E. Tsarwhas Environmental Portfolio

ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO

SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS ELAINA TSARWHAS / SPRING 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 01 - INTRODUCTION 01 ABOUT ME 02 CARBON & ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT SECTION 02 - BUILDING & SITE ANALYSIS 03 - 06 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND CLIMATE STUDY 07 - 08 INTEGRATION COTE SPREADSHEET 09 - 12 SITE ANALYSIS AND HISTORY 13 - 14 DESIGN ANALYSIS 15 - 20 CLIMATE CONSULTANT ANALYSIS 21 - 22 DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY 23 - 24 DESIGN FOR WATER 25 - 27 DESIGN FOR ECONOMY 28 - 29 DESIGN FOR ECONOMY AND ENERGY 30 DESIGN FOR WELNESS 31 - 32 RESOURCES 33 - 34 DESIGN FOR CHANGE

SECTION 03 - RESULTS 35 - 36 RESULTS 37 - 38 TALLY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 39 - 45 EC3 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT SECTION 04 - SOURCES 46 CITATIONS

BIOGRAPHY

M.Arch Canidate

LOCATION: Chicago, IL

EDUCATION B.S. INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE University of WisconsinMadison > 2016-2020

M.ARCH Boston Architectual College > 2021- Present

EXPERIENCE: Project Associate - Northworks Architects and Planners (2 yrs) TRAVEL PREFERENCE: Metra Train, Carpooling

SUSTAINABLE INTERESTS:

ABOUT:

My name is Elaina Tsarwhas, I am a M.Arch candiate in my second year at the BAC. I currently work at Northworks Architects and Planners, a firm specializing in Residental Architecture. I look forward to Sustainable Systems so I can better investigate the environmental impact of homes as they relate to work.

IMAGE: ELAINA TSARWHAS

Elaina Tsarwhas

CARBON AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

ANALYSIS

ABOUT MY FOOTPRINT

I learned alot about this study about my foorprint. according to the foorptint calculator if everyone lived like me we would need 3.9 Earths. I was unfamiliar with the term “Earh Overshoot Day” I learened that this marks the date when humanity’s demand for ecological resources and services in a given year exceeds what Earth can regenerate in that year. In 2021, it fell on July 29. Based off the questions from this site, some areas I

can improve upon are

•

Organic food consumption

•

•

Electricity use

Recycling

I can do this by, shopping at local grocery stores for fresh and certified organic, turning off lights/utilizing the sun, and getting a separate bin for recycling.

IMAGE: SUN STUDY BIG SKY, MONTANA

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND CLIMATE STUDY

BIG SKY MONTANA

This assignment detials the terrain, hydrology, climate/climate change, solar access, and vegetation of this proposed project site. Through this study we will learn to better understand the surrounding environment and make impactful design decisions.

IMAGE: RAIN STUDY

BIG SKY, MONTANA

IMAGE:AXON STUDY

BIG SKY, MONTANA

INTERGRATION

WHATS THE BIG IDEA?

My building is located in Big Sky, Montana; in a community called Moonlight Basin, situated in the southern region of the Rocky Mountains. Big Sky is most known for its skiing, biking, hiking, wildlife and scenic views. The areas use and reputation makes it all the more important to design with the environment in mind. New buildings in Big Sky should be positive environmental contributions, and disrupt

the land as little as possible. This can be done through materiality, form, connection to nature, environmentally friendly construction methods and landscaping.

SITE ANALYSIS AND HISTORY

HISTORY

Big Sky, Montana

Big Sky is a community in the Rocky Mountains of southern Montana. It’s known for the ski and downhill mountainbike trails of Big Sky Resort. Big Sky Resort is known for the “Biggest Skiing in America” Iit is cnetal to Lone Peak and spans over 5,800 acres. Locally this is known as one of Montanas best ski resorts. The town is southeat of

Yellowstone National Park, which is known for wildlife, hot springs and geysers. Northeast there is the Gallatin River which cuts through the Callatin Canyon. 9 miles from Big Sky is Ousel Falls Park which has a waterfall, picnic areas and viewpoints.

Elevation: 7,218′

Area: 120.2 mi²

Population: 3,058 (2019)

HISTORIC PRECEDENT

Crail Ranch, Montana

The Crail Ranch Homestead Museum is a part of the Historic Crail Ranch, some of the oldest original buildings in the Big Sky area. Historic Crail Ranch preserves the story of the Crail family and their homestead in the verdant valley meadow that is now part of Big Sky, Montana. These homes are unique log structures which were created in the early 1900s.

They were home to an active ranching operation with livestock and whear fields, spanning 960 acres. Originally there were 10 structures, and now only two remain.

Preserving Historic Structures:

The charter for the Historic Crail Ranch Conservators, first put in place in 2006, lists preservation of the Historic Crail Ranch structures as a key responsibility of the Conservators.

REGIONAL MATERIALS

Wood Uses

• Exterior siding, Interior Flooring, Details, Trusses, Headers, Beams, Columns, Construction

Sustainability Properties

• Wood is renewable and recyclable

• Smaller environmental impact than the alternatives

• Biodegradable

• Variation

• Acoustics

• Maintenance and repairs Cut and type

• Douglas-fir

• Ponderosa Pine

• Lodgepole pine

• Western Larch

• Aspen

REGIONAL MATERIALS

Stone

Uses

• Base, Exterior, Interior Flooring, Chimney, Exterior Hardscape

Sustainability Properties

• Sustainability - natural and does not require other resources to make it

• Durable

• Low maintenance

• Thermal properties

• Aesthetic

Cut and Type

• Montana Weathered Edge

• Montana Moss Rock

• Native Sandstone

• Sunset Bronze

• Quarzite

• Montana Sandstone

• River Rock

• Oklahoma Moss Rock

• Chief Cliff Stone

SAMPLED WOOD TEXTURE

SAMPLED STONE TEXTURE

SITE ANALYSIS AND HISTORY

BIG SKY MONTANA

ECONOMY

HISTORY AND STATISTICS

Big Sky, Montana

2019 Poverty Rate

• 14.8%

2019 Median Household Income:

• $75,586

2019 Median Property Value

• 564,000

DEMOGRAPHICS

BIG SKY, MT

In 2019, Big Sky, MT had a population of 3.06k people with a median age of 33.3 and a median household income of $75,586. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Big Sky, MT declined from 3,098 to 3,058, a −1.29% decrease and its median household income grew from $68,333 to $75,586, a 10.6% increase. The 5 largest ethnic groups in Big Sky, MT are White (Non-Hispanic) (88.8%), White (Hispanic) (8.34%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.7%), American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) (0.556%), and Asian (Non-Hispanic) (0.556%). 0% of the households in Big Sky, MT speak a nonEnglish language at home as their primary language.

92.5% of the residents in Big Sky, MT are U.S. citizens.

In 2019, the median property value in Big Sky, MT was $564,000, and the homeownership rate was 60.5%. Most people in Big Sky, MT drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 15.2 minutes. The average car ownership in Big Sky, MT was 2 cars per household.

MOONLIGHT BASIN RESORT COSTS

An influx of people are moving to Big Sky as part time residents from all over the US. The majority are flocking to this sky resort town building large homes, joining sky resorts, and partaking in the ammenities that the city has to offer.

Moonlight Basin, on the edge of Montana’s Big Sky Resort, charges $50,000 for a Signature membership after you’ve purchased a home, which can cost $1 million to $15 million. All have annual fees.

Moonlight’s start at $9,371, Yellowstone’s at $40,000 and Cimarron at $50,000.

PROJECT SITE

Moonlight Basin Madison Outlook 2 Lot 8

HOA Dues: $65,000

Lot Listing Price: $4,000,000

Photo: https://www.planetware.com/montana/top-rated-things-to-do-in-big-sky-us-mt-65.htm

WALKING SCORE

Big Sky, Montana

• Commute to Downtown Bozeman in a car is 1 hour 8 minutes

• The city is car-dependent, almost all errands require a car

• Walk Score 7

• Somewhat Bikeable

• Bike Score 16

• Minimal bike infrastructure

Bozeman Montana

• Walk Score 47

• Transit score 21

• Bike Score 62

• Bozeman has minimal public transportation and is somewhat bikeable.

Photo:https://www.montana.edu/marketing/about-msu/bozeman/

DESIGN ANALYSIS

HOW THE DESIGN EMBODIES THE REGION

HOW DOES IT CONNECT CULTURALLY, MATERIALLY AND PHYSICALLY TO THE COMMUNITY AROUND IT?

Materially, the stone and wood is utilized in a way the connects with the surrounding environment and highlights the natural elements. The massing is built in to the adjacent hillside giving it a greater connection to the earth with a walk out green roof. Sloping roof lines slope out to the direction of Lone Peak providing a connection point through the interior view.

HOW DOES THE BUILDING OR SITE SERVE THE COMMUNITY IN DIVERSE WAYS?

The building does not necessarily serve the community however it is a part of the Moonlight Basin Community that governs the architectural style and allowences. By deisgning by these guidelines its ensures the aestheics, sustainability and other properties are in keeping with community guidelines and compliment the local style.

Due to the influx of toursim in Montana the emergence of modern styles is reflected in much of the designs. This offers a new perspetive to the “Mountain Modern” aesthetic while keeping with natural materiality.

WHAT ROLE DOES IT PLAY IN THE PROMOTION OF ALTERNATIVE AND HUMAN POWERED TRANSPORTATION

The city of Big Sky is not very walkable, with most errands a car is needed. The

Moonlight Basin Resort where my site is located has many trails and hiking opportunities that cater to the residence. My site in particular has direct access to a hiking trail via the green roof. Residence navigate the community via golf carts, car, and walking.

DESIGN FOR EQUITABLE COMMUNITIES

Bozeman, Montana

CLIMATE CONSULTANT ANALYSIS

Why is Climate Consultant Important?

As Architects and Designers it is our responsibility to work to design sustainable systems and structures. To do this we need to first understand the local climate. Climate consultant helps us make sense of the data and its effect on built form thorugh easy to understand charts.

TEMPERATURE RANGE

This Temperature Range Chart for Bozeman, Montana shows the Recond High and Low Temperatures and lowest Dry Bulb Temperatures for each month over a full year. In this case, the graph indicates heating/cooling systems are needed at all times of the year to withstain comfort levels. Assigning the proper materiality, glazing systems, and construction methods will be important to ensure climate comfort at the interior of the home.

Bozeman, Montana

CLIMATE CONSULTANT ANALYSIS

MONTHLY DINURAL AVERAGES

This chart helps to understand temperature variation. As we can see, humidity fluxuates drastically throughout the year. Humidity, measured through the Wet Bulb mean is highest and furthest from dry bulb in the summer months (June, July, and August). Humidity should be taken in to consideration for moisture control and necesarry heating / cooling systems.

PROPOSED DESIGN (NE)

Bozeman, Montana

CLIMATE CONSULTANT ANALYSIS

SOLAR SHADING

NORT H / SOUTH FACING

While there isnt any glazing facing directly North or South of the building, thermal comfort and shading is still important. In this diagram, the large hill at 120 feet elevation is shown on the south east side of the property. Incorporating horizontal shading devices at 48 degrees and vertical fins at 23 degrees will efficently block any uncomfortable summer sun.

SITE

Bozeman, Montana

CLIMATE CONSULTANT ANALYSIS

SOLAR SHADING

NORTH EAST FACING

There is minimal glazing on the North East facade, but it is where the main entry is located and the area provides alot of navigation activity. The hill obstructs much of the sun by casting a shadow on to the sturcture. Additional side can be provided by incorporating a horizontal shading devices at 40 degrees

SITE

Bozeman, Montana

CLIMATE CONSULTANT ANALYSIS

SOLAR SHADING

SOUTH WEST FACING

The South West facade has large expanses of floor to ceiling glass on the first floor (0’-20’) and french doors on the lower level that lead out to a sunken terrace. This area contains the most outdoor activity and need for termal comfort. With horizontal shading devices at 23 degrees and vertical fins at 76 degrees

SITE

LOCATION Bozeman, Montana

CLIMATE CONSULTANT ANALYSIS

PSYCHOMETRIC CHART

COMFORT 7.6%

The Psychometric Chart tells us the amount of hours that are comfortable indoors interference is not needed. This location has a 7.6% comfort. This tells us intervention is needed to increase comfort througout the year.

PROPOSED DESIGN (SW)

DESIGN STRATEGY 01: SUN SHADING OF WINDOWS

COMFORT 5.5%

The use of an insulated glazing system will sucessfully deflect excess exterior light and reflect/retain internal heat. This is especially imporant on the South West facade, due to the high amount of glazing

DESIGN

STRATEGY 02: HEATING, ADD HUMIDIFICATION IF NEEDED

COMFORT 64.5

Due to the climate, which is below comfort levels for the majority of the year, a strong artifical heating/cooling system in needed to generate a comfortable internal temperature

DESIGN STRATEGY

03:PASSIVE SOLAR DIRECT GAIN LOW MASS

COMFORT 13.1%

Passive sunlight that comes through the windows is especially important and can be maximized per floor plan orientation. This will be helpful on the lower level, where sun can natural heat the interior.

DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ECOLOGY

The parameters around ecology are established by the Moonlight Basin Community guidelines. The Design Review Board and the owner are to work together to ensure the building is developed within guidelines. The building envelope may not exceed 40% of the total Residential Site Area. This ensures that the majority of the site isn’t modified and that the ecology stays intact.

Site utilities are to be installed underground on alignments that minimize grading, tree cutting and other site disruption, and are only allowed to cross areas outside of the Building Envelope using the least disruptive alignments. Where disruption has occurred, comprehensive revegetation of those areas is required.The DRB must approve tree removal and/or selective tree thinning within the Building Envelope as outlined within these Guidelines. On a case-bycase basis, the DRB may also approve tree removal and/or thinning outside the Building Envelope for fire mitigation, view corridors, or solar exposure,provided it does not impact off-site views. Unauthorized removal, thinning or cutting of trees will result in the issuance of fine.

Improvements into existing landforms. Except for driveways and utility lines, grading is not permitted outside of the Building Envelope.

> Grading designs that use natural and/or curvilinear shapes help to blend graded areas into the natural landscape.

> Straight and angular solutions abruptly contrast with the form of the natural landscape and should be avoided.

> Slopes should not exceed 2:1, unless it can be demonstrated a steeper slope will not erode.

> Disturbed areas are to be revegetated to blend naturally into the surrounding environment.

> Site designs are to preserve existing drainage patterns and minimize erosion and sediment transport to minimize downstream water quality impacts.

> Storm water runoff should be managed on-site to the greatest extent feasible by using environmentally sensitive storm water management practices

Exterior lighting is to be kept to a minimum to preserve the visibility of the night sky and maintain a residential-quality night environment.

> Exterior lighting is permitted to the extent required for safety. All exterior lighting should meet the standards to be dark-sky compliant (i.e., received the fixture seal of approval by the International Dark Sky Association).

> All exterior light sources are to use downward facing, horizontal cut-off fixtures, which hide the light source. Uplighting is not permitted.

> High-efficiency exterior lighting is recommended.

> Motion detectors may be used where appropriate.

> After installation of exterior lighting, all lighting is to be tested by the electrician or lighting consultant to ensure that there is no unintended light spill or glare and written confirmation from the electrician or lighting consultant will be provided to the DRB.

> Site lighting should be designed to reflect the architectural design aesthetic

Grading is to be designed to minimize impacts on the Residential Site and blend

DESIGN FOR WATER

COTE SPREADSHEET

GUIDELINES

According to the Moonlight Basin Design Guideline, site designs are to preserve existing drainage patterns and minimize erosion and sediment transport to minimize downstream water quality impacts. Storm water runoff should be managed on-site to the greatest extent feasible by using environmentally sensitive storm water management practices, and thefollowing criteria:

• The Owner is responsible for controlling the drainage resulting from Residential Site development and may not direct a higher volume of water off-site than originally existed.

• Existing drainage patterns are to be maintained and protected both during and after construction.

• New drainage ways are to appear and function like natural drainage ways and utilize materials native to the Residential Site.

• All visible portions of drainage structures are to be faced with DRBapproved material.

• Provisions for snow storage and snowmelt are required and shall be shown on the Site Plan Submitted to the DRB

DESIGN FOR WATER

COTE SPREADSHEET

GUIDELINES

Plantings are to be selected to minimize the need for permanent irrigation.

• Group plant materials according to their water consumption needs.

• Water conservation devices and techniques are required.

• Conventional spray irrigation is limited to defined lawn areas. Sodded areas are discouraged. These systems are to be fully automatic.

• Automatic irrigation systems are required at all revegetation areas. The systems may be abandoned when plantings have been clearly established after a minimum of two growing seasons.

• No irrigation is permitted within 2’-0” of any roadway.

• Irrigation equipment is to be screened from off-site to the extent practicable

DESIGNING FOR ECONOMY

MOONLIGHT BASIN

Sustainable design celebrates affordable solutions around true economy—good first costs, good long term operations cost, and true benefits for occupant health and productivity.

COST TO BUILD

The architectural costs of this project are determined by price per square foot. It is estimated that the construction costs will be from 10-12 Million. The average cost per square foot to build

in Montana is currently $200 and in Big Sky, Montana the average cost per square foot has skyrocketed to $900 per square foot. This project ranges from $500-700 per square foot.

1.AREA OF THE BUILDING USED SOLELY FOR CIRCULATION.

Lower Level: 1551 sq ft

Upper Level: 1738 sq ft

Outdoor Circulation: 3898 sq ft

Total : 3289 sq ft

This home offers an abundance of open space. Most common spaces flow into each other and are oversized compared to the standard sized home for 5. This is intentional to fit the client’s preference. Many rooms can be reduced to standard sizes to design for economy.

For example, the open floor plan kitchen to living extends 50’x20’. this is considered oversized and can be reduced to better service esstential needs. The dining room can be eliminated entirely,

ACTIVITY

HEAT MAPS

Night and Day Comparison

UPPER LEVEL ACTIVITY

T he upper level is the most active of the spaces. This is where the master bed, living, kitchen, and terrace connection exists. in the Night analysis (top) we can see heavy activity in the living/dining for entertaining purposes, entry for arrival and departure, and bedroom for sleep. the day time activity focuses mostly on the entry for arrival and departure, kitchen for eating and lesuire, and dining and living for entertaining.

DESIGNING FOR ECONOMY

MATERIAL SOURCING

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Wood Siding

Source: Big Sky Lumber Supply, Big Sky

What Affects Cost?: Size of order, length of wood, grade, land ownership, country of orgin, seasonality and weather

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Lime Stone

Source: Iron Side Stone, Big Sky MT

What Affects Cost?: Country of orgin, competition, composition,

HARDSCAPE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Natural Stone

Source: Iron Side Stone, Big Sky MT

What Affects Cost?: Country of orgin, competition, composition

Photo: https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stockphotos-rustic-wood-texture-background-image16195208

https://modernearthmo.com/natural-stone-veneer/ https://www.msisurfaces.com/pavers/natural-stone/pearl/

EXTERIOR SIDING

EXTERIOR FACADE STONE BASE

DESIGNING FOR ECONOMY MATERIAL SOURCING

MOONLIGHT BASIN MATERIAL GUIDELINES

Moonlight Basin has several guidelines to ensure that the buildings reflect the distinct mountain setting and at the same time reflect the individual style and preferences of residents. To ensure sustaiability, one must Incorporate salvaged materials into the building design as practical. The architect must also consider using building materials that

reduce the emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) and other pollutants.

WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES

Efforts to reduce construction waste are also encouraged. All building projects are encouraged to recycle or reuse a minimum of 50 % of unused or leftover building materials

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY AND ENERGY

COTE SPREADSHEET

DESIGN FOR ENERGY

The The architectural costs of this project are determined by price per square foot. It is estimated that the construction costs will be from 10-12 Million. The average cost per square foot to build in Montana is currently $200 and in Big Sky, Montana the average cost per square foot has skyrocketed to $900 per square foot. This project is estimated to cost $538 per square foot which is a 40% reduction from the benchmark.

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY AND ENERGY

COTE SPREADSHEET

DESIGN FOR ENERGY

In the Moonlight Basin guideliens, it is required to meet or exceed the current statewide Energy Code (2012IECC). The use of Energy Star rated windows is required.

A high level of individual occupant control for thermal, ventilation and lighting systems should be incorporated. Occupancy sensors and time clock controls should be incorporated into the Residence’s mechanical design to reduce energy usage

WINDOWS

Windows are to be designed and located to maximize natural daylight and reduce reliance on electrical lighting.Minimize east and west facing windows and glass doorsand incorporate larger roof overhangs for shading to lowersolar heat gain during the cooling season

DESIGN FOR WELLNESS

COTE SPREADSHEET

DESIGN FOR WELLNESS

Maximizing square footage with quality views has been a priority since inital concept phases. The house features a beautiful view of Lone Peak. Main public spaces provide stunning views out floor to ceiling windows. This promotes welbeing and tranquility by offering a visual connection to nature. Moonlight Basin Design Guidelines states that operable windows that allow natural ventilation are encouraged to reduce both heating and cooling loads. the guidelines also ask we consider using building materials that reduce the emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) and other pollutants.

RESOURCES

RESOURCES

DESIGN FOR CHANGE

COTE SPREADSHEET

DESIGN FOR CHANGE

The average lifespan of a house is around 40 years with standard home aging. Due to the quality of construction and materials we hope to reach a minimum of at least 60 years. Elements that can increase life span of a home are:

• Regular cleaning and maintenance; annual checking for termites and water damage

• Keep a check on electrial fittings and wiring

• Maintain windows and doors

• Flexibility in space

DESIGN FOR DISCOVERY COTE SPREADSHEET

DESIGN FOR DISCOVERY

As the Architects of this project, we are in close and constant communications with the clients throughout the entire construction process. After construction it is important to stay in communication through inital walk throughs, and if any rennovations or updated are needed by the clients in the future. Maintaining a good relationhsip is important to photograph the building as well.

RESULTS

RESULTS

The Walk, Bike and Transit scores are low due to the location of the Moonlight Basin Community. Situated 30 minutes outside of Bozeman, the largest city int he immidiate area, Big Sky Montana is a remote town where residents mostly drive for esstential items. The population growth is currently 120% since 2000, as the population grows; more jobs, local businesses and retail will come to the area and there will be reduced need to drive far

for certain essentials. The high response in the Wellness is a direct link to the large rear facing windows and expansive shed roof. These elements allow in maximum light and allow for the direct connection to nature with stunning views.

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT - TALLY

MATERIAL STUDY:

> Cast in place concrete floor with light structural concrete and steel reinformance

> Underlayment foam

> Vinyl flooring with foam coat

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT - EC3

MATERIAL COMPARISON

STRUCTURAL CONCRETE 2500 PSI

M aterial analysis and comparison of structural concrete at 2500 psi. This material is proposed for the foundation and flooring of the Architecture at Moonlight Basin. Some advantages of structural concrete are; ability to resist high-stress environments, fire and weather resistance, limitless range of shape, low maintenance costs and requires less labor. However, concrete is a producer of carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas.

Concrete causes damage to the most fertile layer of the earth, the topsoil. Concrete is used to create hard surfaces which contribute to surface runoff that may cause soil erosion, water pollution and flooding.

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT - EC3

MATERIAL COMPARISON

CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER

M aterial analysis and comparison of Cross Laminated Timber. This material is proposed for flooring of the Architecture at Moonlight Basin. CLT is known to be sustainable by reducing waste, having better thermal properties than alternatives, and faster to install. its downside can be that it is more expensive than steel or concrete , and has less long term flexibility. We can see this products lower baseline metric for kgC02e embodied per 1m3 in all comparisons.

D ue to the low amount of embodied CO2 we can conclude this is a safe and sustainable material to use.

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT - EC3

BUILDING COMPARISON

GWP SAVINGS OPPORTUNITIES FOR MOONLIGHT BASIN

GWP Saving opportunities for Readymix concrete, CLT, and Rebar Steel. There is a potential 38% savings from this procurement. The target falls below baseline for the Readymix Concrete.

LEED GWP SAVINGS OPPORTUNITIES FOR MOONLIGHT BASIN

C urrently there is a very low realized savings (5%) however a -52% achieveable LEED GWP Savings Opportunity.

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT - EC3

BUILDING COMPARISON

MASS SANKEY DIAGRAM FOR MOONLIGHT BASIN

EMBODIED GWP VS. BASELINE, BY CATEGORY

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT - EC3 BUILDING COMPARISON

MOONLIGHT BASIN & LA BUILDING EC ESTIMATE

T he conervative EC Estimate for Moonlight Basin is 38% when comparing flooring materials.

CITATIONS

1. “Carbon Footprint Calculator | Climate Change | US EPA.” EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1, 2015. https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/.

2. Home - Global Footprint Network, https://www. footprintnetwork.org/.

3. “Big Sky, Montana Population 2022.” Big Sky, Montana Population 2022 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs), https:// worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/big-sky-mtpopulation.

4. “Big Sky, MT.” Data USA, https://datausa.io/profile/geo/bigsky-mt.

5. Properties of Stones | Requirements of Good Building Stones. https://civiljungle.com/properties-of-stones/.

6. “The Mechanical Properties of Wood.” The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mechanical Properties of Wood, by Samuel J. Record, M.A., M.F., https:// www.gutenberg.org/files/12299/12299-h/12299-h. htm#:~:text=The%20mechanical%20properties%20 of%20wood%20considered%20in%20this%20book%20 are,cleavability%2C%20(9)%20resilience.

7. “Bozeman, Mt Natural Disasters and Weather Extremes.” USA.com. Accessed May 15, 2022. http://www.usa.com/ bozeman-mt-natural-disasters-extremes.htm.

8. Coleman, Chris. “What Is the Average Lifespan of a House?” Southdown Homes, October 14, 2021. https:// southdownhomes.com/what-is-the-average-lifespan-ofa-house/.

9. “What Is the Lifespan of a House?” Swiss Life Group, May 8, 2017. https://www.swisslife.com/en/home/hub/whatis-the-lifespan-of-a-house.html.

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