MALLADO LOS BARRIOS JOINING NETWORKS THROUGH URBAN AGRICULTURE
Ashley Vigen, Evan Yock William Bilyeu, Ashley Kopetzky Liz Johnson
Leveling Communal Landscapes:
Contexualizing Countours
Project Objective: To introduce a prototype development that works towards linking communal interaction across disconnected topography elevations.
Evan Yock, Ashley Vigen
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................01 Arrival City/ Migration Past to Present Current Issues Site Orientation 2. MAPPING...........................................................................07 Natural Environment Wind Contoured Elevation Slope Risk Solar Radiation Streams and Rivers Rain Water Runoff Green Space Built Environment Arterial Road Network Programs
4. CASE STUDY........................................................................27 Elevation Density Samples Water Catchment Agricultural Possibilities 5. MESHING...........................................................................33 Subtractive Layers Developed Land Non Build-able Slopes Flood Plains Proposed Expansion Comparing Connectivity Proposed Connectivity Linking Connectivity 6. SITE MODEL.......................................................................43 7. CONCLUSION.....................................................................47
3. INDEXING...........................................................................17 Dangerous Slopes vs. Built Environment Developed Density Web Road Network Road Network Connectivity Road Network to Slope Road Network to Elevation Road Network Intersection Intensities Highway Catchment Roads and Trees
Response to Issues Reviewers Response
INTRODUCTION
Three cities were proposed as cities that will explode in population by 2050 and that will need drastic aid. After examining the three cities in South America, Petare, Venezuela was selected. Petare is a suburb of Caracas, the capital of Venezeula. One week was spent researching and ďŹ nding any sort of information pertaining to the city. The following is a depiction of the conditions in and around the city of Petare as well as an orientation of the city and its surroundings.
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ARRIVAL CITY/ MIGRATION An arrival city can be deďŹ ned as a city that will experience a massive population boom and experience all the problems that go with that. Petare is one of these cities and is already experiencing the detriments of its explosion. The cause of its population increase is largely due to the oil boom that Venezuela is experiencing. The top three origins of migrants are Columbia, Brazil and Guyana, but people come from Africa and Europe as well.
Neighboring Countries Arrival Condition
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PAST TO PRESENT Historically Petare was an agriculture community which dwindled due to rapid urbanization in Caracas from the oil industry. Currently Petare is in large part a massive slum. Immigrants come here because it is cheap to live, but end up not able to leave due to the economic shortcomings.
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CURRENT ISSUES Petare as it exists now has several main problems. Some of these issues include severely lacking infrastructure, economic crisis, violence, lack of jobs and job diversity. Whats more is that the each of these issues tie into another which compounds their impacts. The infrastructure and economic crises go hand in hand for example.
Riots Caused by Lack of Waste Removal
Mudslide Caused by Building on Unstable Steep Hillside
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SITE ORIENTATION Metropolis: Caracas, Venezuela
population- 3.1 million [approx.] pop. density- 7,160 people/sq. km. [approx.]
Arrival City: Petare, Venezuela
population- 1 million [approx.] pop. density- 50,000 people/sq. km. [approx.]
In looking at Caracas we can zoom in one the area outside of the city which is Petare. It is important to note that the population density of Caracas is,7,160 people/sq. km. [approx.] and the density of Petare is 50,000 people/sq. km. which multiplies the density of Caracas seven fold.
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MAPPING
One week was spent doing research and gathering as much information about Petare as possible. There was a major hindrance that was experienced. Petare is one of the most violent places in the world and experiences and average of 52 murders per day, because of this, much of the information we required was very hard to ďŹ nd. Once we found the information we could the mapping phase began. Each category of information was mapped in its own layer in rhinoceros. Much of the information was mapped with simple points with corresponding colors and layers.
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WIND FLOWS This diagram shows the wind directions. In further research this was unnecessary and we ended up not using it in our indexing or ďŹ nal meshing. It is not necessary because wind is not a major factor that affects the built environment.
Average Wind Direction: 6 mph
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CONTOURED ELEVATION Here we see a color gradient depicting the elevation changes within Petare. The black portions represent the lowest elevations. As color grades to a brighter and brighter red the elevation is increasing. On average the highest elevation in the area is about 900 meters and the elevation within Petare varies about 300 meters.
Contours Colored Based on Elevation
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SLOPE RISK Here we see the depiction of any slope 20째 or greater. This is the slope at witch buildings are unsafe to be built on. This eliminates the areas shown in red.
Slope Risk Showing Slopes Greater Than 20 Degrees
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SOLAR RADIATION This is a depiction of the areas with the most and least solar exposure. The blue and purple colors are the areas with the least about of solar exposure whereas the red and yellow with the most.
Solar Radiation of Topography
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WATER SYSTEMS The stream and river catchment and rainfall runoff are examined to conclude where ooding will occur. This is an important aspect because landslides are a major concern when you consider the soil type is clay. Clay is highly unstable when ooded with water and is at high risk for landslide.
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River System
River Floodplains
Rainwater Runoff
Runoff Catchment Area
GREEN SPACE In ďŹ rst image is all of the green spaces in and around Petare. The second image is the green space within the urban fabric. In latter case green space does not necessarily mean parks and gardens. This also incorporates small greenbelts and even just small patches of trees between buildings.
Flora
Urban Green Space
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ARTERIAL ROAD NETWORK One of the more important aspects of a city is its transportation and road networks. Depicted here are the six different levels of road categorization, as well as the result when you layer them all together. The main conclusion that came from this study was that to the left of the main arterial roads the sub arterials are very grid like and organized. Once you move into Petare and examine the slums the roads become much more chaotic and unorganized.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
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Highways Main Arterial Road Network Caracas Sub Arterial Road Network Petare Sub Arterial Road Network Bridges Metro Line
PROGRAMS In each of the following images a different set of programs are called out. In the last image all of the categories are compounded and layered with Petare. This shows what is available in the area as well as what may be missing. As you can see many of the programs are isolated to certain areas which makes accessibility difďŹ cult. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. 1. Urban Nuclei 2. Residential 3. Industrial / Production 4. Civic Services 5. Education / PlayďŹ elds 6. New Construction / Development 7. Buildings Outside Barrio Boundries 8. Barrio Favelas
7.
8.
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INDEXING
Indexing consists of taking the mapped information and comparing them with other layers of information. This is beneďŹ cial because it depicts how two different types of information interact with each other. This information can greatly help in leading us to our ďŹ nal intervention site.
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DANGEROUS SLOPES VS. BUILT ENVIRONMENT Here we see a depiction of the previously depicted slope image and the already built areas. This shows where the already built environment avoids the slopes above 20°. This further amplifies the idea that much of the terrain in Petare is difficult and that degree of slope is an important aspect to take into consideration.
Dangerous Slope Grade Area
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DEVELOPED DENSITY WEB This shows the dramatic change in density from the barrios to the public housing blocks, which needs a successful bridging from one barrio region to another.
Density Web of Route Network and Built Development
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ROAD NETWORK CONNECTIVITY Here we can see the disconnection of the road network connectivity through the middle of the barrio region; where additional connectivity nodes should be added for proper ows of trafďŹ c. The disconnects depicted here are a major problem involving getting from ones neighborhood to their potential work place.
Existing Route Network System
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ROAD NETWORK TO SLOPE This interaction shows that roads don’t extend to extreme slopes. Additionally the roads follow the contours of the hills and then main roads stay at a lower elevation.
Dangerous Slopes Shown on Proximity to Major Roads
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ROAD NETWORK TO ELEVATION This is a depiction showing where roads are required to travel over higher elevations and you can see how the main roads avoid higher elevations.
Road Network Highlighted to Elevation
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INTERSECTION INTENSITIES Road network intersection intensity shows where possible congestion can happen. The Major road intersection intensity shows where major roads break off into slower arterial roads. From this we can see that southern Petare is lacking in major road networks.
Major Road Intersection Intensity
Road Network Intersection Intensity
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HIGHWAY CATCHMENT High way catchment shows access to main roads within 1000 meters. Areas of non-access are shown in orange.
Highway Catchment Shows Proximity to Main Roads
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ROADS AND TREES In this indexing layer we can see that a pattern exists where the urban environment meets with the natural environment. The roadways show opportunity for expansion and the area not marked with roads are open to development.
Shows the Proximity Between the Road Network and the Green Spaces
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Arrival City: Petare, Venezuela
population- 1 million [approx.] pop. density- 50,000 people/sq. km. [approx.]
Neighborhood: Barrio La Cruz
population- 22,250 [approx.] pop. density- 37,000 people/sq. km. [approx.]
CASE STUDY
The case study was conducted in an attempt to zoom into the urban fabric of Petare. Part of the purpose of this was to be able to make mapping every little thing better which was much easier to do on a more intimate scale.
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CONTOURED ELEVATIONS The color shows elevation changes from low to high going from black to red respectively. We can use this information to study how the neighborhoods interact with elevation and what conditions result from different elevations.
Barrio La Cruz with Contours Colored to Elevation
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DENSITY SAMPLES Each sample shows that density and slope are inversely proportional. In this study we concluded that as elevation and slope increases, density decreases.
High building density at the bottom of the hill
High building density mid-way up the hill
Total Area:
105,000 sq. meters
Total Area:
156,250 sq. meters
Building Area:
52,500 sq. meters
Building Area:
83,750 sq. meters
Density:
50%
Density:
53.6%
Medium-low building density moving up the hill
Low building density high on hill
Total Area:
194,375 sq. meters
Total Area:
171,250 sq. meters
Building Area:
53,125 sq. meters
Building Area:
41,875 sq. meters
Density:
27.3%
Density:
24.5%
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WATER CATCHMENT This portion of the study was conducted to measure the quantity of rain caught by the roofs. This water could them be used to irrigate urban agriculture.
Water catchment on rooftops
Light Blue: Dark Blue:
Mallado Los Barrios | Joining Networks Through Urban Agriculture
Greater Roof Catchment Area
Annual Rainfall:
91cm
Rooftop Area:
231,250 sq.m
Annual Collection:
30
Lesser Roof Catchment Area
55,591,700 gallons
AGRICULTURE POSSIBILITIES Coffee: 130-260gallons per acre per year 4 gallons per plant 500-700 plants per acre Each acre can produce 900-1300kg of coffee beans per year
The introduction of urban agriculture will not only provide food to the communities in Petare, but because these crops are in high demand a possibility of export is highly valuable. It will not only give the community an optional source of food but also create a new diversity of jobs.
Cocoa: 110-250 gallons per acre per year 320-800 plants per acre 3 gallons of water per plant Each acre can produce 360-900kg of cocoa beans per year
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MESHIING
The meshing phase was conducted in an effort to aid in our selection of an intervention site. All of our conclusions and indexes were meshed on top of one another which allowed us to logically pick out a site. In many cases the information was not helpful so certain indexes have been discarded in an effort to make our mesh clearer
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SUBTRACTIVE LAYERS Each layer of this mesh helps select the proposed intervention area by compounding different layers of information. Subtracting each layer from the potential buildable area helps create a logical boundary for intervention.
Floodplains
Non Build-able Slopes
Developed Land
Existing Landscape
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DEVELOPED LAND Yellow: Developed Land The highlighted area shows areas that are not open to development. The void spaces are all possible areas for intervention within this layer.
Removal of the Existing Developed Land
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NON BUILD-ABLE SLOPES Red: Slopes greater than 25% The highlighted areas shows areas of dangerous slopes. In this case the highlighted area represents slopes that are too great to safely build on. The void spaces represent areas for possible intervention
Removal of the Non Build-able Slopes
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FLOOD PLAINS The highlighted areas shows areas where ood and erosion should be taken into consideration. The void space represents possible area for intervention.
Removal of the Water Drainage Flood Plains
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PROPOSED EXPANSION After compressing the four proceeding layers our intervention site emerges logically. These areas are safe to build on with regards to build-able slope, potential ood
Proposed Expansion Layer Left Over After Removal Layers
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COMPARING CONNECTIVITY Here we see the existing road networks and connectivity. The density is representative of not only organized developed areas but unorganized dense areas. We can see that there is a lack of connectivity where the population is not as dense. Also, there is no connectivity between barrios where it seems pertinent that they should exist.
Proposed Expansion Area Compared to Existing Road Network Connectivity
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PROPOSED CONNECTIVITY This system helps to solve the connection issues between barrios. The connectivity is arranged in a way that it is not only successful for those living there but also for transportation and service.
Proposed Road Network Connectivity Over the Existing Connectivity
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LINKING CONNECTIVITY This system bridges the natural gaps in the proposed connectivity. By bridging the disconnections in the new organization we can hope to avoid natural detachments that have occurred in the existing
Links Between the Two Connectivity Networks
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Existing Issues Through our research we found that there are a vast majority of issues in Petare, Venezuela. We analyzed these issues and decided that there were several which we could address through a design in urban landscaping.
There were social issues that arrived through our research. There is a lack of infrastructure, a lack of job diversity, and a lack of privatized businesses. We want to propose a plan that will help us to improve the job diversity and bring income to those living in low income areas.
We observed that there were living issues such as intense segregation and a lack of agriculture. Just by looking from a map you can see how segregated the favelas are from the apartments, and the high income housing. Almost all of Petare’s goods come as imports and because of this food shortages and rocket high prices are not uncommon. We want to propose a plan that would allow people to grow their own food and become self sustaining.
Petare is situated in a mountainous area with a topography of intense slopes. This FUHDWHV D GLIƓFXOW WHUUDLQ WR EXLOG DQG OLYH on safely. In addition to this there is an intense rainy season which when paired with the intense slopes causes land VOLGHV DQG ŴRRGV WR RFFXU TXLWH RIWHQ This is a major problem for the favelas as they are situated on the steepest slopes.
InŴuence Based on the issue of reoccurring food shortages we made a decision to incorporate urban agriculture into our project. We searched for examples that were already in place to give us direction. We were able to take inspiration from existing designs around the world. Namba Parks located in Osaka, Japan uses organic forms to create a landscape which combines urban life with natural form making. It appears as though it is growing out of the earth. We want to incorporate this idea of coming from the earth into our design. Urban roof designs are also an aim for our project. Below are two examples of urban agriculture existing in cities.
CULTURE AND LIVING Though there are a lot of issues within Petare, we want to focus on the good aspects found within the culture and livelihood of the people living in this area. The culture found in the markets, the beauty that the favelas contain, the ability to live in high density in the apartment complexes, and VKRSSLQJ FHQWHUV DUH IRXU WKLQJV WKDW ZH ZDQW RXU GHVLJQ WR UHŴHFW ,W LV LPSRUWDQW WR LQFRUSRUDWH WKHVH aspects because we are designing a place of living for those who currently reside here. We wanted to
Market
Favella
Apartment
Shopping
EXITING CONDITIONS This image shows the existing road and developed conditions. Main roadways are highlighted in blue. The barrios are highlighted with an orange outline. Other existing buildings are outlined. Areas which are dark are areas which have not been developed or are undeveloped.
EXITING CONDITIONS
This image is a zoomed in view of Petare. It shows contours and the existing buildings near our prototype area. Contours are set at 30’ steps in elevation.
This image shows our area of focus with existing buildings with our pattern overlaid on top. This pattern was created based on the contours. Contours representing steep slopes are closer together and contours representing shallower slopes are further apart.
PATTERN DEVELOPMENT
This is a diagram of our pattern. It describes how WKH SDWWHUQ LV XVHG WR GLUHFW ŴRZV RI PRYHPHQW %HFDXVH RXU SDWWHUQ LV LQŴXHQFHG E\ WKH VWHHSQHVV of slope, it can be used to analyze where roads and movement of people can and can’t go.
7KH SDWWHUQ LV WKHQ LQĹ´XHQFHG E\ WKLV SURFHVV and as it is overlaid on steep slopes it appears PRUH GHQVH DQG VTXLVKHG $V WKH SDWWHUQ LV LQĹ´XHQFHG E\ VKDOORZ VORSHV LW EHFRPHV expanded and more spacious. You can see in this image where slopes become steep and shallow and where ridges and valleys occur. A
B
C
D
E
F
Image A is an example of the pattern describing a steep slope. The lines running left to right represent lines that follow the contours. These would be considered main road arterials. The shorter lines running up and down are running against the slope. They would be considered connector streets for short distances of travel.
Images D is an example of the pattern describing D VKDOORZ VORSH RU ŴDW SODQH 7KH VKDSH RI WKH pattern at this location is very loose. This means that lines don’t particularly follow contours and main roads and connector roads are allowed WR IROORZ DQ\ OLQH ZLWKLQ WKLV FRQƓJXUDWLRQ
Site Slope Consideration
Areas of slope that are more than 15 degrees in grade are highlighted in a gradient from yellow to red. These are areas that we are excluding from consideration for RXU SRVLEOH LQWHUYHQWLRQ VLWHV $UHD RI WKH Ć“QDO PHVK focus avoid both these steep slopes as well as any prexisting developments.
Pattern Development
After the site reduction of steep slopes and development we are left with these areas that exist withing the global pattern geometry. The circles highlighted in yellow are a representation of the existing topography condition. The larger the area of the represented circles correspond to WKH VWHHSQHVV RI WKH WHUUDLQ 7KH ODUJHVW FLUFOHV EHLQJ WKH ŴDWWHVW JUDGH of slope with the smallest circles representing the steepest slope on the available mesh area.
This image shows the global geometry grid pattern that exists in the meshed area when all other factors of consideration have been removed.
Isolated proposed site for intervention
Withing the available mesh area we further UHĆ“QHG RXU DUHD RI IRFXV E\ VHOHFWLQJ DQ DUHD that provided the most probable and immediate intervention while being implemented as seamlessly as possible into the existing contextual surroundings.
Zoning Development These images show where the existing arterials enter the mesh pattern. The red lines show the shortest and easiest paths to and from each existing arterial through the area of focus. The new pathways create areas of zoning.
Aerial perspectives: Site mesh geometry development
1
2
3
4
5
6 1. Existing context (roads, contours, buildings) 2. Meshed areas of possible site implementation 3. Local implementation of geometry on site 0DMRU 5RDG ŴRZ SDWWHUV IURP H[LVWLQJ URDG &RQQHFWLRQ WKURXJK VLWH GHƓQHG E\ WKH VKRUWHVW SDWK 5. Road systems of intervention site with connection to Existing road network 6. Site green space allocation 7. Site zoning
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Prototype Site
Proposed Road Network Prototype Development Greenspace
Existing Building Typologies Existing Building types found in the surrounding areas of Petare
Existing Typologies I N D U S T R I A L
Road Layout
Building Layout
Existing Building Network
Correlating Road Typologies
Grid System
F A V E L A
A P A R T M E N T
S H O P P I N G
Meandering
Grid System
Main Strip
Through research we found that there were four main types of building typologies. They were industrial, favela, high rise apartment, and shopping. These typologies can be easily spotted on a mapping engine such as Google earth. They are distinctly segregated into zones for each. In our design we propose to combine all types into a single area. We want to reduce distances between functions and provide living, shopping, eating, and business into one easily accessible design. There are a number of industrial districts in Petare. ,QGXVWULDO EXLOGLQJV DUH PRVWO\ ORFDWHG RQ Ĺ´DWWHU SORWV of land and in a grid system. Materials associated with industrial buildings are metal framing with CMU blocks and Corrugated metal roofs. Industry provides most of the jobs in Petare.
Framing with CMU and Corrugated Metal
Brick and Mortar
The favela building typology is found on steep slopes. The form of the favela is meandering and highly dense. Because there are not really any codes set in place for the favela’s, they tend to create their own form. Houses seeming to stack on top of one another, and narrow alleyways connect the few main roads to the houses. Houses in the favelas are mostly made of brick and mortar. This material type is easy to build with and almost anyone is able to do it. There is a rapid expansion of high rise apartment blocks showing up in Petare. Apartment blocks tend towards a grid system. This typology is built with tilt up concrete FRQVWUXFWLRQ EHFDXVH LW LV FKHDS HIƓFLHQW DQG TXLFNO\ built to account for the rapid population expansion which Petare is experiencing. Shopping centers and business centers are not as populous in Petare as the other types of typologies. Shopping centers are located on main strips which carry PDLQ ŴRZV RI WUDIƓF 7KLV W\SH RI W\SRORJ\ LV LPSRUWDQW to petare because they provide income to the area. Shopping centers are usually built of tilt up concrete.
Tilt Up Reinforced Concrete Construction
Modular Construction
The modules represent the individual houses within the Favelas.
Modular construction LV ŴH[LEOH DQG DOORZV for an endless variety of arrangements.
Modular construction gives XV WKH DELOLW\ WR UHŴHFW WKH form and beauty of the surrounding Favelas into our design.
Modular construction is built in a factory on an assembly line.
The units are then brought on site and lifted into place.
Prototype Functions A New Typology Modular Construction Affordable (IƓFLHQW Short Construction Time Flexible Design Options
7KH UHVXOW LV D FRVW HIƓFLHQW DQG DHVWKHWLFDOO\ SOHDVLQJ GHVLJQ
Final Prototype
Floor Diagram
Series shows break down of the complexes structural and programmatic elements. This includes an open street level ŴRRU ZLWK HQFORVHG FRUQHUV DGMDFHQW WR WKH VWUHHWV DOORWHG IRU vertical movement and access to upper levels. The residential units are all uniform footprints other than the corner units which vary in size and shape slightly. The units are approx. 30’ x 40’ and are intended for large family living situations. Adjacent to the residential buildings is a parking facility with public SURJUDPPDWLF HOHPHQWV RQ WKH WRS WZR ŴRRUV %XLOGLQJ FURVV street connection is achieved with sky bridge walkways as well as an open roof connection on the top two levels. The inner ring roof connection intended as a privatized residents connection, while the top roof space is a public and communal interaction space that extends beyond this complex to connect seamlessly to the other proposed communal developments.
Elevation
Section
Cross sectional cut showing the residential units DQG WKH VKDUHG FRUULGRU VSOLWWLQJ WKH ŴRRU DUHD RQ either side. Street Level Floor is open with exposed structure to allow for a transparent communal interaction area.
6HFWLRQ VKRZLQJ WKH ŴRRU OHYHOV DQG UHVLGHQWLDO XQLW GLYLVLRQ Vertical movement through the complex is highlighted in orange showing the adjacency to the through street allowing for easy access to the rooftop system from the ground level.
Vertical Movement From Street Level To Public Rooftop Area
The lower section depict the cross street complex connection of sky bridges and also the rooftop connection to the secondary residential complex across the street.
Section Cuts
Public Rooftop Cross Street Connection Section
Site Zoning and Programmatic Relationship This linear site prototype exists on a ridge atop the highest elevation in the surrounding region of east Pertare. The highest elevation point on site exists in the middle of the prototype. Mix-use residential and business buildings occupy the middle portions of the prototype community with the building heights extruded to 2 stories above ground. Ground level access to roof-space will be located in these middle zones, where the ground to rooftop distance is the least. Ramps from ground to roof levels will be located in these zones.
The site is anchored by 2 high density residential complexes located at either end of the site. Facilities adjacent to the anchors include business, commercial, civic, and parking programs. Anchor complexes are between 6-7 stories. Continuous rooftop connection is achieved through the site by extruding the roof heights to a shared elevation above the topography, despite the variation in footprint elevation throughout the site that ranges 40’.
Connected Public Rooftop Space
Permeable Rooftop Green Space
High Density Residential Complex
Open Rooftop Undercover Areas
Street Level Mix Use: Small business, residential
Parking Garages
Commercial / Retail Centers
Proposed Road System
Rooftop Perspective
Programmatic circulation and movement Pedestrian Highway
Market
Community Garden
Shopping and Leisure
Family Living
Workplace
Community Free Space
Future Development and Conclusions
)XWXUH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI URRI VFDSH SURJUDP DOORFDWLRQV DQG GHWDLO ZLOO GUDZ LQĹ´XHQFH IRU VWXGLHV DQG H[DPSOHV The implementation of rooftop gardens and agricultural zones will detail the roof-scape space. Integration of greenVSDFH DQG VXVWDLQDEOH GHVLJQ WHFKQLTXHV ZLOO UHLQWURGXFH WKLV SURWRW\SH LQWR D PRUH IRUHVHHDEOH SURSRVDO WKDW ZLOO LQĹ´XHQFH FRPPXQDO LQWHUDFWLRQ
$GGUHVVLQJ TXHVWLRQV DQG VXJJHVWLRQV How many people do you see living here – what is the density and the scale? Residential units: approx. 1500 units throughout site. This translates to approx.. 6000 people living in this community. 1HLJKERULQJ EDUULR FRQGLWLRQV WKDW H[LVW DUH W\SLFDOO\ SHRSOH SHU VT IW EXLOGLQJ IRRWSULQW 3URWRW\SH UHVLGHQWLDO XQLW IRRWSULQW VT IW LQWHQGHG IRU UHVLGHQWV This residential footprint population density ratio is multiplied by 6 or 7 for the stacked levels of the medium rise building. 7KLV GHQVLƓFDWLRQ RI SRSXODWLRQ SHU IRRWSULQW ZLOO DOOHYLDWH GHQVLW\ LVVXHV ZKLOH DOVR SURYLGLQJ RSHQ VSDFH DQG RWKHU program function on the space allocated for the roofscape which is otherwise non existent in the barrio condition of neighboring favelas.
SEPTA principals: A reduction of tight corridors and isolated paths that are disconnected from the public will serve to reduce undetectable crime and criminal intent. By combining residential units into multi-story complexes, we are utilizing shared unit walls and reallocating openspace RQ WKH WRS DQG ERWWRP SXEOLF OHYHOV 7KLV ZLOO UHVXOW LQ DQ LQFUHDVHG EXLOGLQJ HIĆ“FLHQF\ DV ZHOO DV D LQFRUSRUDWLQJ PRUH public and communal surveillance holding one another more accountable towards criminal behavior.
SITE MODEL
The site model was created to depict several layers all in one. The ďŹ rst layer is the gray depicting the sub arterial layers, the next being the white depicts the main arterial roads. The top layer shows our proposed intervention area and connections.
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Physical Modeling Site model depicting the abstract site geometries and existing topography and road network conditions. Red road representation showing the proposed road network implementation with the existing roads in white. Black massing representing the extruded building geometries. White connection layer depicts the rooftop circulation and connection throughout the prototype site.
IN PROGRESS The process was as follows: 1.
Laser cut contours/spacers and assembled
2.
Cut piano wire to 3” pieces
3.
Placed rods in place using a map from rhino
4.
Trimmed rods to 1”above contour and glued them in
5.
Strung gray layer with a single strand and discovered you couldn’t see it
6.
Re strung gray layer with 3-4 more strands
7.
Strung white
8.
Placed intervention rods
9.
Strung red
Laying Down Glue for Topography Strips
Metal Dowels Before Strings are Added
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Mallado Los Barrios | Joining Networks Through Urban Agriculture
Applying Topography Strip to Base
COMPLETED Final model showing road network arterial connections along with proposed intervention connections.
Major and Sub-arterial Roads Completed
Proposed Connectivity
Plan View of Completed Model
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CONCLUSION
After the analysis of the area of focus both on the city and neighborhood scales, the deciding factors were identiďŹ ed. This included highlighting the existing infrastructure that was shaped by site topography and regional conditions as well as the poorly structured areas that lacked the demanded improvements towards social, economic, and civic issues.
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RESPONSE TO ISSUES
Main guiding issues to be addressed: Lack of natural green space and agriculture due to dense urban expansion and over population Insufficient water supply and removal Poor route structure and road connectivity that fails to accommodate transportation efficiency needed for the population density Proposed prototype solutions: Rooftop utilization for green space and rainwater catchment Community Agricultural implementation to improve food production, in response to inflation on imported goods Bridging gaps in existing route system to alleviate transportation congestion and to improve travel efficiency while adhering to environmental constraints of slope, elevation, and natural waterways
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Mallado Los Barrios | Joining Networks Through Urban Agriculture
Further prototype areas will be designed for implementation in areas available for new expansion, outlined by the removing areas of development, dangerous slope, and flood pain catchment regions.
REVIEWERS RESPONSE
Our intervention implementation will occur in areas that are suitable for further development. It will not occur in any are that already has existing development. A major reason for not introducing a reorganization of the existing barrios is because the mapping and specific information available is severally limited due to the density of the population and the small-scale area they exist in. Further analysis of these areas past the level that we have done would prove unreliable, i.e. the mapping of route connectivity and program within the inner communities of the barrios. However the issues that exist in the barrios are well documented and should be a deciding factor towards new expansion and These issues fueled an uncertainty of the direction of our projects intension and area of intervention. development. We did introduce the specific barrio, La Cruz, as a focus of deeper analysis on the condition of these barrios. At this point our intention was to analyze the condition of developed density towards elevation change. We also included proposed examples of solutions towards impeding issues such as the lack of fresh water supply and agricultural abundances. These solutions were meant to be examples of the impact that these implementation systems could have on a community but these were not proposed as direction for our intervention on this neighborhood. A suggestion was brought up to address the issue of the transitioning between the city and the neighborhood scales and the classification of the “barrio” by name. Confusion arose when introducing these high-density clusters of residential housing communities as barrios (meaning neighborhood) as well as favelas, which comes with a negative connotation. This was because the local population refers to these communities as barrios but an outside perspective would be better informed towards the visual condition of these areas by the term favela.
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