WORK
/
LAY SLEEP
TOIL
surface CREATE
bed REST
desk TINKER
table LABOR
stand
couch RELAX
hammock MEDITATE
rug
FERNANDO FELIX/DANIEL FRUM ADDITIONAL RESEARCH BY RYANN LOUIE
EARLY
BED, EGYPT, (WOOD) 2960–2770 BCE
ROMAN LITTER 1000 BCE-500 CE
D ((B BEEECH ECH W WOOD OOD)),, F FROM ROM A GO OKSTAD KSTAD S SHIP HIP, NO ORWAY RWAY BEED 10 1 0TTH H CE ENTURY NTURY
CLASSICAL
WORK TABLE, MOERS, GERMANY 1500 SICKLE-LEAF CARPET, SOUTHEAST PERSIA EARLY 17TH CENTURY
GLOUCHESTER OAK TESTER ROPE BED 17TH CENTURY MECHANICAL TABLE, JEAN HENRI RIESENER, FRANCE 1734-1806
MODERN
FOUR-POSTER BED,
1900 ARTIST’S EASEL, FRANCE 1890
CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH
E1027 TABLE BY EILEEN GRAY, IRELAND 1900-1945 TOGO BED/LOVESEAT BY MICHAEL DUCAROY 1900-1945
MODERN
MAHARAJA INDORE'S BED BY SOGNOT 1930-1932 BARCELONA COUCH BY MIES VAN DER ROHE 1930
TABLE BY NOGUCHI 1945-1965 DESK BY FINN JUHL 1953
CONTEMPORARY RARY
SALVAGED WOOD DESK BY MEYER WELLS 2013 OAK BOX JOINT WORK TABLE 2013
BALCONY TABLE,
MICHAEL HILGERS, GERMANY 2013
CONTEMPORARY
DOC SOFA BUNK BED UNIT (WOODEN SLATTED BASE, FULLY REMOVABLE AND WASHABLE COVERS) 2013 TABLE BY
2013
SRULI RECHT, ICELAND (CARDBOARD)
VOYAGE BED (ABACA; AKA MANILA HEMP, STEEL, NYLON) 2013
SOURCES EARLY Egyptian bed Roman litter Norwegian bed
http://www.metmuseum.org/collections/search-the-collections/551048 http://www.vroma.org/~araia/images/romanlitter_sketch.jpg http://www.livinghistory.co.uk/homepages/oakley/images/bedplan1.gif
CLASSICAL Work table Persian carpet Glouchester bed Mechanical table
http://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2012_01_01_archive.html http://largerugscarpets.com/large-rugs/rugs/most_expensive_antique_rug.jpg http://www.platformbeds.com/assets/images/testerbed.jpg http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/h2/h2_33.12.jpg
MODERN Four-poster bed Artist’s easel E1027 table TOGO bed Maharaja bed Barcelona Couch Noguchi table Finn Juhl desk
http://www.boumbang.com/charles-rennie-mackintosh/ http://shard4.1stdibs.us.com/archivesE/upload/8789/17_14/1126548/1126548/1126548_l.jpg http://dwr.scene7.com/is/image/DWR/PD_21296_MAIN?$large$ http://www.stylepark.com/db-images/cms/ligneroset/img/l2_p242582_488_336-6.jpg http://aestheticusrex.blogspot.com/2013/02/second-jazz-screen-emerges-in-charity.html http://www.knoll.com/product/barcelona-couch http://www.liketheoriginal.com/image/cache/data/Products/ct3001-ash.black-pic1-1100x1100.jpg http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0051/9342/products/9679241_grande.jpeg?v=1369406483
CONTEMPORARY Box joint table Salvaged desk Balcony table Sofa bunk bed Cardboard table Voyage bed
http://www.crateandbarrel.com/sentry-ii-oak-68-work-table/s403989 http://www.meyerwells.com/furniture/modernroots/strapdesk/ http://www.architectureoflife.net/en/hidden-balcony-balkonzept/ http://www.bonbon.co.uk/clei/doc.htm http://inhabitat.com/portable-flat-pack-cutting-table-from-liborius-reykjavik/ http://www.kennethcobonpue.com/uploads/items_gallery/Voyage_Bed_01_web.jpg
FURNITURE TAXONOMY WORK Dynamic/ Multi-use
Visible Construction Methods
Transportable
LAY Dynamic/ Multi-use
Visible Construction Methods
Protective/ Enclosed
ROMAN LITTER Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material Function # Legs
Lay Rome Dynamic 1000 BCE Wood Carry Royalty 4
80”
40”
75”
NORWEGIAN BED Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material Function # Legs
Lay Norway Static 10th Century Wood (Beech) Bed 4
80” 60” 30”
MEDIEVAL BED Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material Function # Legs
80”
Lay France Static 1000-1500 Wood Bed 4
60”
70”
MECHANICAL TABLE Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material Function # Legs
Work France Dynamic 1778 Oak, Bronze, Steel, Iron, Brass Reading 4
45” 36” 28”
OAK WORK TABLE Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material Function # Legs
28”
Work USA Static 2013 White Oak Professional 2
55”
30”
BALCONY BOX Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material
Function # Legs
Work Germany Dynamic 2013 Waterproof Recyclable Polyethylane Table, Flowerbox, Work Surface None
24” 14”
24”
CARDBOARD TABLE Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material Function # Legs
Work Iceland Dynamic 2008 Cardboard Draw, Cut 8
60”
36”
48”
SOFA/BUNKBED Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material
Function # Legs
Lay UK Dynamic 2011 Iron, Wood, Nylon, Polyurethane Couch, Bed 2
35” 37”
80”
VOYAGE BED Category Place Static/Dynamic Time Color Material Function # Legs
Lay Philippines Static 2003 Abaca, Steel Bed NONE
81”
60”
80”
MATERIAL STUDIES
TRANSFORMATIVE: FORMING In order to emulate the form of the Balcony Box, we experimented with Taskboard, a paper product that when wet and placed in a mold, will hold the form once dry
8.66
1.77
2.77
To create a complex set of curves similar to the surface of the Balcony Box, we designed, cut, and configured a waffle form to hold the wet Taskboard until it dries into the chosen form.
1.77 10.63”
TRANSFORMATIVE: WEAVING We drew from the Voyage Bed as a source of inspiration, which uses woven Abaca has a skin (there is a steel structure underneath). This study’s purpose was to explore to the strengths and flexibility of a fabric-like weaving in material.
ADDITIVE: WAFFLE Cardboard can be an extremely strong material and a wae structure only adds to its robustness. By creating a grid of horizontal and vertical pieces, the form is able to resist greater tension and compression forces.
SUBTRACTIVE: CNC ROUTING CNC Routing requires very precise measurements because its movements are computer-generated X,Y, and Z coordinates. While this accuracy is often a very helpful aspect of using the machinery, it is easy to cut dimensions too close. This is especially true of clearances between routed objects that must then ďŹ t together.
ADDITIVE: BOX JOINT The simplicity of the box joint can be deceiving - it takes a good degree of preparation in order make the correct cut. The ďŹ rst necessary step is to install a wider dado blade on the tablesaw. Dado blades can cut kerfs up to several inches wide. In the case of this particular work table, the width of the box joint matches the width of the legs and tabletop, creating a nicely cohesive detail.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND My first exploration into bed frame design was a project using very basic means (chop-saw and hand drill) and materials (construction-grade softwood). The end-result was overly structured and cumbersome. Construction-grade bed frame
Upon researching other examples of furniture, I came across a Norwegian bed frame from the 10th century. Despite a millennia passing from its original creation, the bed frame’s structural concept ages well. Pegged connections are able to be driven further into their given slot as material shifts over time. This is especially important when considering components such as posts, slats, boards, and rails, may be using wood from different species causing a disparity between expansion and contraction patterns. Also important to note is the important of the posts not only as legs for which the frame stands upon, but as a crucial binding connection of the boards with the side rails. When constructing these elements in particular, proper fit is essential.
BED FRAME DESIGN GOALS: Structurally-sound, stiff mattress support Economical, easily-sourced materials Transportable, dis-assemblable, lighter-weight, yet durable 10th century Norwegian bed
Structural diagram
MATERIAL & METHODS Although the Norwegian bed frame was constructed using hand tools, its uncomplicated symmetry made it practical to draw and cut out using a CNC router
Model of Norwegian bed (1” = 1/4” scale)
Corner pegged connection
Routed pieces on 1/4” plywood
Using a three axis CNC router, a jig was necessary to maintain the exact same coordinates for the posts that were cut, re-positioned, and re-cut.
MORPHOLOGY
STRUCTURAL CONCEPT While a pegged connection can provide a significant amount of tension strength, the small components can become easily lost and because of their small size, are difficult to accurately generate using a CNC router. However, a half-lap system incorporates the connection between the two structural components themselves, without the need for auxiliary pieces such as pegs. Additionally, a halflap joint can form a rigid structure especially when repeated throughout the form. Half-lap diagram
It should be noted that due to the spinning router bit of the CNC machine, inside 90 degree corners are only possible by drilling holes at each corner, otherwise known as a ‘dog-bone’.
COMPREHENSIVE ITERATIONS 1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
PROTOTYPE
3/4”
Corner detail
3/4”
3/4”
‘Dog-bone’ half-lap connection
1/4”
1/4”
Top surface to resist lateral stress
CONTEMPORARY FURNITURE TEMPLATE DEVELOPMENT FERNANDO FELIX
The concept behind this project is to develop
furniture templates that can be downloaded through open source websites and cut using a CNC machine. The first prototype is a template for a lounge chair. Using nothing but sheets of plywood, the idea is for the furniture to be built and structured using only plywood with waffle construction being the main form of structure. 32”
42” 15”
ASSEMBLY DIAGRAMS
1
2
3
1
2
3
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
3a
3b
3c
PROCESS EARLY DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
TROUGH PHYSICAL MODEL MAKING
DIGITAL DEVEOPMENT OF DESIGN
MATERIALS + METHODS ADDITIVE FABRICATION THROUGH THE USE OF WAFFLE CONSTRUCTION AND SUBTRACTIVE FABRICATION THROUGH CNC ROUTING OF PLYWOOD
CONCLUSION The success of the project involves the efficiency of the layout causing very minimal waste
of plywood. The biggest challenge was the structure. With no form of diagonal bracing, the lounge chair was not as stable. Although the template was efficient in regards of minimal waste of material, it is necessary to give each pieces some tolerance so it fits better, and also to lessen required finishing touches, such as sanding, to make the pieces fit. The proportion of the chair was also a little problematic. Because the dimensions of the first prototype were based off of lounge chairs with more/thicker materials, using the same dimensions with thinner materials made the prototype looked unproportional. Being a first iteration, this prototype can be used in the future as a guide to what can be designed better or develop further. These includes issues with structure, proportion, and overall aesthetic. .