Adaptive Sedimentation

Cover photo from J. Carrier’s Portfolio All photos of Lagos from web sources Cited at end

ADAPTIVE

SEDIMENTATION

LAGOS, NIGERIA I s l a n d

M a r k e t

P r o t o t y p e T i a n z e T i m o t h y

A d d i t i o n a l A d a m

L o u i s

|

A l y x

T e a m :

L i

G o h e e n

L a g o s

R o b i n s o n

D e v e l o p m e n t

|

S t u d y

C o d y

T e a m :

J o n e s

|

D i l l o n

G o g a r t y

FORWARD

The project detailed in this book is part of a third year studio project which introduced and utilized new and currently developing technology with a goal to train students in rapid technological utilization and incorporation to meet modern challenges in a world that is rapidly producing new and diverse tools for designers.

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward PART I

i ANALYSIS

Introduction

Project Background

Project Goal

Arrival City Selection Process Mapping Phase

Round 1

Round 2 Indexing Phase

26 - 49

Meshing Phase

46 - 55

Mesh Model

56 - 58

Midterm Review | Transition

60 - 61

PART II

2-7

8 - 25

PROTOTYPE

Introduction

Intervention Strategy

Assessment of Current Settlements Adaptive Tendencies to Rules

62 - 65

Design Optimization

Prototype

Zoning Based on Typologies

Building Population

Architectural Prototype Existing Constructions Proposed Constructions

Model Work

72 - 79

Conclusion Sources

66 - 71

80 - 94

95 96 - 97 1

INTRODUCTION Project Background

As the global population increases from around 7 billion currently to 9 billion by 2040 the world will see widespread urbanization, conurbation, and formation of megacities. The rate at which this process is occurring is ever increasing and as such urban planning and solutions to problems require new tools for effective intervention.

This project was an introduction to both existing theory on urban analysis and growth as well as to methods of analysis. For these methods we selected the Grasshopper plug-in for Rhino as our software of choice.

image 1

World Population Growth

7 Billion

www.woldometers.info

image 1 World Map with centers of high density population highlighted. figure 1 World population past, present, and projected.

2

figure 1

2014

Project Goal

The goal of this project is to research the urban conditions, materials and construction techniques and develop an architectural prototype through a logical methodology that is culturally and contextually relevant in addressing the discovered tendencies.

image 1

image 1 A typical informal housing condition and common location for migration within Lagos. image 2 Lagos city area showing development and contrast between formal and informal development.

image 2

3

INTRODUCTION Arrival City Selection

The country of Nigeria lies in the crook of Africa, and is home to many different regions and climates. This project specifically focuses on the coastal city of Lagos, found in the state of Lagos. It is the second largest city in Africa, both in size and population.

As a coastal nation and city, Lagos thrives in a symbiosis between the water, the people and the landscape.

The city of Lagos is faced by several major issues: a lack of infrastructure, constant flooding, and a serious issue with pollution. These issues all have a different cause and effect relationship with each other, and the study of these things eventually will lead to the suggestion of a prototype to “solve” some of the problems.

The lack of infrastructure affects several aspects of the city and the population in Lagos, from the inefficient waste management system that exists to the lack of quality road ways. Though the State is tasked with the pick-up and disposal of waste and sanitation, the system does not work outside of the “planned” areas of the city, and sometimes not even there. When it is picked up, the waste is taken to the main sanitation site in the northern portion of the mainland or the smaller secondary sites found around the mainland and on the eastern portion of Lagos Island.

Due to the proximity of these waste sites, residents of undeveloped areas are often forced to dispose of their waste in the rivers, Lagoon or the surrounding landscape, damaging the environment, the water sources and their settlements. Due to the nature in which the informal settlements often crop up in, they lack the infrastructure that is found within the city itself, though this is not an issue only in these areas. They lack paved roads, electricity, sewage systems, plumbed water, and the like.

4

Nigeria

Lagos State

This map of Nigeria shows the city of Lagos as the “Arrival City”, a concept that explains the sudden and extreme boom in population that is happening in numerous cities across the world.

Here, it shows the city of Lagos as the migratory destination for numerous villages scattered across the state of Nigeria. These people move out of their villages and travel towards the city in hopes of finding better lives for themselves and their families. They are often forced to seek out work in the city due to conditions in their home villages, which limits their ability to raise and support families.

NIGERIA Kwara

Oyo

Osun Ekati Anambria

Ogun

Imo

Edo

LAGOS

Delta Abia

Countries with Largest Population

www.woldometers.info 1:04 PM May 4 2014 image 1 A map of Lagos, as the “Arrival City” for the greater area of Nigeria. image 1

5

INTRODUCTION Methodology Part I

exploration Re-assess Round II Landscape Environment Filter Complex Urban Tissue

Program

Relationships

Region Selection

Mobility Flows DATA

MAPPING

(ORGANIZING DATA)

INDEXING

(CONNECTING ORGANIZED DATA)

MESH

(STRATEGY FROM CONNECTIONS)

Culture Construction Types Problems

6

Methodology Part II

proposal

Development of Prototype and Proposed Architectural Typology

Region Selection Intervention Strategy & Prototype Parameters

Culture Construction Types Problems

7

MAPPING INTRODUCTION

To begin, the research was focused on information and data from the city of Lagos and the surrounding areas that was predominant and easily accessible. Early information was often taken from satellite images of the area, which allowed for the identification and mapping of things considered important â&#x20AC;&#x201C; like the informal settlements which dot the landscape. Also considered was what a â&#x20AC;&#x153;buildable slopeâ&#x20AC;? might be considered, and though it was decided that <15* was acceptable, it was also discovered that this does not apply to Lagos and the flat topography found in the area (where the majority of slopes in the area were <6*).

image 1 During the 15th century, more than millions slaves and people are exported and imported to Lagos due to the unique geographic position, sitting on the edge of Africa and connecting the US, Europe, South America and Middle East. Lagos then rapidly turns into a massive populated city by shaping the city itself. Within the state, cities keep breaking down and forcing to the south coast.

The next point of emphasis was the water that surrounds the city and general area, found in the Lagoon and its two main rivers, the Obo and Obun. The Lagoon is subject to tides, the rivers which empty into it, as well as the rain run off that reaches it. The constant flooding in the area is a direct result of these factors, combined with the flatness of the topography. It is also important to discuss the pollution levels of the Lagoon and rivers, due to the lack of infrastructure found in many areas of the city, as well as the heavy industrial areas that are located there.

Other preliminary concepts and directions that were studied during this phase included: surrounding land use, road types, the flora and fauna found in the area, construction types and the like.

image 1

8

MAPPING LAGOS, NIGERIA

These images show the reference maps that will be used to call out specific areas being discussed throughout the research, but will also be used to introduce the area itself.

image 1

image 2

image 1 A map view of Nigeria, with the state of Lagos highlighted in the bottom corner. image 2 A zoomed in view of Lagos as an area, with the city of Lagos highlighted. image 3 The city of Lagos, with the area of interest (Ilado Island) highlighted. image 4 A zoomed view of Ilado Island.

image 3

image 4

9

MAPPING COMPLETE ROAD NETWORK

The road networks became a very important aspect in the study of the flows in the city of Lagos. The study evolved from the organization of roads based on levels of connectivity (from highways, to major roads, to minor roads, and continuing on down), to the study of the “block” and how it and the spaces that it created were organized.

Based on the “Streets & Patterns” reading by Stephen Marshall, the image 1 blocks were then organized further into types (of the A-D variety).

image 1 The combined and complete road types across the island of Ilado. image 2 The combined and complete road types across the city of Lagos. image 2

10

HIGHWAYS

image 1 The road networks broken down; the first part of the road networks are the image 1 highways.

11

MAPPING MAJOR ROADS

image 1 Showing the major roads across Lagos city. image 1

12

MINOR ROADS

image 1 Showing the minor roads across the city of Lagos. These are often related to or the same as blocks, but the image 1 study considered them differently.

13

MAPPING BLOCKS

image 1 The blocks in Lagos city. These were considered blocks because of the relationship they had to one another, the spaces they created, and the relationship they hold to the image 1 neighborhoods.

14

ROAD TYPES

image 1 An example image of an “A” type road network.

“A type roads are irregular, with small angular streets that are mostly short/ crooked, and vary in width but go in every direction.”

image 1 image 2

image 2 The “A” type roads found in Lagos. image 3 An example image of a “B” type road network.

“Regular, orthogonal, and rectilinear streets of consistent width, moving in two directions.” image 4 All of the “B” type roads found in Lagos.

image 3 image 4

image 5 An example of a “C” type road network.

“A mix of regularity and irregularity in streets, of a typically consistent width; with curved or rectilinear formations, which meet at right angles.” image 6 The “C” type roads found within Lagos. image 7 An example of a “D” type road network.

“D types are based on a consistent road geometry, with curvilinear or rectilinear formations that meet at right angles.”

image 5 image 6

image 8 The “D” type roads found within Lagos. **Information and images regarding road types from Stephen Marshall’s “Streets & Patterns”

image 7 image 8

MAPPING TRANSPORTATION

This map shows the major transportation routes and stops throughout the city of Lagos, and the immediate surrounding area. The dashed line represents the major bus routes through the city, and although these are not the only routes that exist within the transportation system, they are the “main” routes. Also shown, as black boxes, are the main bus depots.

Not included are the numerous stops found along the route, and other routes. The three ports are marked at the bottom of the page, and the larger airport is marked towards the middle of mainland Lagos.

This is important, because it shows the disconnect that occurs outside of the dense city center, where most of the informal living settlements arise.

There are transportation routes that go near some of the larger slum areas, but they are not afforded the same kind of access as the other image 1 “planned” parts of the city.

Airport

Ports

Major Bus Stops

image 1 A map of the city of Lagos, with the major transportation lines marked out on it. The three ports and airport are marked out, along with the two major bus stops that serve the greater area. image 2 A map of the city of Lagos, where the informal housing clusters are shown in relationship to the major waste dump sites. The sizes of the circle gradient is in relationship to the size image 2 of the dump site.

Trash Sites

16

Informal Housing areas

Major Bus Routes

WATER DEPOTS & WALKING DISTANCES

This map is a diagrammatic representation of the water depots found in the greater Lagos area, and their direct routes. Each circle represents a distance from a central point, which is the water depot, as a diameter. This distance is being considered a casual walking distance, at ½ a mile. As some of the depots are close to each other, their walking distances overlap and create a larger circle. The routes depicted by the dashed lines are the simplified version of the actual routes that water would take, if it were being piped through the system and to Lagos Island.

This is important, due to the fact that the “safe” water available in the city is often piped in. For 11% of the population, it is piped > 1km, and for the other 89% of the population it is piped < 1km. It is thought that only 60% of the city population has access to “safe” water.

image 1 Water Transport Lines

Walking distance to individual water depots

FLORA & FAUNA Nature has a large impact in every community, both in beneficial and detrimental ways. By mapping the dispersion of usable resources (such as trees, and shrubs), there could possibly be some benefit seen to the community surrounding those areas.

We concurred that this should be represented better.

image 1 This diagram map shows the location of the major water depots found in the greater Lagos area. image 2 Flora Dispersion mapping diagram.

SPECIES

image 2 Taliparti Tilacieum Hawaii Sea Hibiscus

Rhizophora Racemosa Red Mangrove

Avicennia African Black Mangrove

Raphia Africana African Palm Tree

17

MAPPING MAKOKO & FLOODING

The rivers in the area of Makoko are notorious for their tendency to swell with water and flood over the banks, due to the lack of slope found in the topography. This combined with the lack of water run off and road maintenance allows the water to run rampant, and use road ways as channels to run further in-land.

image 1

image 1 A real world example of river flooding through the streets of Lagos. image 2 A mapping diagram that shows the raising levels of the river when it floods. image 2

18

FLOOD DISTANCE

528ft

351ft

387ft

TYPICAL INFORMAL HOUSING SETTLEMENT CONDITION After enough time and difficulty with dealing with large file sizes mapping within the entire city an assessment of the informal housing condition served as a waypoint for our continued analysis.

Image 1 As Lagos expands the space available within the city decreases and rent prices escalate. Government continues to push out squatters and illegal housing. The result is that arrival cities fill up the areas between the â&#x20AC;&#x153;cracksâ&#x20AC;? with informal housing.

These communities are typically set back from the street, area smaller, more randomly organized, and of poor quality materials.

image 1

Image 2 The crisis is further escalated as these few spots that many people settle into are areas that were open because they were less desirable. They are prone to flooding, are often locations of garbage dumping, and are less accessible.

The positive side of this is that these people are the strong-willed, the brave, and the resourceful.

This results in subcultures that thrive on innovative small business ventures that make the most of the resources available. Solutions to quality of these communities start with supporting this subculture.

LEGEND

image 2 Formal Housing

Major Streets

Informal Housing

Garbage Dumps

Flood Zone

Waterway

Minor Streets

19

MAPPING ROUND II

When quickly gathering data for the city as a whole proved more challenging than our schedule allowed we quickly moved on to the next stage by narrowing our focus to Ilado Island to the South of Lagos.

20

LAND USE

The focus led to the mapping of how the land was used throughout the localized region of Lagos, primarily focusing on Tin Can Island, Snake Island and Ilado Island. For the combined area, the mapping consisted of Industry, Dense Vegetation, Light Vegetation, Developed Land and Exposed Soil.

The purpose of this mapping process was to locate areas that are appropriate for expansion, which would include the Low Vegetation and Developed Land as important considerations.

TIN-CAN ISLAND ILADO ISLAND

SNAKE ISLAND

image 1 Land Use on Ilado Island, Tin-Can Island, and Snake Island. image 1 LAND USE CATEGORY

Developed Land

Exposed Soil

Industry

Forest or Dense Vegetation

Light Vegetation

21

MAPPING CONSTRUCTION TYPOLOGY

These are the following construction Building Type types that were deduced from viewing a combination of photographs and Metal Roof Construction satellite images.

Wood Frame

Cluster Types Groups of CMU Buildings with Metal Roofs

Thatched Roof Wood Frame

Groups of Buildings with Courtyards

Large Structure Metal Roof CMU

Clusters of Similar Buildings Generic

Under Construction Incomplete

Clusters of Buildings Under Construction

Building With Courtyard

Small Utility or Storage

image 1 Many village houses are built on stilts to avoid flooding. image 2 As development proceeds and populations grow a base infrastructure also expands and construction materials and methods increase in quality. image 1

22

image 2

BUILDINGS AND ROADS

image 1 Buildings and roads were mapped image 1 from satellite imagery.

23

MAPPING FLOODING DISTANCES

The only real difference found between the flooding on the mainland and the flooding on the island lies in the fact that the island is completely surrounded by water. The rivers flood annually, and in the instance that they rise 3 or more feet, almost all of the coastal settlements would be displaced and damaged.

image 1 This diagram map shows the amount of the island that would be covered if the river were to flood 1 foot, 2 feet image 1 or 3 feet.

24

FLOOD HEIGHT

1ft

2ft

3ft

RAIN RUN OFF

Due to the lack of topography found across the city of Lagos and Ilado island, the rain has little option to â&#x20AC;&#x153;run offâ&#x20AC;? the land and into the rivers. This causes the water to pool across the Island, which can become quite hazardous due to the lack of infrastructure also found on the island.

The combination of the flooding and the water pooling seriously restricts the amount of buildable area found.

image 1 Lines of Water Run Off

Pooling Water

image 1 This map diagram represents the run off lines and their relationship to where the water pools on the Island. image 2 Shows the run off pools by themselves, without the run off lines. image 2 POOL HEIGHT

1ft

2ft

3ft

25

INDEXING INTRODUCTION

The next phase, Indexing, evolves from the previous phase by studying the relationships between the different groups of information that were mapped.

The focus of the project then turns to the informal housing areas known as Makoko (on the coastal side of the mainland) and Ilado Island (found south of the mainland). In these villages, the water continues to play an important role in shaping the clusters and the infrastructure found there.

Seen in both areas and other spaces across Lagos, the flooding determines the gradient of housing types and the hierarchy of social standings.

Between the flooding, swamp lands and dense city fabric, the desirable building areas are extremely limited.

Access between Ilado island and the mainland is limited to a single dock and the ferry system, as well as personal docks and boat use, both of which cluster on the northern central side of the island. This further effects the building zones on the island, as one must live within walking distance of the coast to have access off the island. At present, this has heavily affected the flow on the island. This concept can be seen in the paths across the island, and the alleys that carve out the villages.

26

BUILDING PROXIMITIES TO RIVER The areas of the Island which contain the highest density of informal settlements are extremely close to the rivers and other forms of water. Due to this proximity, the housing is in danger of being damaged or destroyed by the flooding. Entire sections of the villages are washed away on a semi-regular basis, requiring the inhabitants to start over and rebuild. Due to this, it was decided that immediate proximity to the river is not necessary.

image 1 image 1 This diagram map of the island represents the proximity of the buildings to the river, and grades their distance by safety. image 1 POOL HEIGHT

<500ft

500-600ft

>700ft

HOUSING DENSITY The high density of the informal housing clusters on the island causes the residents of the area to be tightly packed together. Due to this, any incident (fires, floods) effect many buildings in the area, instead of just singular units.

image 2 A diagram map showing the density of the informal housing clusters, marking houses that are within a 50 foot proximity of 5 or more other houses. image 3 This picture shows an area in Makoko, where the informal housing is extremely dense and very close to the danger of the waters. image 2 FLOOD HEIGHT

Housing with 5 or more buildings within 50 feet

image 3

27

INDEXING DISTANCE TO PUBLIC SPACES

The study of how and why people settle the way that they do evolved to include the consideration of the spaces that are formed by those settlements. These kinds of spaces that are created could serve a public function, like town squares, markets and other kinds of open public spaces where people could gather. Across the island, the proximities of buildings and residences to these necessary open spaces were measured. Everything that was considered a close distance was within <100 feet, while anything too far away was >500 feet.

image 1 This map represents the distance between the houses and the public gathering spaces, which were discerned from Google Earth images. image 1 DISTANCE

0’-100’

100’-250’

250’-500’

500’+

DISTANCE TO MAIN DOCK As the dock and Ferry route is the main way off and onto the island, it acts as an “anchor point” for the island. The informal villages expand from this point and the closer the proximity, the better the land. Due to the size of the island, most of the villages are within moderate walking distance. This excludes the northern point, which is somewhat segregated from the rest of the communities on the island.

image 2 This map highlights the distance from the individual clusters (and gradients image 2 within those) to the central port.

28

DISTANCE

0’-833’

833’-1666’

1666’-2500’

2500’-5000’

5000’+

Contour Elevation Gradient and Relative High Ground

By creating a contour gradient from the high to low point this forms another way of analyzing the favorable higher ground on the island.

image 1

image 1 Showing the mid elevation cut-off where it may be considered safe building grounds. image 2 This further differentiates the land elevation by showing the highest points in green and land at the cut-off level of safety in yellow. image 2 LAND ELEVATION

Dangerous Low Zone

Low End of Safe Zone

High Ground

29

INDEXING LAND USE AND SAFE LAND ELEVATION

The island is 61 percent forest, 24 percent developed land, and 15 percent light vegetation or exposed soil.

image 1

image 1 Updated Land Use Mapping image 2 Land use and safe building area image 2 index.

30

ZONES

Forest

Light Vegetation or Exposed

Developed

Safe Building Area

Already Occupied Safe Building Area

Further exploration of this index relationship shows areas that should be built up and areas where forest regions act as buffers in flood risk zones.

image 1 Land to safe building area index with image 1 added details.

ZONES

Forest in Safe Building Area

Forest as Buffer

Developed at Risk

Safe Building Area

Already Occupied Safe Building Area

31

INDEXING NEIGHBORHOODS

The study of neighborhoods evolved as a consideration of how and why people settle as they do, considering tendencies. The self-organization that occurs on the maps shows this type of patterning which leads us to surmise that like settles with like, to form these communities within communities.

The lines between the â&#x20AC;&#x153;geometric centerâ&#x20AC;? of each block represents the proximity to one another, and shows the relationship that exists there.

image 1 Image of the island as a whole, with the smaller images highlighted on it for context. image 2 The Northern Neighborhood image 3 The Central Neighborhood image 4 The Southern Neighborhood

32

image 1

NEIGHBORHOODS ZOOMED VIEWS

image 2

image 4

image 3

33

INDEXING POPULATION GROWTH ON ILADO ISLAND

Without accurate population data, the growth rate of Ilado island can be measured by the developed and developing areas. The boundaries of the developed areas were traced from the satellite images shown from 2000, 2006 and 2013 to form a growth rate that were then averaged to a yearly rate and represented on the map.

image 1

image 2

image 3

image 4

image 5

image 6 6.2%

10.8%

image 1 A satellite image of Ilado island from 2000 image 2 A satellite image of Ilado island from 2006 9.3%

image 3 A satellite image of Ilado island from 2013 image 4 A close up of image 1 image 5 A close up of image 2 image 6 A close up of image 3 image 7 The index diagram map of the island growth between 2000 and 2013

34

YEAR GROWTH AREA

9.6%

image 7 2000 130.4 Square Miles

2000 - 2006 144.8 Square Miles

2006 - 2013 129.5 Square Miles

%

Indicator of Average Annual Growth Rate

9%

Total Average Annual Growth Rate Per Year

INDEXING DISTANCE TO NEAREST PATH BY CONSTRUCTION TYPE To analyze construction type trends we indexed the relationship between construction type and the nearest path. This furthers our comprehension of the way the settlements are expanding.

image 1 Showing the construction type with the average closest distance to the image 1 nearest path in each region.

35

INDEXING DISTANCE TO NEAREST PATH BY CONSTRUCTION TYPE: EXTRACTED DATA FEET FROM PATH

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

SOUTHWEST

NORTHWEST

SOUTH

image 1

FEET FROM PATH 1000 NORTHEAST 1

chart 2 Describes the relation of the total building samples from each region.

A shallow slope indicates smaller change in distance within sample a steep slope indicates that a few buildings are significantly farther NORTHEAST 2 away.

800

image 1 Representational lines of the distances from buildings to the nearest path.

Shows polarization toward nearest chart 1 paths.

36

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

Metal Roof

41

204 295

830

1898

S

NE2

200

NE1

400

N

600

SW

chart 1 Extracted data from rhino showing average feet from paths based on construction type, the average of each region, and the average of the whole island.

NW

The average distance is a reference point for where intervention in NORTH connectivity would be beneficial.

643

SAMPLE OF BUILDINGS

chart 2 Thatched/Old Metal Roof

New Metal Roof

Under Construction

Average of Region

Average of Island Median of Island

INDEXING DISTANCE TO NEAREST PATH BY CONSTRUCTION TYPES: REGIONS

DISTANCE IN FEET 1250 1000 800 600 400 200 0

14 19

47 SAMPLE OF BUILDINGS

212

image 1 and chart 1 Shows relationship of construction types to nearest paths for the northwest region. chart 1

image 1

DISTANCE IN FEET 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20

image 2 and chart 2 Shows relationship of construction types to nearest paths for the southeast region. image 2 CONSTRUCTION TYPE

Metal Roof

0

chart 2 Thatched/Old Metal Roof

New Metal Roof

Under Construction

4

15

19

SAMPLE OF BUILDINGS

37

INDEXING DISTANCE TO NEAREST PATH BY CONSTRUCTION TYPES: REGIONS

DISTANCE IN FEET 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

72 105

149 SAMPLE OF BUILDINGS

501

84

142 SAMPLE OF BUILDINGS

287

image 1 and chart 1 Shows relationship of construction types to nearest paths for the north region. image 1

chart 1

DISTANCE IN FEET 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

image 2 and chart 2 Shows relationship of construction types to nearest paths for the south image 2 region.

38

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

Metal Roof

0

27

chart 2 Thatched/Old Metal Roof

New Metal Roof

Under Construction

DISTANCE TO NEAREST PATH BY CONSTRUCTION TYPES: REGIONS

DISTANCE IN FEET 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

image 1 and chart 1 Shows relationship of construction types to nearest paths for the far northeast region. image 1

104

648 1143 SAMPLE OF BUILDINGS

1895

30 34,35 SAMPLE OF BUILDINGS

102

chart 1

DISTANCE IN FEET 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40

image 2 and chart 2 Shows relationship of construction types to nearest paths for the smaller image 2 northeast region.

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

Metal Roof

20 0

chart 2 Thatched/Old Metal Roof

New Metal Roof

Under Construction

39

INDEXING CONSTRUCTION TYPES

To derive usable construction type information, satellite imagery were traced of all the buildings on the island.

The next step was to distinguish between observable variations of construction types. Categories were decided as follows: Thatched and old metal roofs (which were difficult to distinguish between) Metal roofs Newer metal roofs Buildings under construction The differentiation between building areas were then converted to circles image 1 of the same area as their base building contour. This makes it easier to compare the sizes between buildings.

image 1 Mapping of buildings, achieved by tracing Google Earth satellite images image 2 from 2013.

image 3

image 2 Buildings differentiated by construction type, shown with actual shape. image 3 Close up section of Image 2 image 4 Construction type is represented with a circle with the same areas as the initial polygon shape, and accomplished with Grasshopper definitions. image 5 Close up of Image 4

40

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

image 5

image 4 New Construction

New Metal Roofs

Metal Roofs

Thatched Roofs

INDEXING CONSTRUCTION TYPES BY AREA & REGION

14%

4%

Northeast

14%

Total Building Area

by Region

North Center

Northwest

South

Outliers

23% 1011070 SF

526118 SF

320631 SF

332130 SF

101000 SF

45%

pie chart 1

pie charts 2-6 Construction Types by Area

The construction type by building area can be used to distinguish multiple social hierarchical settlement patterns. The construction type may be based on time since establishment, distance from resources or distance from major roads.

Construction types per region have trends which indicate the typical social status of the inhabitants, and where people will tend to settle upon arrival to the island.

Notable trends include the following: Higher quality homes tend to be in longer established, further from the coast, and further from easily accessible resources.

There is a greater quantity of thatched or metal roofs in the northeast corner, which also has the nearest proximity to the coast.

pie chart 1 Total building area by region, based on Rhino area calculations pie charts 2-6 Portions of each construction type per region by area, also from Rhino area calculations image 1 Final Construction types represented by relative area and the centroid of each building CONSTRUCTION TYPE REGIONS FOR pie chart 1

image 1 Metal Roof Northwest

Thatched/Old Metal Roof North Center

New Metal Roof Northeast

Under Construction South

Utility Outlying

41

INDEXING CONSTRUCTION TYPE WITH METABALLS By utilizing a metabolic Grasshopper definition, areas of concentration of a particular construction types were then denoted.

image 1

image 3

images 1 - 4 The series of metaballs based on construction type. image 2

image 4

42

CONSTRUCTION TYPE

New Construction

New Metal Roofs

Metal Roofs

Thatched Roofs

CONSTRUCTION TYPE WITH METABALLS: FINAL

images 1 The series of metaballs as the resulting compilation of overlays. image 1

43

INDEXING FLOWS: HOUSING TO DOCK

The main access to the island is from a ferry and a single dock found in the central section. The dock leads to a row of market buildings and then expands to residential housing.

The flows shown are the derived from the Closest Walk in Grasshopper, to the main dock from each section of the island.

image 1 Shows the relationship between the flows, and the shortest walk from the informal housing clusters to the single dock located in the north central part of the island image 1

44

Flow Paths

FLOWS: HOUSING TO DOCK ZOOMED VIEWS

North Central Cluster

North Eastern Cluster

Western Cluster

Southern Cluster

45

INDEXING FLOWS: BLOCKS & CLUSTERS

Within each informal housing cluster, blocks were estimated based on the distance between houses and what was surmised could be considered an â&#x20AC;&#x153;alleywayâ&#x20AC;? or path.

Shortest Walk was used to draw from the center of each block to the main target of each individual section.

image 1 Shows the relationship between the created blocks and the clusters as a whole.

46

image 1 Flow Paths

Blocks

FLOWS: BLOCKS & CLUSTERS ZOOMED VIEWS

North Central Cluster

North Eastern Cluster

Western Cluster

Southern Cluster

47

INDEXING FLOWS: SHORTEST WALK & CLUSTERS

This last flow highlighted the shortest walk from the center of each block to the main target area of each section.

The shortest walk followed the grid of paths throughout the island The final flow highlighted the Shortest Walk from the center of each block to the surrounding clusters.

image 1 This image shows the relationship between the clusters on the island, and how they would be related by the Shortest Walk Grasshopper definition.

48

image 1 Flow Paths

FLOWS: SHORTEST WALK & CLUSTERS ZOOMED VIEWS

North Central Cluster

North Eastern Cluster

Western Cluster

Southern Cluster

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MESHING INTRODUCTION

So far, the processes completed could all be considered “layers” for the final portion of this study. Mapping arose from the collection of data, and Indexing arose from the combination of those maps. Meshing revolves around the same additive concept and process, because the combination of certain groups of information allows us to make informed decisions about the island, and draw conclusions that would not normally be possible or realistic. These conclusions include the understanding of what could now be considered “buildable” areas on the island, based on the information that is being combined.

The idea behind this phase for our group was to create three separate mini-meshes from each section of study (Environmental, Flows and Programs). The final step is to combine these mini-meshes into a final mesh, to achieve the final “buildable” areas.

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INTRODUCTION OF INDEXES BEING USED

image 1

image 4

image 8

image 2

image 5

image 9

image 3

image 6

image 10

image 7

image 11

Image 1 Shows the Distance to River index Image 2 Shows the Rain water Run off and Pooling index Image 3 Shows the Flooding index image 4 Shows the population index diagram.

expansion

image 5 - 7 Shows the flows index maps. image 8 image 9 image 10

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MESHING FLOWS, GROWTH, and BLOCKS

This index was used to draw out the relationship between flow routes blocks and settlement growth patterns. This is combined with the concept of village cluster expansion as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;flowâ&#x20AC;? in its own sense, and how it represents the movement of a community and how the individuals make their spaces within that community.

image 1 image 1 Shows the combined flow indexes, laid over the Population Expansion over Time indexes to create this mesh

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LEGEND

Flow Paths

Blocks

2000 Developed Area

2000 - 2006 Developed Area

2006 - 2013 Developed Area

OVERLAYS FOR MESH

This mesh differs from the others by taking land use into account as well as community gather points to distinguish between optimal and less optimal but still desirable zones for expansion. It also indicates the existing developed regions that are at risk and could benefit from built up terrain. Finally it shows areas that already have a buffer from flooding of mangrove trees or forest.

image 1 image 1 Shows the combined land use, relative contour elevation, major roads, and nodes in a mesh.

ZONES

Safe Building Area

Forest as Buffer

Developed at Risk

Optimal Building Area

Major Paths

1/4 mi. Radius from Community Gathering Places

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CONCLUSION

After the completion of the Meshing phase and the “Final Mesh”, the areas that were shown to be available for development were taken under consideration for the next phase of the project. The next phase involves the development of a prototype intervention, which would then take under consideration the major site influences, whether they be positive or negative.

Essentially, the goal is to design a “solution” to the issues that were raised in this study while considering the locale and population and their needs. The main driving goals include the development of a sanitary and safe living conditions, while fostering the density and community aspects that are already found in the village clusters on the island. Continuing to consider the construction typologies found in the area will create a image 1 cultural cohesion, while allowing the new arrivals some control over the construction of their own homes.

image 1 The resulting unusable land from the three previous meshes. image 2 The resulting usable land from the image 2 preceding meshes.

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FINAL MESH ZONES

Unusable Zones

Usable Zones

Connection Flows

final mesh The resulting optimal and safe zones formed from all the results of the earlier meshes.

final mesh FINAL MESH ZONES

Optimal Expansion Zone

Safe Expansion Zone

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MODEL Explanation

Our model ran into many complex problems that required a simple solution. The goal of the model was to, in three dimensions, model the overlay of indexes and weave the areas. In this process we need a transparent material that would be cut able yet rigid. The resultant material was 0.10” Acrylic that was originally in an 8’X4’ sheet that we had assistance from Ace Hardware in the cutting process down to 1’X2’ pieces. This was then ran through the laser cutter to shape to Ilado Island and the water off site.

The next problem was supporting the layers, as such we needed a base and risers and supports. In this we used 3/4” plywood and 1/4” Steel weld wire that was originally in a 6’ length that was cut down to 8 ½” lengths. The plywood was cut from a 2’X4’ sheet into two 1’X2’ pieces that were laminated together and planed smooth on the edges. The steel was cut with a dremel and vice then ground smooth on the edges and rounded on one point for the ease of sliding our meshes over. The Spacers were achieved using 5/16” inner diameter brass pipe that was cut to a 1 ½” length with a torsion cutter. This came up with a problem in itself. The cutter would crimp the ends of the pipe making it to narrow to fit over the rod.

The resultant solution was to slowly cut the pipe and grind out the bevel.

56

The process from there was to create a blank maquette of our mesh and to drill holes through the first layer of acrylic. As Adam and Cody started, it became apparent that the pins we were to use for the model were too small for the holes we had drilled, and we needed to fill and glue the pins in place. Another problem arose when we tested glues on a broken piece.

The Super glue from Hodgins frosted the acrylic when it dried, was hard to stop from spreading but was the quickest to dry. Tacky glue proved to be the thickest material that would hold the pin upright, however it took 30 minutes to dry and was not adhered to the pin. We tried acrylic glue, however the dry time was the longest, it was the thickest and easiest to stand up a pin in, yet it was hard to get into our drill hole and do cleanly. The answer was for us to use Tacky glue. This was a long arduous process that we worked through. After Adam and Cody’s layer was finished the idea was presented to heat the pins and melt them into the acrylic. This was the best option.

As the remaining meshes were made, less problems arose with the melting process. The threading is all that was remaining. And that went smoothly.

PROCESS

image 1

image 2

image 3

image 4

image 5

image 6

image 1 Grinding. image 2 Buffing brass. image 3 Weaves and pins showing initial difficulty of glue not holding. image 4 Erecting risers with layer as guide. image 5 Practicing with layers. image 6 Heating pins with flame was discovered to be the most effective method of pin insertion. image 7 Setting heated pins.

image 7

image 8 Threading process using spacers. image 9 Construction typology weave.

image 8

image 9

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MODEL FINAL IMAGES

image 1

image 2

image 3

image 1 Mesh layer 1 image 2 Mesh layer 2

image 5

image 3 Stacked mesh model image 4 Side view image 5 Closeup side view image 6 Close up construction density image 7 Layering

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image 4

image 6

image 7

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REVIEW MIDTERM PRESENTATION

Overall Analysis of Part I:

REVIEWERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COMMENTS

Mesh Depth There is evidence of in depth index analysis, but a failure to translate much of that information into the resulting meshed geospatial information layer.

Darrin Griechen We were telling and not showing.

Too long spent on each slide.

Groups of images not clear for graphics.

Diagrams of design criteria would be helpful.

Graphics While graphics were for the most part consistent there were several failures including the black backgrounds and rainbow colored diagrams which reflects a failure to communicate clearly as a team for consistency and quality.

Steve Austin Mapping is a way to represent data geographically how you want it to be seen.

Connection of Information Context was not shown in some instances. Transition from Makoko to Island not well detailed in presentation.

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John Abell How can you refine your presentation without restarting: Puposcuity would help, showing evidence and then how you reached it.

Since you used grasshopper show how you got what you did.

Use of hierarchy could be better.

Show your insights.

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t leverage the presentation beyond the data.

Show what is unique and what you are building on.

Discuss how this is innovative.

Discuss the difference between how you map different types of information.

TRANSITION

part II

Once we arrived at a region for intervention, namely our mesh, we mored on to Part II which is designing a prototype based on an intervention strategy and parameters from research of the culture, construction types, problems, as well as use of analysis tools such as Grasshopper for Rhino.

Region Selection Intervention Strategy & Prototype Parameters

Development of Prototype and Proposed Architectural Typology

Culture Construction Types Problems

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INTRODUCTION INTERVENTION STRATEGY

AIM With the high flood occurrenc and lack of cohesive planning within the island villages... we are proposing a balanced hybrid network for optimized expansion to address these growing concerns... with the parameters of connectivity, access to water, and access to pathways.

Region Selection Intervention Strategy & Prototype Parameters

Development of Prototype and Proposed Architectural Typology

Culture Construction Types Problems

image 1 Poster advertising Lagos improvements image 2 Culturally relative, contextually appropriate, solution prototype

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image 1

image 2

ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CONDITIONS

1 ACCESS TO WATER Through our analysis we determined what seemed to be the model for this regions settlement expansion and further on attempt to propose a hybrid that builds on this expansion in a culturally relevant way, considering peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience, and in an optimize way, considering inhabitantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tendencies.

We describe the current settlement method as the bottom up expansion of a mostly un-selfconscious society.

This means it is primarily not well thought out but based on a set of a few definable rules.

We measured the current condition of each of our three observed primary factors and for optimization used the average of each category as a limit instead of an average so that each image 1 condition will be significantly improved in our proposed hybrid network for expansion.

1 mile

image 2

image 1 Index access to water. 70 percent within 500ft image 2 Photo showing boats used for connection with other inhabitants

image 3

image 4

image 5

image 6

image 3 Transportation by canoe image 4 Trade and business by canoe image 5 Flooding is a problem image 6 Flooding, water runoff, and soil type make road maintenance problematic.

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INTRODUCTION ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CONDITIONS

2 ACCESS TO PATHS

3 CONNECTIVITY

Access to paths was assessed to determine the average distance to paths per area and per construction type in each area. This allowed us to both make culturally relevant moves for zoning as well as have a value for desired accessibility as a parameter.

Connectivity While we have the resources for measuring connectivity methodically using a grasshopper definition from Configurbanist we have yet to perform this assessment. Rather with the time available we resorted to a quicker method where we simply based connectivity based on shortest paths and on balanced block placement for optimized access and direct routes.

1 mile

image 1

image 2

image 3 image 1 Distance to nearest road image 2 Adjusted voronoi network image 3 Symbol for access to paths image 4 Symbol for connectivity

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image 4

DIAGRAM OF INTERVENTION STRATEGY

Observation of Tendencies

Designers Solutions

Form Rules

Perform with Tools and Studies

Hybrid Combining Adaptation with Optimization

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RULES FROM ADAPTIVE TENDENCIES

This chapter deals with deriving rules from observed tendencies which include access to water, access to paths, and connectivity.

1 ACCESS TO WATER

2 ACCESS TO PATHS

3 CONNECTIVITY

image 1

image 1 Settlement tendencies image 2 Level of detail this stage considers image 2

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PRECEDENT SHOWING BENEFIT OF INLET

If left to bottom up development the island will experience growth simply based on existing conditions. Our analysis and strategy provides optimal locations for intervention to adjust settlement while maintaining the type of expansion that is already known.

Congestion and Less Access

image 1

image 1 Due to the tendency to use water transportation there is crowding of boats around ports

Less Congestion More Accessible

image 2

image 3

image 4

image 2 Shows a precedent for using inlets do distribute access and reduce congestion image 3 Diagram of access to water without inlet image 4 Diagram of access to water with inlet

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RULES ACCESS TO WATER

From our analysis we decided to constrain development to within 500ft of water. We can increase access to more area by adding an inlet(s).

500ft

TENDENCY 70% within 500ft 80% within 600ft 87% within 700ft Tend to expand along waterfront

image 1

RULE DEFINITION Growth should be planned to have buildings within 500ft of water.

Canals should utilize existing water flow paths connecting standing water to shore or be based on 500ft rule. image 1 Distance to water image 2 Inlets increase the perimeter shore line and allow more buildings to be near water

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image 2

600ft 700ft

ACCESS TO PATHS

This tendency a basic characteristic of settlement in general and is still a determining factor in this situation.

TENDENCY Major Paths seem to be formed near the shortest path between clusters and important points.

New Buildings tend to be build along these paths near existing buildings.

image 1

RULE DEFINITION Network of Paths should be set up based on average block size Existing Major paths should act as spine for new growth Use of Voronoi network to maximize buildings that are within average distance of paths. image 1 New settlement tends to be along major paths

image 2

image 2 Where there is resource or other reasons nodes of new settlement spring up along major routes

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RULES CONNECTIVITY

This is the final rule that determines layout and rate of expansion by area.

Distancing

TENDENCY People tend to settle near other people and closer to resources and community.

Attractive

Balanced with tendancy to seek privacy and space.

RULE DEFINITION Growth will show general densification.

Zoning patterns will shape hybrid intervention.

image 1 Diagram of conflicting forces that form an equilibrium like bubbles

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image 1

CONTINUING TO DESIGN OPTIMIZATION

In the following section we go into the use of a strategy for optimizing a proposed expansion zone with tools from Grasshopper for Rhino.

Observation of Tendencies

Designers Solutions

Form Rules

Perform with Tools and Studies

Hybrid Combining Adaptation with Optimization

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DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FORMING A BALANCED NETWORK

This is a summary of the process we used for generating the emergent network.

image 1

image 2

Map Shortest Routes to Edge

image 4

Most Overlaps = Major Routes

image 5

Subdivide Region into Block Size

image 3

Create Connected Geometry Based on Block Centers

Select Secondary Paths

image 6

Overlay Paths and Abstraction

image 1-3 Selecting optimum paths based on shortest paths image 4-6 Overlaying terrain with abstract geometry (Spatial Arrangement) image 7-9 Selecting optimum paths based on shortest paths

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image 4

image 5

Find Locations to Adjust

Adjust Nodes so Edges Align with Roads

image 6

Add Path Where Lacking at Edge

MESH REGION FROM PART I FOR INTERVENTION

image 1

image 1 Optimal build zone from part I image 2 Thumbnail image of overlay layers that formed the mesh region.

image 2

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DESIGN OPTIMIZATION DETERMINING SHORTEST PATHS

image series Showing series of branching networks based on shortest routes to settlement regions with intention of extracting optimum major and minor routes

74

image series

image 1

image 1 Extracting major paths image 2 Resulting major and minor path network connecting settlement villages

image 2

1 mile

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DESIGN OPTIMIZATION SUBDIVIDING MESH REGION

image 1

image 1 Subdivisions based on desirable block size image 2 Trim network for area not between villages or within mesh zone

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1 mile

image 2

OVERLAYING SUBDIVISION CENTROIDS AND PATHS

image 1 Block division centroids before adjustments

1 mile

image 1

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DESIGN OPTIMIZATION COMPLETED BALANCED NETWORK

The dashed blue lines indicate proposed inlets to increase accessibility to water and form a central hub as a market center for the island. The inlets would be built about 40ft wide with maximum 100ft width and would be located along existing low spots where water pooling and flooding is already a problem.

image 1 Expansion network based on balance between shortest paths to villages image 1 and efficient block placement

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1 mile

DESIGN OPTIMIZATION SITE SELECTION RATIONAL

Based on previous analysis and from reading Frei Ottoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s book Occupying and Connecting the tendency is for expansion to occur along major routes and for crossings to be centers of new emerging nodes. With an inlet allowing access to water this central hub becomes a focal point of the island.

image 1

image 2

image 1 Showing expansion pattern and emerging new node at crossroad in center of island image 2 Highlight of the site we selected as a prototype location

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PROTOTYPING INTRODUCTION

At this point we have followed an intervention strategy to subdivide and selectively alter the landscape based on a hybrid between rules we derived from observing the adaptive tendencies and optimization by means of technology.

In this selectively altered region we selected an area that has a variety of situations so we can show a how a solution for the problems that arise from a bottom up expansion are better with zoning.

At the end of this we propose an architectural typology that meets the intent of our larger scale intervention in being contextually relevant, of local construction type, and alleviates known problems.

80

Region Selection Intervention Strategy & Prototype Parameters

Development of Prototype and Proposed Architectural Typology

Culture Construction Types Problems

81

PROTOTYPING CLUSTER TYPOLOGY

From analysis of existing settlements we derived four primary building arangment typologies and a description of the zone condition each tends to lie within. From there we applied it to our site within our proposed balanced network.

a

b

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Business/Port Areas

Communal Residential Inward

Individual Residences w/Court Farther from Center but Near Major Routes

a. Communal Residential Cluster Outward b. Dispersed Residential Farther from main paths

High Concentration Streets Oriented to Port or Hub

Residences Near Major Routes with Facing Inward for Security and Privacy

Typical of wealthier residences May be further from resources

Typical for extremities farther from main routes less need for security Clusters often directed outward as in a.

ZONING BASED ON CLUSTER TYPE

1

2

2

Port/Business

2 Between Major Roads

4

3

1 Major to Minor Roads

2

3 3

in Ma

St.

3 legend

image 1

4

ar ke t

Between Minor Roads

200 ft

M

4

St .

2

image 2

image 1 Zoning image 2 Diagram explaining logic for specific intervention site. Port condition with two major paths intersecting at the border.

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PROTOTYPING

BUILDING POPULATION

D

SE PO O

PR

Our logic in deciding locations and densities of buildings was based on attractors which we categorized as strong, medium, and weak attractors.

Strong attractors include intersections of major roads, and major roads along the waterfront.

Medium attractors included the waterfront and intersection major and minor roads.

Weak attractors were the minor roads and intersections of two minor roads.

T

LE

IN

image 1 Gradient of circlesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; color and size based on proximity to attractors at intersections, roads, and waterfront

84

image 1

This is a diagram describing our process of following a pattern of settlement based on tendencies we observed in the bottom up expansion while in this case there was a prior balanced network established that was then populated instead of the two occurring simultaneously. It is not a precise description of exact moves the people would make and feel accustomed to but based on an algorithmic definition of how this population expands.

diagram1 a

b

c

d

CONVERSION DEFINITION Cull Pattern Width Parameters Lenth Parameters Height Parameters

False, True, False, False 8-12 ft 10-15 ft 8-12 ft

False, True, False, True 9-15 ft 14-20 ft 8-14 ft

False, True, False, True, True 10-16 ft 18-25 ft 9-15 ft

diagram 1 Shows the division of the gradient into three equal quantites of circles diagram 2 From diagram 1 to 2 a cull pattern was applied to each of the three zones and each were populated with buildings with a randomizer that maintained dimensions within set parameters.

diagram 2 a

b

c

d

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PROTOTYPING SCHEMATIC PLAN

Next, we adjusted the building massings based on the zones and cluster typologies for each. We also pulled buildings apart that overlapped and pulled buildings from being on top of the street.

M

ar

ke

t

Main

Dock

200 ft

86

SPACE FOR CIRCULATION DIAGRAMS

87

PROTOTYPING

EXISTING CONSTRUCTION TYPES

We broke down the construction types found on the island into three categories which shows both a hierachy and what our buildings likely should be.

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Stick Framed on Piers

Stick Framed on Ground

CMU

Enclosure: Metal, Wood Boards

Enclosure: Metal, Wood Boards

Enclosure: CMU

Roof: Thatched, Metal

Roof: Thatched, Metal

Roof: Thatched, Metal

PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS We are proposing a few alternative strategies of construction that are still within the typology found on the island so it is familiar and able to be continued. The double layder of finish one interior and one exterior is not normally how the informal housing is built. We beleive the structures will last longer, be more inviting with an interior finish, and it provides a layer of shading and then a thermal break.

Aluminum Corrugated Sheets Framed Wood Structure Lapped Wood Siding Material Thatched Material Wood Frame

Aluminum Corrugated Sheets

image 1

image 2

Attic 5’

image 1 Roof assembly diagram

7’ 5’

image 2 Wall assembly diagram image 3 Section of a possible housing type

image 3

89

PROTOTYPING

ARCHITECTURAL PROTOTYPE DESIGN By creating a protruding main dock with direct access to the main path the population has a direct access to trade and transport goods. The market structure is like a waterfront display for quick and easy trading while it has connection to the community and to the main routes and secondary routes.

image 1

Market Connects Port image 1 Rough rendering of architectural prototype market and dock image 2 Diagramatic section showing relation to surrounding structures and canoe passage under structures

90

Port Dock Bridges and Pathways

Canoe Passage image 2

Water Inlet

At this point the design is very rough.

We decided on the basic layout and basic idea of construction but it is yet to be expanded upon.

Corrugated Aluminum Roof Rust-proof Nails or Other Fasteners

image 3

Wood Framed Truss image 1

Rust-proof Nails or Other Fasteners

image 4

image 2 image 1 Rendering of primary port dock as proposed image 2 Rendering of dock shelter

Metal Frame Connection Local Stone Footing

image 3 Detail of dock shelter image 4 Detail of dock shelter structure image 5 Detail of dock shelter base

image 5

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MODEL Explanation

As a display model for our proposal we decided to represent the design as we did in our design at various scales and levels of detail. Since the neighborhood and buildings are simple massings we left them as such in the model and used plexiglass for the buildings that were outside of the focus area. The plexiglass is trasparent as the buildings are currently non existent and they are the same material as the base as they are peripheral. We then used mdf that was sanded and spray painted to represent the where we were proposing an architectural prototype be designed.

Challenges we faced included dealing with creating an accurate cut for the taskboard to fit into the waffle mold.

Also to bond the plexiglass we ended up melting them together. Taskboard is also very absorbent so drawing the contours and paths was not as clean as we would have liked.

image 1

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PROCESS

image 1 We create a mold out of a final plexiglass base and a disposable chipboard top

image 1

image 3

image 2

image 4

image 2 Showing the scale difference in the waffle molds image 3 The wo molds complement eachoter image 4 Pressing the pieces together over the taskboard. We sprayed the taskboard with water, spread plastic over it to keep burn marks from the chipboard off then we set weight on top

image 4

image 5

image 6

image 5 image 6

image 7

image 8

image 10

image 11

image 12

image 5 After the taskboard dried we glued it down image 6 Drawing contours and pathways image 7 Adding buildings of plexiglass or sanded and painted mdf image 8 Spraypainting buildings

image 7

image 9-12 Finished contours, buildings, and people. Last step is to build architectural prototype

image 9

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MODEL FINAL IMAGES

image 1

image 1 View of final model showing side of prototype image 2 Top view of final model

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image 2

CONCLUSION

This project suceeds in creating a culturally comforatable, contextually responsive, problem solving intervention.

Our primary weak point was an underdeveloped final prototype and diagrams explaining its interaction and design.

It is important to understand that there could have been many outcomes that would be successful within the same strategy of intervention but this describes a typological solution to increase connectivity, access to water, and access to paths.

We lacked translating the specificity of our analysis phase into the design phase in some areas. In retrospect we would have been more descriptive in our intervention process and incorporate those analyses.

Further developement will also include creating better renderings and descriptive diagrams of the process.

We have discussed significantly more about the design than we are able to show here which we plan to continue detailing after this semester.

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SOURCES

PART I

Page

Page

Page

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ANALYSIS Cover Photo

Photo from J. Carrierâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Portfolio (http://www.foto-j.com/#/editorial-portfolio/Web_Portfolio_019)

Image 1 Figure 1

Google Data Visualizations - Populaton (http://www.texturetranscribed.com/assets/2012/10/ worldpop2025.jpg) Worldometer Population Counter (http://www.worldometers.info/world-population)

Image 1 Image 2

Same as Cover Photo (http://www.cluster.eu/v4/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/lagos_lite.jpg)

2

3 5 Population Data 15 Images 1,3,5,7 18 Image 1 19 Photo at Right 22 Image 1 Image 2 Thumbnail Photos 27 Image 3 34 Images 1-6

Worldometer Population Counter (http://www.worldometers.info/world-population) Marshal, Stephen. Streets and Patterns. Spon Press. New York, 2005. p. 85 (http://www.ynaija.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/121005081213-nigeria-flood-story-top.jpg) (http://i.cdn.turner.com/cnn/interactive/2012/06/world/interactive.rio/images/lagos/gallery_1/ Flood1.gi.jpg) (http://static.panoramio.com/photos/1920x1280/8667225.jpg) (http://static.panoramio.com/photos/1920x1280/6478619.jpg) Links From Google Earth Map Info (http://static.panoramio.com/photos) (http://www.cbsd.org/cms/lib07/PA01916442/Centricity/Domain/1290/makoko.jpg) Snapshots from Google Earth

PART II Page 62

Image Page 63

Image

Image

Image

Image

Image

PROTOTYPE 1

â&#x20AC;&#x153;I See Lagosâ&#x20AC;? Facebook Page (https://www.facebook.com/iseelagos)

2

Federal Polytechnical School of Lausanne EPFL, Switzerland. 2013-2014 Architecture Master Thesis (http://nuorleans.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/makoko/) MPR News Photographer, Nate Minor (http://blogs.mprnews.org/newscut/2013/09/photos-inside-makoko-nigerias-venice/) (http://ted.tumblr.com/post/83406875576/this-is-the-makoko-community-built-on-stilts-in) (http://cdn.pmnewsnigeria.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Flood2.jpg) Ayetoro main street. April 2006. By Naijafish (Username) (http://www.flickr.com/photos/naijafinish/139199441/in/photostream/)

3 4 5 6

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Images 1 and 2

Snapshots from Google Earth

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