T. Pitt Environmental Portfolio by Mary Polites

ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO

TSM2001 - SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS

PITT

TYLER

ENVIRONMENTAL

PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Introduction Personal Carbon and Ecological Footprint COTE Building - Discovery Elementary Climate & Design Strategies - Climate Consultant Psychrometric Chart COTE Super Spreadsheet Rainwater & Fixture Calculations Personas Customer Journey Map Window Wall Ratio & Shading Devices Energy Calculations Embodied Carbon Calculations EC3 Tool Assignment Bibliography

OF CONTENTS 03 04 05 10 12 14 26 27 29 32 33 34 35 37 2 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

TABLE

TYLER PITT BIO

Experience

Goody Clancy - Boston, Massachusetts

June 2019 - Present

Architectural Designer at an architecture, planning and preservation firm focused on higher education projects. Worked as a designer and assistant project manager on the renovation and restoration of several student dormitories for prominent university clients.

Hartman-Cox Architects - Washington D.C.

September 2015 - April 2019

Intern Architect at a design firm focused on urban institutional, educational, civic and historic preservation projects. Developed grahics, renderings, and 3D models. Worked as a designer and collaborated with clients and consultants on complex educational and ecclesiastical projects from programming and master planning phases through construction administration.

Professional Interests

Historic Preservation Building Reuse

Low Carbon Design

Healthy Materials

Education Design

Cultural Design

Education

Boston Architectural College - Boston, Massachusetts

August 2019 - Present

Master of Architecture University of Virginia - Charlottesville, Virginia

August 2011 - May 2015

Bachelor of Urban and Environmental Planning

Bachelor of Arts in Foreign Affairs

Minor: Global Sustainability

3 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT INTRODUCTION

TYLER PITT CARBON FOOTPRINT https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/ 1/4 Household Carbon Footprint Calculator Your Household Carbon Footprint Report Make a selection in all calculator sections and ﬁelds to improve your results. Home Energy Transportation Waste Your CO2 Emissions are lower than the U.S. average. Keep up the good work! Your Household Carbon Footprint View Your Annual Estimated CO2 Emissions (lbs) from... Home Energy Transportation Waste Print/Save Your Current Total 4,349 New Total After Your Planned Actions 4,349 U.S. Average 18,435 I explored my carbon footprint using tools from the EPA and the Global Footprint Network. I was surprised to see that my footprint requires 3.2 earths to support dispite the fact that I live in an old apartment building in a city, do not own a car, eat moslty local produce. HOUSEHOLD CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR FROM THE EPA ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT FROM GLOBAL FOOTPRINT NETWORK PERSONAL CARBON AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT 4 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

DISCOVERY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

PROGRAM

Discovery Elementary School in Arlington Virginia is a 650 student, 98,000 GSF pre-K to fifth grade school designed by VMDO Architects. The school is organized in to different learning communities by grade, where the students move from one area to another as they grow. The physical building was designed as a learning tool, creating spaces for learning that emphasize the project’s sustainable features and incorporate them in to the curriculum. Discovery Elementary achieves net-zero energy through the use of a large photovoltaic system, a geothermal heat pump, a thermally efficient envelope and daylighting strategies that minimize solar heat gain in the summer and maximize it in the winter.

VA DATA VMDO Architects, Charlottesville VA 2017 COTE Top 10 Winner Completed 2015 98,000 SF Client: Arlington Public Schools Climate Zone: Koppen Zone: Cfa Humid Subtropical Climate

Arlington,

VMDO

IMAGE:

Architects

COTE BUILDING - DISCOVERY ELEMENTARY 5 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Images by VMDO Architects BIRDSEYE FROM SOUTHWEST INTERIOR CORRIDOR WITH WAY-FINDING SIGNAGE

COTE BUILDING - DISCOVERY ELEMENTARY 6 ENVIRONMENTAL

PLAYGROUND AND BAY WINDOWS MAIN ENTRANCE

PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Discovery Elementary School makes the most both of its site and technology to achieve net-zero energy. By elongating the building along the east-west axis and by using overhangs and extruded window surrounds Discovery Elementary is able to make use of solar heat gain in the winter while controlling the impact of the sun in the summer. A large rooftop photovoltaic array provides more power than the building needs, sending extra energy back in to the grid. Careful landscaping including bioswales around playgrounds to provide stormwater management best practices while also fulfilling the uses need for an elementary school.

DISCOVERY SCHOOL - INTEGRATED DESIGN SKETCH

COTE BUILDING - DISCOVERY ELEMENTARY 7 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

GYMNASIUM DINING COMMONS MEDIA CENTER STUDIOS ACADEMIC SUITE EARLY CHILDHOOD ADMINISTRATION LEARNING COMMONS MECHANICAL/SUPPORT SVS GYMNASIUM DINING COMMONS MEDIA CENTER STUDIOS ACADEMIC SUITE EARLY CHILDHOOD ADMINISTRATION LEARNING COMMONS MECHANICAL/SUPPORT SVS Space Programs 7 8 6 1 2 5 4 3 9 First Floor - Earth Second Floor - Sky Core Spaces Administration Learning Commons Specialty Classrooms 1st Grade - Forest 2nd Grade - Ocean Mechanics / Support PK/K Backyard Kinderhouses 3rd Grade - Atmosphere 4th Grade - Solar System 5th Grade - Galaxy DISCOVERY SCHOOL - FLOOR PLANS Images by VMDO Architects COTE BUILDING - DISCOVERY ELEMENTARY 8 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

by VMDO Architects COTE BUILDING - DISCOVERY ELEMENTARY 9 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Images

CLIMATE & DESIGN STRATEGIES

CHART 1 - SOLAR RADIATION

RADIATION RANGE - BASELINE CONDITION RADIATION RANGE - INSTALLED PV PANELS CLIMATE & DESIGN STRATEGIES - CLIMATE CONSULTANT 10 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

All charts from Climate Consultant

The Discovery School uses solar panels to make use of the ample summer sun to help power the building through. By tilting the angle of the photovoltaic panels the Discovery School maximizes the direct solar radiation hitting the panels. Tool

CHART

2 - DRY BULB TEMPERATURE OVER TIME

Arlington Virginia has a hot and humid summer climate, necessitating both shading to reduce solar heat gain and active cooling measures in the summer months. The dry bulb temperature remains high even during the nighttime in the summer reducing opportunities for effective night flushing.

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE OVER TIME

CHART 3 - SOLAR SHADING

By providing horizontal shading devices above south facing windows, and vertical offsets or fins on the west edge of windows the Discovery School is able to effectively block summer sun throughout much of the day, while allowing the lower angled winter sun to penetrate in to the building.

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE OVER TIME

CLIMATE & DESIGN STRATEGIES - CLIMATE CONSULTANT 11 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

All charts from Climate Consultant Tool

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

CLIMATE CONSULTANT - PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 12 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

ARLINGTON, VA All charts from Climate Consultant Tool

DESIGN STRATEGY 1 - SUN SHADING OF WINDOWS

South facing windows at Discovery Elementary are protected by deep overhangs or window surrounds that block the summer sun, but allow the lower winter sun in to the building to help reduce heating load. The overall structure has a strong east-west orientation, maximizing Vertical fins or extended window surrounds are used at the east and west facades to help block early morning and hot late afternoon sun. This strategy is effective in both the summer and winter.

Image from Climate Consultant

DESIGN STRATEGY 2 - HEATING AND HUMIDIFCATION

Discovery Elementary uses an all electric system, using power created by the photovolatic system. The building is heated by an efficient geothermal heat pump that uses the consistently moderate temperature of the earth to reduce heating costs. This strategy is important as 42% of hours require heating in the climate zone. The geothermal heat pump can used for cooling in the summer by reversing the direction of flow.

CHART 2 - HIGH THERMAL MASS

Discovery Elementary uses brick or stone clad insulated concrete walls with a high thermal mass that helps to absorb solar radiation throughout the day, helping to keep the building cool during the school day in the summer, releasing the radiation back in to the building during the night.

Image from www.researchgate.net/

Image from Climate Consultant

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 13 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET Welcome to the COTE Top Ten Super Spreadsheet! Explanation Step 1: Fill out the below basic information of your project Step 2: Review your benchmarks. This is what your project will be compared against This tool has been created by COTE members to help architects calculate project performance metrics. After entering information on each measure tab, the "Results" tab will graphically display the holistic project's performance across all 10 COTE measures of sustainable design. Whether it's used to better understand a design's performance or to streamline the process of submitting for the COTE Top Ten award, this tool will allow easy, consistent calculation and evaluation of project performance metrics and bechmarking. Note: This version is not compatible with Excel2016 or older. For questions email cote@aia.org we are looking to improve the tool, and appreciate your feedback! Basic Project Information Benchmarks OPTIONAL user-defined Benchmarks Project Name Discovery Elementary School Transportation Carbon Emissions Transportation Total Carbon 2,269 CO lbs./occupant/yr Project Address 5241 36th Street N Transportation Total Carbon 1,621,991 CO lbs./yr Water Consumption Benchmark Source apt., suite, etc. Water Consumption WUI - Water Use Intensity 0 Gal/sf/year Gal/sf/year City Arlington Total Annual Water Use 0 Gal/yr State Virginia Water Use per Occupant 0 Gal/occupant/yr Energy Consumption Benchmark Source Zip Code 22207 Energy Consumption EUI Energy Use Intensity 0 kBtu/sf/year kBtu/sf/year Climate Zone 4A (Link) Total Annual Energy Use 0 kBtu/yr Total Building Area 97,588 Gross sf Energy Use per Occupant 0 kBtu/occupant/yr Operational Carbon Emissions Benchmark Source Site Area(?) 640,332 sf Operational Carbon Emissions Carbon Use Intensity 0 CO lbs./sf/year CO2 lbs./sf/year Regularly occupied space(?) 60,000 sf Carbon Use Intensity 0 CO lbs./yr Avg. daily occupancy(?) 715 People Total annual Carbon Emissions 0 CO lbs./occupant/yr LPD Benchmark Source Peak occupancy(?) 715 People Electric Ligthing Ligthing Power Density (LPD) 0.00 W/sf W/sf FTEs(?) 500 People Project completion year 2016 Review these numbers for single family residential projects Annual days of operation(?) 365 Days Single Family Residential Projects: Optional user-defined benchmarks can be entered above as a way of tracking any specific benchmarking research that the team conducted. All calculations in the spreadsheet will be based on the auto generated benchmarks, which are consistent with the COTE Top Ten awards program. Cell Types Avg. daily hours of operation(?) 9.34 hours Water Benchmark Gallons/Household/year Input data Total Construction Cost $33,500,000 USD Energy Benchmark kBtu/Household/year Carbon Benchmark Lbs. of CO2/Household/year Input non-numeric data Building Program This first page will assign a series of benchmarks based on building specific, national data for the project to be compared against. Energy benchmarks are referenced from CBECS 2003. For more details on benchmarking and sourcing, visit the "Reference" tab. Calculated Value Program Breakdown Building Primary Program Elementary School Explanation Building Secondary 0% Building Primary Use Elementary School 100% Reasonable values and sources Total must equal 100% 100% Development team Additional Building Information Helena Zambrano, AIA (Project Lead) Overland Partners, San Antonio, TX Project Type Site Environment Corey Squire, AIA Positive Energy, Austin, TX Previously Developed Site Is the firm an AIA 2030 Signatory Tate Walker, AIA OPN, Madison, WI Reported in the AIA DDx Third party rating system Z Smith, FAIA EDR, New Orleans, LA FAR 0.15 Cost/sf $ 343.28 sf/occupant Avg. 136 sf/occupant - Peak 136 Annual hours of operation 3,409 INTRODUCTION COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 14 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Measure 1 - Design for Integration

Explanations

HOLISTIC SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability strategies can affect and involve multiple COTE measures. As an example: think how many measures are influenced by carbon metrics? The chart below represents the interconnectivity of the COTE measures.

COMMUNITY

Place based.

ECOLOGY

Aquifer/watershed, shared resource. Climate appropriate landscape. Rainwater harvesting. WATER

Financial resilience. Economic benefits of biophilic design. Low maintenance design. Water savings, water independence.

1 - What is the big idea?

ECONOMY

District systems. Bioclimatic and passive design. Energy savings from transportation and treatment of water. Life cycle cost, Life cycle analysis. ENERGY

Carbon emissions from transportation. Air quality. Connection to nature. Water quality. Operational costs and costs from productivity of building occupants. Daylighting as energy conversation measure. WELLNESS

Locally sourced materials. Environmentally conscious material extraction, mfg., transp. and disposal.

Social equity is a major component of resilience.

Climate change: fires, earthquakes, floods, ocean rise.

Aquifer conservation, surface water quality and enjoyment, watershed protection.

Durability and maintenance of materials. Embodied carbon of materials. Safer material selection, material transparency. RESOURCES

Water resilience. Flooding, precipitation changes, drought. Right sizing, flexibility for growth and change. Carbon's role in climate change. Passive survivability. Embodied energy savings from adaptive reuse. CHANGE

User groups, profiles, heat maps. Biodiversity. Mindful presence of water. Replicable, cost effective strategies. Measurement and verification. Tracking health impacts. Future adaptability. Post-occupancy evaluations. DISCOVERY

INTEGRATION

Inputs: Describe your project's big idea on integrating design and sustainability in the green cell below. Look at chart below for inspiration. Create a net-zero energy building that integrates sustainable practices in to the curriculum of an elementary school.

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 15 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

2 - Design for Community Explanations Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells Reasonable Ranges Sources Walkscore.com generates a score for walkability and community resources for any address in the US. The higher the score, the more pedestrian friendly the site. 1 - Walk Score 0% - 25% Car Dependent Walk Score Methodology 25% - 50% Mostly Car Dependent www.walkscore.com 18 50% -70% Somewhat Walkable 70% - 90% Very Walkable 90% - 100% Walker's Paradise Based on "Arnstein's Ladder of Social Engagement", how much say did the community have during the design and construction process? 2 - Community Engagement Poor Manipulation, Therapy Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation Baseline Informing, Consultation Community Engagement Level Collaborative Better Partnership, Delegation Best! Citizen Control The number of occupants commuting by any means other than single occupancy vehicle on any given day. Includes walking, cycling, public transit, etc. 3 - Percentage of occupants Commuting by Alternative Transportation Below average 0% - 23% 2016 Census: Community Survey National average ~24% Tri-State Transportation Campaign Occupancy type Educational Above average 25% - 100% Number of occupants commuting by alternative transportation (avg.) 486 ex. New York City 74% Percent Alternative Commuters ex. Manhattan 94% This simple calculator compares your project's commuting patterns to published national averages. Use a survey (or an educated guess) to determine average commuting distance and average mpg of the building's

4 - Simple Transportation Carbon Calculator Lbs. of CO2/Occupant Reference Values Unit Source Average car fuel economy 21.6 mpg EIA 2017 Report Proposed Baseline > 4000 Baseline Average CO2 emitted per gallon 19.6 Lbs. CO2/gallon EPA - Vehicle Emissions Percent of occupants commuting by single occupancy vehicle 100% 76% Weekly Avg. 3000 4000 Getting there Average one way commute 13 Miles 2016 Census Average daily commute (round trip distance) 10 26 Miles 2000 3000 Better Share of single occupancy commutes 76% 2016 Census Days Commuting per week 5 5 Days 1000 - 2000 High Performing Average commuting days 250 days/year 5 days * 50 weeks Weeks commuting per year 25 50 weeks 0 1000 Very High Performing Average Car mpg 21.6 21.6 mpg *Please use reference values, not regional values Average CO2 / Gallon of Gasoline 19.6 19.6 Lbs. CO2/Gal lbs. of carbon dioxide emitted/occupant/year 2,269 4,483 % reduction over the baseline 49.4% Determine the number of parking spaces that are required on site by local zoning code. This number is compared to the actual number of spaces provided. 5 - Parking space reduction <0% Reduction Poor 0% Reduction Baseline Required On-site parking spaces 88 25% Reduction Getting there Provided on-site parking spaces 88 50% Reduction Better Parking Space Reduction 0% 75% Reduction High Performing 100% Reduction Very High Performing Record the number of bike racks and commuter showers provided for building occupants. 6 - Bicycle Infrastructure Bike Racks Commuter Showers Occupancy type E Number of Bike Racks 36 10% - Good 1% - Good Number of Showers 1 25% - Better 2.5% - Better Bike Racks installed for E 50% - Best! 5% - Best! Showers installed for E COMMUNITY COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 16 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Measure

occupants. If no information is available, use the baseline (US national average). Though its designed for office projects, the calculator can produce good results for all buidlings that people travel to and from.

Measure 3 - Design for Ecology

Explanations

Record the area of the site that was reserved for vegetation, both before and after development. Green roofs are included in vegetated area

Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells

1 - Vegetated Area

Native plants include those that are indigenous to a specific geographic location and are adapted for the local climate and ecosystems. Use "turf grass" for any landscape areas with decorative plants not adapted to the local climate.

2 - Native Plantings

Green roof area 0 sf

Building footprint area 67100 sf

Surface parking area 36,500 sf

Area of additional on site hardscapes 32,000 sf

Area of the total site that is vegetated - Post Development 504,732 sf Site Area 640,332 sf

Percent Vegetated - Post Development 78.8%

Area of the total site that is vegetated - Pre Development 0 sf

Percent Vegetated - Pre Development 0.0%

Vegetated Area Increase 78.8%

Area of the total site covered by native plants- Post Development 89,000 sf

Area of the total site covered by turf grass - Post Development 234,000 sf

Native plantings - Percent of vegetated area 17.6%

Turf grass - Percent of Site 46.4%

Native plantings - Percent of site 13.9%

Reasonable Ranges Sources

In most cases, it's desirable to increase a site's vegetated area.

A greater percentage of native plants and a smaller percentage of turf grass is usually preferable.

ECOLOGY COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 17 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Measure 4 - Design for Water

Explanations

Step 1: Indoor Water Use:

This simple calculator will give an estimate of a building's water consumption. Three uses are taken into account for this calculation, indoor water use, irrigation, and cooling. For the sake of simplicity, other water uses, such as pools or commercial kitchens are not included. If your project has had a more sophisticated water use analysis, you can skip the calculator and enter the modeled values below in section 3.

Commercial v Residential: Choose either "Commercial" or "Residential" from the dropdown for "Water Use Profile" under section 1 of this tab and input the flow rates for the corresponding table. Residential includes single family, multifamily, and lodging.

Calculators: Enter your values

the yellow cells Reasonable Ranges

into

1 - Predicted Water Use Step 1) Indoor Water Use Gallon/sf/yr by Building Type Building Type Low High Daily Ave. Occupancy 715 Education 11 18 Annual days of operations 365 Water Use Profile Enclosed and strip malls 9 15 Grocery Store 18 30 Inpatient 37 62 Step 1) Indoor Water use Lodging 31 52 Occupants Toilet Urinal Shower Lavatory Kitchen Faucet Mercantile 9 16 Uses day / Occupant Male Occupant 357.5 5 0 1 5 4 Multifamily Housing 32 53 Female Occupant 357.5 5 0 1 5 4 Office 11 18 Total uses day Male Occupant 1787.5 0 357.5 1787.5 1430 Outpatient 12 20 Female Occupant 1787.5 0 357.5 1787.5 1430 Public Assembly 19 32 Total uses / Day 3575 0 715 3575 2860 Public order and safety 32 53 * if no urinal, use toilet value Religious Worship 5 9 Fixture Flow Rates (GPF GPM) 1.1 0.5 2 0.5 2.2 Restaurant 161 269 Duration per use (Minute) 8 1 1 Retail 6 10 Gallons used / day 3,933 - 11,440 1,788 6,292 Senior Care 45 75 Gallons used / year 1,435,363 - 4,175,600 652,438 2,296,580 Warehouse and storage 3 4 Total indoor water use - Gallons / Day 17,160 Total indoor water use - Gallons / Year 6,263,400 Single Family Residential 300 gal/household/day Step 2) Irrigation Water Use Is potable water used for irrigation (after a two year establishment period)? Yes - baseline Is potable water used for irrigation? No No- high performing Quick Irrtgation Estimator Calculator Step 2: Irrigation Use Enter the total area that will be irrigated and then for each dropdown, choose the characteristic that best matches your site, plantings, and irrigation system. Proposed Design Baseline #1: All Turf Baseline #2: All Native 1 ) ET0 - Evapotranspiration 3) PF - Plant Factor3 Irrigated Area (potable or non-potable) 72,000 sf 72,000 72,000 Climate Summer (In) Plantings PF Summer Evapotranspiration 5.3 Cool Humid 3.8 Turf 1 Plant Quality Factor (Qf) 0.8 Cool Dry 5.3 Garden Agriculture 1 Type of plantings (Plant Factor) 1 1 0.2

Design Comparison Hot

Water Stress 0.4 May 88% June 99% 3) Irrigation Efficiency2 July 100% Drip 0.9 August 100% Sprinklers 0.75 September 77% Sprinklers, slope 0.6 October 60% November 38% December 30% Annual Irrigation Water Use (Gal) Step 3) Cooling tower Step 3: Chiller Use This section is an extremely rough estimate of the water consumption of a cooling tower. Percent of the buidling cooled by a water-cooled chiller 100% Nation Average - Buildings with cooling towers use 7 gallons of water more (per sf annually) than those without. Cooling tower water use 700% Gallons/sf/yr 683,116 Gallons/yr *examples of stratgies for conserving cooling tower water include: using alternative sources of water, optimizing the cycles of concentration and minimizing bleed volume, minimizing drift, and preventing overflows and leaks. Does the cooling tower use potable water? No Assume: 0 water for non-potable use, 25% less water for conservation strategies.* Where strategies taken to conserve cooling tower water? Total cooling tower water use 0 Gallons / yr 1 WATER COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 18 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Warm Humid 5.3 Annual flowers 0.8 Irrigation efficiency 0.75 0.75 0.9 Warm Dry 6.8 Orchard - evergreen 0.8

0 Hot Humid 8.3 Orchard - deciduous 0.7 Proposed

Dry 12 Perennial flowers 0.7 Month Irrigation Co. Gallons Ground covers 0.6 January 31%

Qf - Plant Quality Factor1 Trees 0.6 February 38%

water stress 1 Shrubs 0.6 March 60% Baseline 0.8 Native plants 0.2 April 77%

Measure 5 - Design for Economy

- Estimated

Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells.

cost

- Construction cost benchmark

- Building Type Specific $165 /sf Benchmark Source RSMeans.com Actual construction cost $343 /sf Construction cost reduction

the benchmark -108%

Explanations

Enter the published

to construct similar buildings in the region and list the source. 1

Benchmark

from

operating

cost

savings $0

Other

Total

There are many design strategies for reducing building operating costs. Include design strategies, along with their estimated numerical impact here. This should be pretty rough and is most valuable as a thought exercise. The cost savings from utilities are already populated. Building space efficiency Efficiency ratio Benchmark - Building Type Specific 55% Benchmark Source Efficiency ratio achieved 65% Major Strategy Efficiency ratio percent improvement 18%

cost reduction Operating and maintenance

reduction strategies: From utility

/year Major Strategy From cleaning

/year Major Strategy Durability investments /year Major Strategy

/year Major Strategy

$2 /year An efficient building will use fewer resources to construct, operate, and maintain. Enter the typical building efficiency ratio for the building type as a benchmark, the source of the benchmark, and the efficiency ratio achieved. 3 -

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 19 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

ECONOMY

Step 1: Fill out the predicted energy uses, per fuel type, from an energy model.

Step 2: Fill out the measured energy uses per fuel type.

If an energy model was not completed for the project, just fill out the measured energy use. If a fuel type was not used, leave the monthly inputs as Zero. If a fuel type was used, but recorded in different units (such as Therms rather than CCF), use the conversion factors link to the right.

See the benchmarking page for reasonable ranges. 2 - Lighting Power Density Use IECC 2015 as the benchmark Installed Lighting Power Density 0.55 W/sf Best practice is to achieve at least a 20% reduction from the benchmark Benchmark Lighting power Density 0.0 W/sf Lighting Power density reduction Record your building's window wall ratio. 3 - Window Wall Ratio 30% to 40% is ideal. A higher WWR will significantly increase energy use without improving daylighting. Window Wall Ratio (WWR) Benchmarks are from CBECS 2003, EUI measured in kBtu/sf/yr used on site, CO2 Emissions measured in lbs. CO2/kBtu. CO2 baseline from CBECS Table 1.Total energy consumption by energy source, 2012 ENERGY

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 20 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Measure 6 - Design for Energy Explanations Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells Reasonable Ranges Benchmarks will auto

benchmarking

1 - Predicted and Measured energy use See the Benchmarking

for reasonable

Step 1: Benchmark Benchmark Site EUI 0 kBtu/sf/yr Benchmark Site Annual Energy 0 kBtu/yr Benchmark Site CO2 Emissions 0 lbs. of CO2/sf/yr Benchmark Site annual CO2 Emissions 0 lbs. of CO2/yr

fill from the

page.

page

ranges.

Step 2: Record Monthly Energy Use

Enter the local energy cost for each fuel type if available. Enter the cost of renewables as negative. Predicted Measured Grid Electricity Natural Gas Chilled Water District Steam Onsite Generation Grid Electricity Natural Gas Chilled Water District Steam Onsite Generation Month kWh ccf kBtu MLbs kWh kWh ccf Ton Hours Lbs kWh January February March April May June July August September October November December Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Conversion Factor 3.41 102.6 1 1194000 3.41 3.41 102.6 12 1.194 3.41 Total (kBtu) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cost of Energy (per selected unit) $0.12 $0.94 $0.18 $9.39 -0.02 CO2 emissions (Lbs.) per kBtu 0.36 0.12 0.36 0.12 -0.36 0.36 0.12 0.36 0.12 -0.36 Total CO2 Emissions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Step 2: Review Outputs Predicted Measured Total Gross Energy (kBtu/yr) 0 0 Total Net Energy (kBtu/yr) 0 0 Percent from Renewable Energy 100% 100% Gross EUI (kBtu/sf/yr) 21 16 Net EUI (kBtu/sf/yr) -1 -1 Net Energy percent reduction from Benchmark N/A Total Net CO2 Emissions (Lbs./yr) 0 0 Net CO2 Emissions (Lbs./sf/yr) -0.39 -0.29 CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark N/A Net operating cost ($) $0 $0 Step 1: Calculate the total installed lighting power density for your building. Step 2: Determine an appropriate benchmark for the space type from IECC 2015.

Measure 7 - Design for Wellness

Explanations

Step 1: Determine the area of the building that is regularly occupied.

Step 2: Input the area of occupied spaces that have access to views, operable windows, and daylight.

Daylighting

Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells

For quality views, include work stations that have a direct line of sight to nature. For operable windows, include work stations within 25' of an operable window. For Daylight, input a continuous daylight autonomy metric. If daylight performance wasn't simulated, input the total area within 15' from from a perimeter wall. - Quality Views, Operable windows, &

accessible thermostats

2 - Occupants Per thermostat, Occupants who can control their own lighting Total accessible thermostats 50 Thermostat Occupants per thermostat 14.3 Do occupants have task lights? Yes Percent of occupants who control their own light levels 75%

information on indoor air quality measurements. 3 - CO2 & VOCs Goal Maximum CO2 levels 1000 ppm Is CO2 measured? Yes Maximum Measured CO2 levels 750 ppm Is VOC measured? Yes Maximum Measured VOC levels 250 ppb Input the total number of materials that have

third-party health certification in the

box.

notable materials and their certification. Examples

certifications: *Declare *Health Product Declaration *Cradle to Cradle *Level -ORInput the total number of chemicals of concern

you avoided. Then name

chemicals and

standard

you

guide. Examples

the standards include: *Living Building Challenge Red List *WELL Building Standard *Healthier

Initiative Safer

*Six

*Kaiser

Building

*Harvard's

4 - Number of materials specified that have health certifications OR avoided chemicals of concern Materials with health certifications 35 Materials Notable Material 1 Forbo flooring Certification Declare Notable Material 2 Ecos Paint Certification Declare Notable Material 3 Human scale furniture Certification Declare Notable Material 4 Winstone wallboard Certification Declare Notable Material 5 GH Commercial Carpet Certification Declare Number of chemicals of concern that where avoided 100 Chemicals Chemical of concern AVOIDED Creosote Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Mercury, (9-Octadecenoato-O)Phenyl-,Standard(Z)Chemical of concern AVOIDED Lead Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Dicyclohexyl Phthalate Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Urea Formaldehyde Standard 1 WELLNESS COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 21 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Total area of regularly occupied space 60,000 sf Percent of building that is regularly occupied 61% Area with quality views 49,000 sf 82% Area with operable windows 36,000 sf 60% Area served primarily by daylighting 28,000 sf 47% Daylight sensors installed? Yes Are operable windows used? Yes Input the total number of

and the percent of occupants who control their own light levels.

Input

yellow

Then name each of those

that

each of those

the

that

used as a

Hospitals

Chemicals

Classes (chemicals from Green Science Policy Institute)

Permanente Facilities Design Program's Chemicals of Concern in

Materials, Fabric, Furniture, and Finishes list.

Green Building Standards for healthier materials

Measure 8 - Resources Explanations Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells Reasonable Ranges There are a variety of tools for estimating the embodied carbon of an entire building. The simplest is Build Carbon Neutral, which only takes a few minutes and inputs. For a more detailed analysis, try Talley or Athena 1 - Embodied Energy Building Type lbs. Low Use the below link to determine the total embodied energy: Single family 50 build carbon neutral 2,976 Metric tonnes of Carbon Dioxide (from buildcarbonneutral.org, Tally...) Multifamily low-rise 27 6,560,949 Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide Multifamily

31 67 Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide / sf Multifamily

42 Embodied energy Benchmark 0.0 Based on building type Commercial 49 Embodied energy reduction from Benchmark Educational 85 Healthcare 54 Cultural/Institutional 62 This can be from any tool and taken to any depth 2 - Life Cycle Analysis Civic building 31 Lodging 36 Was a full building life cycle analysis performed? Yes Industrial 136 What Software was used? Tally Public Assembly 48 Major Structural System? Steel Mixed Use (Residential/Office/ Retail) 61 Major strategy for reducing embodied carbon? Low carbon cement subsitutes Major strategy for reducing embodied carbon? Low carbon insulation materials "An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a document that communicates verified, transparent and comparable information about the life-cycle environmental impact of products." - International EPD System List EPS (or similar certifications) collected for materials used and tally up the total number. 3 - Number of Materials Specified with EPDs (or similar) For materials with EPDs or similar certification, Materials with EPDs 28 Materials Notable Material 1 Carpet tile Certification EPD Notable Material 2 Structural steel Certification EPD Notable Material 3 Brick masonry Certification EPD Notable Material 4 Aluminum windows Certification EPD Notable Material 5 Resilient flooring Certification EPD Notable Material 6 Concrete Certification EPD Notable Material 7 Roof membrane Certification EPD Notable Material 8 CMU Certification EPD Notable Material 9 Metal cladding Certification EPD Weighing and recording dumpster fills during construction is best practice, but a good estimate will do as well. 4 - Construction Waste Diverted Percent Waste Diverted LBC: Very High 50% - Good 99% Metals Percent of construction waste diverted from the landfill 75% 75% - Better 99% Paper How the above was the above number determined? Contractor 90% - Best! 100% Soil 95% Rigid Notable Strategy 90% All Notable Strategy Notable Strategy Calculate or estimate the total value of materials that were recycled, local, or certified by third party programs. Local Materials: Don't worry too much about staying in a specific radius from the site. Use your best judgment to determine which materials were harvested or manufactured "locally" Recycled / Reused Materials: Include all materials that contain some component or ingredient that is reused or recylce. 5 - Recycled Materials, Regional Materials, & Materials with Third Party Certifications Generally, the more resused, recycled, FSC certified Total Construction Cost $33,500,000 Total Materials Cost $3,500,000 Percent Total cost of recycled materials 78000 2% Total cost of regional materials $1,200,000 34% How much of installed wood is FSC Certified? $89,000 Notable Reused or Recycled Material Notable Reused or Recycled Material Notable Reused or Recycled Material Notable Regional Material Source Location Notable Regional Material Source Location Notable Regional Material Source Location 1 RESOURCES COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 22 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

mid-rise

high-rise

Measure 9 - Change Explanations Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells How much floor area was already existing? 1 - Percent of Reused Floor Area Total floor area reused 0 sf Percent reused 0% Choose the most relevant description of passive functionality from the dropdown. 2 - Days the Building Can Function Without Power Choose one 2 Relative ranking (Score 1-4) 3 Input the building's design lifespan. The design lifespan is based on a variety of design choices such as material durability, functional adaptability, and water management. 3 - Building Lifespan Building design lifespan 200 Years Was the building designed for disassembly? No Notable longevity Strategy Durable materials Notable longevity Strategy Notable longevity Strategy 1 Measure

- Discovery Explanations Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells Select all the post occupancy strategies that were employed. 1 - Level of Post Occupancy Engagement Which of the following did you do to stay engaged with the building? Contact the owner / Occupant to see how things are going Yes 1 Formal post occupancy air quality testing Yes 1 Obtain utility bill to determine actual performance Yes 1 Data logging of indoor environmental measurements Yes 1 Survey building occupants on satisfaction Yes 1 Post occupancy energy analysis Yes 1 Formal onsite daylight measurements Yes 1 Develop and share strategies to improve the building's Performance Yes 1 Share collected data with building occupants Yes 1 Teach occupants and operators how to improve building performance Yes 1 Post Occupancy Engagement Score 100% Select all the transparency strategies that were employed. 2 - Level of Transparency Which of the following did you do to share the lessons of the project? Present the design of the project to the office Yes 1 Publish post occupancy data from the building Yes 1 Present the design of the project to the public Yes 1 Publish any lessons learned from design, construction, or occupancy Yes 1 Present outcomes and lessons learned to the office Yes 1 other: 0 Present outcomes and lessons learned to the public Yes 1 other: 0 Transparency score 75% Select the level of occupancy feedback. 3 - Level of Occupant feedback Choose one 5 Relative ranking (Score 0-5) DISCOVERY CHANGE COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 23 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

DISCOVERY ELEMANTRY METRICS

As a COTE Top Ten project Discovery Elementary School excels in the metrics tracked by the AIA Super Spreadsheet. From high energy scores due to the large photovoltaic array, to ecological concerns where native plantings and bioswales create a sustainable design, the Discovery School is uniformly high performing. The net-zero design is also unique in that it allows the school to operate without support from the electrical grid for an unlimited time frame, as shown in the Change portion of the spreadsheet. Despite high carbon intensity materials like a steel frame and concrete foundation the school is able to achieve a total carbon intensity of 67 lbs/CO2e per square foot, far below the average of 106 lbs/CO2e per sf for a typical educational building. Perusing the Super Spreadsheet it becomes clear why Discover School is a COTE Top 10 winner and a benchmark for sustainable design.

COTE Top Ten Toolkit Super Spreadsheet The summary page displays the outputs for every measure. COTE_Super_Spreadsheet_Version_1.6.xlsx Measure 1 - Design for Integration Measure 2 - Design for Community Walk Score Walk Score Community Engagement Score Level of community Engagement (1=low, 7=high) Alternative Transportation Percentage 0% Alternative Commuters Transportation carbon - Annual Carbon / Occupant 2,269 Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide Transportation carbon - Total Annual Carbon 1,621,991 Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide Transportation carbon - Percent Reduction 49% Reduction of Transportation Carbon Parking Space Reduction 0% Reduction of Parking Spaces Bicycle Infrastructure - Bike Racks 0% of occupants get a bike Rack Bicycle Infrastructure - Showers 0.0% of occupants can shower simultaneously Measure 3 - Design for Ecology Vegetated site area Post Development 79% Of site vegetated (Post-development) Vegetated site area Pre Development 0% Of site vegetated (Pre-development) Vegetated area increase 79% Change in vegetated area (Post-development) Native plantings Percent of total 14% Of total site dedicated to native plantings Native plantings Percent of vegetation 18% Of vegetated area dedicated to native plantings Measure 4 - Design for Water Predicted Water use per occupant - Predicted Annual Gallons of potable water used occupant / year Water use per occupant - Predicted Daily Gallons of potable water used occupant / day Water Use Intensity - Predicted Gallons of potable water used sqft / day Percent rainwater use Predicted Of total water use is from collected rainwater Percent grey/black water use Predicted Of total water use is from grey or blackwater Potable water reduction Measured Water use per occupant - Measured Annual 7,624 Gallons of potable water used occupant / year Water use per occupant - Measured Daily 20.9 Gallons of potable water used occupant / day Water use intensity- Measured 55.9 Gallons of potable water used sf / day Percent rainwater use Measured 1% Of total water use is from collected rainwater Percent grey/black water use Measured 0% Of total water use is from grey or blackwater Potable water reduction Potable water used for Irrigation? No Is potable water used for irrigation? Rainwater managed onsite 68% Of stormwater managed onsite Estimated runoff quality 0 Water quality score (1=low, 5=high) Measure 5 - Design for Economy Actual construction cost $343 Dollar (USD) / sf Benchmark Construction cost $165 Dollar (USD) / sf Construction cost reduction from the benchmark -108% Dollar (USD) / sf Efficiency ratio achieved 65% Net to Gross Efficiency ratio percent improvement 18% Measure 6 - Design for Energy Pre dict ed Net site EUI - Predicted -1 kBtu/sf/yr Gross site EUI - Predicted 21 kBtu/sf/yr Net energy reduction from Benchmark Net Energy Reduction Carbon emissions sf Predicted -0.4 Lbs. of CO2/sf/yr Percent from Renewable Energy 100% CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark Measured Net site EUI - Measured -1 kBtu/sf/yr Gross site EUI - Measured 16 kBtu/sf/yr Net energy reduction from Benchmark N/A Net Energy Reduction Carbon emissions sf Measured -0.3 Lbs. of CO2/sf/yr Percent from Renewable Energy 100% CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark N/A Lighting Power Density 0.55 W/sf Lighting Power Density % Reduction Measure 7 - Design for Wellness Quality views 82% Occupied area with quality views Operable windows 60% Occupied area with operable windows Daylight autonomy 47% Occupied area served primarily by daylight Individual thermal control 14.3 Occupants per thermostat Individual lighting control 75% Occupants who control their own lighting Peak measured CO2 750 ppm Peak measured VOC 250 ppb Materials with health certifications Materials Checmicals of concern avoided Chemicals Measure 8 - Design for Resources Embodied energy CO2/sf 88.17 Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide / sf Embodied energy - Total CO 8,604,632 Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide - total Embodied energy reduction from benchmark Life cycle analysis conducted - Y/N Yes Number of EPDs Collected Materials % of construction waste diverted % of recycled content of building materials 2% % of regional materials 34% % of installed wood that is FSC Certified 0% Measure 9 - Design for Change % of reused floor area 0% Functionality without power (relative score) 3 1=low, 4=high Percent onsite generation 100% Carbon emissions saved from adaptive reuse 0 Total Lbs. of CO2 Building design lifespan Years Measure 10 Design for Discovery Level of post occupancy evaluation Level of Knowledge distribution / transparency Level of Feedback (Ongoing discovery) 0 Feedback Score (0=low, 5=high) 1 SUMMARY

COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 24 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

This page compares metrics against their benchmark along a scale from "Baseline" to "Very High Performance"

Measure 2: Design For Community Walk Score 0 100

Community Engagement Score 1 8

Alternative Transportation Percentage 0% 100%

Transportation carbon - Percent Reduction 0% 100% THE BIG IDEA:

Parking Space Reduction -100% 100% High performance elementary school that integrates sustainable practices in to the curriculum

Bicycle Infrastructure - Bike Racks 0% 50%

Bicycle Infrastructure - Showers 0% 5%

Vegetated site area - Post Development 0% 100%

Native plantings Percent of vegetation 0% 100% Predicted Measured

Potable water reduction 0% #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 100%

Potable water used for Irrigation? Yes (0) No (1)

Rainwater managed onsite 0% 100% CARBON OVER TIME:

Estimated runoff quality 1 5 \

Construction cost reduction from the benchmark -100% 50%

Efficiency ratio percent improvement -50% 50%

Predicted Measured

Net energy reduction from Benchmark 0% #DIV/0! N/A 105%

Percent from renewable energy 0% 100% 100% 100%

CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark 0% #DIV/0! N/A 100%

Lighting Power Density % Reduction 0 75%

Quality views 0% 100%

Operable windows 0% 100% Daylight autonomy 0% 100%

Is CO2 Measured? No (0) Yes (1)

Is VOC measured? No (0) Yes (1) Carbon Calculations

Materials with health certifications 0 10+

Total Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide from: Checmicals of concern avoided 0 10+

Commute/yearEnergy/yearBuilding Materials Total

1 Year 1,621,991 -28,301 6,560,949 8,154,639

Embodied energy reduction from benchmark 0% 100% 20 years 32,439,815-566,0106,560,949 38,434,754

Life cycle analysis conducted - Y/N No (0) Yes (1) 100 years 162,199,074-2,830,0526,560,949 165,929,971

Baseline Very High Performance

Number of EPDs Collected 0 10+

% of construction waste diverted 0% 100%

% of recycled content of building materials % of regional materials 0% 100% % of installed wood that is FSC Certified 0% 100%

% of reused floor area 0% 100% 20 years 84.4% -1.5% 17.1% 100.0% Functionality without power (relative score) 0 4 100 years 97.8% -1.7% 4.0% 100.0% Percent onsite generation 0% 100% 200 years 99.7% -1.7% 2.0% 100.0% Building design lifespan 30 200 Design 200 99.7% -1.7% 2.0% 100.0% Level of post occupancy evaluation 0% 100% Level of Knowledge distribution transparency 0% 100% Level of Feedback (Ongoing discovery) 0 5 Measure 6: Design For Energy Measure 7: Design For Wellness 0 1 34% Measure 8: Design For Resources 2% #DIV/0! 1 0 0% 1 #DIV/0! 82% 60% 47% Measure 4: Design For Water 1 68% Measure 3: Design For Ecology Measure 5: Design For Economy 18% 79% Measure 9: Design For Change Measure 10: Design For Discovery 100% 0 3 0% 0 Response 18% -108% 0 #VALUE! 0% 49% 0% 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 0% 0 Commute/year 20% Energy/ year 0% Building Materials 80% Cumulative carbon after 1 year occupancy Commute/year 96% Energy/year -2% Building Materials 2% Cumulative carbon over building life 1 RESULTS COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET 25 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

200 years 324,398,148-5,660,1046,560,949 325,298,993

Design 200 324,398,148-5,660,1046,560,949 325,298,993

Commute/yearEnergy/yearBuilding Materials Total 1 Year 19.9% -0.3% 80.5% 100.0%

CALCULATING RAINFALL

Tyler Pitt Sustainable Systems In-Class Exercise 10/07/2021

Step 1 - Square feet to square inches = 1sf = 144 sq in

Step 2 - Square inches to cubic inches = 144 sq in x 1” = 144 cubic inches per square foot

Step 3 - Cubic inches to gallons - 144 cubic in = 0.623 gallons

Step 4 - 43.96 inches per year on average 2010-2019

Step 5 - Gallons per sf times Boston average rainfall = 0.623 gallons per 1 inch of rain over 1 sf x 43.96 inches = 27.39 gallons per sf yearly

The goal of the assignment was to become familiar with the ways in which rainfall is measured and to get used to converting from cubic inches to gallons and then calculating across time to determine annual rainfall.

16819.2

WC 80 0.1 365 1.28 3737.6

5840

WC 80 0.5 365 1.28 18688 55071.2

CALCULATING RAINFALL & FIXTURES

Water Use Tyler Pitt Part 2 - Water Use FTE Full Time

Part-Time

Toilets and Urinals # Occupants # Users per day # days per year Water use (gpf) Total Gallons E-M

E-M

E-W

V-M

V-W

Restroom Sinks # Occupants # Users per day # days per year Water use (gpm) Duration (min) Total Gallons E-M 12 3 365 0.5 0.25

E-W 12 3 365 0.5 0.25

V-M 80 0.5 365 0.5 0.25

V-W 80 0.5 365 0.5

6935 Breakroom # Occupants # Users per day # days per year Water use (gpm) Duration (min) Total Gallons Employees Only 24 1 365 1.8 0.25 3942 Shower # Occupants # Users per day # days per year Water use (gpm) Duration (min) Total Gallons Employees Only 24 0.1 365 1.8 5 7884 Total Water Use Annually (gallons) 73832.2 REDUCING WATER USE In-Class Exercise #05, Part 1: Water Reduction How much water could you save annually via shower water use reduction? Baseline Case • 2.5gpm showerhead • 10 minute shower • 2 showers/day “gpm” means “gallons per minute” Water Efficient Approach • 1.5gpm showerhead • 10 minute shower • 1 shower/day Your Task Calculate Annual Water Consumption via Showers Base: _______________________________ Efficient: _______________________________ Water Savings = _______________________________ In-Class Exercise Part 1: Due 10/15 10:00 pm EST 18,250 gallons per year 5,475 gallons per year 12,775 gallons per year reduction Tyler Pitt In-class exercise 10/14/2021 The assignment focused on calculating water use for a given building based on number the full time staff and characteristics of the plumbing fixtures. CALCULATING RAINFALL & FIXTURES

FIXTURES 26 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

20 1 20

8 0.5 4 24

WC 12 1 365 1.28 5606.4

Urinal 12 2 365 0.5 4380

WC 12 3 365 1.28

Urinal 80 0.4 365 0.5

1642.5

1825

0.25 1825

CALCULATING

PERSONA PROFILES

CENTRAL SQUARE PUBLIC GYM

Personas are developed for users of the Central Square Public Gym, the topic of my Spring 2021 Studio project. The project is designed to be flexible, transparent and public, appropriate for different types of exercise as well as public community centered events. Personas are selected to represent the wide range of people who will use the gym.

AGE: 65 | RETIRED MATHMATICS PROFESSOR

John LIVES IN: ROUTINE: WANTS/NEEDS:

Cambridgeport, Cambridge MA

Exercise Eat Socalize Visit Family Volunteer

Looking for space for his basketball league to play, with a full locker room, open early in the morning. Interested in space for community events.

INTERESTS:

Math | Basketball | Local Politics | Gardening | Visiting his grandchildren

QUOTE:

“I use the gym to practice with my basketball league, I appreciate the early hours. I love walking around the track with my grandchildren and eating ice cream.” - John

PERSONAS 27 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Farid

AGE: 24 | MEDICAL STUDENT

LIVES IN: ROUTINE:

Central Square, Cambridge MA

Eat School Exercise Socialize Study

WANTS/NEEDS:

Needs the flexibility to use the gym at any time of the day or night based on my schedule. Looking for a space to meet friends. Interested in exercise classes.

INTERESTS:

Music | Medicine | Running | Travel

QUOTE:

“I am often at clinic late in to the night or early in the morning, I love that I can run on the track at any time. The exercise classes and other events are a great way to meet new people.” - Farid

Jennifer LIVES IN: ROUTINE:

AGE: 47 | COMMUNITY ORGANIZER

Central Square, Cambridge MA

Yoga Work Eat Volunteer Family

WANTS/NEEDS:

Needs space for community gatherings of different sizes, looking for a central location that is accessible to all. Wants a convenient space for morning yoga classes.

INTERESTS:

Fitness | Health & Nutrition | Social Justice | Family | Cooking

QUOTE:

“The gym is the perfect place to host community building events, it is gracious, open, flexible and accessible, it is helpful to my work, and a great assett in my personal life.” - Jennifer

PERSONAS 28 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 5 TIMELINE 7:00AM7:15AM7:30AM 8:45AM9:00AM AGE: 65 | RETIRED MATHMATICS PROFESSOR John GROUND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP 1 2 3 4 5 Enter through building lobby Change clothes in locker room Play basketball with team Shower, change clothes in locker room Leave through main entrance/exit ACTIVITIES CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP 29 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 5 TIMELINE 10:00AM10:40AM10:55AM 7:30PM8:30PM AGE: 24 | MEDICAL STUDENT Farid GROUND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP 1 2 3 4 5 Meet friend and run at track Shower and change clothes Leave gym Attend group exercise class Leave through main entrance/exit ACTIVITIES 4 CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP 30 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 5 TIMELINE 7:50AM8:00AM8:45AM 9:10AM 5:30PM AGE: 47 | COMMUNITY ORGANIZER Jennifer GROUND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP 1 2 3 4 5 Arrive at gym through main entrance Attend yoga class Meditate Leave gym through main entrance Lead community meeting ACTIVITIES 4 6 6:30PM 6 6 Leave gym through main entrance CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAP 31 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

Pitt Sustainable Systems

WINDOW WALL RATIO & SHADING

WINDOW

In-Class Exercise 10/07/2021

WALL RATIO

In-Class Exercise #08a: Window Wall Ratio

1 - Square feet to square inches = 1sf = 144 sq in

2 - Square inches to cubic inches = 144 sq in x 1” = 144 cubic inches per square foot

1 - A building has a floor slab that is 20’ x 30’. Each exterior wall is 20’ tall. Windows comprise 25% of the walls. There are two (2) doors and each is 3’ wide by 7.5’ tall. The hip roof is 1,400 sf total. What percentage of the overall building is each component?

3 - Cubic inches to gallons - 144 cubic in = 0.623 gallons

2 - A building with a flat roof has the elevations below. What is the WWR (Window Wall Ratio)? Calculate for each facade and for all walls combined. We are only looking at walls in this case.

4 - 43.96 inches per year on average 2010-2019

5 - Gallons per sf times Boston average rainfall = 0.623 gallons per 1 inch of rain over 1 sf 43.96 inches = 27.39 gallons per sf yearly

SHADING DEVICES

In-Class Exercise #08b: Shading Devices

Use the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool for this exercise (https://susdesign.com/overhang/).

- You are located at approximately 45 degrees N latitude in Milan, Italy.

- You have a southern-facing window that is 3’ wide and 8’ tall.

- Reference the sun charts for Milan, Italy included in this exercise.

Answer the three italicized items below: a) Based on the Climate Consultant sun charts, what times of year and times of day is shading most needed in this climate?

Tyler Pitt 10/29/2021

Pitt Sustainable Systems

In-Class Exercise 10/07/2021

1 - Square feet to square inches = 1sf =

2 - Square inches to cubic inches = 144 sq in x 1” = 144 cubic inches per square foot

3 - Cubic inches to gallons - 144 cubic in =

4 - 43.96 inches per year on average 2010-2019

5 - Gallons per sf times Boston average rainfall = 0.623 gallons per 1 inch of rain over 1 sf 43.96 inches = 27.39 gallons per sf yearly

Window Shading in Milan, Italy Window Shading in Santiago, Chile

b) Using the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool, design a horizontal shading device that will provide complete or partial direct sunlight shading during the times when it is most needed. Attach an image of your window and shading device (from the website or one you draw yourself!).

Overhang Width: ________________ Overhang Depth: ________________

Height of Shading Device Above Window: ________________ Horizontal Offset of Shading Device: ________________

c) If you are not able to block all of the direct sunlight during times that require shade with the horizontal shading device, what other passive strategies and/or building elements might you rely on to help provide comfort?

In Milan Italy shading is needed in the summer months from June to Mid-September. Shading is most needed in the afternoon. Some shading is helpful from June until September from early in the morning until the late afternoon. 9.1 5 0 0 Vertical fins could help with the late afternoon sun which is hard to block on a south facing window with horizontal overhangs. Trees to the west of the window could also help shade the window in the summer months.

In-Class Exercise #08b: Shading Devices

Use the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool for this exercise (https://susdesign.com/overhang/).

- You are located at approximately 33 degrees S latitude in Santiago, Chile.

- You have a northern-facing window that is 3’ wide and 8’ tall.

- Reference the sun charts for Santiago, Chile included in this exercise.

Answer the three italicized items below:

a) Based on the Climate Consultant sun charts, what times of year and times of day is shading most needed in this climate?

Overhang Width: ________________

Overhang Depth: ________________

Height of Shading Device Above Window: ________________

Horizontal Offset of Shading Device: ________________

From October until March in Chile some shading is required to reduce solar heat gain. Shading is particularly important from early December until March when the late afternoon sun is particularly hot. 9.3 5 0 -3.1

While shifting the horizontal offset of the shading device helped to increase the overall hours of shading, the window could not be shaded by horizontal overhangs alone. Like in Italy vertical fins could help shade the windows. Additionally including passive ventilation could help reduce the impacts of solar heat game.

This assignment looked at the window wall ratio and calculated ratios both for individual facades and for an entire building. By using the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool I designed window overhangs for a location in Italy and Chile to minimize summer heat gain while allowing in the winter sun to passively warm the interior.

North East West South Total = 600 sf Total = 600 sf Total = 400 sf Total = 400 sf Overall Window = 696 sf Overall Total = 2000 sf Overall WWR

Window = 150 sf WWR = 25% Window = 108 sf WWR = 27% WWR = 25% WWR = 27% Window = 330 sf Window = 108 sf

= 34.8%

WINDOW WALL RATIO & SHADING DEVICES 32 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

CALCULATING ENERGY USE

ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS

In-Class Exercise #06: Calcuate Energy Use for a Building

Part

- Office Building Example

1. You design a 20,000 sf office building. How much energy does a baseline building of this type consume annually?

Using your studio or past studio project - nd the total SF of your building. How much energy does a baseline building of this type consume annually?

Source: Site:

Source: Site: 112EUI x 40,968sf = 4,588,416 kBTU 50.8EUI x 40,968sf = 2,081,174 kBTU

2. You complete an energy model and determine that by maximizing passive strategies for solar heat gain in the winter, shading in the summer, and natural ventilation for a significant part of the year, you can reduce the amount of energy your office building (from #1) consumes by 30%. How much energy is your building predicted to consume annually?

Source:

4,588,416 x 0.7 = 3,211,891 kBTU

Part II - Museum/Restaurant Example

3. You design a 20,000 sf building that contains a 15,000 sf museum and a 5,000 sf restaurant. How much energy does a baseline building of this type consume annually?

Source:

573.7EUI x 5000sf = 2,866,000 112EUI x 15000sf = 1,680,000 4,546,000 kBTU

4. In addition to applying passive strategies to this museum/restaurant building (from #3), you lower the lighting power density, you take advantage of daylighting and sensors to dim lights when there is enough sunlight to illuminate the space, and you employ heat recovery systems to capture and reuse waste heat. Via these strategies, your energy model predicts that you can reduce the amount of energy your building consumes by 70%. How much energy is your building predicted to consume annually?

Source:

5. For your building in #4, you install a small PV array that can provide power for 25% of the demand on an annual basis. How many kBTUs of energy do you need from the grid (which will be powered by a mix of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources)? Assume this is an all-electric building.

3,211,891 x 0.3 = 963,567.3 kBTU 963,567.3 x 0.75 = 722,675 kBTU

In this assignment I took the square footage of a previous studio project and based on the program type used data from Energy Star to estimate the expected EUI. Using more EUI data from Energy Star I then looked at how different program mixes and energy reduction strategies can impact overall energy use intensity.

SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS I TSM2001| Fall 2021

Tyler Pitt 11/4/2021

CALCULATING ENERGY USE 33 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

In Task 1 I calculated the embodied carbon of a section of wall assembly. In order to calculate the embodied carbon of an assembly you must know the types of materials, their quantities, and weights, and have access to carbon intensity data that measure the amount of greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production, transportation and assembly of a declared unit of a particular product. I found that the area of wall assembly embodies about 104.5 kg of C02e.

In Task 2 I calculated the carbon costs associated with the on-site lighting used during construction. Since I was given a total energy use of 4500 kWh and a carbon intensity of 0.6 kg/C02e per kWh I was able to calculate the carbon to be 2700 kg/ C02e.

In Task 3 I calculated the embodied carbon cost of an area of carpet tile over a 20 year lifeline. As 25% the carpet tiles were replaced every other year in total the overall embodied carbon was 2.5 times higher than the initial cost. I found that after 20 years the total carbon cost was 67,130 kg/C02e.

Area/Volume/ Quantity Unit Weight Unit Total Weight Carbon Intensity kg/C02E per kg Total Embodied Carbon

Block

Sq M 60 kg/sq M 63

Mineral Wool 1.03 SQ M 7 kg/sq M 7.21

Brick 60 units 2.3 unit 138

0.033 Cubic M 1650 kg/ cubic M 54.45

Wall Ties 5 units 0.04409 unit 0.22045

EMBODIED CARBON IN A WALL SECTION CALCULATING EMBODIED CARBON Task B - Construction Electricity Use Power Use kWh Carbon Intensity kg/C02e per kWh Total Carbon kg/ C02e 4500 0.6 2700 Task 3 - Embodied Carbon of Carpet Tile Over 20 Years Material Area Unit Carbon Intensity kgC02e per Sq M Total Initial Embodied Carbon Annual Percent Replacement (25%/2) Building Lifetime (years) Total Lifetime Embodied Carbon Carpet Tile 1400 Sq M 13.7 19180 0.125 20 67130

Task A - Embodied Carbon of Wall Section Material

Concret

1.05

0.133 8.379

1.28 9.2288

0.5512 76.0656 Mortar

0.174 9.4743

6.519 1.43711355 104.58481355 Kg C02e

CALCULATING EMBODIED CARBON 34 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

EMBODIED CARBON CALCULATION - EC3

CENTRAL SQUARE PUBLIC GYM

I developed the Central Square Public Gymnasium as a studio project in the Spring of 2021. The structure is a steel brace frame with long span trusses, steel floor framing and concrete slabs on metal deck. The foundation system and basement are build from reinforced concrete. The envelope is a double skinned glass curtain wall system. The building was designed with large overhangs to reduce solar heat gain in the summer and increase heat gain in the winter.

As this project was realized to the level of sizing steel W sections and truss members it was a great candidate for calculating the embodied carbon of the structure. While the superstructure was highly detailed, the foundation system was assumed to be slab on grade beams and footings with piles below in one portion, and a below grade structure on piles in the basement area. If I had engineered piles I would have been able to estimate the embodied carbon of the foundation with greater accuracy.

BUILDING SECTIONS

STREET VIEW RENDERING

EC3 TOOL ASSIGNMENT 35 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

RENDERING AT BASKETBALL COURTS

GATHERING CONCRETE QUANTITIES IN EXCEL

In order to get accurate quantities of concrete, in cubic yards, and steel in pounds I broke the building down in to each structural component. Using plans and sections I estimated the size of foundation elements, slabs, foundation walls and other concrete components. Since I had already created a structural layout and sized steel members I was able to count each type of W section and get an accurate total weight for steel elements. I gathered this information in simple excel spreadsheets to make it easy to enter in to EC3.

EXTERIOR RENDERING AT TRACK

GATHERING STEEL QUANTITIES IN EXCEL

RENDERING AT LOBBY

EC3 TOOL ASSIGNMENT 36 ENVIRONMENTAL

PITT

PORTFOLIO

TYLER

6080287.5

403773.9 512752.6 329910.5

307197.7 kgCO2e Concrete >> Cast Decks and Underlayment 03 54 00 CAST UNDERLAYMENT 1 221320.0 lb 5.402 lb/ft² 221320.0 lb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kgCO2e Steel >> Structural Steel >> Hollow Sections 05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing 1 179371.5 lb 4.378 lb/ft² 179371.5 lb 244084.6 156952.6 116190.6 52% 120000.1 kgCO2e Steel >> Structural Steel >> Hot-Rolled05Sections 12 00 Structural Steel Framing 2 344516.6 lb 8.409 lb/ft² 344516.6 lb 265659.2 243873.3 149486.1 44% 122905.7 kgCO2e Steel >> Decking 05 31 00 Steel Decking 1 60360.0 lb 1.473 lb/ft² 60360.0 lb 86498.6 86498.6 86498.6 0% 41338.4 kgCO2e

EC3 OUTPUT DATA - IMPACTS BY MATERIAL CAMBRIDGE PUBLIC GYM - CARBON INTENSITY - EC3

Using EC3 I input all the quantities of steel and concrete for the foundation, floor slabs, and steel framing. I assumed 150 pounds of steel reinforcing for every cubic yard of concrete and was able to add a greater level of detail and accuracy. I also selected a concrete with 25% fly ash substitute to reduce the carbon intensity of the concrete. I found it interesting that even though the building structure is primarily steel that concrete made up such a large portion of the overall embodied carbon. I tried to select a steel product from an EPD that was geographically close to the project area, if I had prioritized a higher recycled steel content I likely could have further reduced the carbon intensity. When compared to a sample project it was interesting what a huge percentage of the overall carbon was due to cast in place concrete.

Overall the structure and foundations of my building account for 760388 kg of carbon, or 18.6 kg/C02e per square foot. This carbon intensity puts my design towards the low end of the benchmark range produced by the Carbon Leadership Forum.

Building Tyler Pitt - Sustainable Systems Date of Report 2021-11-12 Level of Development LOD 300: Detailed Design Source of Data Initial Estimates Area 40,968 ft² 173.8 lb/ft² 28.8 26.5 18.6 15.6 kgCO2e/ft² Totals 15 7119635.6 lb

36%

kgCO2e Category Masterformat # of Elements Quantity unit Qty / Area unit Mass unit Baseline (kgCO2e) Conservative (kgCO2e) Realized (kgCO2e) Reduction from Baseline Achievable (kgCO2e) unit Steel >> Rebar 03 21 00 Reinforcement Bars 4

lb/ft²

>> Wire & Mesh 03 22 00 Fabric and Grid Reinforcing

>> ReadyMix 03 30 00 Cast-in-Place Concrete

yd³

/ft²

1180285.8 1087410.7 760388.2

640240.1

153300.0

3.742

153300.0 lb 118210.7 87333.6 78302.4 34% 48798.1 kgCO2e Steel

1 80480.0

1.964 lb/ft

80480.0 lb 62058.7 0.0 0.0 100% 0.0 kgCO2e Concrete

5 1389.8

0.034

18%

BIM 360

EC3 TOOL ASSIGNMENT 37 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

EXAMPLE - CARBON INTENSITY - EC3

BIBLIOGRAPHY WORKS

CITED - IMAGES

Discovery Elementary School. VMDO Architects. (n.d.). Retrieved November 19, 2021, from https://www.vmdo.com/discoveryelementary-school.html.

Discovery Elementary School. The American Institute of Architects. (n.d.). Retrieved November 19, 2021, from https://www.aia.org/ showcases/71481-discovery-elementary-school-.

38 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | TYLER PITT

TSM2001 - SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS TYLER PITT

FALL 2021