R. Dweik Environmental Portfolio

PORTFOLIO

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ROWAIDA DWEIK

I am an Architect and Designer based in Abu Dhabi. I enjoy designing buildings and cities to create the right environment for people and help to improve their lives and make it better and enjoyable.

When not working, I enjoy fishing and spending time on personal projects.

LOCATION : Abu Dhabi, UAE

EDUCATION : BArch (2012), MArch (2021)

EXPERIENCE: 3 years designer

TRAVEL MODE: Public Transportation/ Bikes / Private Cars

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

I enjoyed working for the United Nations to help improve the living conditions of the palestinian refugees in Jordan by Removing toxic asbestos structures and designing new houses that better serve the community for a decent living.

Me visiting the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland, June 2019

CARBON AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT INFORMATION

https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprintcalculator/

My estimated totals will save me around $6,831 yearly and will help reduce CO2 immissionsby 44,399 lbs. trying to be active in the sustainability feild, my actions will decrease the amount of gasoline buned per year.

https://www.footprintcalculator.org/ home/en I think I generally alot of trash in my day to day life and would like to consider all factors harming the environment and would be cutting down my garbage and trying to recycle as best as I can.

I would also love to decrease my amount of using a pricate car for public transportation, If everyone on earth lived like me, we would need 7.1 Earths.

| ROWAIDA DWEIK

INTEGRATED DESIGN SKETCH

AMHERST COLLEGE NEW SCIENCE CENTER

2019 COTE TOP TEN CASE STUDY

key aspects used in the building:

1. high-performance envelope

2- abundant natural light

3. High-performance triple-pane glazing, a curtainwall on west elevations

4. Opaque, natural ventilation panels were used in the faculty offices to provide natural ventilation

5. On-site power is generated using photovoltaic array integrated into the Commons roof monitors

Because of the building’s north–south orientation, Payette also had to address the fact that its longest wall—400 feet long, to be exact—was exposed to direct afternoon sunlight.

NATURAL LIGHTING SHADING

The wall facing west elevation needed to be almost all glass to allow natural lighting into the center’s laboratories.

Inside the windows run retractable shades; when lowered, they create a solar chimney—the air between the window and the shades absorbs external heat, which rises to a rooftop monitor and radiant convective panels.

PROJECT ATTRIBUTES

Year of design completion: 2015

Year of substantial project completion: 2018

Gross conditioned floor area: 251,000 sq ft

Gross unconditioned floor area: 0 sq ft

Number of stories: 6

Project Climate Zone: ASHRAE 5A

Annual hours of operation: 8760

Site area: 522, 922 sq ft

Project site context/setting: rural

Number of residents, occupants, visitors: 1,380

PROJECT TEAM

AV/Vibration/Sound Consultant: Acentech

Code Consultant: Code Red Engineer – Civil: Nitsch Engineering

Engineer - MEP: Van Zelm, Heywood & Shadford, Inc.

Engineer - Structural: LeMessurier Envelope and Waterproofing

Consultant: Simpson Gumpertz & Heger

Façade Consultant: Studio NYL

General Contractor: Barr & Barr Graphics: SurfaceMatter Design

Landscape Architect: Michael van Valkenburgh Associates

The Greenway’s surrounding landscape met with the transparent west-facing glass façade that provides the Commons with remarkable views of native ecology

West Facade - Entry building from campus

PORTFOLIO | ROWAIDA DWEIK

Estimated occupants who commute via alternative transportation (biking, walking, mass transit): 87 percent

Estimated annual carbon emissions associated with the transportation of those coming to or returning from the building: 195 metric tons

Percentage of the site area designed to support vegetation: 58 percent

Percentage of site area supporting vegetation before project began: 61 percent

Percentage of landscaped areas covered by native or climate appropriate plants supporting native or migratory animals: 23 percent

PREDICTED CONSUMED ENERGY USE INTENSITY (EUI): 91 kBtu/sq ft/yr

PREDICTED NET EUI: 89.5 kBtu/sq ft/yr

PREDICTED NET CARBON EMISSIONS: 26.3 lb/sq ft/yr

76% energy reduction compared the 2030 baseline

Building Materials:

Glass (framed curtain walls)

Brick Masonary Exposed Concrete

Weathered Steel fins

Metal composite Wood hemlock slate ceilings

Wood hemlock slate ceilings

Weathered Steel fins Curtain

58% Supports Vegetation

The landscape immediately adjacent to the New Science Center includes a café terrace, winter garden, and several heritage trees preserved through construction, all reinforcing the inside-outside relationship between the building and the site.

Green infrastructure strategies, such as a green roof, porous pavement, a biofiltration rain garden, infiltration, and rainwater harvesting, all effectively manage the site generated stormwater.

PROGRAM/PROJECT USE

The new $165,000,000 Science Center project is 240,000 SF and houses a program area of 130,000 SF that consists of new teaching and research facilities for the Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Psychology departments, along with shared resources including a science library, lecture halls, classrooms, support spaces, conference rooms and social spaces.

Site Plan Scale 1:2000

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FEATURES

Building’s north–south orientation.

Much of the exteriors are brick or steel, which are thermally separate from the internal walls, further reducing demand on the HVAC system.

Community engagement: Stakeholders were involved throughout most of the process.

Walk score: 76

Basement Floor Plan Scale 1:1000

Steet Entrance

Commons Entrance

Ground Floor Plan Scale 1:1000

First Floor Plan Scale 1:1000

Second Floor Plan Scale 1:1000

Spaces overlooking the outdoor rain gardens commons

Interior view of the spaces within the college / Common meeting areas

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FEATURES

The 66’ tall triple glazed curtainwall is hung froom a 40’ roof cantilever resulting in maximized transparency from vantage points.

Parametric thermodynamic modeling of custom radiant heating and cooling systems ensures occupant comfort.

Source: “New Science Center.” Payette, January 14, 2021. https://www.payette.com/project/amherstcollegensc/.

Layered Transperancy

Using high-efficiency chilled beams to cool non-laboratory spaces, and a cascade circulation system that recycles air from the offices and common areas into the labs, where it is vented out.

Before leaving the building, the air passes through a convection heat recovery system, which draws energy out of the exhaust for use elsewhere.

Source: “New Science Center.” Payette, January 14, 2021. https://www.payette.com/project/amherstcollegensc/.

Thermal Efficiency

Source: “New Science Center.” Payette, January 14, 2021. https://www. payette.com/project/amherstcollegensc/.

Internal view of the western facade curtain wall

PORTFOLIO | ROWAIDA DWEIK

CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

HUMID CONTINENTAL (DFA):

This climate zone has warm-to-hot humid summers with cold (sometimes bitterly cold) winters. The average temperature of the warmest month is 71.6 F (22 C). There is usually no dry season with this classification, and the rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year.

1- TEMPERATURE RANGE

the graph showed that there has to be great reliance on heating since this is a winter climate, The building includes many sophisticated features from a mechanical and electrical system perspective, including chilled beams.

2- RADIATION RANGE

The building designed a PV array with high energy collection along the surface of the PV panels. Graph showed that there has to be an angle of 45 degrees for a considerably large amount of radiation.

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES 3- SUN SHADING CHART

In the summer months in Amherst, there

SUSTAINABLE

1- TEMPERATURE the graph great reliance winter climate, sophisticated and electrical including chilled

2- RADIATION The building high energy the PV panels. has to be considerably

3- SUN SHADING CHART

In the summer months in Amherst, there is a great amount of red dots which are above the thermal comfort zone, the building has been built deep into a hill with terraced levels of green roofs and deep overhangs for solar control.

Active interior and exterior shading systems are employed for solar control and daylighting optimization to supplement fixed exterior shading devices.

SUSTAINABLE

1- TEMPERATURE the graph great reliance winter climate, sophisticated and electrical including 2- RADIATION

The building high energy the PV panels. has to be considerably

PSYCROMETRIC CHART

DESIGN STRATEGIES

1. INSULATED GLAZING SYSYTEM

Provide double pane high performance glazing (low E) on wesr, north and east but clear on south for maximum passive solar gain

The building’s north–south orientation and its longest wall was exposed to direct afternoon sunlight. the west wall needed to be almost all glass to allow natural lighting into the center’s laboratories.

The building rovides installed highperformance triple-glazing with two low-E coatings on west, north, and east facades to deflect exterior light and reflect and retain internal heat.

Automatic Interior shades

Captures heat between shading and glazing

Inside the windows run retractable shades; when lowered, they create a solar chimney—the air between the window and the shades absorbs external heat, which rises to a rooftop monitor and radiant convective panels.

3. DAYLIGHTING & ENERGY USE

Small well-insulated skylights reduce daytime lighting energy and cooling loads. 72% of floor area with direct views of the outdoors Steel Fins

Organize floorplan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specific functions that coincide with solar orientation

Skylights used in this building difuse northfacing natural light into spaces which would decrease energy consuption for lighting and cooling.

Designers kept glass to a minimum: Much of the exteriors are brick or steel, which are thermally separate from the internal walls, further reducing demand on the HVAC system.

Skylight

Amherst college new science center’s main sustainable features focused on reducing energy use by the building’s orientation and water collection from the site to achieve best possible solutions when designing for climate.

The new center successfuly reduced energy consumption to 89.5 KBtu/sqft/year. therefore reducing the operational carbon emissions for the overall building of its type.

DESIGN FOR INTEGRATION

The new science center focused alot of attention on ecology aspects and climate appropriate landscapes. rainwater harvesting and water savings were major design measures that helped water conservation and reuse applied through the building .

The New Science Center is sited at the east edge of the new Greenway landscape, connecting the sciences to the rest of the Massachusetts campus. The building is organized around “the Commons,” a dramatic multistory atrium.

Faced with an aging science center, the client sought a new, forward-looking building that would create an open learning environment for the entire campus community. The landscape features new, fully accessible walkways and bike paths linking the buildings on the Greenway to the rest of the campus.

The building is marked as a 76 walkscore which means the area is very walkable and easy to circulate. There were major introduction for alternative transportation and that has reduced carbon by 89% of the baseline.

The building showed very high performance for its reduction for parking spaces and the use of bike racks for students all over the college.

DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

The new Greenway landscape embraces the New Science Center and reorganizes circulation of the eastern campus, bridging a former divide between the upper and lower precincts.

The landscape planting returns large portions of the site to a native ecology with many features promoting intimate engagement with nature. A terraced hillside orchard of cherry and crab apple trees mitigates 40 feet of grade change.

Green infrastructure strategies, such as a green roof, porous pavement, a biofiltration rain garden, infiltration, and rainwater harvesting, all effectively manage the site generated stormwater.

Excavation spoils were used to form a new grass amphitheater for campus-wide events, framed by rolling lawns and informal plantings of deciduous and evergreen trees. The landscape immediately adjacent to the New Science Center includes a café terrace, winter garden, and several heritage trees preserved through construction, all reinforcing the inside-outside relationship between the building and the site.

DESIGN FOR WATER

The project incorporates conservation measures and meaningful visual and sensory connections to water. A water feature under the main staircase at the heart of the building creates a biophilic connection through gentle sounds and reflected light.

it also signals rainwater being diverted to the central chiller plant, reducing potable water consumption by approximately 1 million gallons per year. The Greenway landscape is designed to require zero potable water irrigation once the plants are established.

Regular annual irrigation relies on reuse of captured stormwater, ensuring the longevity of vegetation; over time, it will help reduce the amount of financial and operational resources necessary to maintain the project.

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

The building and laboratory design is highly space efficient, maintaining safe lab practices while minimizing the built area. Because the building is a concrete structure, the team was able to make more economical design decisions.

For example, by reducing the floor-to-floor height and simplifying slab edge conditions, the overall building height is reduced with the use of hydronic systems. This minimizes the exterior enclosure and building surface area, decreasing expenses on building materials and vertical runs.

Expression of this exposed concrete structure as the finish material in laboratories, corridors, and egress stairs further reduces the need for added finishes.

The building design and mechanical systems foster economical operation, saving $393,300 annually.

This reduction was achieved through a combination of strategies, including decoupling ventilation and conditioning with hydronic heating/cooling, low-flow fume hoods, and controlling peak loads in order to reduce air handing unit size.

DESIGN FOR WELLNESS

The project strives to promote human health, productivity, and well-being. The creation of meaningful connections between the site, water, and native ecology help improve occupants’ sense of biophilia and comfort when working in and around the building.

Suffused by daylight and views, a strong relationship to the outside creates a connection to campus and aims to increase productivity. Regularly occupied spaces in the Commons, offices, and gathering spaces feature high levels of daylight autonomy.

Since moving into the building, faculty members have noted that the building has changed the way they teach and significantly increased inter- and intradepartmental communication, evidence of the design stimulating collaboration in the organizational and academic culture.

Designed for maximum sustainability, the design team developed sophisticated solutions. The resulting innovations set the stage for the Science Center to preform at an unparalleled level of energy efficiency.

RESULTS

Since moving into the building, faculty members have noted that the building has changed the way they teach and significantly increased inter- and intradepartmental communication, evidence of the design stimulating collaboration in the organizational and academic culture.

To date, the project team has communicated with faculty and building users during initial occupancy. We have learned that informal learning spaces are heavily used and are consistently occupied, even by non-science students.

DESIGN FOR WATER

Step 1: Find the number of square inches in one square foot of surface area. square inches = 1 square foot

12” x 12” = 144 square inches = 1 square foot

Step 2: Convert to volume! In order to find the cubic inches of precipitation that fall per square foot of surface area per inch of precipitation, multiply the result from Step 1 by one inch of precipitation to find the cubic inches of water per square foot.

144 cubic inches of precipitation per square foot

Step 3: Convert to gallons! Find the gallons of precipitation that fall per square foot of sur face area: divide the result from Step 2 by 231 cubic inches per gallon.

0.6234 gallons of precipitation per square foot for one inch of precipitation

Step 4: Look at Chart A: what is the average annual precipitation in Boston in inches for the years 2010-2019?

43.96 Inches (average)

Step 5: Calculate the average annual precipitation in gallons per square foot in Boston by multiplying the result in Step 3 by the result in Step 4:

0.6234 x 43.96 = 72.4 gallons of precipitation per square foot (annually)

CONCLUSION

The intent of this exercise is understand how to predict the amount of precipitation that falls on a site. According to these calculation, a roof must be big enough to cature the water needed to supply water throughout the building.

CONVERTING INCHES OF PRECIPITATION TO GALLONS OF PRECIPITATION/SF

RAINWATER CALCULATIONS

PART 1: WATER REDUCTION

How much water could you save annually via shower water use reduction?

Baseline Case

• 2.5gpm showerhead

• 10 minute shower

• 2 showers/day

Water Efficient Approach

• 1.5gpm showerhead

• 10 minute shower

• 1 shower/day

“gpm” means “gallons per minute”

Calculate Annual Water Consumption via Showers

Base: 2.5 gpm x 10 minutes x 2 showers/day x 365 days/year = 18,250 gallons

Efficient: 1.5 gpm x 10 minutes x 1 showers/day x 365 days/year = 5,475 gallons

Water Savings = 12,775 gallons saved per year

CONCLUSION

The intent of this exercise is understand how to predict the amount of precipitation that falls on a site. According to these calculation, a roof must be big enough to cature the water needed to supply water throughout the building.

FIXTURE CALCULATIONS

IN-CLASS EXCERCISE

What is the annual water consumption for the office space described below?

Demand Assumptions

• 28 employees

- 20 of these work full time (40 hours/week) - 8 of these work part time (20 hours/week)

• Population is 50% male/50% female

• Men’s room has urinals and toilets

• 260 work days or 2,080 work hours in one year • “gpf”= gallons per flush

• “gpm” = gallons per minute

• 160 visitors per day • 1breakroom

• 1 employee shower

Calculate Annual Water Consumption

Step 1: Determine the FTE (Full Time Equivalent)

20 full time employees + 8 part time employees = _24_ FTE

12 Male Employees

12 Female Employees

80 Male Visitors

80 Female Visitors

Assumptions

• Population is 50% male/50% female

• Men’s room has urinals and toilets

• 260 work days or 2,080 work hours in one year

• “gpf”= gallons per flush

• “gpm” = gallons per minute

Fixture Flow Rates

• High-efficiency toilets and urinals

• Conventional public lavatories

• Low-flow kitchen sink in breakroom

• Low-flow shower

Chart A: Fixture Efficiency - Baseline vs. Improved Efficiency

Chart B: Fixture # of Uses/Day

1 2 3 0.1 0.4 0.5

260 260 260 260 260 260

1.28 0.5 1.28 1.28 0.5 1.28

3993.6 3120 11980.8 2662.4 4160 13312 39,228.80 12 12 80 80

3 3 0.5 0.5

260 260 260 260

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

24 0.1 260 1.8 5

1170 1170 1300 1300 4,940.00 24 1 260 1.8 0.25 2,808.00 5,616.00 52,592.80 SECTION 07 | ASSIGNMENT 11 35 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ROWAIDA DWEIK

WINDOW WALL RATIO

IN-CLASS EXCERCISE

1 - A building has a floor slab that is 20’ x 30’. Each exterior wall is 20’ tall. Windows comprise 25% of the walls. There are two (2) doors and each is 3’ wide by 7.5’ tall. The hip roof is 1,400 sf total. What percentage of the overall building is each component?

Floor Slab = 20’ x 30’ = 600 sf

Walls = 2x(20’x20’) + 2x(20’x30’) = 2000 sf

Windows : 0.25 x 2000 sf = 500 sf

Doors Area = 2(3 x 7.5) = 45 ft²

Gross Wall Area = 2000 ft² - 500 - 45 = 1455 ft²

Area of roof = 1400 ft²

Total envelope area = 600 + 2000 + 1400 = 4000 ft²

Gross Wall Area = 1455 / 4000 = 36.375% of overall building

Windows Area = 150 ft² + 150 ft² + 100 ft² + 100 ft² = 500 ft² = 12.5 %

Floor Area = 600 ft² / 4000 = 15 %

Doors Area = 45 ft² / 4000 = 1.125 %

Roof Area = 1400 / 4000 = 35 %

2 - A building with a flat roof has the elevations below. What is the WWR (Window Wall Ratio)? Calculate for each facade and for all walls combined. We are only looking at walls in this case.

North Facade:

Gross Wall Area = 30 ft x 20 ft = 600 ft²

Net Glazing Area = (2.5 x 30) x 2 = 150 ft²

WWR = NGA / GWA = 150/600= 25 %

East Facade:

Gross Wall Area = 20 ft x 20 ft = 400 ft²

Net Glazing Area = (3 x 6) x 6 = 108 ft²

WWR = NGA / GWA = 27 %

South Facade:

Gross Wall Area = 30 ft x 20 ft = 600 ft²

Net Glazing Area = (4 x 30) + (7 x 30) = 120 + 210 = 330 ft²

WWR = NGA / GWA = 55 %

Conclusion

The most energy efficient window to external wall ratios for south, east, and west orientations are 20%, but for north orientation is 20%–40% [11].

The building here exceeds that range in east, south and west. while the north facade remains within the recommended percentage.

West Facade:

Gross Wall Area = 20 ft x 20 ft = 400 ft²

Net Glazing Area = (3 x 6) x 6 = 108 ft²

WWR = NGA / GWA = 27 %

SHADING DEVICES

IN-CLASS EXCERCISE, PART 1

Use the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool for this exercise (https://susdesign. com/overhang/).

#1- You are located at approximately 45 degrees N latitude in Milan, Italy. - You have a southern-facing window that is 3’ wide and 8’ tall.

- Reference the sun charts for Milan, Italy included in this exercise.

Answer the three italicized items below:

a) Based on the Climate Consultant sun charts, what times of year and times of day is shading most needed in this climate?

Shading is most needed from June to August, That’s when the sun is at its highest radiation from 9 am to 3 pm.

b) Using the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool, design a horizontal shading device that will provide complete or partial direct sunlight shading during the times when it is most needed.

Overhang Width: 9.8

Overhang Depth: 5.6

Height of Shading Device Above Window: 1

Horizontal Offset of Shading Device: 0

c) If you are not able to block all of the direct sunlight during times that require shade with the horizontal shading device, what other passive strategies and/or building elements might you rely on to help provide comfort?

Landscaping, vegetation, wind towers and evaporative cooling pools and orientation of the building

Courtesy of the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool

https://www.susdesign.com/overhang/

IN-CLASS

EXCERCISE, PART 2

#2- You are located at approximately 33 degrees S latitude in Santiago, Chile. - You have a northern-facing window that is 3’ wide and 8’ tall.

- Reference the sun charts for Santiago, Chile included in this exercise.

Answer the three italicized items below:

a) Based on the Climate Consultant sun charts, what times of year and times of day is shading most needed in this climate?

Shading needs to happen between december and March from 10 am to 4 pm

b) Using the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool, design a horizontal shading device that will provide complete or partial direct sunlight shading during the times when it is most needed.

Overhang Width:9.8

Overhang Depth: 5.6

Height of Shading Device Above Window: 1.2

Horizontal Offset of Shading Device: 0

c) If you are not able to block all of the direct sunlight during times that require shade with the horizontal shading device, what other passive strategies and/or building elements might you rely on to help provide comfort?

Courtesy of the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool

40 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ROWAIDA DWEIK

ENERGY CALCULATIONS

Part I - Office Building Example

1. You design a 20,000 sf office building. How much energy does a baseline building of this type consume annually?

Source: 116.4 kBtu/sf x 20,000 sf = 2,328,000 kBtu

Site: 52.9 kBtu/sf x 20,000 sf = 1,058,000 kBtu

2. You complete an energy model and determine that by maximizing passive strategies for solar heat gain in the winter, shading in the summer, and natural ventilation for a significant part of the year, you can reduce the amount of energy your office building (from #1) consumes by 30%. How much energy is your building predicted to consume annually?

Source: 2,328,000 kBtu - (2,328,000 kBtu * 0.30) = 1,629,600 kBtu

Part II - Museum/Restaurant Example

3. You design a 20,000 sf building that contains a 15,000 sf museum and a 5,000 sf restaurant. How much energy does a baseline building of this type consume annually?

Source: (112 kBtu/sf x 15,000 sf) + (573.7 kBtu/sf x 5,000 sf) = 4,548,500 kBtu

4. In addition to applying passive strategies to this museum/restaurant building (from #3), you lower the lighting power density, you take advantage of daylighting and sensors to dim lights when there is enough sunlight to illuminate the space, and you employ heat recovery systems to capture and reuse waste heat. Via these strategies, your energy model predicts that you can reduce the amount of energy your building consumes by 70%. How much energy is your building predicted to consume annually?

Source: 4,548,500 kBtu - (4,548,500 kBtu * 0.70) = 1,364,550 kBtu

5. For your building in #4, you install a small PV array that can provide power for 25% of the demand on an annual basis. How many kBTUs of energy do you need from the grid (which will be powered by a mix of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources)?

341,137.5 kBtu is supplied by PV array on an annual basis 1,023,412.5 kBtu is supplied by the grid on an annual basis

EMBODIED CARBON CALCULATIONS

Reference Materials

Quantities

Concrete Blocks (Area) : 1.05 square meters

Mineral Wool Insulation (Area): 1.03 square meters

Bricks (Quantity): 60 bricks

Mortar (Volume): 0.033 cubic meters

Wall Tiles (Quantity): 5 wall tiles

Weight/Mass

Concrete Blocks : 60 kg/square meter

Mineral Wool Insulation: 7 kg/square meter

Bricks: 2.3 kg/brick

Mortar: 1,650 kg/cubic meter

Wall Tiles: 0.04409 kg/wall tile

Sample Embodied Carbon Factors (kg CO2e/kg)

Concrete Blocks : 0.133 kg CO2e/kg

Mineral Wool Insulation: 1.28 kg CO2e/kg

Bricks: 0.5512 kg CO2e/kg

Mortar*: 0.174 kg CO2e/kg

Wall Tiles*: 6.519 kg CO2e/kg

Conversion for Electricity: 0.6 kg CO2e/kWh

Conversion Factor for Carpet Tiles: 13.7 kg CO2e/m2

Task A: Find the embodied carbon in this wall.

Steps

1 - Establish the building materials that make up the wall.

Concrete blocks ➔ Mineral Wool Insulation

tiles

2 - Calculate the weight of each material in your wall.

➔ Weight of concrete blocks = 1.05 x 60 = 63 kg

➔ Mineral Wool Insulation = 1.03 x 7 = 7.21 kg

➔ Bricks=60x2.3=138 kg

➔ Mortar = 0.033 x 1650 = 54.45 kg

➔ Wall tiles= 5 x 0.04409 = 0.22045 kg

3 - Apply the embodied carbon factor to each material.

Concrete = 63 x 0.133 = 8.379 kg CO2e

Wool insulation = 1.28 x 7.21 = 9.229 kg CO2e Bricks = 138 x 0.5512 = 76.06 kg CO2e

Mortar = 54.45 x 0.174 = 9.474 kg CO2e Wall tiles = 0.22045 x 6.519 = 1.437 kg CO2e

4 - Add all of the embodied carbon together. 8.379+9.229+76.066 + 9.474 + 1.437 = 104.585 kg CO2e

Task B: 4,500 kWh of electricity was used to power site lighting during construction. Construction site lighting is powered by fossil fuels. How much embodied carbon is in the site lighting?

4,500 kWh x 0.6 kg CO2e/kWh = 2,700 kg CO2e

Task C: 1,400 m2 of carpet tiles are installed in an office on day #1. 25% of the carpet tiles are replaced every other year for the lifetime of the office space. The lifetime of the office space is 20 years. What is the total embodied carbon for the carpet flooring for the lifetime of the office space?

1400x25%= 350sqm

((1,400 m2) +(350 m2 x 9 replacements)) x 13.7 kg CO2e/m2 = 62,335 kg CO2e

Conclusion

Insulation and cladding choices can make a big difference in the embodied carbon of a wall assembly. concrete is a material with extremely high embodied energy while brick have a relatively low embodied carbon.

EC3 TOOL ASSIGNMENT

1. EC3 SANKEY DIAGRAMS of the Museum of Migration

Task:

Select the materials of your design given the location of your site that would have the least amount of embodied carbon.

After the material selection - review the Sankey diagram that displays the total embodied carbon for your building.

Show a comparative building using either an example or demo project from the library and that building's Sankey diagram.

The final deliverables for this exercise include the :

1. Sankey diagram of your project,

2. Sankey diagram of a comparable building

3. Explanation text that talks about the offsets you considered and the outcomes of your choices

All diagrams courtesy of EC3 tool https://www.buildingtransparency.org

Conclusion

The project considered many beneficial parameters that reduce the embodied carbon estimates for the conceptual design. Locally sourcing the material and locating it within a 50 mile radius from site.

Designing a structure is to represent a balance between environment and economy. Going for an achievable target was the minimum I considered, and the outcome shows that my below the achievable target by 37%.

2. EC3 SANKEY DIAGRAMS of a comparable demo project

PV ARRAY CALCULATIONS

Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency (Facing South)

Inverter Efficiency: 96% Efficiency

Vertical Solar Panels: 13% Efficiency

Thin Film: 18% Efficiency

Flat on Roof

Standard Panel (Type A): 16% Efficiency

High Efficiency Panel (Type B): 22% Efficiency

Angled (42 degrees) on Roof

Standard Panel (Type A): 19% Efficiency

High Efficiency Panel (Type B): 19% Efficiency

Assumptions

20,000 sf office space

16,500 sf lot

2 stories (of equal size)

10,000 sf roof (929 square meter roof )

No shadows from neighboring buildings

Solar panels are facing south

1. Using the Global Solar Atlas Tool, find the Global Horizontal Irradiation for Boston, Massachusetts, USA:

3.5 - 4.0 kWh/sq.m/day

Site Solar Radiation = 929 kWh/m2 x 4 = 3176 per year (Global Horizontal Irradiation)

2. What is the baseline energy consumption (EUI) for this building type?

Source: 116.4 kBtu/sf x 20,000 sf = 2,328,000 kBtu

Site: 52.9 kBtu/sf x 20,000 sf = 1,058,000 kBtu

3. If you design your building to consume 70% less energy than the baseline (via passive strategies, high efficiency mechanical equipment, LED lighting, natural daylighting and ventilation, etc.), what is your pEUI?

a. Source EUI: 2,328,000kBtu - (2,328,000 kBtu * 0.70) = 698.400 kBtu

b. Site EUI:1,058,000 kBtu - (1,058,000 kBtu x 0.70) = 317.400 kBtu

4. Due to cost restrictions, you choose Panel Type A, 0 degree tilt angle. How much energy are you able to generate? Have you achieved net zero source energy?

Energy Yield = 1,255 kWh/m2 per year x 1.5 m2 x 22% x 96% = 397.584 kWh

Convert kWh to kBTU: 3.412 kBtu x 397.584 = 1380.41 kBTU

https://globalsolaratlas.info/map

Multi Year METEOSTAT PSM Global Horizontal Irradiance (Wh/sq.m/day)

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