F. Abouelenien Environmental Portfolio

ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO

SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS FARAH ABOUELENIEN

TABLE OF CONTENT

SECTION 00 | INTRODUCTION

> About me

> My carbon and ecological footprint

> Cote Introduction spreadsheet

SECTION 01 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR INTEGRATION

> Project Introduction

> Integrated Design

> Climate Analysis

> Cote Super Spreadsheet-Design For Integration

SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING: DES IGN FOR EQUITABLE COMMUNITIES

> Regional information

> Site analysis

> Cote Design for Equitable Communities spreadsheet

SECTION 03 | CLIMATE CONSULTANT CHART

> Solar shading chart

> psychrometric chart

> 2030 Palette impactful stratgies

SECTION 04 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

> Ecology in the project

> Cote design for Ecology spreadsheet

SECTION 05 | COTE BULDING: DESIGN FOR WATER

> Cote super spreadsheet- Design for Water

SECTION 06 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

> Circulation

> Materiality

> Daylight Heatmap

> Night time Heatmap

> RS Means results

> Cote super spreadsheet- Design for Economy

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-9 10-12 13 14-15 16 17 18 19 20-23 24 25 26 27 28 29

SECTION 07 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR ENERGY

> Cote super spreadsheet- Design For Energy

SECTION 08 | TALLY- LIFE STAGE STUDY

> Concrete

> Timber SECTION 09 | EC3

> Concrete

> Timber

> Project results

> USGBC LA Building

SECTION 10 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR WELLNESS

> Cote super spreadsheet- Design for Wellness

SECTION 11 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR CHANGE

> Cote super spreadsheet- Design for Change

SECTION 12 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR RESOURCES

> Cote super spreadsheet- Design for Resources

SECTION 13 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR DISCOVERY

> Cote super spreadsheet- Design for Discovery

SECTION 14 | COTE BUILDING: SUMMARY AND RESULTS

SECTION 16 | WINDOW TO WALL RATIO

SECTION 17 | DAYLIGHT PATTER GUIDE

SECTION 18 | BIBLIOGRAPHY

30-31 32-33 34-35 36-38 39-41 42-43 44-45 46 47 48-49 50 52-55 56 57-58 59

Farah Abouelenien

FROM Cairo, Egypt

CURRENT LOCATION Natick, MA

EDUCATION

MASTERS IN ARCHITECTURE

CANDIDATE | 2021-2023 Boston, MA USA

BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING TECHNOLOGY | 2015-2020 German University in Cairo, Egypt

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Architectural Designer | 2 years

LANGUAGES

Arabic, English, Turkish, German, French INTERESTS

Acting, painting, playing music

I am a Bachelor of Architecture and Building Technology graduate. Obtained my degree from The German University in Cairo, Egypt. Currently perusing my Masters degree in Architecture from The Boston Architectural College. I am eager and interested in expanding my knowledge and experience in the field of architecture through being exposed to different project types and practices.

MY CARBON AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

According to the carbon footprint calculator, my household’s current annual carbon emission is estimated to be 107,674 lbs which is slightly less than the U.S. average which is estimated to be 112,995 for a household of 5.

These results were surprising to me as it is insane how small changes in the use of electricity and waste recycling can make such a big impact on our environment.

According to the ecological footprint analysis, my personal earth overshoot day is 04.2.2022. This basically means that if everyone lived like me, by this date we would have used as much from nature as Earth can renew in an entire year. We would need 4 earths as well which is shocking as according to estimations, the average U.S result is 5 earths.

The fact that we only have one earth that we are forcing to hold and maintain the life

style of people that would normally fit more than 10 earths is sad and is definite that we need to act on that now to be able to make changes that would sustain our earth for future generations.

Image from Ecological Footprint

Image from Ecological Footprint

Image from Carbon Footprint Calculator

THE GREEN GRID

PROJECT LOCATION

Stuttgart,Germany

ABOUT THE PROJECT

The project takes place in the realm of Nordbahnhof. As the building is located between the old housing neighborhood of Nordbahnhof and the new Stuttgart 21 project, the location is challenging in terms of finding a prudent answer to the juxtaposition of the diverse neighborhoods and infrastructure of the surrounding.

CATEGORY Mixed Use Housing

BUILDING AREA 37674 SF

NTEGRATED DESIGN

This project’s theme was living+ Urban farming. This project was perceived as a gateway of experiencing the theme and as an introduction to a very needed typology that is starting to become more and more known by people in today’s epoch. As based on researches of many different resources, By the year 2050 the population of the world will be approximately about 9.8 billion, Urbanization will continue at an accelerated pace, and about 70 percent

of the world will be urban areas which means that the food production should increase significantly as well however, this urbanism will result in the decrease of the agricultural land percentage significantly ,so through this approach of using green architecture, this project proposes a solution for this dilemma.

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Stuttgart,Germany

ALL IMAGES FROM WEATHER

Average temperature Chances of Precipitation

Wind Analysis

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET- DESIGN FOR INTEGRATION

REGIONAL INFORMATION

STUTTGART, GERMANY

DENSITY

POPULATION BY AGE | UNDER 15

FIGURE 1

FORIEGN POPULATION

POPULATION BY AGE | 65 AND OVER

REGIONAL INFORMATION

STUTTGART, GERMANY

TWO PERSON HOUSEHOLD ANALYSIS

Stuttgart’s population as of December 2021 is 630,305. Density: 7900/sq mi.

The site context is historic brick buildings with a maximum of three stories height. However, the city is undergoing some big projects that would transform the city’s future to a more sustainable and developed place. Among Stuttgart’s key landmarks there are some very old, such as the Stiftskirche (Collegiate Church) –Württemberg’s first Gothic-

style Romanesque basilica, originally constructed between 1276 and 1293. The impressive Altes Schloss (Old Castle), dating from the 10th century, once served as a residence for the Counts and Dukes of Württemberg; now home to the Landesmuseum. The hall-type, Gothic-style Leonhardskirche (Leonard’s Church) is Stuttgart’s second oldest church, first built in 1337. Some of the local materials are: wood, steel, and brick.

AVERAGE INCOME

IMAGE OFCOST OF LIVING IN STUTTGART FROM PATULATOR

SITE ANALYSIS

WALKABILITY

GROUND USE PLAN

SITE ANALYSIS

BUILDING HEIGHTS PUBLIC- PRIVATE- NON FLAT AREAS

The project acts as a buffer zone between the past and the future in its context. It proposes a new way of living through incorporating urban farming and residential units in one building as a solution for the decreased agricultural land percentage due to urban sprawl. The materials used for this building are wood for structure, glass, and brick for units. These are regionally found materials. It also incorporates the idea of communal space to help strengthen one’s capital

network. The urban farming excess is then sold by the residents with acts as an additional source of income.

The Materials used are all locally found materials. Structure is wood, and the facades are double glazed glass.

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR EQUITABLE COMMUNITIES

SOLAR SHADING CHART

NORTH FACADE

Since the north facade isn’t exposed to uncomfortable sunlight there is no shading devices needed for this side of the building. Through looking at the chart, it’s concluded that hours of shading throughout different tempratures is significntly more that exposed hours

SOUTH FACADE

The weather in Stuttgart, Germany is mostly cloudy through out the year, therefore this facade doesn’t need shading devices as if any are added alot of the comfort degrees would be missed. This desicion was made taking into consideration the psychological effect on residesints.

SOLAR SHADING CHART

EAST FACADE

Taking into consideration the gloomy, rainy, cloudy weather in Stuttgart most of the year and how that could effect people psychologicaly, the desicion of not using shading on the east side facade was taken especialy that through the chart I was able to see that the amount of sunlight that could be uncomfortable is mainly in August.

WEST FACADE

Looking at the west facade of the buiding, this facade is only exposed to only 15 hours of warm/hot weather so the decision of not adding shading to this facade was taken as well.

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

BEST DESIGN STRATEGIES CHART

This chart shows the strategies that could be implemented in the design to reach 100% of indoor comfort. The biggest strategy is Heating, adding Humidification if needed which is a 64.3% followed by Internal Heat Gain which takes 24.5% of the total percentage.

COMFORT ZONE

This chart revels the amount of indoor comfort during the year if no strategies are implemented throughout the design. The comfortable indoor is only 6% which urges the architects to be very climate aware when designing any project in the area.

2030 PALETTE IMPACTFUL STRATGIES

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

Orientation of the building plays a crucial part in achieving in door comfort. Therefore, orienting the building’s glass facades to face the most sun through out the year is important to reach indoor comfort. Uncomfortable sun rays can be blocked using vegetation.

INSULATION

Because of the weather conditions , extra insulation is needed to prevent heat loss indoors to achieve a uniform comfortable temperature, it might be more costeffective during the building’s life cycle.

DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

The project’s location is in Rosensteinstraße,Stuttgart, Germany. The building is located between the old housing neighborhood of Nordbahnhof and the new Stuttgart 21 project, which is a railway and urban development project in North of Stuttgart. It is a part of the Stuttgart-Augsburg new and upgraded railway and the Magistral for Europe ( Paris- Vienna) in the framework of the trans-European networks.

Its core is a renewed Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof, amongst some 57 kilometers (35 miles) of the new railway, including some 30 kilometers (19 miles) of tunnels and 25 kilometers (16 miles) of high-speed lines. With all its technologies and developments, the site can be perceived as the buffer-zone between the present and the future.

The area‘s architecture is mostly made of bricks which is a locally produced material. The project‘s structure is based on wood as it is a regional material.

SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR WATER

The project has two sources of water, the first one is collecting rain water that is stored in tanks and then re-pumped into the building for irrigation. The second source is recycled gray water. Both water sources are stored underground. Native plants are integrated into the design as well.

These results are estimated for the gal/sf/ yr that are used in the building through out the year.

SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR WATER

COTE DUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR WATER

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR WATER

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

CIRCULATION

This project’s circulation area including the cores, outside circulation, and corridors in all five floors equals 14,703.5 sqft which is 15% from the over all sqft of the building. The outside circulation has green pockets that residents can set in and enjoy the view.

The core is located to cover a radius of 30 meters for emergency egress.

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

BUILDING MATERIALITY

The material used in the building construction are glue-laminated timber for the main column and beam structure, bricks for solid walls, and double glazed glass for the main facades. The cost estimations for the materials used in construction are according to the material prices reports conducted by the government each year. Total construction cost is estimated at 5,861,957$.

1. GLUE-LAMINATED TIMBER

Glued Laminated Wood (Gluelam) is a structural material manufactured through the union of individual wood segments. When glued with industrial adhesives (usually Melamine or Polyurethane resin adhesives), this type of wood is highly durable and moisture resistant, capable of generating large pieces and unique shapes. The cost of Gluelam in Stuttgart is estimated at 65-90$/sqft.

2. BRICKS

Bricks are used in the solid walls in the buildings as separation walls between the residential units for privacy . According to the price reports conducted by the government, the price of bricks/sqft is estimated at 30$/sqft. Brick is a local material produced in Stuttgart.

3. DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS

Double glazed glass is used in the main facades for the units, most of the units have 2 glass facades, one has street view and the other one overlooks the urban farming areas in the building.

The cost estimation for the double glazed glass is estimated at 30-40$/ sqft

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

DAY HEAT MAP

During day time, people are frequently using the faming areas, and the outside circulation pockets. Users are not only residents, but also includes visitors and neighbors. The use of the residential units is low as people are either in their work or in the farming areas.

LEGEND

High Users Intensity Moderate Users Intensity Low Users Intensity

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

NIGHT HEAT MAP

During night time users are mostly using there apartments and the use of the communal spaces and the farming areas are very low.

LEGEND

High Users Intensity Moderate Users Intensity Low Users Intensity

SUPER SPEADSHEET- DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

According to RS Means Data, the construction benchmark per sf is 155.6$ and that is less that the estimated actual construction cost in the table which is 228.07$. The building cost is estimated to be 5,861,957.74$ which significantly less than the cost of concrete construction

10 IMAGES FROM RS MEANS SECTION 06 | COTE BUILDING: DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

CALCULATOR

COTE SUPER SPEADSHEET- DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

For this project the use of renewable energy produced from on roof PV cells that collect energy from sun light covering a percentage of the electricity usage as well as the reuse of rain water that is collected under ground for irrigation along the building and the site contributes in overall cost reduction per year.

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR ENERGY

According to the Cote spreadsheet, the project is has significantly lower CO2 emission per year that what is estimated.

The energy consumption per year is less that the average use in the US and that is due to the design techniques used for heating and cooling with in the building that makes the relay on ACs very minimal.

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET -

DESIGN FOR ENERGY

The predicted energy consumption of the building from electricity grid is 491,348 KBtu/yr. Distributing that amount across the year’s months, it is estimated that the consumption for each month is around 12,000 to come to a total of 491,348 KBtu/ yr.

The on site generation of the building is estimated at around 8,530 KBtu per month and a total of 102,364 KBtu/yr. This on site estimation is made based on the PV cells

on the buildings roof and the exposure of the building to the sun.

The total operational carbon emission calculation per EPA scope I and II based on grid electricity consumption is predicted at 58,082 kg-CO2e/yr, and measured at 59,881 kg-CO2e/yr.

TALLY- LIFE STAGE STUDY.

CONCRETE VS TIMBER Concrete

This analysis demonstrates raw material extraction, processing, intermediate transportation and manufacturing environmental impact per life cycle stage. In the case of using concrete as the main structure , the global warming potential throughout the life cycle of the building is heavily influenced by product stage (A1A3) which is calculated at 61%.

TALLY- LIFE STAGE STUDY.

CONCRETE VS TIMBER

Concrete

This life cycle stage analysis is itemized by construction divisions which examines the relative global warming potential for each chosen assembly material, in this case is concrete, concrete reinforcement, and carpet flooring. Product A1-A3 stage contributes the most in global warming potential by 46%.

TALLY- LIFE STAGE STUDY.

CONCRETE VS TIMBER Timber

Looking at the analysis that demonstrates raw material extraction, processing, intermediate transportation and manufacturing, timber in comparison to concrete, the environmental impacts of the wood is drastically less than concrete through out the life cycle of the building. The global warming potential is estimated to be at the End of life stage which is contributing 74%.

TALLY- LIFE STAGE STUDY.

CONCRETE VS TIMBER Timber

This life cycle stage analysis is itemized by construction divisions which examines the relative global warming potential for each chosen assembly material in comparison to concrete, in this case is Gluelam, and vinyl flooring. End of life stage contributes the most in global warming potential again by 57%.

CONCRETE Concrete

These chart are comparing manufactures of concrete, comparing plants, and comparing the differences between certain products based on their CO2 EPD.

This chart compares the local manufacturers of concrete. The results average between 200-400 kgCO2e/1 yrd3

BY MANUFACTURER

Concrete

This chart compares the local concrete by plant. The results average between 228-431 kgCO2e/1 yrd3 across the manufacturers.

BY PLANT

PLANT

CONCRETE

Concrete

This chart compares the top six manufacturers of concrete. The results average between 224-458 kgCO2e/1 yrd3 across the manufacturers.

BY PRODUCT CHART

These chart are comparing manufactures of timber, comparing plants, and comparing the differences between certain products based on their CO2 EPD

This chart compares the local manufacturers of concrete. The results average between 75-259 kgCO2e/1 yrd3

BY MANUFACTURER CHART

TIMBER Timber

This chart compares the local GlueLaminated timber by plant. The results average between 75-259 kgCO2e/1 yrd3 across the manufacturers.

PLANT BY PLANT CHART

Timber

This chart compares the top six manufacturers of Glue-Laminated timber. The results average between 75-259 kgCO2e/1 yrd3 across the manufacturers.

BY PRODUCT CHART

PROJECT RESULTS

GWP SANSKEY CHART

According to the GWP Sanskey Chart, the estimated EC value is 36% for this building

.

PROJECT RESULTS

LEED BAR CHART

This chart shows the impacts of products categories required to be reported for LEED certification

USGBC LA BUILDING RESULTS

GWP SANSKEY CHART

According to the GWP Sanskey Chart, the estimated EC value is 47% for this building. In comparison to the Green Grid project, there is a 10% difference in the EC estimated conservation.

USGBC LA BUILDING RESULTS

LEED BAR CHART

This chart shows the impacts of products categories required to be reported for LEED certification for USGBC LA Building. The building’s results as demonstrated as a comparison to the Green Grid project.

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR WELLNESS

The residential units in the building are assumed to be mostly occupied through out the year. Since one of the main concepts of the building is urban farming, all units have views to green spaces inside and around the building. Three out of four facades in each unit are glass which provide maximum indirect sunlight in space making daylight area percentage 106%. it is very high performance controlled building as well so residents have full control over the lights in their units.

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR CHANGE

Before the design of the building, all hazards were investigated and taken into consideration. The building has PV cells collecting solar energy that is then reused as a full back up energy system for the building in cases of emergency.

The life span of the building is 200 based on the structure of the building which is timber.

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR RESOURCES

To Calculate the embodied carbon of the building, Tally was used to estimate the amount per year according to the materials used in the building’s design. The predicted amount of kg-CO2e/yr is 45,981.8. Some of the waste on site form excavation was recycled in bricks, and recycled sand is used in the manufacturing of the double glazed glass.

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR RESOURCES

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR DISCOVERY

The assumption of monitoring of the building performance is taken into consideration to better the usage of the building and these info are shared with professionals and residents to be aware of the technologies and the experiments to better future applications.

COTE SUMMARY AND RESULTS

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET SUMMARY

The summary of the cote spreadsheet demonstrates the percentages achieved in the project through each measure in the 10 design measures.

The most applicable areas to the project were Design for Community, Ecology, Wellness and Change. The other measures where not applicable 100% but it was very interesting to see how the design could change when meeting certain criteria in design measures.

WINDOW TO WALL RATIO CALCULATIONS

Due to the shading structure, the walls of the units are glass . for the purpose of the assignment it is estimated that 40% of each the wall is solid. The opening dimensions are 3x5. No doors are on the facades.

East wall WWR is 40%

West Wall WWR is 37%

North Wall WWR is 48%

South Wall WWR is 45%

EAST WWR

Area of east wall without openings= 126x98= 12,348 sqft

Area of east wall windows= 4,949 sqft

WEST WWR

Area of east wall without openings= 126x98= 12,348 sqft

Area of east wall windows= 4569 sqft

NORTH WWR

Area of east wall without openings= 126x98= 28,224 sqft

Area of east wall windows= 13,724 sqft

SOUTH WWR

Area of east wall without openings= 126x98= 28,224 sqft

Area of east wall windows= 12,917 sqft

COURTYARD TYPOLOGY

Marshall-Field Wholesale Building

Location: Chicago, IL 1891-1930

Architect: H.H. Richardson

Floor Plate Area: 9940 sf

Perimeter Length: 620 ft

Max. Dist. to Perimeter: 23 ft

Percentage of Area Within 20’ of a Window: 96%

COURTYARD TYPOLOGY

My project’s typology is a courtyard typology where it has three courtyard along the plan to allow light to all the residential units and the farming areas distributed along the building

The Marshall-Field Wholesale Building, designed in 1890, was a very large building for its time. It covered the majority of a city block in Chicago and rose to seven stories. Despite its imposing scale, the functional aspects of the project were more nuanced. A central courtyard allowed for all areas of the interior to be illuminated from two sides, and created a thin plan that ensured that no portion of the building was more than 23 ft from a window. Beyond this, the floors consisted of open loft spaces facilitating the interreflection of light within the structure and balanced brightness across the section of the space.

DAYLIGHTING PATTERN GUIDE

PATTERN 2- 75% GLAZING AREA

A horizontal band of windows at 75% percent of the wall area (nearly 100% of the interior wall area) provides daylight illumination that meets or exceeds commonly accepted minimum daylight illumination criteria at more than 90 percent of the adjacent 26’-0” section. Minimal contrast remains between the interior surfaces and the glazing, and the brightness of the “back” wall (at left) provides a balance of brightness across the section.

This Pattern is the closest to my project’s glazing, however the sun exposure is not as intense as the project has an over head structure that provide shading for the glazing and assures interior comfort for users.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. ArcGIS-Map Viewer. Accessed March 10, 2022. https://thebac.maps.arcgis.com/apps/ mapviewer/index.

2. Carbon Footprint Calculator . EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1, 2015. https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/.

3. Climate Consultant (Version 6). Software Informer. Accessed March 16, 2022. https:// climate-consultant.informer.com/6.0/.

4. Cost of Living in Stuttgart, Prices and What It Is like to Live for an Expat, Quality of Life / Hardship, and Compare Cost of Living for Expatriates as at January 2022. Germany, Stuttgart - Cost of Living. Accessed February 22, 2022. https://www.xpatulator.com/costof-living-review/Germany-Stuttgart_399.cfm.

5. Ecological Footprint Calculator. Accessed February 26, 2022. https://www. footprintcalculator.org/home/en.

6. Weatherspark.com. Stuttgart Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Germany) - Weather Spark. Accessed February 22, 2022. https://weatherspark. com/y/63788/Average-Weather-in-Stuttgart-Germany-Year-Round.

7. “Environmental Consulting Group Inc..” EC3. Accessed February 1, 2022. http://ec3grp. com/.

8. Tally. Accessed May 1, 2022. https://choosetally.com/.

9. Calculate construction cost per square foot in your zip code with Rsmeans Data. RSMeans Construction Cost Database. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2022, from https://www. rsmeans.com/estimating-square-foot-cost