Luleå, Sweden - H. Stening, K. Videberger

2016 MA Sustainablity Design

Helena Stening, Kris5na Videberger,

Luleå, Sweden

IndexPage number

1. Luleå, Sweden

1.1. Localisa+on Diagram1

1.2. Climate Zone2

1.3. Town Annual Climate Summary3

2. Hardiness Zone map5

3. Psychometric Chart

3.1. Today’s Dry bulb and Humidity7

3.2. Comfort8

4. D&I Tongji University polluIon analysis

4.1. Map of surrounding area9

4.2. Water system10

5 OrientaIon of winds and natural cooling

5.1. Wind rose diagram11

5.2. Analysis on current orienta+on12

5.3. Analysis on redesign orienta+on13

6. Sunlight and heat Gain

6.1. Sun path15

6.2. Diagramic eleva+on16

6.3. Psychometric Chart Natural Cooling/Hea+ng17

7. Helena Personal Footprint

7.1. Slave footprint19

7.2. Carbon Footprint 120

7.3. Meal tracking21

7.4. Carbon Footprint 222

7.5. Clothes manufactured23

IndexPage number

8.

Kris(na Personal Footprint

8.1. Clothes manufac2red24

8.2. Slave footprint25

8.3. Carbon Footprint 126

8.4. Meal tracking27

8.5. Carbon Footprint 228

9. Lifecycle thinking for sustainable design

9.1. System Map: KeHle29

9.2. Problems and priori2es30

9.3. Brainstorming31

11. Life Principles

11.1 Detec2ng Strategies & LPs in the Field 33

12. Resouces34

Luleå, Sweden

Luleå is a city located by the coast in the north of Sweden. The city has around 76,000 inhabitants. Luleå’s Airport is located 7km from the city center. The city center was moved in 1649 due to the post-glacial rebound, which made the bay to shallow for ships to enter. The Old Church Town is the former city center.

(Luleå Kommun, 2016)

Ormberget is a recreaXon area which includes a ski slope as well as ski trails. Due to the cold climat, Luleå is the locaXon for Facebook’s computer center. The computer center will cool itself using the cold outside air, for eight months of the year. During the winterXme Gültzaudden, a park in the central Luleå, is filled with ice sculptures. In the summerXme, the park’s beach is the main desXnaXon for Luleås inhabitants. (Luleå Kommun, 2016)

1. Luleå Kommun, 2016. Web. h]p://www.lulea.se 22 Sept. 2016.

2. Google Maps, “Luleå”, Web. 22 Sept. 2016. h]ps://goo.gl/maps/nAhCsYWTndN2

Luleå

Luleå, Sweden

The Köppen-Geiger climate classificaFon is Dfc, described as a subarcFc climate (Peel, 2007).

The subarcFc climate are defined by a long and very cold winter and a short mild summer. The short days, low humidity, clear weather and relaFve low precipitaFon in form of snow are also common aVributes for this climate zone.

The SubarcFc climate are usually found north of the humid conFnental climate, at large landmasses away from the oceans (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016).

1.Peel, Murray et al, "Updated Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the World." Updated Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the World. Unimelb, 2007. Web. 22 Sept. 2016, “hVp://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/ mpeel/koppen.html”.

2. "ConFnental SubarcFc Climate." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016. Web. “hVps://global.britannica.com/science/ conFnental-subarcFc-climate”. 22 Sept. 2016.

SUMMARY

Luleå, Sweden

Summary of the climate in Luleå

As graph 1 shows, the average days with precipitaHon varies from 5 (April) to 10 (Nov) per month, and are usually higher during August - January.

According to graph 2, the wind speed is higher during October - April, with most days of really high wind speed (>61 km/h) during Mars.

The daily average minimum temperature varies between -15 to 11 degrees celsius, and the daily average maximum varies between -5 to 20 degrees celsius. Coldest periods are between December to Mars, according to graph 3. The average annual temperature in Luleå is 1.4 °C.

As graph 4 states, the relaHve humidity varies from 47% (comfortable) - 97% (very humid). It does very seldom reach below 30% (dry) and up to 100% (very humid).

1. "Weather StaHsHcs for Luleå." Yr.no. h^ps:// www.yr.no/place/Sweden/Norrbo^en/ Lule%C3%A5/staHsHcs.html, N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.

2. @meteoblue. "Climate Luleå." Meteoblue. h^ps://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/ forecast/modelclimate/ lule%C3%A5_sweden_604490 N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.

3. "WeatherSpark Beta." Average Weather For Luleå, Sweden. h^ps://weatherspark.com/ averages/28949/Lulea-Norrbo^en-Sweden, N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.

temperature per month

4) Rela;ve Humidity yearly 3) Average

2) Average wind speed, days per month 1) Average days with precipita;on per month

Luleå, Sweden

Luleå is located in the north of Sweden and lies between Hardiness zone 4b and 5a. These zones have a fairly short growing season. The city’s last frost date is between 21-31 May and first frost date is between 11-20 Septemer.

Zone 3b

-37.2 to -34.4°C

Zone 4a -34.4 to -31.7°C

Zone 4b -31.7 to -28.9°C

Zone 5a -28.9 to -26.1°C

Zone 5b -26.1 to -23.3°C

Zone 6a -23.3 to -20.6°C

1. "Zone 4 - Vegetable PlanXng Calendar Guide."

Zone 4 Vegetable PlanXng Calendar Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2016.

2."InteracXve Gardening and Plant Hardiness Zone Map for Sweden." Sweden InteracXve Plant Hardiness Zone Map. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2016.

PSYCHOMETRIC CHART

Today’s dry bulb and rela/ve humidity

Weather for Luleå, Sweden: Tuesday 04:00, 27/9 2016

Temperature: 50°F / 10°C Humidity: 98% Wind speed: 6 m/s

As read from the diagram and the input values from above, the Dew point can be calculated to 9.7°C, the Wet bulb 9.8°C and the Dry Bulb to 10°C.

1. Vädret i Sverige. (2016, September 27). Retrieved September, 27 2016, from h`p:// www.smhi.se/vadret/vadret-i-sverige/land

2. "Weather in Luleå, SE." Weather in Luleå, SE. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.

The comfortable zone is indicated by the blue lines in the diagram. The red area are indicaKng the temperature and humidity of Kiruna, a town close to Luleå in the north of Sweden.

According to the diagram the comfortable humidity varies from 27 % to 62% and the temperature from 68°F to 76°F.

Due to north of Sweden’s cold and humid climate the amount of habitants experiencing a comfortable climate is less than 1% throughout the year, according to the diagram.

1. Energy Design Tools. "Climate Consultant Download Page:." Climate Consultant Download Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.

Water system

Analysis of water polluWon, water run off and water absorpWons surrounding D&I.

The map to the le[ contains located source points, sewer access drains as well as nonsource point locaWons for water polluWon in the surrounding area of College of D&I.

DescripGon of map

Pedestrian access Car access Non-source point Source point Stormwater runoff Sewage hatch

1. Google Maps, “Tongji University”, Web. 2 Oct. 2016. hLps://goo.gl/maps/8JEeKWyWF9J2

ORIENTATION OF WINDS AND PASSIVE

COOLING

Wind rose diagram

Analysis of “Norrbo>enteatern”, a theatre in Luleå, Sweden. The diagram to the right is a wind rose diagram over the city Luleå, which shows how the wind are directed during the year at this specific locaNon. As the diagram displays, the wind is mainly coming from the South - SSE in Luleå, in which the No>bo>enteatern are located.

The map to the right shows the locaNon and the rotaNon of the theathre, “Norrbo>enteatern” in Luleå, relaNve the wind rose diagram.

Wind rose diagram and map over Norrbo?enteatern

1. @meteoblue. "Climate Luleå." Meteoblue. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.

2. Google Maps, “Luleå”, Web. 22 Sept. 2016. h>ps://goo.gl/maps/nAhCsYWTndN2

ORIENTATION OF WINDS AND PASSIVE COOLING

Analysis of current orienta0on

Analysis of “NorrboPenteatern”, a

i Luleå, Sweden

theatre

As the illustraTon to the leU shows, the buildings largest walls with many windows are facing North-East and South-West, and the wind are mainly reaching the building from SouthSouth East.

As a concluTon from that, the theater’s posiTon and rotaTon are not opTmizesd for taking use of the surrounding winds for passive cooling, hence it is facing in the wrong direcTon.

Since Luleå is a relaTvely cold town, located in the north of Sweden, there might be a reason for not opTmizing the buildings locaTon and rotaTon for the use of passive cooling, since the temperature rather needs to be higher for increasing the percentage of habitants that experience a comfortable climate.

1. @meteoblue. "Climate Luleå." Meteoblue. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.

ORIENTATION OF WINDS AND PASSIVE COOLING

Analysis of current orienta0on

Analysis of “NorrboPenteatern”, a

i Luleå, Sweden

theatre

As the illustraTon to the leU shows, the buildings largest walls with many windows are facing North-East and South-West, and the wind are mainly reaching the building from SouthSouth East.

As a concluTon from that, the theater’s posiTon and rotaTon are not opTmizesd for taking use of the surrounding winds for passive cooling, hence it is facing in the wrong direcTon.

Since Luleå is a relaTvely cold town, located in the north of Sweden, there might be a reason for not opTmizing the buildings locaTon and rotaTon for the use of passive cooling, since the temperature rather needs to be higher for increasing the percentage of habitants that experience a comfortable climate.

1. @meteoblue. "Climate Luleå." Meteoblue. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.

ORIENTATION OF WINDS AND PASSICE COOLING

Analysis of redesigned orienta0on

Analysis of “NorrboPenteatern”, a theatre i Luleå, Sweden

If we wanted to rotate the building to opUmize for using the surrounding winds for passive cooling, the building could be Rotated about 30 degrees counterclockwise. The large wall with its windows would then be able to pick up the wind and use it as passive cooling and venUlaUon in the building.

However, the theater are today located alongside of the shoreline, which could affect the local wind direcUon and make it more unstable and hard to predict.

1. @meteoblue. "Climate Luleå." Meteoblue. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.

Illustra6on of sunlight and heat gain

Sun Path

The illustra>on shows the sunlight (yellow arrows) and heat gain (orange arrow) that NorrboQenteatern in Luleå are exposed to.

Since the building is located in a cold climate is it desirable to maximize the solar heat gain, with the buildings biggest face exposed to the sun can it help to passively heat the building.

"SunCalc Sun Posi>on and Sunlight Phases Calculator." SunCalc. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2016.

Daylight strenght

Diagramic eleva,on

The illustra>on shows an eleva>on diagram with the sunlight and the wind that are affec>ng NorrboQenteatern in Luleå.

The building is rela>vely low, two floors, and the wind is reaching the building from the south - south east.

The building is located in a cold climate and therefor it is more desirable to have a lower eleva>on to be able to increase the roof area per unit volume and hence make the building more op>mized for natural hea>ng.

"SunCalc Sun Posi>on and Sunlight Phases Calculator." SunCalc. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2016.

Eleva,on diagram of sunlight and wind

Psychometric Chart with Natural Cooling and Hea@ng

If the natural cooling and the Passive Solar Gain (low vs high) are added to the pychometric chart, it becomes clear that the Natural venTlaTon cooling will not increase the amount of habitants experiencing a comfortable climate.

The chart also displays that if passive solar (direct gain) are added , the amount of habitants experiencing a comfortable climate increases significantly. If passive solar direct gain with low mass is added, we see an increase with 0.5% (44 hrs). If passive solar direct gain with high mass is added, we see an increase with 5.1 % (448hrs).

1. Energy Design Tools. "Climate Consultant

Download Page:." Climate Consultant Download Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.

Slave footprint Helena

My slave footprint are “44 Workers work for you”. This can be reduced by example buying less clothes, electronics and toys.

1. avery Footprint." - Made In A Free World. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016, hVp:// slaveryfootprint.org/

Carbon footprint Helena

The result from the test shows that if everyone lived like me, we would need 3.5 planet earths to provide enought resourses. As the diagram shows it is Food and Services that stand for most of my resource consumpVon. If I use the webpages funcVon “explore simple acVons to reduce your footprint” (showed in top right corner) I can reduce my resource consumVon to 3 eartch - if I eat fewer animal based foods, fly less and use energy efficiant appliances etc.

1. "Footprint Calculator." Footprint Calculator. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016, hJp:// www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ page/calculators/

Helena Stening

Sunday

Dinner with Sichuan food, including rice, cucumber, braised eggplant, chicken, chilli, bread and a basil drink.

Monday Breakfast was oatmeal, banana, peanutbuJer, milk and coffee. Lunch was braise abourgine, fried green haricoverts, rice and chilli. Dinner was street bbq with abourgine, mushroom, vegetables and noodles.

Tuesday Breakfast was oatmeal, banana, peanutbuJer, milk and coffee. Lunch was korean biimbap including rise, pok, sause, pak choi and fried chicken. Dinner was street bbq with mushroom, vegetables, corn, cilantro and bread.

Wednessday Breakfast was vegitarian dumplings, noodles with tofu and mushrooms. Snack was bread with valnuts and raisins and coffee. Lunch was kebab in bread with salad. Dinnes was chicken, fries and coleslaw. More snack was apple, dried sweetpotato and yoghurt.

Thursday Breakfast was oatmeal, banana, peanutbuJer, milk and coffee. Lunch was noodles with fried mushroom, tofu, chilli and vegetables.

Friday Breakfast was oatmeal, banana, peanutbuJer, milk and coffee.

Carbon footprint Helena

The result aRer doing the test one more Tme, trying to reduce meet and put in informaTon more accurately - shows that if everyone lived like me, we would need 2.7 planet earths to provide enought resourses. As the diagram shows it is Food and Services that stand for most of my resource consumpTon. If I use the webpages funcTon “explore simple acTons to reduce your footprint” I can reduce my resource consumTon to 2.3 eartch - if I eat fewer animal based foods, fly less and use energy efficiant appliances etc.

1. "Footprint Calculator." Footprint Calculator. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016, hJp:// www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ page/calculators/

Carbon footprint - Kristna

Based on how I live in Sweden would we need 2.7 planet earths to provide enough resources if everyone lived like I do. By using the websites functon to explore scenarios can I reduce my carbon footprint by 0.3 planet earths if I reduce amount of animal products I currently eat by half, reduce the distance I travel by car, used solar panels for electricity, energy efficient appliances and avoid flying. Since I live in a newly built apartment with new energy efficient appliances, uses electricity which mainly comes from renewable sources and rarely travels by car can the biggest different occur if I were to reduce eatng animal products and reduce traveling by plane.

1. "Footprint Calculator." Footprint Calculator. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016. htp://www.footprintnetwork. org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

CARBON FOOTPRINT

Slavery Footprint - Kristna

I received the results that “39 slaves are working for you” in the test. To reduce this number can I buy less clothes, electronics and hygienic products.

1. "My Footprint / Slavery Footprint." My Footprint / Slavery Footprint. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016. htp://slaveryfootprint.org/

CARBON FOOTPRINT

Carbon Footprint - Kristna

Afer 5 days with more focus on what I ate was I been able to reduce my carbon footprint by 0.1 planet earths. By using the websites functon to explore scenarios can I reduce my carbon footprint by 0.4 planet earths, which is an increas since last tme with 0.1 planet earths, if I reduce amount of animal products I eat, reduce the distance I travel by car, used solar panels for electricity, energy efficient appliances and avoid flying.

Food diary during the five days: Sunday

Dinner with rice, eggplant, cucumber, cauliflower, chicken, beef and bread.

Monday:

Oatmeal with banana and milk, and coffee. Rice, eggplant and green beans for lunch. Dinner contained eggplant, mushrooms and noodles.

Tuesday

Oatmeal with banana and milk, and coffee. An apple and some crackers for lunch. Dinner contained grilled corn on the cob, cilantro, onion, bread.

Wednesday

Vegetarian dumplings and noodles with mushrooms for breakfast. Lunch was dumplings with unknown content, some with meat and some vegetarian. Dinner was fried chicken and fries. A pear, one scone with raisins and coffee was also consumed during the day.

Thursday

Oatmeal with banana and milk, and coffee. Lunch was a str-fry with noodles, tofu and mushrooms.

1. "Footprint Calculator." Footprint Calculator. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016. htp://www.footprintnetwork. org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

Whole systems map

The electc ketle is usually used to heat water to make either tea or coffee, but may also be used to cook some meals. It is used most in the morning or in the evening.

When we use the ketle are we usually making coffee. When we make coffee are we usually using a pressocoffee maker. Hence, it is also used together with our coffee, indirectly the teaspoon to measure the coffee and the sink where we wash it. Other things that may come in contact with the ketle is our mugs, waterbotles and tea. The water we fill it with and the electricity it uses to heat the water is also in contact with the ketle.

The system can be broken down into sub systems in different ways. The system map shown on the right is showing our main goal with the ketle, heat water to make hot beverages.

Impacts from different life stages

Based on the whole systems map was the impacts from different life stages calculated, by using “Okala: Lerning Ecological Design” (2007). The biggest impact can be found during the products usage life stage.

The calculatons only consists the main materials of the electric ketle and does not inclute the electrical components except for the cord. The lifetme is estmated to 10 years, assumptons about the exact materials and manufacture methods, transportaton from a manufacture in East Asia to Sweden by cargo ship and transportaton by truck in Sweden are assumptons. Where the materials are extracted are not included in the calculatons.

By striving for a low impact from a product can smarter and more sustainable products be developed. The ketle could for example be designed to remove the risk for heatng too much water by creatng clear indicatons or by creatng multple temperature choises for the user could help create an awareness regarding the usage of the product.

1. White, Phillip; Steve Belletre and Louise St. Pierre. “Okala: Learning Ecological Design.” 2007.

Detec%ng Strategies & LPs in the Field

The goal with the task filled in to the right is to research life’s designs and dig deeper in to how we a designers, and others, can be inspired and use life’s principle in our work to create more sustainable designs.

This analsis is specifically done on bamboo, but the template, based on ‘Life’s Principles in the Field’, RESOURCES HANDBOOK. ©Biomimicry 3.8, can be used for any natural atrifact.

1. "Bamboo Anatomy” Complete Bamboo. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.

2. "Bamboo” Renew Bamboo. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.

Detec%ng Strategies & LPs in the Field

To the right is the last part of the bamboo analysis from a Life Principe perspecOve. Bamboo has a lot of different funcOons also in humans life today. Below is a picture where bamboo is used to build a construcOon plaSorm for workers.

1. "Bamboo Anatomy” Complete Bamboo. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.

2. "Bamboo” Renew Bamboo. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.

1. Luleå Kommun, 2016. Web. h;p://www.lulea.se 22 Sept. 2016.

2.Peel, Murray et al, "Updated Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the World." Updated KöppenGeiger Climate Map of the World. Unimelb, 2007. Web. 22 Sept. 2016, “h;p:// people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/mpeel/ koppen.html”.

3. "ConSnental SubarcSc Climate." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016. Web. “h;ps://global.britannica.com/ science/conSnental-subarcSc-climate”. 22 Sept. 2016.

4. "Weather StaSsScs for Luleå." Yr.no. h;ps:// www.yr.no/place/Sweden/Norrbo;en/ Lule%C3%A5/staSsScs.html, N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.

5. @meteoblue. "Climate Luleå." Meteoblue. h;ps://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/ forecast/modelclimate/ lule%C3%A5_sweden_604490 N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.

6. "WeatherSpark Beta." Average Weather For Luleå, Sweden. h;ps://weatherspark.com/ averages/28949/Lulea-Norrbo;en-Sweden, N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.

7. "Zone 4 - Vegetable PlanSng Calendar Guide." Zone 4 Vegetable PlanSng Calendar Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2016.

8.”InteracSve Gardening and Plant Hardiness Zone Map for Sweden." Sweden InteracSve Plant Hardiness Zone Map. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2016.

9. Vädret i Sverige. (2016, September 27). Retrieved September, 27 2016, from h;p:// www.smhi.se/vadret/vadret-i-sverige/land

10. "Weather in Luleå, SE." Weather in Luleå, SE. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Oct. 2016.