lasts as long as predicted (200 years), the cost of construction and energy use for construction is minimal & the carbon factors turn into mainly maintaining the building’s systems & the occupant’s commuting factors.

CARBON OVER TIME:

Cumulative carbon after 1 year occupancy

Building Materials 31%

Commute/year 14% Energy/year 55%

Cumulative carbon over building life

Carbon Calculations

Building Materials 0%

Commute/year 21% Energy/year 79%

Total kg of Carbon Dioxide Equivalents from: Lifespan Commute/yearEnergy/yearBuilding Materials Total

1Year107,072406,576 229,500 743,148 20Year2,141,4468,131,517229,500 10,502,463 100Year10,707,22940,657,586229,500 51,594,315 200Year21,414,45881,315,172229,500 102,959,130 Design 200Year21,414,45881,315,172229,500 102,959,130

Total Percentage of Carbon Dioxide Equivalents from: Lifespan Commute/yearEnergy/yearBuilding Materials Total

1Year14.4% 54.7% 30.9% 100.0% 20Year20.4% 77.4% 2.2% 100.0% 100Year20.8% 78.8% 0.4% 100.0% 200Year20.8% 79.0% 0.2% 100.0% Design 0Year20.8% 79.0% 0.2% 100.0%

MOCOLI ISLAND HISTORY, ECUADOR

CITY HISTORY

> Largest city in Ecuador

> Spanish settlement founded in 1530’s

> People faced many health issues until 1920’s due to the hot & humid climate

> Sits on west bank of Guayas River (45 Miles upstream from Pacific Ocean) (“Guayaquil | Ecuador | Britannica” 2020)

ECONOMIC HISTORY

> Chief port in Ecuador for International trade

> Sugar refineries, iron foundries, machine shops, tanneries, sawmills, and fabricating and processing plants allowed for trade of light consumer goods.

> Bananas, coffee, cacao, and shrimp farming from the Guayas River basin to the north are major exports (“Guayaquil | Ecuador | Britannica” 2020)

> Industrial development has resulted in population growth

> Since the earthquake of 1942, much of the city has been rebuilt

> There used to be a railway to Quito, but it was frequently damaged by earthquakes and El Niño in 1997 and ’98. The rail line from Guayaquil no longer operates.

> The city is connected by road to the country’s highway and has an International Airport

CULTURAL INFLUENCE

> Population: 3 Million (2020)

> Growth Rate: 1.6% each year

> Average Salary: $47,000 per year

> Official Language: Spanish

> River-side avenue is now a modern well-kept 1.6-mile (2.5-km) riverwalk featuring sculptures, a museum, restaurants, movie theatres, markets, and an ecological park. Historical landmarks are still intact, such as the José Joaquín Olmedo monument

REGIONAL MATERIALS

ISLAND MOCOLI

ADOBE BRICK

> Sun dried brick (never kiln fired)

> Materials: sand, sometimes gravel, clay, water, and straw or grass

> Mixed by hand and placed in wooden molds

> Keeps the buildings cool during the sunny days & warmer at night- naturally energy efficient

> Material withstands geographic and seismic elements that occur in Ecuador.

GUADUA BAMBOO

> Farmed in Ecuador & grows quickly

> Can withstand siesmic activity when it is cured properly

> Withstands the humid climate (unlike wood)

> Cheap Material because locally sourced

CONCRETE/CEMENT

> Predominate construction material in Ecuador

> Cement is locally produced

> Withstands the humid climate

CLIMATE STUDY

GUAYQUIL, ECUADOR

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE & SUN (BY MONTH)

AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES

The graph to the right demonstrates the average monthly temperature for Guayquil, Ecuador (in Celcuis).

This graph demonstrates how the temperature is very consistent year round, with only a slight dip in the mid-months.

AVERAGE SUNHOURS

The average sunhours are consistent as well as shown on the right.

With the average hours of sun being approximately 125 hours per month, equating to 4 hours per day if it is equally sunny each day.

CLIMATE STUDY

GUAYQUIL, ECUADOR

AVERAGE PRECIPITATION & RAINY DAYS

AVERAGE PRECIPITATION

The graph to the right shows how much precipitation on average (in Millimeters) Guayquil recieves per month.

This graph clearly shows the fact that Guayquil has an extreme rainy season consistent from January to April each year.

AVERAGE RAINY DAYS

The graph to right demonstrates and reinforces the data above that there is a consistent prime rainy season in Guayquil from January to April with some significant days in December and May as well.

CLIMATE STUDY

GUAYQUIL, ECUADOR

WIND & HUMIDITY

AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS

The chart to the right shows wind speeds in Guayquil, Ecuador in Meters per Second. Wind speeds seem to hold consistent year round, but do average higher when it is their dry season. Typically, the wind comes from the West.

AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY

The chart to the right shows the average relative humidity in Guayquil, Ecuador. As one can infer, Guayquil is a very humid place based on the amount of rainfall and consistent average temperature year round.

TERRAIN

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

ISLA MOCOLI

EXISTING TOPOGRAPICAL MAP

The prescribed site is located on the coast line of the Babahayo River which has a rising tide. The river has even started to emerge into our site (as shown in blue).

SEA LEVEL

Current sea level is a 2.50 M & our site barely goes above that until we hit the entrance, and it reaches 4 M.

PROPOSED TOPOGRAPICAL MAP

I plan to utilize the existing coastline to my advantage & bring some water into my site. Once I get to the center of the site, I plan to level out grade for development & to help prevent coastline flooding.

TOPO LEVEL

I plan to keep the coastline at about 3 M to keep the existing ecosystem alive & apapt my site design to existing conditions & quickly build up to 4 M to prevent damage to the new buildings.

Sketch by Manuel Colon-Amador

PERSONAL HAND SKETCH

BLAIR LEHMAN

VEGETATION

LOCAL PLANTS

GUAYQUIL, ECUADOR

Isla Mocoli is very low to sea level and therefore has many scattered low bushes, thorny shrubs , & small trees; all which can withstand a damp climate.

ACACIA MACRACANTHA

Is a thorny, deciduous shrub that spreads rapidly.

ANADENANTHERA COLUBRINA

Is a deciduous tree that grows from 5M-20M

CERCIDIUM PRAECOX

Is a tree with interweaving branches that forms a loose, umbrella shaped canopy that is yellow in color.

PROSOPIS JULIFLORA

Is a thorny shrub that grows up to 15M in height with a thick base & deep roots.

COLUMNAR

CACTI

Is an upright round-shaped cacti that may, or may not have branches.

OPUNTIA

Are flat cacti that are low spreading with prickly stems, but also can grow up to 5M high!

Acacia Macracantha (23)

Anadenanthera Colubrina

Cercidium Praecox

Prosopis Juliflora

Columnar Cacti (22) Opuntia

SUN PATH

EQUATOR

My site is located very close to the Equator, meaning that it does not recieve much variation in seasons or sunrise and sunset times & recieves very intense sun when the sun is shining.

WEST EAST

ISLA MOCOLI

TERRAIN.

I have adjusted the grading to allow for a nice approach to the river, but graded the site so the building’s are protected.

HYDROLOGY.

I allowed the river to maintain it’s natural flow & incorportated the river by bringing some water into my site.

CLIMATE/CLIMATE CHANGE.

I have addressed climate change through providing the natural vegetation at the water front to prevent sea level rise.

VEGETATION.

I provided much vegetation according to what currently grows in Ecuador to help prevent sea-level rise & also helps shade walking paths due to how hot the sun is.

SENSORY INVENTORY.

Showing how close the water is in the site plan helps the viewer visualize the waterfront & also smells that naturally occurs with salt water.

SOLAR ACCESS.

The sun is very strong in Ecuador so I am proposing much shading and designing my building’s accordingly.

IMAGE: SITE SECTION

The section below shows my understanding of my site and environmental elements

NARRATIVE

FITNESS COMMUNAL AREA

My project will connect culturally to Guayaquil Ecuador by utilizing local materials, such as Guadua Bamboo, local mangrove wood, & the use of Adobo bricks as accents. The buildings will be integrated into the site by maintaining the existing environmental conditions, keeping the waterfront access and utilizing the current grading conditions to minimize

the environmental impact of adding a structure to the site. The overall building use promotes the occupant’s health and wellness based on the programs designed within it & encourages walking or biking to the site through the design of walkways and paths.

CONCEPT SKETCHES: Walking Path & Site Organization

Painting by me

PRECEDENT STUDY

COSTA RICA ATHLETIC CENTER I 2019 NOSARA, COSTA RICA ARCHITECTS: STUDIO SAXE AREA: 615 M2 (2,017 FT2) (“COSTA RICA ATHLETIC CENTER / STUDIO SAXE” 2020)

COST RICA ATHLETIC CENTER

DESIGN CONCEPT

Studio Saxe Architects designed this building complex around the existing environment by breaking one large building down into several smaller buildings. Their goal was to minimize the amount they affected the existing environment by places buildings around the existing trees & landscape.

DESIGN CRITERIA

The structural foundations and mechanical underground systems were designed to be built around and on top of the existing tree roots, allowing for the environment and built environment to blend together, encouraging a healthy lifestyle.

MATERIALS

The building is designed as a light-weight steel structure that is built off site & assembled in place to minize the impact of the existing natural environment.

The structure was then clad in local teak wood to enhance the integration into the existing environment & large glass windows were inserted to allow for transparency.

SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS

The large overhangs allow for protection from the hot sun all day & protect the building from the intense rainfall Costa Rica recieves.

The large roofs collect rainwater to be reused in the building’s mechanical systems and is used as an irrigation system for the surrounding designed landscape.

SITE ORIENTATION

The buildings & roof overhangs were positioned so that the solar orientation, wind patterns, noise, dust, and other factors were considered when designing the site.

OCCUPANT INTERATION

BUILDING’S USE

> Promotes bike travel & walking to site

> Elevated walkways designed to connect buildings and shade occupants during hot days and protect them from the weather on rainy days.

> Areas that can be open to the natural climate are not fully enclosed, and therefore do not need to be conditioned spaces.

SUN SHADING STRATEGY

LIMA, PERU

EAST SUN SHADING STRATEGY

I am proposing a horizontal canopy at a 60 degree angle on the east facade above windows to minimize the sun exposure to just 5 hours.

WEST SUN SHADING STRATEGY

I am proposing a horizontal canopy at a 42 degree angle on the west facade above windows to minimize the sun exposure to just 5 hours.

SUN SHADING STRATEGY

LIMA, PERU

NORTH SHADING STRATEGY

For the North Facade, I am proposing horizontal shading at a minimum of 65 degrees above windows to limit the sun exposure to just 2 hours.

SOUTH SHADING STRATEGY (OPT. 1)

For the South Facade, there are two options I am proposing to optimize shading. The first is horizontal shading at a minimum of 70 degrees above windows to limit the sun exposure to just 2 hours.

(OPT. 1)

(OPT. 2) (1)

SOUTH SHADING STRATEGY (OPT. 2)

The second option, and the strategy recommended by the Psychometric chart is vertical shading at a minimum of 115 degrees beside the windows to limit the sun exposure to 6 hours.

IMAGE: PYSCHROMETRIC CHART

The chart below demonstrates the best utilized design strategies for a building located in Peru (and similar areas).

DESIGN STRATEGIES

OPTIMAL FACADE TO SHADE

In being so close to the equator, the sun is directly overhead majority of the year. The facade to focus on in my project is the west facade, utilizing vertical fins to minimize the sun exposure as the sun rises and sets each day throughout the entire year.

FOCAL DESIGN STRATEGIES

LIMA, PERU

SHADE

TO PREVENT OVERHEATING

Peru (Ecuador) is considered a more comfortable climate, so shading allows for more of a passive solar gain in winter months, and can be designed to be more open in summer months. (1)

FOCAL DESIGN STRATEGIES

LIMA, PERU USE PLANTS TO MINIMIZE HEAT GAIN

Design with plants, such as Ivy walls, bushes, and trees (especially on the west wall) to minimize heat gain. Keep in mind designing an outdoor pergula is also able to be considered a building in this climate due to the mainly comfortable weather year-round. (1)

RS MEANS & DATA

RS MEANS & DATA SUMMARY

The first thing to note is that my project is located in Guayaquil, Ecuador. With calculating price per square foot in the RS Means and Data, I was only able to analyze pricing per square foot in the United States. Because of that, I selected the location of West Palm Beach, Florida because the design of my building is a ‘high-end, resort-like’ building. With the natural disasters and harsh weather that commonly occur in Ecuador, I designed mainly a concrete structure with some glass & steel. The total building cost came to approximately $150/SF which is reasonable based on my knowledge & research. There are also not many

additional finishes because the design is to be exposed, natural materials to keep with a natural design.

540 SF/7,012 SF = 7.7% Circulation 1,040 SF/6,310 SF = 16.5% Circulation 56 SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS | BLAIR LEHMAN SECTION 02 | COTE DATA ASSIGNMENTS

SECOND FLOOR

POOL BELOW POOL BELOW

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-1 1 2 9SECOND FLOOR

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The diagrams to the right show both the first and second floor heat mapping for the clubhouse during all hours of the day showing the circulation for both occupants and staff members.

FIRST FLOOR

The percentage of the first floor utilized for circulation is 16.5%. Improvements I made to reduce this square footage is by placing an exterior sidewalk adjencent to the building to allow for circulation to occur on the outskirts of the building & designing adaptable spaces within the floor plan. The circulation through the game area is multifunctional because people will be interacting/playing games in the same region as the circulation path. (Original Percentage: 21.2%)

SECOND FLOOR

The percentage of the second floor utilized for circulation is 7.7%. Improvements I made to reduce the circulation percentage is by designing the common ammenties right at the entrance of the second floor. This allows for one singular circulation path to utilize the amenities & the amenities are able to be shared between both programs on the second floor.

(Original Percentage: 12.4%)

HEAT MAPPING CLUBHOUSE DESIGN

REGIONAL MATERIALS

GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR

91.8% of all construction materials overall in Guayaquil, Ecuador is concrete . Other materials are wood, metal and others; (Block 61.6%, Brick 35.1%)

CONCRETE

> Long term material once installed

> Versatile material, used on Floors, Walls, foundations, etc. in project

> Adaptable based on the required design strength to allow it to be more sustainable and affordable.

> Locally produced ($0.09/LB)

BAMBOO

> Very fast regrowth rate

> Renewable resource

> Local Material - less emissions to get to job site

> 2-3 year life cycle if untreated, treated will last additional years

> More affordable material ($0.16/LB)

BRICK

> Durable and strong material

> Readily Availible

> A naturally energy efficient material (walls keep house cool during the day, and give off their warmth at night)

> Long term material once installed

> Constructed locally, low emissions to job site. ($2.25/SF)

COST EFFECTIVE DESIGN

My project design is focusing on the use of the building being mixed use and multifunctional. The Lounge and Game room are used for a communal social area & also utilized as a Restaurant/Bar area. This allows for the circulation to be organic in nature, and not utilize square footage on the interior of the building just for circulation.

The materials utilized to construct the building are selected from the list of regional materials above, focusing on using mainly concrete with accents of bamboo.

ANALYSIS

The bar graph (above) & pie chart (right) depict the environmental impacts for wood as a construction material. The largest impact is the global warming potential during the end of it’s life cycle. Although the material of wood itself is beneficial to the earth, (offsetting the global warming potential by 37%), this is not enough to offset the 63.5% of wood that is sent directly to the landfill. Also, due to wood

a

ANALYSIS

This graph broken out by division is the exact same as the graph showing the product wood by life cycle. The material I selected in Tally was 2” Red Oak wood, which is used as hardwood. The one item I am not sure if I am to add into it (that is missing in this graph above) is the sealer over the wood to create the finish. That would drive the acidification potential up greatly, unless utilizing water-based sealant on the wood.

Product [A1-A3] 06 - Wood/Plastics/Composites

Transportation [A4]

06 - Wood/Plastics/Composites

Maintenance and Replacement [B2-B5] 06 - Wood/Plastics/Composites

End of Life [C2-C4] 06 - Wood/Plastics/Composites Module D [D] 06 - Wood/Plastics/Composites

ANALYSIS

Legend

The bar graph (above) & pie chart (right) demonstrate the life cycle stage of concrete as a building material. Concrete is very impactful as a manufactured product because of all the materials being mixed together to form the concrete. Then, the concrete needs to be mixed on site or at the manufacturing plant with a very specific ratio of materials to maintain strength and continue to be mixed to travel

Stages

[B2-B5]

ANALYSIS

The life cycle itemized by division is the same as the life cycle bar graph because only one material was selected, and that was ready-mix concrete local to the northeast region (assuming the project is based in Boston). A better breakdown to show the divisions would be including the metal deck the concrete will be poured into on the upper floors, or rebar included in the foundations.

IMAGE: EC3

MANUFACTURER ANALYSIS

The graph above shows the extent of EPD’s local to the project. Concrete has many EPD’s in the data base with a total of 5,884. This allows for architects and contractors to have many options to select from to meet their basis of design. The next 6 bar diagrams show the first six top performing products to choose from for concrete, and the last diagram shows the other manufacturers based on the kgCO2e per cubic yard.

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BOX PLOT ANALYSIS

The graph to the right shows the amount of kgCO2e per cubic yard in concrete. The green ‘bar’ shows the mean range per cubic yard for all products, and the ticks and top/bottom extent shows the outliers that are in the data base for concrete for professionals to select from.

IMAGE: EC3

Concrete PLANT COMPARISON

PLANT COMPARISON ANALYSIS

The graph to the left shows the extent of plants that manufacture concrete local to the project. Concrete has many EPD’s and allows for many plants to select from because of that. This graphic also shows how many EPD’s are available at each plant.

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PRODUCT COMPARISON

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PRODUCT ANALYSIS

The graph to the left shows the comparison per product to the mean data collected on EPD’s for concrete.

MANUFACTURER ANALYSIS

The graph above shows the extent of EPD’s local to the project. Red Oak wood has 5 EPD’s in the data base for architects and contractors to select from to meet their basis of design. The next 2 bar diagrams show the products to choose from for red oak wood based on the kgCO2e per cubic yard.

BOX PLOT ANALYSIS

The graph to the right shows the amount of kgCO2e per cubic yard in the selected red oak wood. The green ‘bar’ shows the mean range per cubic yard for all products, and the ticks and top/bottom extent shows the outliers that are in the data base for wood for professionals to select from.

IMAGE: EC3 Wood

PLANT COMPARISON ANALYSIS

The graph to the left shows the extent of plants that manufacture wood local to the project. Red Oak wood is very specific and does not have many EPD’s to select from because of that. This graphic also shows how many EPD’s are available at each plant.

PRODUCT COMPARISON

PRODUCT ANALYSIS

The graph to the left shows the comparison per product to the mean data collected on EPD’s for Red Oak Wood.

IMAGE: EC3

Sankey Diagrams

EXAMPLE SANKEY DIAGRAM

SANKEY DIAGRAM ANALYSIS

The graphs to the left show the LEED Global Warming potential for the example project (top) & my selected floor materials (bottom). Both building designs show that the EC3 estimates are below standard for materials of the typical type for concrete and wood. (7)

PERSONAL SANKEY DIAGRAM

EXAMPLE LEED COMPARISON

PERSONAL LEED COMPARISON

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IMAGE:EC3 LEED Bar Charts

LEED BAR CHART ANALYSIS

The graphs to the left show the LEED Global Warming potential in bar graph format for the example project (top) & my selected floor materials (bottom). Both building designs show that the EC estimates have the potential to be lessened, but the realized is still high and at baseline level based on the specific materials selected.

“Climate Consultant | Society of Building Science Educators.” n.d. Www.sbse.org. https://www.sbse.org/resources/climate-consultant. (1)

“Climate in Guayaquil (Guayas), Ecuador.” 2022. Weather & Climate. 2022. https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,guayaquil,Ecuador. (2)

“Columnar Cacti for the Southwest.” 2020. FineGardening. September 8, 2020. https://www.finegardening.com/article/columnar-cacti-for-the-southwest. (3)

“Costa Rica Athletic Center / Studio Saxe.” 2020. ArchDaily. March 4, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/934878/costa-rica-athletic-center-studio-saxe. (4)

De Vries, Shila. 2002. “Bamboo Construction Technology for Housing in Bangladesh Opportunities and Constraints of Applying Latin American Bamboo Construction Technologies for Housing in Selected Rural Villages of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh.” https://humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2014/02/EUT_BambooConstructionTechnology.pdf. (5)

“Ecuador Brick Construction | Living in Ecuador - Torrin Brauch.” 2015. Live the Life. May 1, 2015. http://www.livethelifeinecuador.com/brick-construction-ecuador/. (6)

“EC3.” n.d. Buildingtransparency.org. https://buildingtransparency.org/ec3/material-search. (7)

Freyberger, Max. 2017. “From the Ground up – EcoCity Building in Ecuador.” Ecocities Emerging. February 9, 2017. https://ecocitiesemerging.org/from-the-ground-up-ecocity-building-inecuador/. (8)

Global Footprint Network. 2021. “Open Data Platform.” Footprintnetwork.org. 2021. https://data.footprintnetwork.org/#/. (9)

Global Footprint Network. n.d. “How Many Planets Does It Take to Sustain Your Lifestyle?” Www.footprintcalculator.org. https://www.footprintcalculator.org/home/en. (10)

“Guaíba Orla Urban Park / Jaime Lerner Arquitetos Associados.” 2018. ArchDaily. December 22, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/907900/guaiba-orla-urban-park-jaime-lerner-arquitetosassociados?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab. (11)

“Guayaquil | Ecuador | Britannica.” 2020. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Guayaquil. (12)

“Guayaquil Ecuador - Google Search.” n.d. Www.google.com. Accessed March 13, 2022. https://www.google.com/search?q=guayaquil+ecuador&rlz=1C1CHBF_ enUS947US947&sxsrf=APq-WBvGek9zGYt7Q5hEpZU2arfJIh8g1g:1647130343108&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimsv_X5sH2AhU4j3IEHSvtBocQ_ AUoAnoECAIQBA&biw=1536&bih=713&dpr=2.5. (13)

Manandhar, Rashmi, Jin-Hee Kim, and Jun-Tae Kim. 2019. “Environmental, Social and Economic Sustainability of Bamboo and Bamboo-Based Construction Materials in Buildings.” Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, March, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2019.1595629. (Manandhar, Kim, and Kim 2019) (14)

“Near the Equator, Do Shadows from the Sun Always Point East or West and Rarely North and South?” n.d. Quora. Accessed March 13, 2022. https://www.quora.com/Near-the-equator-doshadows-from-the-sun-always-point-east-or-west-and-rarely-north-and-south. (15) “Plants.” n.d. AMWUA. Accessed March 13, 2022. https://www.amwua.org/plant/palo-brea. (16)

“Prosopis Juliflora Acutely Reduces Water Resources in Ethiopia, Costing Rural Livelihoods.” n.d. EurekAlert! Accessed March 13, 2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/795651. (17)

Reimagined, Bee Kind. n.d. “Cebil - Anadenanthera Colubrina Seeds - Wild Harvested.” Bee Kind Reimagined. Accessed March 13, 2022. https://beekindreimagined.co.uk/shop/ols/ products/cebil-anadenanthera-colubrina-seeds-wild-harvested. (18)

Reyes-Quijije, Melissa, Alid Rocha-Tamayo, Natividad García-Troncoso, Haci Baykara, and Mauricio H. Cornejo. 2022. “Preparation, Characterization, and Life Cycle Assessment of Aerated Concrete Blocks: A Case Study in Guayaquil City, Ecuador.” Applied Sciences 12 (4): 1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041913. (19)

WORKS CITED (CONT.)

“Tally | Plugin, Add-On, Extension for Revit | Autodesk App Store.” n.d. Apps.autodesk.com. Accessed May 8, 2022. https://apps.autodesk.com/RVT/en/List/ Search?query=tally&facet=&collection=&sort=dateUpdated%2Cdesc. (20)

US EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Atmospheric Programs, Climate Change Division. 2016. “Household Carbon Footprint Calculator.” Epa.gov. 2016. https://www3.epa.gov/ carbon-footprint-calculator/. (21)

Wikipedia Contributors. 2019. “Opuntia.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. March 14, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opuntia. (22)

2022. Wikimedia.org. 2022. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Acacia-aroma.jpg. (23)

“Construction Estimating Software.” n.d. Www.rsmeans.com. https://www.rsmeans.com/products/online. (24)

(Any images/sections not cited includes original work or photographs)