Xiamen Chian - M. Huihui, W. Na, H. Yun

Xiamen,a city in Fujian Province under the jurisdiction of sub provincial administrative region, which is located in the southeastern end of longitude 118 degrees 04’04, 24 degrees north latitude near 26’46, north of Nanan, the southeast and the size of the golden gate and it is also a big bear island across the sea, on the southeast coast of China, south of the province of Fujian, located in South Fujian in the middle of Golden Triangle. Popular Taiwanese,which is a major city in southern fujian.

From the diagram we can get that Xiamenconsists of Xiamen Island, Gulangyu Islet and many small islands and Jimei, Haicang, Tongan, Xiangan district.The main activities is located in the island ,there are four main traffic station which mainly locate in the island,the more information about Xiamen you can get from the diagram .

Climate Classification

This kind of climate is mostly found on the east coast of continents between 20° and 40° N and S latitude. The humid subtropical climate exists in the southeastern United States, southeastern South America; coastal southeast South Africa; eastern Australia; eastern Asia ;from north India through south China to Japan.

The location of Xiamen is in the seaside of south China, so the climate classification of Xiamen is typically “Temperate fully humid hot summer”

Cfa

Cwa

Cfa Temperate fully humid cool summer

Cwa Temperate winter dry hot summer

The characteristics of cfa in Xiamen is that Summer: long, has sea breeze and thunderstorms, sometimes has typhoon .Winter: northeast monsoon, not very cold

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_ classification

Annual Facts

After the reserch we get the the climate of Xiamen is Subtropical maritime climate the climate climate characteristics is that Summer: long, has sea breeze and thunderstorms, sometimes has typhoon .Winter: northeast monsoon, not very cold

Percipitation

Average annual rainfall: 1100 mm, the annul peak in June with an average of 180mm Xiamen is subtropical maritime climate, the weather is warm and full of rain. Xiamen is not hot in summer and not cold in winter,.

Temperature

the average temperature of it is 21 degrees. Due to the temperature difference of the Pacific Ocean.

Wind speed

The average annual wind speed is 5.8 mph is Xiamen,Fujian Xiamen is attacked by typhoon 5-6 times per year, and they mainly concentrate in 7-9 month. So the wind speed is unstable.

Wind Graphic

Wind Climate Consultant

Temperrature and Percipitation graphic http://image.baidu.com/search/index?tn=baiduim

Annual Facts

Formation of Typhoon

In the sea surface where the temperature is more than 26 degrees above the tropical and subtropical oceans, due to near surface air temperature is high, a large number of air expansion in the waters rise, make the pressure drops, peripheral air added up to Everfount inflow. Influenced by the bias force of the earth, the air flows into the air. The rising air expansion and cooling, the water vapor cooling condensation of water droplets, to emit heat, but also to promote the rising air. So near the lower air pressure surface, rotation more violent, the final form of the typhoon

Xiamen city is located at 118o04 24o26 ‘latitude’ 04 “, 46”, located in the southeast coast of China, a subtropical climate, due to Pacific Air temperature difference, an average of 4 to 5 affected by the typhoon, and more concentrated in the 7 to September.

Picture resource: http://news.xinhuanet.com/tech/201207/24/c_123460496.htm

The average annual minimum temperatures in China vary widely in different regions, ranging from -28 celsiusdegree to 20 celsius degree .

Xiamen,China

Hardiness Zone Map

As shown in the figure, the different colors were used to define different temperature regions: the more bluish, the colder region; the more reddish, the warmer region. The corresponding temperature of each zone is the annual average minimum temperature adaptation for the plant cultivation.

The average annual minimum temperatures in China vary widely in different regions, ranging from -28 celsiusdegree to 20 celsius degree .

The average annual minimum temperatures in China vary widely in different regions, ranging from -28 celsius degree to 20 celsius degree .

Plant hardiness zone map can be used as a good practice guide for plant introduction. The mean annual temporature in Xiamen is from -1.1 to 4.4 celsius degree.Before introducing, people can assess its feasibility by comparing the lowest temperature for a special plant between the original region and Xiamen. For example, if a plant can tolerate the minimum temperature with 4.5 celsius degree in its original area, corresponding withthe hardinesszone 11 area, which means itcan withstand the weather under 4.5 celsius degree and above . If the temperature is lower than 4.5 celsius degree,like zone 10 in xiamen, it isn’t suggested to introduce and plant.

As shown in the figure, the different colors were used to define different temperature regions: the more bluish, the colder region; the more reddish, the warmer region. The corresponding temperature of each zone is the annual average minimum temperature adaptation for the plant cultivation.

As shown in the figure, the different colors wereused to define different temperature regions:the more bluish, the colder region; the morereddish, the warmer region. The correspondingtemperature of each zone is the annual averageminimum temperature adaptation for the plant cultivation.

Plant hardiness zone map can be used as a good practice guide for plant introduction. The mean annual temporature in Xiamen is from -1.1 to 4.4 celsius degree.Before introducing, people can assess its feasibility by comparing the lowest temperature for a special plant between the original region and Xiamen. For example, if a plant can tolerate the minimum temperature with 4.5 celsius degree in its original area, corresponding withthe hardinesszone 11 area, which means itcan withstand the weather under 4.5 celsius degree and above . If the temperature is lower than 4.5 celsius degree,like zone 10 in xiamen, it isn’t suggested to introduce and plant.

Plant hardiness zone map can be used as a good practice guide for plant introduction. The mean annual temporature Xiamen is from -1.1 4.4 celsius degree.Before introducing, people can assess its feasibility by comparing the lowest temperature for a plant between original region and Xiamen. For example, if a plant can tolerate the minimum temperature with celsius degree in its original area, corresponding with the hardiness zone 11 area, which itcan withstand the weather der above. If the temperature is lower than 4.5 celsius degree,like zone 10 in xiamen, it isn’t suggested to introduce and plant.

Hardiness Zone Map http://www.howdogardener.com

ATMOSPHERE

Psychrometric Chart

CITY Xiamen

LATITUDE 24.48oEast, Time Zone from Greenwich 8

TIME 15pm, Sept 21th

DRY BULB TEMP 33.4oC

WET BULB TEMP 27.6oC

RELATIVE HUMIDITY 62% DEW POINT 19gmm/kgm

Graphic Source

Climate Consultant

Comfortable Scale

The comfortable zone is indicated in the blue district in the diagram. The red dots area suggests the temperature and humidity of Xiamen.

According to the diagram, the time that humanbeing feel comfortable in Xiamen is around 624hours in the whole year. In another word, there are 7.1% Comfortable Hours using Selected Strategies (624 out of 8760 hours).

Wind Rose Diagram

Spring winds begin to increase in frequency and velocity, with the predominant direction moving to the east. Cool winds still come from the northeast.

Summer winds maintain southwest and northern directions. It is very warm all summer in Xiamen, with few cool breezes to be captured. Autumn winds come from the east with the highest seasonal velocity. Winds from the southeast are warmer than winds from the northeast. Winds frequently blown from all direction during winter months, but the cool winds blow from the northwest. Even the winter months in Xiamen are pleasantly warm.

Wind Rose Diagram

Climate Consultant Software

The current orientation doesn’t work well in summer, because the cool winds are restricted by some windows.

There are also some problems in spring and autum. Although it couldn’t let in most of the winds in winter, the temperature in Xiamen is warm, so it doesn’t matter.

Improved Orientation

The current orientation doesn’t work well in summer, because the cool winds are restricted by some windows.

There are also some problems in spring and autum. Although it couldn’t let in most of the winds in winter, the temperature in Xiamen is warm, so it doesn’t matter.

spring summer

Xiamen,China 中国厦门

Sun Path Diagram

Massing and orientation are important factors to consider for passive heating.Massing and orientation for passive heating is often helped by extending the east-west axis of buildings to take advantage of the consistent sun on the northern and southern exposures.

Massing for solar heat gain

massing for daylighting

Xiamen,China 中国厦门

Diagrammatic Elevation

Diagrammatic Elevation the build we choose is a Residential distriction of which standing in Xiamen China,In cold climate ,the maximun of the ratio of surface area to volume can produce unwanted heat loss ,though ,the less surface area facing to sun’s can’t passively heat the building.

In Hot climate ,the building with their biggest fact exposed to the sun can cause unwanted solar heat again,but the windows can be used to reduce this while still allowing natural ventilation,The building can also reduce unwanted gains in hot climates,as the sun’s heat strikes more strongly on roofs than on walls in warm latitudes ,and the building has less roof area per unit volume.

Solar gains Nature Ventilation

Xiamen// Massing Strategies For Passive Heating//

Street Map

This map contains the information around the College of Design and Innovation, including Tongji Architecture Design Company, construction space, apartments, the parking lot, and four streets. The pedestrian and car access are well organized.

We went around this area to observe the sources of water pollution, water absorption and water running off.

Pedestrian access major

Pedestrian access minor

Car access

Geolocation of souce points

The diagram is the result of water info around D&I that we explored in these days. There are many sewages for rains and pollution water around buildings, so it can dry fast. However, there are several areas with no point source, such as the parking lot. Besides, there are also some pollution points, which is because there are many restaurants on Tongji Square, and people can not deal with garbage in time while it rains.

All in all, water system around D&I works well at most of time.

Water run off

Sink hole water with cascade for strom runoff Water absorption Pointsource pollution Non-point source pollution

InitialCalculationofMaHuihui

After I did the test, I find that the major areas of my footprint are food and goods. And my ecological shows the lowest part is mobility, since I don’t need to use car or motor in my hometown. And to support my lifestyle, it takes 1.7 global hectares of Earth’s productive area, half of it is energy land.

To find how can I change my footprint, I did the next exploration.

The first graph shows that if I reduce the amount of meat and fish I eat, then my footprint will be below the average amount of China, meanwhile above that of India. And if I reduce my ecological footprint to 1.4 global hectares, it will benefit our earth. If everyone lived the same lifestyle as you, it would require the regenerative capacity of 0.8 planets each year.

The second graph shows that if I use natural gas instead of electricity to heat my house and ues more recycled sources such as sunlight, then my footprint will reduced to 1.6 global hectares.

Documented Calculation

To reduce my footprint, I had less meat an fish and eat more vegetables and bean products this week.

Then I did the next exploration. It shows that my footprint is below the average amount of China, meanwhile above that of India. And if I reduce my ecological footprint to 1.3 global hectares, it will benefit our earth. If everyone lived the same lifestyle as you, it would require the regenerative capacity of 0.7 planets each year.

InitalCalculationofHeYun

Aft er the test, I fi nd that the major areas of my footprint are food ,for I love eati ng most. And my footprint shows the lowest part is mobility, because I don’t use car or motor to go out . And to support my lifestyle, it takes 1 planets each year.

Suggestions

To fi nd how can I change my carbon footprint, I did the next explorati on. The graph shows that if I reduce the amount of meat I eat and the doods I buy, then my footprint will be below the average amount of China, but sti ll above that of India. If everyone lived the same lifestyle as me, it would require the regenerati ve capacity of 0.8 planets each year.

DocumentedCalculation

To reduce my footprint, I eat less meat and no fish. Instead, I eat more vegetables and crops. Then I did the next exploration. It shows that it takes less global hectares to support my lifestyle ,and If everyone lived the same lifestyle as me, it would require the regenerative capacity of 0.7 planets each year.

InitialCalculationofWeiNa

I find that the major areas of my footprint are energy. And my ecological shows there are no services and governance. And to support my lifestyle, it takes 1.1 global hectares of Earth’s productive area, half of it is goods.

I did the next tast to find how can I change my footprint.The graph shows that if I reduce the amount of meat and fish I eat, then my footprint will be as same as the average amount of China, and also below Brazil. And if I reduce my ecological footprint to 0.8 global hectares.

Documented Calculation

I had less meat fish and eat more vegetables and fruit this week.The next exploration shows that my footprint is below the average amount ofChina.AndifIreducemyecologicalfootprint to 1.4 global hectares, it will benefit our earth. If everyone lived the same lifestyle as you, it would require the regenerative capacity of 0.8 planetseachyear.

Suggestion

It shows that there are 28 slaves work for me. I am surprised about the result, since we can’t imagine and feel the same unhappiness of the many slaves working for us. I think maybe the over-consumption and waste would make their life harder, so I am going to make my lifestyle more sustainable and healthy, which would better for our city and people living in this planet.

Suggestions

It shows that there are 33 slaves work for me. the result is really surprised me, and I can’t imagine why I need so many slaves working for me . and I think I should start a lifestyle that is more sustainable and healthy, which would be better for others who lives in this planet.

It shows that there are 44 slaves work for me. I think maybe I have bought too much cloths, so I should go shopping less frequently and recycled them, which would reduce the waste and slavery consumption .

By Ma Huihui

The first one is my scarf, which was made in scotland. The check design is the feature of local culture.

The second one is a wallet made in Italy which can be bought online. And the quality and design of the wallet are fantastic.

The third one is a thin white coat of Adidas, which was made in Philippines. As we know, the labor costs are lower than that in China now, so the company can gain more profit.

Whole Systems Map

Toothpaste is an essential part of our daily lives. We all need to use toothpaste to clean our teeth every morning and night. Toothpaste is mainly composed of three parts, the tube, the lid and the paste, when we use Toothpaste, we need to open the lid and Squeeze the paste out from the tube, and put it onto the brush, then we use it to clean our teeth with water. When the paste is used up, we will throw the pipe and the lid into trash, even if they are still intact. And in fact, the tube will remain has a lot of paste, but we can not squeeze it out.

Tube Material http://muchong.com/html/201205/4428549.html

Paste Material http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/283794738.html

Life Cycle Assessment

The composition of the toothpaste tube is simple. Its main components are divided into aluminum and plastic,and the tube is made by squeezing them together. the lid is only made by plastic.

In the whole process, the most important LCA generating point is the aluminum, but because of the small amount,the whole LCA generating point is not very high.

Brainstorm Ideas

We think of four ways to do the sustainable design.

Plan1.we want to discard the using of aluminum, and replace the plastic with a more environmentally friendly material.

Plan2.Add a line on the side of the tube, so that we can open the tube to a plane.When the paste is almost used up, and we can not squeeze the paste out any more ,then we can open the tube,and use all the paste in it.

Plan3.Design a more interesting shape and appearance for toothpaste tube. So that when the paste is used up, we can still use the tube for decoration or making toys instead of throw them to the trash.

plan2 plan3

By calculating and contrasting the three plan, we found that add a line on the side will be a little help but it can save resources . And design a more interesting shape and appearance for toothpaste tube is the most effective way,be-cause people will still use the tube for other things .

Observe And Strategy

Mimosa’s Chinese name is “Han Xiu Cao”, and it means that the plant is very shy. And when you touch the leaves of mimosa, thy will fold im-mediately,and this process is very interesting. Because of this ,many Chinese keep mimosa in their house for fun.

OBSERVE STRATEGY

My thoughts

When the fingers or other things touch the leaves of mimosa, the leaves will fold immediately. and they will gradully expand about 5 minutes later. But if you touch the leaves again and again, then the leaves will lose the ability to close themselves .and it will take a long time for them to recovery.

Image and information http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=zMOXksBI72d0OSL69g7dYwPoQeVmhy_ZHAWS7fa2uYxIf-KbFhL8u2Wq6JcLEARmAnjlXD0gIe-7G-vWgj24Ak_NVFeLQY2QREINrA-p2x3

// OBSERVE AND STRATEGY

Mimosa fold its leaves in order to protect itself from herbivores. When herbivores close to Mimosa, it can scare herbivores away by close its leaves.

When mimosa is stimulated by external environment, it can protect itself by fold its leaves from outside injury. Mimosa will close its leaves when it is stimulated, and this kind of ability has its historycal reasons. The homeland of mimosa is Brazil, the tropical South America.Where is often has strong wind and rain. When the strong wind blow and the first drop of rain hit its leaves, it will close all the leaves and drop the leaf petioles immediately, to avoid damage from the harsh environment. This is an adaption to the change of external environment.In addition, Mimosa’s movement can also be considered as a way of self-defence, when herbivores slightly touched it, it folded leaves, then the herbivores will not eat it.

Mimosa has a swollen part at both petiole and small petiole, called “Yeru”.The reaction of Yeru to the stimulus is very sensitive, and there are a number of parenchyma cells in the center of it.These cells will transport cl- in, and 02- out at rest, so that the cell membrane can keep a certain potential difference with adjacent areas, and this called the static potential.When the external stimulus exceeds a certain degree, the permeability of cells will suddenly change, ca2+ will flow into cells, and k+ move at the opposite direction, so the membrane potential will increase, and even become a positive potential, then action potential generate, this phenomenon is called depolarization.The action potential can be passed, when the cells reach the action potential, the permeability of membrane will disappear, the water storaged in the vacuole discharges immediately, then the cells lose turgor, and become limp. So, when stimulating the petiole of mimosa, the turgor pressure of yeru’s upper half parenchyma cells will decrease, while the lower half still maintain the original turgor pressure, folded along the direction caused by leaf petiole, leading to the fold of leaves.

Mimosa protect itself from the injury of external environment by folding its leaves.

Team thoughts

Deeper Research

Design Principle/Strategy

The self-defence structure of mimosa can be applied to the construction and protection of outdoor facilities in the area where is always attacked by typhoon. when the typhoon comes, those outdoor facilities can “feel” the stimuli of external environment, and then fold themselves, to reduce the contact surface with wind, and avoid being destroyed by the strong wind.

Life’s Principles

Protecting the outdoor facilities in typhoon-prone region through the way of self-defence. This design can extend the use time of outdoor facilities,and reduce the loss leading by typhoon. At the same time it can provide a better outdoor environment to people after the typhoon, and ensure them can have their normal outdoor activities.

When This kind of self-defence structure is applied to the construction and protection of outdoor facilities in typhoon-prone region. then when the typhoon comes, those outdoor facilities can protect themselves from being destroyed by the strong wind by fold themselves. So that people can still live in a nomal life after typhoon, and carry on their outdooractivities.

Who would care about/apply this

Design Principle

The government and the people in typhoon-prone region.

Typhoon

Website Details

In this term, we have consulted many websites of different organizations and goverment, which help us a lot to atain the specific data and resources. And after we review the websites, we would get a more profound insight of the project and course of this semester, and also helps us learn more about our world.

THEREISONLYONEEARTH! ASADESIGNER, ITISOURDUTYTOLETPEOPLEAWAREOFIT!