Psychrometric Chart
(6.8% COMFORT ZONE)
The psychrometric chart is a powerful visualization of the amount of hours that are comfortable indoors that do not require active interference. Bases on this chart, only 6.8% of the year is comfortable in this region. Therefore, design strategies were put in place to increase the amount of comfortable hours throughout the year. Below are 3 design strategies that can help the building achieve 100% comfort throughout the year.
Design Solution
(100% COMFORT)
The building’s robust HVAC system can bring the comfort range to 100%. These systems include radiant ceiling panels, active chilled beams, radiant floors, radiant wall panels, powered by 4 air handling units. Each unit is dedicated to serving a specific section of the building, including the shop, the classroom/studio, the commons, and the offices.
12 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
HEATING COMFORT DEHUMIDIFICATION COOLING
SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
This tool has been created by COTE members to help architects calculate project performance metrics. After entering information on each measure tab, the "Results" tab will graphically display the holistic project's performance across all 10 COTE measures of sustainable design.
Whether it's used to better understand a design's performance or to streamline the process of submitting for the COTE Top Ten award, this tool will allow easy, consistent calculation and evaluation of project performance metrics and bechmarking.
Note: This version is not compatible with Excel2016 or older. For questions email cote@aia.org, we are looking to improve the tool, and appreciate your feedback!
Helena Zambrano, AIA (Project Lead) Overland Partners, San Antonio, TX Corey Squire, AIA Positive Energy, Austin, TX Benchmarks Energy Consumption 13 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - INTRODUCTION Explanation Step 2: Review your benchmarks. This is what your project will be compared against OPTIONAL user-defined Project NameJohn W. Olver Design Building 1,077 CO2 lbs./occupant/yr Project Address551 North Pleasant Street 264,963 CO2 lbs./yr Water Consumption apt., suite, etc. 1 15 Gal/sf/year City Amherst
Gal/yr State MA 5,197 Gal/occupant/yr Energy Consumption Zip Code 01003-291 108 kBtu/sf/year Climate Zone 5A (Link) 9,457,884 kBtu/yr Total Building Area 87,573Gross sf 38,447 kBtu/occupant/yr Operational Carbon Site Area(?) 85,313 sf 28 CO2 lbs./sf/year Regularly occupied space (?) 60,000 sf 2,423,511 CO2 lbs./yr Avg. daily occupancy (?) 246People 9,852 CO2 lbs./occupant/yr LPD Peak occupancy (?) 853People 1.12 W/sf FTEs(?) 100People Project completion year 2017 Review these numbers for single family residential projects Annual days of operation (?) 337Days Single Family Residential Projects: Cell Types Avg. daily hours of operation (?) 17hours Water Benchmark Gallons/Household/year Input data Total Construction Cost $37,000,000USD Energy Benchmark kBtu/Household/year Carbon Benchmark Lbs. of CO2/Household/year Input non-numeric data Building Program Calculated Value Program Breakdown Building Primary Program Education - College / University 60% Explanation Building Secondary Office 40% Building Primary Use Education - College / University Reasonable values and sources Total must equal 100% 100% Development team Additional Building Information Project Type New Construction Site Environment Suburban Previously Developed Site Yes Is the firm an AIA 2030 Signatory Yes Reported in the AIA DDx Yes Third party rating system LEED FAR 1.03 Cost/sf 422.50 $ sf/occupant - Avg. 356 sf/occupant - Peak 103 Annual hours of operation 5,729 Transportation Carbon Emissions Transportation - Total Carbon Transportation - Total Carbon Water Consumption WUI - Water Use Intensity Total Annual Water Use Water Use per Occupant Total Annual Energy Use Energy Use per Occupant Carbon Use Intensity Carbon Use Intensity This first page will assign a series of benchmarks based on building specific, national data for the project to be compared against. Energy benchmarks are referenced from CBECS 2003. For more details on benchmarking and sourcing, visit the "Reference" tab. Step 1: Fill out the below basic information of your project Welcome to the COTE Top Ten Super Spreadsheet! Ligthing Power Density (LPD) Total annual Carbon Emissions EUI - Energy Use Intensity Operational Carbon Emissions
1,278,566
user-defined
Optional
specific benchmarking spreadsheet with the COTE Z Smith, FAIA EDR, New Orleans, LA
Tate Walker, AIA OPN, Madison, WI Basic Project Information Electric Ligthing
Measure 1
‐
Design for Integration
HOLISTIC
Sustainability strategies can affect and involve multiple COTE measures. As an example: think how many measures are influenced by carbon metrics? The chart below represents the interconnectivity of the COTE measures.
COMMUNITY
Place based. ECOLOGY
Aquifer/watershed, shared resource.
Climate appropriate landscape. Rainwater harvesting. WATER
Financial resilience. Economic benefits of biophilic design. Low maintenance design.
District systems. Bioclimatic and passive design.
Water savings, water independence.
Energy savings from transportation and treatment of water.
Carbon emissions from transportation. Air quality. Connection to nature.Water quality.
Locally sourced materials. Environmentally conscious material extraction, mfg., transp. and disposal.
Social equity is a major component of resilience.
Climate change: fires, earthquakes, floods, ocean rise.
Aquifer conservation, surface water quality and enjoyment, watershed protection.
Water resilience. Flooding, precipitation changes, drought.
User groups, profiles, heat maps. Biodiversity.Mindful presence of water.
ECONOMY
Life cycle cost, Life cycle analysis.
Operational costs and costs from productivity of building occupants.
Durability and maintenance of materials.
Right sizing, flexibility for growth and change.
Replicable, cost effective strategies.
ENERGY
Daylighting as energy conversation measure.
WELLNESS
Embodied carbon of materials. Safer material selection, material transparency. RESOURCES
Carbon's role in climate change. Passive survivability. Embodied energy savings from adaptive reuse. CHANGE
Measurement and verification. Tracking health impacts.Future adaptability. Post‐occupancy evaluations. DISCOVERY
Explanations
Inputs: Describe your project's big idea on integrating design and sustainability in the green cell below. Look at chart below for inspiration.
SUSTAINABILITY 1 ‐ What is the big idea?
Multidisciplinary collaboration and integration using sustainable and innovative design and construction technologies
14 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR INTEGRATION
Measure 2 - Design for Community
Walkscore.com generates a score for walkability and community resources for any address in the US. The higher the score, the more pedestrian friendly the site.
Based on "Arnstein's Ladder of Social Engagement", how much say did the community have during the design and construction process?
The number of occupants commuting by any means other than single occupancy vehicle on any given day. Includes walking, cycling, public transit, etc.
This simple calculator compares your project's commuting patterns to published national averages. Use a survey (or an educated guess) to determine average commuting distance and average mpg of the building's occupants.
If no information is available, use the baseline (US national average). Though its designed for office projects, the calculator can produce good results for all buidlings that people travel to and from.
Determine the number of parking spaces that are required on site by local zoning code. This number is compared to the actual number of spaces provided.
Record the number of bike racks and commuter showers provided for building occupants.
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR COMMUNITY Explanations Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells Reasonable Ranges 1 - Walk Score 0% - 25% Car Dependent 25% - 50% Mostly Car Dependent www.walkscore.com 67 50% -70% Somewhat Walkable 70% - 90% Very Walkable 90% - 100% Walker's Paradise 2 - Community Engagement Poor Manipulation, Therapy Baseline Informing, Consultation Community Engagement Level6: Partnership Better Partnership, Delegation Best! Citizen Control 3 - Percentage of occupants Commuting by Alternative Transportation Below average 0% - 23% National average ~24% Occupancy typeAvg. daily occupancy Above average 25% - 100% Number of occupants commuting by alternative transportation (avg.) 100 ex. New York City74% Percent Alternative Commuters 41% ex. Manhattan 94% 4 - Simple Transportation Carbon Calculator Lbs. of CO2/Occupant Proposed Baseline > 4000 Baseline Percent of occupants commuting by single occupancy vehicle 59% 76%Weekly Avg.3000 - 4000 Getting there Average daily commute (round trip distance) 8 26Miles 2000 - 3000 Better Days Commuting per week 5 5Days 1000 - 2000 High Performing Weeks commuting per year 50 50weeks 0 - 1000 Very High Performing Average Car mpg 21.6 21.6mpg Average CO2 / Gallon of Gasoline 19.6 19.6Lbs. CO2/Gal lbs. of carbon dioxide emitted/occupant/year 1,077 4,483 % reduction over the baseline 76.0% 5 - Parking space reduction <0% Reduction Poor 0% Reduction Baseline Required On-site parking spaces 214 25% Reduction Getting there Provided on-site parking spaces 65 50% Reduction Better Parking Space Reduction 70% 75% Reduction High Performing 100% Reduction Very High Performing 6 - Bicycle Infrastructure Bike Racks Commuter Showers Occupancy typeAvg. daily occupancy Number of Bike Racks 50 10% - Good 1% - Good Number of Showers 3 25% - Better 2.5% - Better Bike Racks installed for 20% Avg. daily occupancy 50% - Best! 5% - Best! Showers installed for 1.2% Avg. daily occupancy
15 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
Measure 3 - Design for Ecology
Explanations
Record the area of the site that was reserved for vegetation, both before and after development. Green roofs are included in vegetated area
Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells
1 - Vegetated Area
Green roof area 3385 sf
Building footprint area 24625 sf
Surface parking area 21,688 sf
Area of additional on site hardscapes 11,417 sf
Area of the total site that is vegetated - Post Development 30,968 sf Site Area 85,313 sf
Percent Vegetated - Post Development 36.3%
Area of the total site that is vegetated - Pre Development 17745sf
Percent Vegetated - Pre Development 20.8%
Vegetated Area Increase 19.6%
Native plants include those that are indigenous to a specific geographic location and are adapted for the local climate and ecosystems. Use "turf grass" for any landscape areas with decorative plants not adapted to the local climate.
2 - Native Plantings
Area of the total site covered by native plants- Post Development 23,566 sf
Area of the total site covered by turf grass - Post Development 7,402 sf
Native plantings - Percent of vegetated area 76.1%
Turf grass - Percent of Site 23.9%
Native plantings - Percent of site 27.6%
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY
16 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
Step 1: Indoor Water Use:
in section 3.
Commercial v Residential:
Choose either "Commercial" or "Residential" from the dropdown for "Water Use Profile" under section 1 of this tab and input the flow rates for the corresponding table. Residential includes single family, multifamily, and lodging.
and then for each dropdown, choose the characteristic that best matches your site, plantings, and irrigation system.
or industrial processes, is not take into account.)
2 - Measured potable use can be read off utility bills.
3 - For grey/black water and rainwater,
February50,36949,3691,000
March52,85951,8591,000 19,0801,000 April54,78353,7831,000 19,0801,000 May56,02855,0281,000 19,0801,000 June57,27456,2741,000 19,0801,000 July57,38756,3871,000 19,0801,000 August57,38756,3871,000 19,0801,000 September54,78353,7831,000 19,0801,000
3 - For grey/black water and rainwater, only include the purified water that is reused for another purpose and offsets a potential potable use, such as irrigation. Condensate and foundation water that offsets potential potable water use can be included here as well
January49,57748,5771,000 19,0801,000
February50,36949,3691,000 19,0801,000
March52,85951,8591,000 19,0801,000
April54,78353,7831,000 19,0801,000 May56,02855,0281,000 19,0801,000
June57,27456,2741,000 19,0801,000
July57,38756,3871,000 19,0801,000
August57,38756,3871,000 19,0801,000
September54,78353,7831,000 19,0801,000
October52,85951,8591,000 19,0801,000
November50,36949,3691,000 19,0801,000
December49,46448,4641,000 19,0801,000 Total (Gal)643,140631,14012,000 0 228,96012,000
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR WATER Measure 4 - Design for Water Explanations Step 1) Indoor Water Use Daily Ave. Occupancy 246 Annual days of operations 337 Water Use Profile Commercial Step 1) Indoor Water use OccupantsToiletUrinalShowerLavatoryKitchen Faucet 123 1 2 0.1 3 1 123 3 0 0.1 3 1 123 246 12.3 369 123 369 0 12.3 369 123 Total uses / Day 492 246 24.6 738 246 * if no urinal, use toilet value 1.1 0.5 2 0.5 2.2 5 0.5 0.25 541 123 246 185 135 182,384 41,451 82,902 62,177 45,596 1,095 368,914 Yes Baseline #1: All Turf Baseline #2: All Native 30,968sf 30,96830,968 Warm Humid3.3 3.3 3.3 Baseline 0.8 0.8 0.8 Native Plants0.2 1 0.2 Drip Irrigation0.9 0.75 0.9 11,319 67,912 11319 Irrigation Co.Gallons 83% 0% 31% 3,509 38% 4,301 60% 6,791 77% 8,715 88% 9,960 99%11,205 100%11,319 100%11,319 77% 8,715 60% 6,791 38% 4,301 30% 3,396 90,322 Step 3) Cooling tower 40% 2.8Gallons/sf/yr 245,204Gallons/yr Yes 1 Yes 0.75 183,903Gallons / yr Month Demand1 gallons/month Potable gallons/month Rainwater gallons/month Reclaimed grey/black1 gallons/month Potable gallons/month Rainwater gallons/month Reclaimed grey/black gallons/month
19,0801,000
Gallons used / day Duration per use (Minute) Total uses / day Male Occupant Female Occupant Female Occupant Uses / day / Occupant Male Occupant Total indoor water use - Gallons / Year Gallons used / year Total indoor water use Gallons / Day Proposed Design Step 2) Irrigation Water Use Quick Irrtgation Estimator Calculator Enter the monthly modeled and measured water consumption for each water source.
- Modeled potable water use is preentered from the above calculator and only takes into account bathroom use,
order of magnitude
for
use.
January49,57748,5771,000
19,0801,000
1
Irrigation, and an
estimate
cooling tower
(Note: Due to complexity and variability, water used in restaurants, laboratories,
October September Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells 1 - Predicted Water Use February
Step 2: Irrigation Use
irrigated
Percent of the buidling cooled by a water-cooled chiller Plant Quality Factor (Qf) Irrigated Area (potable or non-potable) Summer Evapotranspiration Type of plantings (Plant Factor) Is potable water used for irrigation (after
year establishment period)? Is potable water used for irrigation? Irrigation efficiency
Enter the total area that will be
a two
This simple calculator will give an estimate of a building's water consumption. Three uses are taken into account for this calculation, indoor water use, irrigation, and cooling. For the sake of simplicity, other water uses, such as pools or commercial kitchens are not included. If your project has had a more sophisticated water use analysis, you can skip the calculator and enter the modeled values below
Fixture Flow Rates (GPF / GPM) November December April August July May June January Month March Cooling tower water use Where strategies taken to conserve cooling tower water? Does the cooling tower use potable water? Total cooling tower water use Predicted Measured 2 - Measured Water use per occupant / Percent of rainwater used / Percent of Grey+Blackwater used
This section is an extremely rough estimate of the water consumption of a cooling tower. Assume: 0 water for non-potable use, 25% less water for conservation strategies.* Proposed Design Comparison Annual Irrigation Water Use (Gal) 100%11,319
77% 8,715 60% 6,791 38% 4,301 30% 3,396 90,322 Step 3) Cooling tower 40% 2.8Gallons/sf/yr
Yes 1 Yes 0.75 183,903Gallons / yr Month Demand1 gallons/month Potable gallons/month Rainwater gallons/month Reclaimed grey/black1 gallons/month Potable gallons/month Rainwater gallons/month Reclaimed grey/black gallons/month
Step 3: Chiller Use
100%11,319
245,204Gallons/yr
0 Total Annual GallonsPotableRainfallGrey/Black Predicted643,140 98% 2% 0% Measured240,960 95% 5% 0% Water Use Summary PredictedMeasured 631,140216,960Gallons/yr 2,566 882Gallons/Occupant/yr 7.2 2.5Gallons/sf/yr Benchmarks 1,278,566Gallons/yr 5,197Gallons/Occupant/yr 51% 83% 24H 2Yr Event (in) 3 24H 2Yr Event (ft) 0.25 Rainwater Storage (cf) 4000 Surface Runoff Area (sf) Stormwater Total Runoff Roof 0.924,625 6,156 5,541 Impervious 0.933,105 8,276 7,449 Turf 0.27,402 1,851 370 Native Plantings 0.0523,566 5,892 295 Semi-Pervious 0.5-3,385 (846) (423) Sub Total 85,313 21,32813,231 After Storage 9,231 Total Percent Managed Onsite 56.7% 4
Enter the monthly modeled and measured water consumption for each water source. 1 - Modeled potable water use is preentered from the above calculator and only takes into account bathroom use, Irrigation, and an order of magnitude estimate for cooling tower use. (Note: Due to complexity and variability, water used in restaurants, laboratories, or industrial processes, is not take into account.)
2 - Measured potable use can be read off utility bills.
October September
the buidling
Runoff mostly from natural filtration (bio-swales or retention ponds) Estimated Water Runoff Quality (Choose one)
Percent of
cooled by a water-cooled chiller
Stormwater Management Calculator: Step 1: Choose your local 24H, 2Y storm event off the table to the right. Step 2: Enter the total volume of onsite storage, either a cistern or a retention pond. Step 3: Enter the area of each type of surface. Water Runoff Quality Score: Choose the most applicable option from the dropdown. This is a simple way to self assess the quality of stormwater leaving the site. Total Annual Water Use - Benchmark Total Annual Water Use / Occupant - Benchmark Improvement Estimated Water Runoff Quality (Score 1-5) 4 - Water Runoff Quality 3 - Stormwater managed on-site Cubic Feet Total Annual Water Use / Occupant November December August July Total Annual Water Use / sf Cooling tower water use Where strategies taken to conserve cooling tower water? Does the cooling tower use potable water? Total cooling tower water use Predicted Total Potable Demand Total Annual Water Use Measured 2 - Measured Water use per occupant / Percent of rainwater used / Percent of Grey+Blackwater used Step 3: Chiller Use This section is an extremely rough estimate of the water consumption of a cooling tower. Assume: 0 water for non-potable use, 25% less water for conservation strategies.* Annual Irrigation Water Use (Gal) 17 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
This table shows how the predicted water use from the calculators above compares with the benchmark.
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR ECONOMY Measure 5 - Design for Economy Explanations 1 - Construction cost benchmark Benchmark - Building Type Specific $420/sf Benchmark Source Actual construction cost $423/sf Construction cost reduction from the benchmark -1% 2 - Estimated operating cost reduction Operating and maintenance cost reduction strategies: From utility savings $0/year Major Strategy From cleaning$133,110/year Major Strategy Durability investments $0/year Major Strategy Other $0/year Major Strategy Other $0/year Major Strategy Total$133,110/year 3 - Building space efficiency Efficiency ratio Benchmark - Building Type Specific 75% Benchmark Source Efficiency ratio achieved 80% Major Strategyflexible and adaptable central atrium space Efficiency ratio percent improvement 7% Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells.
design strategies for reducing building operating costs.
design strategies,
Enter the published cost to construct similar buildings
region and list the source. 18 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
There are many
Include
along with their estimated numerical impact here. This should be pretty rough and is most valuable as a thought exercise. The cost savings from utilities are already populated. An efficient building will use fewer resources to construct, operate, and maintain. Enter the typical building efficiency ratio for the building type as a benchmark, the source of the benchmark, and the efficiency ratio achieved.
in the
January 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 44,381 3,200 7,000.0 342,109.0 -
February 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 50,172 3,200 7,000.0 356,508.0 -
March 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 42,931 3,200 7,000.0 304,790.0 -
April 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 30,562 3,200 7,000.0 137,729.0 -
May 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 31,849 3,200 7,000.0 96,334.0 -
June 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 33,592 3,200 7,000.0 30,136.0 -
July 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 49,015 3,200 7,000.0 5,515.0August 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 45,610 3,200 7,000.0 1,913.0September 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 41,342 3,200 7,000.0 13,312.0October 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 50,979 3,200 7,000.0 106,256.0November 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 45,837 3,200 7,000.0 224,334.0December 41,600 1,600 4,000 110,000.0 - 45,334 3,200 7,000.0 658,730.0 -
48,0001,320,000
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR ENERGY Measure 6 - Design for Energy Explanations 1 - Predicted and Measured energy use Step 1: Benchmark Benchmark Site EUI 108kBtu/sf/yr Benchmark Site Annual Energy 9,457,884kBtu/yr Benchmark Site CO2 Emissions 28lbs. of CO2/sf/yr Benchmark Site annual CO2 Emissions 2,423,511lbs. of CO2/yr Step 2: Record Monthly Energy Use Grid ElectricityNatural GasChilled WaterDistrict Steam Onsite GenerationGrid ElectricityNatural GasChilled WaterDistrict Steam Onsite Generation Month kWh ccf kBtu Lbs kWh kWh ccf Ton Hours kLbs kWh
Cost of Energy (per selected unit) $0.12 $0.94 $0.18 $9.39 -0.02 CO2 emissions (Lbs.) per kBtu 0.36 0.12 0.36 0.12 -0.36 0.36 0.12 0.36 0.12 -0.36 Total CO2 Emissions 609,024236,390 17,173189,130 0624,157472,781360,633326,343,984 0 Step 2: Review Outputs PredictedMeasured Total Gross Energy (kBtu/yr) 5,296,2726,692,410 Total Net Energy (kBtu/yr) 5,296,2726,692,410 Percent from Renewable Energy 0% 0% Gross EUI (kBtu/sf/yr) 60 76 Net EUI (kBtu/sf/yr) 60 76 Net Energy percent reduction from Benchmark 44% 29% Total Net CO2 Emissions (Lbs./yr) 1,051,717327,801,556 Net CO2 Emissions (Lbs./sf/yr) 12.013743.18 CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark 57%-13426% Net operating cost ($) $12,481,392$21,499,892 2 - Lighting Power Density Installed Lighting Power Density 0.65W/sf Benchmark Lighting power Density 1.1W/sf Lighting Power density reduction 42% 3 - Window Wall Ratio Window Wall Ratio (WWR) 0.40 Benchmarks are from CBECS 2003, EUI measured in kBtu/sf/yr used on site, CO2 Emissions measured in lbs. CO2/kBtu. CO2 baseline from CBECS Table 1.Total energy consumption by energy source, 2012 Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells
1: Calculate the total installed lighting power density for your
2: Determine
space
Fill out
predicted energy uses,
fuel
energy
Total499,200 19,200
0511,60438,40084,0002,277,666 0 Conversion Factor 3.41 102.6 1 1.194 3.41 3.41 102.6 12 1194 3.41 Total (kBtu)1,702,2721969920 48,0001,576,080 01,744,5703,939,8401,008,0002,719,533,204 0
Step
building. Step
an appropriate benchmark for the
type from IECC 2015. Step 1:
the
per
type, from an
model.
Step 2: Fill out the measured energy uses per fuel type.
Predicted Measured
will auto fill
benchmarking
19 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
If an energy model was not completed for the project, just fill out the measured energy use. If a fuel type was not used, leave the monthly inputs as Zero. If a fuel type was used, but recorded in different units (such as Therms rather than CCF), use the conversion factors link to the right. Enter the local energy cost for each fuel type if available. Enter the cost of renewables as negative.
Benchmarks
from the
page. Record your building's window wall ratio.
who control their own light levels.
*Kaiser Permanente Facilities Design Program's Chemicals of Concern in Building Materials, Fabric, Furniture, and Finishes list. *Harvard's Green Building Standards for healthier materials
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DESIGN FOR WELLNESS
7 - Design for Wellness Explanations 1 - Quality Views, Operable windows, & Daylighting Total area of regularly occupied space60,000sf Percent of building that is regularly occupied69% Area with quality views50,000sf83% Area with operable windows38,500sf64% Area served primarily by daylighting33,000sf55% Daylight sensors installed?Yes Are operable windows used?Yes 2 - Occupants Per thermostat, Occupants who can control their own lighting Total accessible thermostats23Thermostat Occupants per thermostat10.7 Do occupants have task lights?Yes Percent of occupants who control their own light levels22% 3 - CO2 & VOCs Goal Maximum CO2 levels400ppm Is CO2 measured?Yes Maximum Measured CO 2 levels300ppm Is VOC measured?Yes Maximum Measured VOC levels100ppb 4 - Number of materials specified that have health certifications OR avoided chemicals of concern Materials with health certifications4Materials Notable Material 1 CertificationForest Stewardship Council Notable Material 2 CertificationNotable Material 3 CertificationNotable Material 4 CertificationNotable Material 5 Certification Number of chemicals of concern that where avoided1Chemicals Chemical of concern AVOIDED Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Standard Chemical of concern AVOIDED Standard Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells CLT Step 1: Determine the area of the building that is regularly occupied. Step 2: Input the area of occupied spaces that have access to views, operable windows, and daylight.
work stations
Input the total number of accessible thermostats and the percent of occupants
Low-VOC adhesive
Low-VOC flooring Low-VOC paint
Measure
For quality views, include work stations that have a direct line of sight to nature. For operable windows, include
within 25' of an operable window. For Daylight, input a continuous daylight autonomy metric. If daylight performance wasn't simulated, input the total area within 15' from from a perimeter wall.
Input information on indoor air quality measurements.
Input the total number of materials that have a third-party health certification in the yellow box. Then name each of those notable materials and their certification. Examples of certifications: *Declare *Health Product Declaration *Cradle to Cradle *Level -ORInput the total number of chemicals of concern that you avoided. Then name each of those chemicals and the standard that you used as a guide. Examples of the standards include: *Living Building Challenge Red List
*WELL Building Standard
*Healthier Hospitals Initiative Safer Chemicals *Six Classes (chemicals from Green Science Policy Institute)
VOC 20 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - RESOURCES Measure 8 - Resources Explanations 1 - Embodied Energy Use the below link to determine the total embodied energy: build carbon neutral 2,681 Metric tonnes of Carbon Dioxide (from buildcarbonneutral.org, Tally...) 5,910,586Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide 67Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide / sf Embodied energy Benchmark 84.4Based on building type Embodied energy reduction from Benchmark 20% 2 - Life Cycle Analysis Was a full building life cycle analysis performed?Yes What Software was used? Major Structural System?Heavy Timber Major strategy for reducing embodied carbon? Major strategy for reducing embodied carbon? 3 - Number of Materials Specified with EPDs (or similar) Materials with EPDs 20Materials Notable Material 1 Certification Notable Material 2 Certification Notable Material 3 Certification Notable Material 4 Certification Notable Material 5 Certification Notable Material 6 Certification Notable Material 7 Certification Notable Material 8 Certification Notable Material 9 Certification 4 - Construction Waste Diverted Percent of construction waste diverted from the landfill How the above was the above number determined? Notable Strategy Notable Strategy Notable Strategy 5 - Recycled Materials, Regional Materials, & Materials with Third Party Certifications Total Construction Cost$37,000,000 Total Materials Cost$22,200,000 Percent Total cost of recycled materials$2,384,00011% Total cost of regional materials$3,063,00014% How much of installed wood is FSC Certified?All 100% Notable Reused or Recycled Material Notable Reused or Recycled Material Notable Reused or Recycled Material Notable Regional Material Source Location Notable Regional Material Source Location Notable Regional Material Source Location Calculate or estimate the total value of materials that were recycled, local, or certified by third party programs. Local Materials: Don't worry too much about staying in a specific radius from the site. Use your best judgment to determine which materials were harvested or manufactured "locally" Recycled / Reused Materials: Include all materials that contain some component or ingredient that is reused or recylce. Sustainably sourced structural wood Weighing and recording dumpster fills during construction is best practice, but a good estimate will do as well. 88% Measured There are a variety of tools for estimating the embodied carbon of an entire building. The simplest is Build Carbon Neutral, which only takes a few minutes and inputs. For a more detailed analysis, try Talley or Athena This can be from any tool and taken to any depth "An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a document that communicates verified, transparent and comparable information about the life-cycle environmental impact of products." - International EPD System List EPS (or similar certifications) collected for materials used and tally up the total number. Athena Life Cycle Assessment Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells cross laminated timber American Wood Council 21 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
Input the building's design lifespan. The design lifespan is based on a variety of design choices such as material durability, functional adaptability, and water management.
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - CHANGE Measure 9 - Change Explanations 1 - Percent of Reused Floor Area Total floor area reused 0sf Percent reused0% 2 - Days the Building Can Function Without Power Choose one Relative ranking (Score 1-4) 1 3 - Building Lifespan Building design lifespan200Years Was the building designed for disassembly?Partially Notable longevity Strategy Notable longevity Strategy Notable longevity Strategy
passive functionality
dropdown.
How much floor area
existing? Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells Passive survivability Non-combustible exteripr cladding system 22 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
Choose the most relevant description of
from the
was already
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - DISCOVERY Measure 10 - Discovery Explanations 1 - Level of Post Occupancy Engagement Contact the owner / Occupant to see how things are goingYes 1 Formal post occupancy air quality testing 0 Obtain utility bill to determine actual performance 0 Data logging of indoor environmental measurements 0 Survey building occupants on satisfaction 0 Post occupancy energy analysisYes 1 Formal onsite daylight measurements 0 Develop and share strategies to improve the building's PerformanceYes 1 Share collected data with building occupants 0Teach occupants and operators how to improve building performance 0 Post Occupancy Engagement Score 30% 2 - Level of Transparency Present the design of the project to the officeYes 1 Publish post occupancy data from the building 0 Present the design of the project to the publicYes 1 Publish any lessons learned from design, construction, or occupancyYes 1 Present outcomes and lessons learned to the officeYes 1other: 0 Present outcomes and lessons learned to the publicYes 1other: 0 Transparency score 63% 3 - Level of Occupant feedback Choose one Relative ranking (Score 0-5)3 Curious occupants have access to performance feedback Select the level of occupancy feedback. Which of the following did you do to stay engaged with the building? Which of the following did you do to share the lessons of the project? Calculators: Enter your values into the yellow cells. Enter non-numerical data into the green cells Select all the post occupancy strategies that were employed. Select all the transparency strategies that were employed. 23 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
Gross site EUI - Predicted 60kBtu/sf/yr
Net energy reduction from Benchmark 44%Net Energy Reduction
Carbon emissions / sf - Predicted 12.0Lbs. of CO2/sf/yr
Percent from Renewable Energy 0%
CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark 57%
Net site EUI - Measured 76kBtu/sf/yr
Gross site EUI - Measured 76kBtu/sf/yr
Net energy reduction from Benchmark 29%Net Energy Reduction
Carbon emissions / sf - Measured 3743.2Lbs.
COTE SUPER SPREADSHEET - SUMMARY COTE Top Ten Toolkit Super Spreadsheet COTE_Super_Spreadsheet_Version_1.6.xlsx Measure 1 - Design for Integration Measure 2 - Design for Community Walk Score 67Walk Score Community Engagement Score 6Level of community Engagement (1=low, 7=high) Alternative Transportation Percentage 41%Alternative Commuters Transportation carbon - Annual Carbon / Occupant 1,077Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide Transportation carbon - Total Annual Carbon 264,963Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide Transportation carbon - Percent Reduction 76%Reduction of Transportation Carbon Parking Space Reduction 70%Reduction of Parking Spaces Bicycle Infrastructure - Bike Racks 20%of occupants get a bike Rack Bicycle Infrastructure - Showers 1.2%of occupants can shower simultaneously Measure 3 - Design for Ecology Vegetated site area - Post Development 36%Of site vegetated (Post-development) Vegetated site area - Pre Development 21%Of site vegetated (Pre-development) Vegetated area increase 20%Change in vegetated area (Post-development) Native plantings - Percent of total 28%Of total site dedicated to native plantings Native plantings - Percent of vegetation 76%Of vegetated area dedicated to native plantings Measure 4 - Design for Water Water use per occupant - Predicted Annual 2,566Gallons of potable water used / occupant / year Water use per occupant - Predicted Daily 7.6Gallons of potable water used / occupant / day Water Use Intensity - Predicted 7.2Gallons of potable water used / sqft / day Percent rainwater use - Predicted 2%Of total water use is from collected rainwater Percent grey/black water use - Predicted 0%Of total water use is from grey or blackwater Potable water reduction 51% Water use per occupant - Measured Annual 882Gallons of potable water used / occupant / year Water use per occupant - Measured Daily 2.6Gallons of potable water used / occupant / day Water use intensity- Measured 2.5Gallons of potable water used / sf / day Percent rainwater use - Measured 5%Of total water use is from collected rainwater Percent grey/black water use - Measured 0%Of total water use is from grey or blackwater Potable water reduction 83% Potable water used for Irrigation? YesIs potable water used for irrigation? Rainwater managed onsite 57%Of stormwater managed onsite Estimated runoff quality 4Water quality score (1=low, 5=high) Measure 5 - Design for Economy Actual construction cost $423Dollar (USD) / sf Benchmark Construction cost $420Dollar (USD) / sf Construction cost reduction from the benchmark -1%Dollar (USD) / sf Efficiency ratio achieved 80%Net to Gross Efficiency ratio percent improvement 7% Measure 6 - Design for Energy Net site EUI - Predicted 60kBtu/sf/yr Gross site EUI - Predicted 60kBtu/sf/yr Net energy reduction from Benchmark 44%Net Energy Reduction Carbon emissions / sf - Predicted 12.0Lbs. of CO2/sf/yr Percent from Renewable Energy 0% CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark 57% Net site EUI - Measured 76kBtu/sf/yr Gross site EUI - Measured 76kBtu/sf/yr Net energy reduction from Benchmark 29%Net Energy Reduction Carbon emissions / sf - Measured 3743.2Lbs. of CO2/sf/yr Percent from Renewable Energy 0% CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark -13426% Lighting Power Density 0.65W/sf Lighting Power Density % Reduction 42% Measure 7 - Design for Wellness Quality views 83%Occupied area with quality views Operable windows 64%Occupied area with operable windows Daylight autonomy 55%Occupied area served primarily by daylight Predicted Measured Predicted Measured
60kBtu/sf/yr
of CO2/sf/yr Percent from Renewable Energy 0% CO2 Percent reduction from Benchmark -13426% Lighting Power Density 0.65W/sf Lighting Power Density % Reduction 42% Measure 7 - Design for Wellness Quality views 83%Occupied area with quality views Operable windows 64%Occupied area with operable windows Daylight autonomy 55%Occupied area served primarily by daylight Individual thermal control 10.7Occupants per thermostat Individual lighting control 22%Occupants who control their own lighting Peak measured CO2 300ppm Peak measured VOC 100ppb Materials with health certifications 4Materials Checmicals of concern avoided 1Chemicals Measure 8 - Design for Resources Embodied energy - CO2/sf 67.49Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide / sf Embodied energy - Total CO2 5,910,586Lbs. of Carbon Dioxide - total Embodied energy reduction from benchmark 20% Life cycle analysis conducted - Y/N Yes Number of EPDs Collected 20Materials % of construction waste diverted 88% % of recycled content of building materials 11% % of regional materials 14% % of installed wood that is FSC Certified 100% Measure 9 - Design for Change % of reused floor area 0% Functionality without power (relative score) 11=low, 4=high Percent onsite generation 0% Carbon emissions saved from adaptive reuse 0Total Lbs. of CO2 Building design lifespan 200Years Measure 10 - Design for Discovery Level of post occupancy evaluation 30% Level of Knowledge distribution / transparency 63% Level of Feedback (Ongoing discovery) 3Feedback Score (0=low, 5=high) Predicted Measured 24 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 02 | COTE BUILDING
IN-CLASS EXERCISES
In-Class Exercise #08a: Window Wall Ratio
1 - A building has a oor slab that is 20’ x 30’. Each exterior wall is 20’ tall. Windows comprise 25% of the walls. There are two (2) doors and each is 3’ wide by 7.5’ tall. The hip roof is 1,400 sf total. What percentage of the overall building is each component?
2 - A building with a at roof has the elevations below. What is the WWR (Window Wall Ratio)? Calculate for each facade and for all walls combined. We are only looking at walls in this case.
←
WINDOW WALL RATIO
For this assignment, I calculated the gross wall area, building envelope area, window area, and opening areas. I also calculated the wall and window areas for each individual facade. These numbers are then used to also calculate the window-wallratio for the building and for each facade.
BUILDING ENERGY USE ↓
Part I of the assignment looked at my Studio IV project. I estimated the building's energy consumption based on the building's square footage, and looked at what a 30% reduction could look like. Then I did a similar calculation for a hybrid building with two different energy consumption levels, and investigated the grid energy reduction possibilities with solar panels.
North East West South
1 GROSS WAU L GrossNORTHWAN 20 x 30 600SF 2 201 20 t 2 201 30 2000SF
NETNORTHGLAZING 2 2,5 X30 150SF
NORTHWANWWR 150 600 25 1400 t 2000 340057
TOTALBLDGENVELOPE
GrossEASTWAU 26 20 400 SF
NETWINDOW NETEASTGLAZING 31 61 6 108SF Tooox 25 500SF
EASTWANWWE 1081400 27
In-Class Exercise #06: Calcuate Energy Use for a Building
Part I - O ce Building Example
NETDOOR 3 x 7.51 2 45SF
NETWALL
GROSSSOUTH WAN Lo x 30 600SF 2000 500 45 1455OF NET SOUTHGLAZING 4 t 443 X301 33057
WINDOW RATIO
SOUTHWANWWR 3301600 55 50013400 14.7 Gross WEST WAU 26 20 400 SF
DOORRATIO NET WESTGLAZING 31 61 6 108SF 45 3400 1.3 WEST WANWWE 1081400 27 WAURATO 2855 3400 42.8
TOTALGROSSWAU 600 400 2 2000SF
Roof RATIO
TOTALNETGLAZING 150 108 330 108 6968 140013400 41.2 0
TOTAL WWE 69612000 34.8
1. You design a 20,000 sf o ce building. How much energy does a baseline building of this type consume annually?
Using your studio or past studio project - find the total SF of your building. How much energy does a baseline building of this type consume annually?
Source: Site:
Source: Site: 112kBtn ft x50570ft 5,003,840KBtu 562kBtu ft x50570ft 2.842,034kistu
2. You complete an energy model and determine that by maximizing passive strategies for solar heat gain in the winter, shading in the summer, and natural ventilation for a signi cant part of the year, you can reduce the amount of energy your o ce building (from #1) consumes by 30%. How much energy is your building predicted to consume annually?
Source:
5,663,840 x 70 3,964,688KBtu
Part II - Museum/Restaurant Example
3. You design a 20,000 sf building that contains a 15,000 sf museum and a 5,000 sf restaurant. How much energy does a baseline building of this type consume annually?
Source:
112KBtu Ift x 15,000Sf t 573.7 KBtu ft x5,000St 4,548,500kBtw
4. In addition to applying passive strategies to this museum/restaurant building (from #3), you lower the lighting power density, you take advantage of daylighting and sensors to dim lights when there is enough sunlight to illuminate the space, and you employ heat recovery systems to capture and reuse waste heat. Via these strategies, your energy model predicts that you can reduce the amount of energy your building consumes by 70%. How much energy is your building predicted to consume annually?
Source:
4,548,500 x 30 1,364,550 KBtw
5. For your building in #4, you install a small PV array that can provide power for 25% of the demand on an annual basis. How many kBTUs of energy do you need from the grid (which will be powered by a mix of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources)? Assume this is an all-electric building.
31 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 03 | ASSIGNMENTS
In-Class Exercise #08b: Shading Devices
Use the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool for this exercise (https://susdesign.com/overhang/).
#1
- You are located at approximately 45 degrees N latitude in Milan, Italy.
- You have a southern-facing window that is 3’ wide and 8’ tall.
- Reference the sun charts for Milan, Italy included in this exercise.
Answer the three italicized items below: a) Based on the Climate Consultant sun charts, what times of year and times of day is shading most needed in this climate?
b) Using the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool, design a horizontal shading device that will provide complete or partial direct sunlight shading during the times when it is most needed. Attach an image of your window and shading device (from the website or one you draw yourself!).
Overhang Width: ________________ Overhang Depth: ________________ Height of Shading Device Above Window: ________________ Horizontal O set of Shading Device: ________________
AROUND 15 00 IN JULY 10 Z O 3
c) If you are not able to block all of the direct sunlight during times that require shade with the horizontal shading device, what other passive strategies and/or building elements might you rely on to help provide comfort?
SHADING DEVICES
For this assignment, I used a website (susdesign.com ) to design 2 shading devices for 2 different environments. The first design (page left) is for a window in Milan, Italy. The climate data indicates the harshest daylighting condition for this location is around 15:00 in July. Therefor the shade is designed to block the most sun at this time. The second design if for
a window located in Santiago, Chile, which is on the opposite side of the equator. At this location, shading is most needed around 14:00 in December, and the shade is designed specifically to block the sun at this time.
32 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 03 | ASSIGNMENTS
IN-CLASS EXERCISES
In-Class Exercise #08b: Shading Devices
Use the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool for this exercise (https://susdesign.com/overhang/).
#2
- You are located at approximately 33 degrees S latitude in Santiago, Chile.
- You have a northern-facing window that is 3’ wide and 8’ tall.
- Reference the sun charts for Santiago, Chile included in this exercise.
Answer the three italicized items below:
a) Based on the Climate Consultant sun charts, what times of year and times of day is shading most needed in this climate?
AROUND 1400 IN DECEMBER
b) Using the Sustainable by Design Overhang Analysis tool, design a horizontal shading device that will provide complete or partial direct sunlight shading during the times when it is most needed. Attach an image of your window and shading device (from the website or one you draw yourself!).
Overhang Width: ________________
Overhang Depth: ________________
Height of Shading Device Above Window: ________________ Horizontal O set of Shading Device: ________________
7 l l O Z
c) If you are not able to block all of the direct sunlight during times that require shade with the horizontal shading device, what other passive strategies and/or building elements might you rely on to help provide comfort?
33 ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO | ZHENXING GU SECTION 03 | ASSIGNMENTS
Cover Image courtesy of University of Massachsetts Amherst
AllimagesthispagecourtesyofLeers WeinzapfelAssociates
Image Credit: Leers Weinzapfel Associates
Exterior Rendering of the Proposed Central Square Community Center
