Jiaxing China - J. BAO, H. CAO , R. TANG

Localisation Diagram

Location in China

Coordinates: 30°46′N 120°45′E Area: 3915 km²

The prefecture-level city of Jiaxing administers 7 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 3 county-level cities and 2 counties, including Nanhu District, Xiuzhou District, Jiashan County, Haiyan County, Haining, Pinghu, Tongxiang.

The downtown is located in Nanhu District. There are 3 main railway stations and an international airport arround the site.

Both Wuzhen and Xitang are the most famous ancient town of China.

Image source: 百度地图. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2016, from http://map.baidu.com/

Localisation Diagram

Location in China

Coordinates: 30°46′N 120°45′E Area: 3915 km²

The prefecture-level city of Jiaxing administers 7 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 3 county-level cities and 2 counties, including Nanhu District, Xiuzhou District, Jiashan County, Haiyan County, Haining, Pinghu, Tongxiang.

Data source: 百度地图. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2016, from http://map.baidu.com/ Image: Made by Cao Hongyi

Koppen Climate Classification

Jiaxing

Cfa

Mild temperate

Fully humid

Hot summer

CLIMATE

Generally have cool to warm (but not hot) summers and mild to cool (but not cold) winters. They are characterized by a narrower annual range of temperatures than are encountered in other places at a comparable latitude.

TEMPERATURE

In summer, the temperature of hotest mouth is about 38℃. In winter,the temperature of the coldest mouth is about 0℃.

Source:

百度地图. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2016, from http://map.baidu.com/

Town Annual Climate Summary

亚热带湿润气候

春湿、夏热、秋燥、冬冷 年平均气温15.9摄氏度； 年平均降水量1168.6毫米 六月峰值：平均167.13mm/年 年平均日照2017.0小时

Humid subtropical Climate

Spring: warm ; Summer: hot and humid; Autumn: dry; Winter: chilly( with occasional snow)

Average annual temperature: 15.9℃

Average annual rainfall: 1168.6mm. The annual peak in June with an average of 167.13mm/ year.

Average annual sunlight: 2017.0 hours.

Jiaxing City Orientation “Thirteen Five” period are: to build a modern network-type garden city. - Full integration of Shanghai in Zhejiang demonstration area

- Urban and Rural Development Integration of the first area

- The Yangtze River Delta high-tech achievements into an important base - Jiangnan Water city model

Urban Environment Improvement Policy: “Five water cohabitation”: promoting long-term management of water environment through ecological flood control methods “Five gas cohabitation”: promoting green low-carbon production, lifestyle “Split in three changes” Sponge urban construction projects By 2020, the total elimination of black-odor river and surface water worse than Grade, upstream runoff water quality standards based on municipal control over water become the main section class. Air quality continues to improve, Further improve the cleanliness of the soil, ecology face a fundamental change.

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Max and Min Temperatures in degrees Celsius

Average Percipitation totals in mm

Average Relative Humidity of Jiaxing

urban construction projects

Data source: 百度百科.嘉兴. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2016, from http://baike.baidu.com/item/jiaxing/29733

Image: Made by Tang Runyu

Hardiness Zone Map of Jiaxing

This is a plant hardiness zone map of Jiaxing and its surrounding area, maps zones of minimum temperatures.

These give an indication of whether a plant is likely to be able to survive in Jiaxing based on its minimum survival temperature.

According to this map, the average zone level of Jiaxing is - 6.7 ℃ to - 3.9 ℃ (Zone 9a).

Hardiness Zone (annual minimum temperature(℃))

Zone 7b -15℃ to -12.2℃

Zone 8a -12.2℃ to -9.4℃

Zone 8b -9.4℃ to -6.7℃

Zone 9a -6.7℃ to -3.9℃

Zone 9b -3.9℃ to -1.1℃

Zone 10a -1.1℃ to -1.7℃

Image source: 百度地图. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from http://map.baidu.com/

Daily Psychrometric Chart

Today ‘s Date (10:00a.m. Sept. 23rd)

Dry Bulb Temperature: 25.0℃

Relative Humidity: 68% Information indicated from this intersection

Dew Point: 18.5℃

Wet Bulb Value: 59.0℃

source:

Weather Report of Jiaxing. (2016, September 23). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from http://www.weather.com.cn/ weather1d/101210301.shtml

Annual Psychrometric Chart

This is an annual psychrometric chart of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, CHN，showing the comfort indoors plot hourly of all months throught a year

It gives an indication of the percentage of comfortable hours using selected strategies(1-comfort with green dots).

According to this diafram, the comfort hours are 476 hours out of 8760 hours (5.4%)

Data source:

CSWD 584570 WMO Station Number, Elevation 136 ft

This map contains the information around the College of Design and Innovatin, just like the building and the street.

Map with Water Info Diagramed

Orientation For Winds & Passive Cooling

Site Plan (Loaction of the target building)

Yuan Yibaizhuang Court

Yuan Yibaizhuang Court, located on the junction of East Wenchang Road and Changsheng Street, Xiuzhou District in Jiaxing, neighboring Modern Square in the east, Lianglinfanyingzhuang Court in the west. As the map shows, there are three main entrance to the community.

We chose the building at the east-north corner of the community as the target site. The current orientation of this building is SOUTH.

Winds & Passive Cooling

Determind Wind Direction

According to the wind rose diagram and related references: the year leading wind direction is prevailing east wind, summer is prevailing eastsouth wind.

The optinal orientation for the buliding is SOUTHEAST.

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3

1.Jiaxing Average Wind Weather (Day)

2. Wild velocity range in each month (mph)

For Winds & Passive Cooling Site

Plan (current orientation)

The current orientation of this building is SOUTH which is not align with the prevailing winds of summer (east-south)

The result of it is that the kitchen is an almost stagnaht corner and there is no ventailation in the living room and bathroom.

Winds & Passive Cooling

Site Plan (Improved orientation)

To obtain more natrual ventilation, we change the oriention to SOUTHEAST to maximize benefits from the natural wind and add more windows in bathroom, bedroom and bookroom to create more wind ventilation in summer.

TASK 06 | Massing Strategies for

Passive Heating Sun Path

Sun path refers to the apparent significant seasonal-and-hourly positional changes of the sun (and length of daylight) as the Earth rotates, and orbits around the sun. The relative position of the sun is a major factor in the heat gain of buildings and in the performance of solar energy systems.

Source:

[1] Reading Sun Path Diagrams | Sustainability Workshop. (n.d.). Retrieved October 08, 2016, from http:// sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/readingsun-path-diagrams

[2] I. (n.d.). Sun Position. Retrieved October 08, 2016, from http://www.sunearthtools.com/dp/tools/pos_sun.php

for Passive Heating

Sun Path

The target building is located in Yuan Yibaizhuang Court, located on Xiuzhou District in Jiaxing. The climate is hot and humid in summer and cold in winter, so solar gain in winter and ventilation in summer is very important.

This diagram shows the sunlight of target building. The orange arrow means heat gain from the sun, while the yellow one represents daylighting strength. Massing for solar heat gain is stronger in the direction of southeast from the data analysis and diagram. The original orientation of this building neither make full use of sunlight nor have good ventilation through north to south.

TASK

| Massing Strategies

for Passive Heating Massing Strategies

This diagrammati elevation indicating solar gains(orange arrow), day lighting(yellow arrow) natural ventilation(blue arrow), and openings(red square) of the target building after improvement.

For better ventilation, we rotate the building’s orientation to face south-east according to the fact that the direction of leading wind in Jiaxing is prevailing east-south wind, and add more windows to maximize benefits from the nature wind and create more wind ventilation.

Source: Massing & Orientation for Heating | Sustainability Workshop. (n.d.). Retrieved October 08, 2016, from http:// sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/massingorientation-heating

Carbon Footprint (Initial Calculation)

Carbon Footprint

Results of Tang Runyu

My Ecological Footprint:

If everyone lived the same lifestyle as me, we would require the regenerative capacity of 1.1 planets each year.

How does my Footprint compare?

To support my lifestyle, it takes 1.9 global hectares of the Earth’s productive area.(Energyland makes up the largest part)

Which areas of my Footprints are the largest?

The Footprint of food is the largest and that of services is the second largest.

Course: Footprint Calculator. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2016, from http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ page/calculators/

To reduce my footprint

As there is little change I can make with Shelter and Vehicle, the possibilities to reduce my footprint are mainly about food, good and mobility.

For example,

- eating less meat (change from two or more servings per day to one)

- buying less clothing and footwear

- organize entertainment or culture events in a more sustainable way

- travel less by plane and take train instead (‘If you take the train, then you’ll cut carbon dioxide (CO2) by half compared to the plane’[1])

Source:

[1] Motavalli, J. (n.d.). Plane, train or automobile: Which has the biggest footprint? Retrieved October 10, 2016, from http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/ transportation/blogs/plane-train-or-automobilewhich-has-the-biggest-footprint

Carbon Footprint of Tang Runyu (Reduced) Reduced Carbon Footprint

New Results of Tang Runyu

My Ecological Footprint:

If everyone lived the same lifestyle as me, we would require the regenerative capacity of 1 planets each year.

How does my Footprint compare?

To support my lifestyle, it takes 1.8 global hectares of the Earth’s productive area.(Energyland makes up the largest part)

Which areas of my Footprints are the largest?

The Footprint of food is the largest and that of services is the second largest.

Course: Footprint Calculator. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2016, from http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ page/calculators/

Slavery footprint

Results of Tang Runyu

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My Slavery Footprint: 26 slaves work for me.

The results is lower than the average score for other women my age, which I suppose is mainly because I live in student dorm and have no child.

Besides eating less meat, using less makeup and living a simple life may help to ease the feeling of guilt of having so many slaves working for me.

Source:

My Footprint / Slavery Footprint. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2016, from http://slaveryfootprint.org/ my-footprint#results

Slavery Footprint of Tang Runyu

Worksheet: Where are my clothes made? (Tang Runyu)

Where are my clothes made?

CONCLUSION

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China: 3 Bangladesh: 2 Vietnem: 1 India: 1 Turkey: 1 Bulgaria: 1 Portugal: 1

Carbon Footprint

Results of Cao Hongyi

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My Ecological Footprint:

If everyone lived the same lifestyle as me, we would require the regenerative capacity of 1.4 planets each year.

How does my Footprint compare?

To support my lifestyle, it takes 2.5 global hectares of the Earth’s productive area.(Energyland makes up the largest part)

Which areas of my Footprints are the largest?

The Footprint of food is the largest and that of mobility and services is the second largest.

Course: Footprint Calculator. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2016, from http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/ GFN/page/calculators/

Carbon Footprint (Initial Calculation)

To reduce my footprint

As there is little change I can make with Shelter and Vehicle, the possibilities to reduce my footprint are mainly about food, goods and mobility. For example,

- eating less meat (change from two or more servings per day to one)

- buying less clothing and footwear

- organize entertainment or culture events in a more sustainable way

- travel less by car and take train instead (‘If you take the train, then you’ll cut carbon dioxide (CO2) by half compared to the plane’[1])

Source:

[1] Motavalli, J. (n.d.). Plane, train or automobile: Which has the biggest footprint? Retrieved October 10, 2016, from http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/ transportation/blogs/plane-train-or-automobilewhich-has-the-biggest-footprint

Carbon Footprint

New Results of Cao Hongyi

---------------------------------

My Ecological Footprint:

If everyone lived the same lifestyle as me, we would require the regenerative capacity of 1.1 planets each year.

How does my Footprint compare?

To support my lifestyle, it takes 2 global hectares of the Earth’s productive area.(Energyland makes up the largest part)

Which areas of my Footprints are the largest?

The Footprint of food is the largest and that of services is the second largest.

Course: Footprint Calculator. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2016, from http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

Carbon Footprint of Cao Hongyi (Reduced)

Slavery Footprint of Cao Hongyi Slavery Footprint

Results of Cao Hongyi

My Slavery Footprint: 28 slaves work for me.

The results is lower than the average score for other women my age and for others from Jiaxing, which I suppose is mainly because I live in student dorm and have no child. I have never considered that what I use and eat need to 28 slaves work for me.

Besides eating less meat, using less makeup and living a simple life may help to ease the feeling of guilt of having so many slaves working for me.

Source:

My Footprint / Slavery Footprint. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2016, from http://slaveryfootprint.org/myfootprint#results

TASK 07 | Society Tasks

Where are my clothes made?

CONCLUSION

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China: 3 Korea: 3 Bangladesh: 1 Sri Lanka: 1

Worksheet: Where are my clothes made? (Cao Hongyi)

Carbon Footprint (Initial Calculation)

Carbon Footprint

Results of Bao Jiaqi

My Ecological Footprint:

If everyone lived the same lifestyle as me, we would require the regenerative capacity of 1.2planets each year.

How does my Footprint compare?

To support my lifestyle, it takes 2.1 global hectares of the Earth’s productive area.(Energyland makes up the largest part)

Which areas of my Footprints are the largest?

The Footprint of goods is the largest and that of food is the second largest.

Course: Footprint Calculator. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2016, from http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ page/calculators/

To reduce my footprint

As there is little change I can make with Shelter and Vehicle, the possibilities to reduce my footprint are mainly about food, good and mobility.

For example,

- eating less meat and fish (change from two or more servings per day to less one)

- organize entertainment or culture events in a more sustainable way - travel less by plane and take train instead (‘If you take the train, then you’ll cut carbon dioxide (CO2) by half compared to the plane’[1])

Source:

[1] Motavalli, J. (n.d.). Plane, train or automobile: Which has the biggest footprint? Retrieved October 10, 2016, from http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/ transportation/blogs/plane-train-or-automobilewhich-has-the-biggest-footprint

Carbon Footprint of Bao Jiaqi (Reduced) Reduced Carbon Footprint

New Results of Bao Jaiqi

My Ecological Footprint:

If everyone lived the same lifestyle as me, we would require the regenerative capacity of 0.9 planets each year.(Wow)

How does my Footprint compare?

To support my lifestyle, it takes 1.7 global hectares of the Earth’s productive area.(Energyland makes up the largest part)

Which areas of my Footprints are the largest?

The Footprint of food is the largest and that of services is the second largest.

Course:

Footprint Calculator. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2016, from http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ page/calculators/

TASK 07 | Society Tasks

Slavery footprint

Results of Bao Jiaqi

My Slavery Footprint: 23 slaves work for me.

The results is lower than the average score for other women my age.

Source: My Footprint / Slavery Footprint. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2016, from http://slaveryfootprint.org/ my-footprint#results

Slavery Footprint of Bao Jiaqi

Worksheet: Where are my clothes made? (Bao Jiaqi)

Where are my clothes made?

CONCLUSION

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China: 3 Bangladesh: 2 Cambodia: 1 Indonesia: 1 Turkey: 1 Tunisia: 1

Where are my clothes made?

CONCLUSION OF US THREE

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China: 9 Bangladesh: 5 Korea: 3

Turkey: 2 Vietnem: 1 Cambodia: 1 Indonesia: 1 India: 1 Sri Lanka: 1 Bulgaria: 1

Tunisia: 1 Portugal: 1

The survey shows that most of our clothes are made in China, because we live here and also China have a large number of clothing manufactories. Besides, Asian countries play a significant part in producing clothes for the world and the reason may be the cost of labour and land is rather low there. In addition, some of European countries like Bulgaria make great contributuion as well.

To sum, this is an indication of globalization.

Worksheet: Where are my clothes made? (Three in all)

for

LCA of TOOTH BRUSH

LCA of toothbrush

We all use toothbrush everyday. It’s such a common thing in our daily life. I won’t notice the waste of the toothbrush without this homework. A toothbrush is made of plastic,nylon and rubber. They will be produced in factory and transport to market. And then they will be sold to several families.It’s a periodic product. We use it for 1-2months and then we will waste it and change a new one. Most of the waste goes to be landfilled.

Life-cycle assessment for sustainable design

Conclusions

PLA requires the least amount of energy to produce.

PLA release the least amount of carbon dioxide during production.

PLA requires more water to produce than PP and PET, but less than Styrofoam.

TASK 08 | Life-cycle assessment for sustainable design

LCA of toothbrush

During its life cycle.It will take a lot of energy and produce a great mountain of emission.The step of maunfactory and pre-maunfactory have great impact.

Solutions

Plastic toothbrush can be reused as a cleaning tool, but is ultimately disposed of in a landfill, bamboo brush and brush with corn can be reused and recycled, is biodegradable.

REDUCE: change the form of the toothbrush,let it become more slim.

REUSE: just change the head of the toothbrush,reuse the body.

RECYCLE: recycle the waste of materials

And we think about solutions to decrease its negative impact.

REDUCE: can reduce materials in process of produce and decrease the emission in the disposal step REUSE: just change the head of toothbrush,and reuse the body can reduce the materials and energy , water which cost in maunfactory and emission in the disposal step.

RECYCLE: the waste production can be a kind of of raw material to produce new things.

Description

The kingfishers have long, dagger-like beaks. The bill is usually longer and more compressed in species that hunt fish, and shorter and more broad in species that hunt prey off the ground. The largest and most atypical beak is that of the shovel-billed kookaburra, which is used to dig through the forest floor in search of prey.

Strategy

The beak of kingfishers allows splashless entry into water due to the wedge shape it makes with the head that is round in cross section.

If a kingfisher had a rounded beak, such as on the left, it would push water ahead of it, scaring or displacing the prey. Instead, the wedgeshaped beak and head (right) enters the water without a splash, increasing the changes of a successful hunt.

Source:

[1]https://asknature.org/strategy/beak-providesstreamlining/#.WAh32rEiudl

Biomimicry work

Eiji Nakatsu, an engineer with JR West and a birdwatcher, used his knowledge of the splashless water entry of kingfishers and silent flight of owls to decrease the sound generated by the trains. Kingfishers move quickly from air, a low-resistance (low drag) medium, to water, a high-resistance (high drag) medium. The kingfisher’s beak provides an almost ideal shape for such an impact. The beak is streamlined, steadily increasing in diameter from its tip to its head. This reduces the impact as the kingfisher essentially wedges its way into the water, allowing the water to flow past the beak rather than being pushed in front of it. Because the train faced the same challenge, moving from low drag open air to high drag air in the tunnel, Nakatsu designed the forefront of the Shinkansen train based on the beak of the kingfisher. Engineers were able to reduce the pantograph’s noise by adding structures to the main part of the pantograph to create many small vortices. This is similar to the way an owl’s primary feathers have serrations that create small vortices instead of one large one.

Source: [1]https://asknature.org/idea/shinkansen-train/#jpcarousel-5637