Ammonia booklet final low

Safe Handling Guidelines for Ammonia

GPIC is a Responsible Care Company Responsible Care is the cultural foundation of GPIC’s commitment to health, safety, security, communities and the environment.

Although there are hazards associated with ammonia, they can be managed to minimise potential risks to people and the environment during the life cycle of ammonia.

President’s Message In GPIC, we are committed to upholding our mission and endeavour to use only the best practices in all our manufacturing processes, systems and procedures. As a socially responsible company, we continuously strive to maintain the GPIC facility in a safe, healthy and environmentally friendly manner. Our commitment towards a responsible business management process across the lifecycle of our product’s, has resulted in our achievement of the highest quality products to the complete satisfaction of our worldwide customers and end users.

Our product handling and export facility is the main link between our process and export activities. This facility is part of critical operations that require vigilance and strict adherence to safety, health and environmental regulations and best practices. Such compliance will reduce the risk of injuries and prevent environmental pollution and ensures the delivery of best product quality throughout the supply chain cycle down to the end user, in the safest and most efficient manner.

This booklet endorses our proactive product stewardship management, reflecting our

commitments, as an accredited Responsible Care (RC 14001) organisation, as well as an active member of the industrial community on an international level; toward Protect and Sustain initiatives. The booklet outlines the objective of increasing awareness of all personnel involved in the field of handling and transporting ammonia including customers. It also highlights the importance of safety, security and hygiene and other key characteristics and aspects related to this product, namely, storage, transfer and export operations.

Dr. Abdulrahman Jawahery GPIC President

Contents 1- Brief About Gpic

Page 1

2- What is Ammonia?

Page 2

3- Msds

Page 3

4- Gpic’s Products Handling & Export Facility

Page 7

5- Gpic Rules & Requirements

Page 8

6- Safety & Emergency Response

Page 9

7- Glossary

DISCLAIMER MESSAGE The guidelines illustrated in this book are a summary of practices that are proven to be appropriate and suitable for the handling, transport and storage of ammonia and GPIC shall not be liable for errors, omissions or incorrect use of these guidelines. The mentioned data are based on the current state of knowledge and insights, and cannot be considered as guaranteed.

Page 11

1- Brief about GPIC Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company (GPIC) was formed in December 1979, as an equal partnership between the governments of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. A site of 600,000 square metres was successfully reclaimed from the sea to house GPIC’s first petrochemical plant, namely ammonia and methanol, with production capacities of 1,000 tonnes per day of each product.

The production of ammonia was commenced on 19 June 1985 and methanol production on 2 July 1985, with the first product being exported in August 1985. In December 1989, both Ammonia and Methanol plants were expanded (debottlenecked) to capacities of 1,200 tonnes per day for each product.

In September 1995, GPIC signed a contract with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. (MHI) Japan for the design and construction of a Granular Urea Plant with a capacity of 1,700 tonnes per day. This project was successfully completed in record time and the Urea plant was commissioned successfully and production was achieved on 7 January 1998.

The challenges of climate change have always been taken 1

seriously at GPIC, and in order to manage our greenhouse gas emissions we commissioned the Middle East’s first Carbon Dioxide Recovery plant in 2009. The unit designed by MHI has a design capacity to capture 450 MT of carbon dioxide per day from the Methanol plant reformer stack flue gases and recycle back.

GPIC export facilities for ammonia and methanol are situated at the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) wharf in Sitra.

Two ammonia and two methanol hydraulic loading arms are utilised to load the liquid product into tanker ships. The export lines stretch over a length of around 4 km from the GPIC complex.

2- What is Ammonia?

Ammonia is a commonly used chemical in commercial and household cleaners. In industry, ammonia is used in petroleum refining, to manufacture pharmaceuticals, to disinfect water and as a refrigerant. In agriculture, ammonia can be used for crop processing, fertilisers or as an antifungal treatment for citrus. Ammonia can also be produced naturally when stored materials such as manure, compost or other materials break down.

Ammonia can be mixed with water and sold as ammonium hydroxide or used in compressed gas as anhydrous ammonia (meaning without water).

Workers in all industries should know that, despite its common usage, ammonia poses health risks and hazards that require proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe use and handling procedures.

transporting and storing ammonia is a prime factor with a view to ensuring that the product is handled, transported and stored, incorporating the measures for preserving its quality. This book highlights important guidelines, characteristics and precautions necessary to ensure proper care is taken to protect the product and the personnel.

Terminal safety, security and environmental guidelines are also addressed in the book for the benefit of all personnel involved.

The awareness of personnel involved in exporting,

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Ingestion: Inhalation:

3- MSDS

irritation.

Ingestion is not a likely route of exposure for Ammonia.

Ammonia is severely irritating to nose, throat, and lungs.

Symptoms may include burning sensations, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.

Overexposure may also cause central nervous system effects including unconsciousness and convulsions.

Upper airway damage is more likely and can result in bronchospasm (closing of the airway). Vocal chords are particularly vulnerable to corrosive effects of high concentrations. Lower airway damage may result in fluid buildup and haemorrhage.

Death has occurred following a 5 minute exposure to 5000 ppm.

Vapour contact may cause irritation and bums. Contact with liquid may cause freezing of the tissue accompanied by corrosive caustic action and dehydration.

Exposure Limits: Exposure Limits: OSHA: Limits: Exposure Exposure OSHA: Limits: ACGIH: OSHA: OSHA: ACGIH: NIOSH: ACGIH: ACGIH: NIOSH:

Section 7. Handling and Section 7. Handling and Storage

Storage

Only trained persons should handleAnhydrous anhydrous ammonia Ammonia. is Store in cool (26.7 °C / Emergency Overview: an irritant and corrosive to the PEL = 50 ppm PEL = 50 ppm skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes.

80 °F) and well ventilated areas.

TLV/TWA = 25 ppm PEL = = 50 50 ppm ppm PEL TLV/TWA = 25 ppm Exposure to liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause OSHA 29 CFR 1910.111 prescribes handling and storage requirements for IDLH = 300= TLV/TWA = ppm 25 ppm ppm TLV/TWA 25 IDLH = 300 ppm anhydrous Ammonia as a hazardoussevere material. chemical burns and frostbite to the eyes, lungs and TLV-STEL =ppm 35 ppm NIOSH: IDLH = 300 300= NIOSH: IDLH = ppm TLV-STEL 35 ppm Emergency Anhydrous ammoniarelated is an irritant corrosive Use only carbon steel, stainlessOverview: steel and Skin black iron for Ammonia containers andandcould skin. and respiratory diseases be to th Flash Point: Not applicable TLV-STEL = 35 35 ppm ppm TLV-STEL = Flash Point: Not applicable skin, respiratory tract and membranes. piping. Do not use any non-ferrous metals such aseyes, copper, bronze, brass, tin,mucous zinc aggravated by exposure.

Autoignition 651 °C (1204 °F) Flash Point: Not applicable Flash Point: Not Autoignition 651applicable °C (1204 °F) tosevere liquid or rapidly expanding gases may caus Ammonia can cause eye, skin and respiratory tract or galvanized metals. Protect containers fromExposure physical damage.

Skin Contact: Flammable Range: 16%25% Autoignition 651 °C °C (1204 °F) °F) Autoignition 651 (1204 Flammable Range: 16%25% burns. in severe chemical Keep away from ignition sources, especially indoor spaces.burns and frostbite to the eyes, lungs an Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide or water, water spray or Flammable Range: 16%25% Flammable Range: 16%25% Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide or water, water spray or Skin and fire respiratory relatedhazard diseases Keep separated and away from incompatible substances.

It posesskin. an immediate and explosion whencould b alcohol-resistant foam ifdioxide gas flow cannot be stopped.

Extinguishing Media: Media: Dry chemical, carbon carbon orcannot water, be water spray or or Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification Extinguishing Dry chemical, or water, water spray alcohol-resistant foam ifdioxide gas flow stopped. aggravated by 15%. exposure. concentrations exceed Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification Special Fire Fighting Evacuate all personnel from area.

If possible without alcohol-resistant foam if if gas gas flow cannot be stopped. stopped. alcohol-resistant foam flow cannot be Special Fire Fighting Evacuate all personnel from area.

If possible without Ammonia canbreathing cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tra !

Wear self-contained apparatus (SCBA) when Potential Health Effects of Repeated Exposure: Product Name: Ammonia Contact Information: Instructions: risk, stop the flow of Ammonia, then Iffight fire according Special Fire Fighting Overview: Evacuate all personnel personnel from area. area. possible without Special Fire Fighting Evacuate all from possible without Instructions: risk, stop Anhydrous the flow of Ammonia, then fire and according Emergency ammonia is anIffight irritant corrosive to the entering burns. release area if concentrations exceed allowable Routes of Entry: Inhalation, eye or skin contact Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company to types of materials that are burning.

Synonym: Ammonia, Anhydrous Instructions: risk, stopofskin, the flow ofrespiratory Ammonia, then and fightmucous fire according according Section Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Instructions: risk, stop the flow of Ammonia, then fight fire to types materials that are burning. eyes, tract membranes. exposure Fully in large Section 8.8.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Itlimits. poses an protective immediatesuits fire are andrequired explosion hazard whe Symptoms: Repeated or prolonged skin exposure may cause Extinguish fire only ifthat gasare flow can be stopped. This will 51, Road 1401 to types types of ofExposure materials burning.

Chemical Name: Ammonia to materials are burning.

Extinguish fire only to ifthat gas flow can be stopped.

This will may cause liquid or rapidly expanding gases releases.concentrations Always be aware of fire and explosion potential exceed 15%. dermatitis. avoid possible accumulation and re-ignition of a Um Al-Baydh 614 Extinguish fire fire only if if gas gas flow flow can be be stopped. stopped. This This will will Chemical Formula: NH3 Section 8.limits Exposure Controls/Personal Extinguish avoid possible accumulation andfrostbite re-ignition a lungs and Exposure for Ammonia: Vapour inProtection severeonly chemical burnscan and to theof eyes, Wear self-contained the case of large releases. breathing apparatus (SCBA) whe Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous and respiratory systems. flammable gas accumulation mixture. Self-contained breathing Sitra, Kingdom of Bahrain avoid possible possible and re-ignition re-ignition of a a could be avoid accumulation and of flammable gasSkin mixture.

Self-contained skin. and respiratory related breathing diseases release area if concentrations exceed allowab Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal OSHA 50 ppm 35Protection mg/m3entering PEL 8 Hour TWA Section 8.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection apparatus (SCBA) may be required.

P.O. Box : 26730 flammableaggravated gas may mixture.

Self-contained breathing breathing 3 Exposure for Potential Ammonia: Vapour flammable gas mixture.

Self-contained Section 8. limits Exposure Controls/Personal apparatus (SCBA) required. bybe exposure. exposure limits.

Fully protective suits are required in larg Acute Effects: NIOSH 35 ppmHealth 27Protection mg/m 15 Minutes Exposure limits for Ammonia: Vapour Section 8.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Section 4.

First Aid Measures 3 If a portable container (such as cylinder or trailer) can be Email: SSS@gpic.net apparatus (SCBA) may be required.

OSHA 50 ppm Vapour 35 mg/m3releases.

PEL 8Always Hour TWA apparatus (SCBA) may be required.

If a portable container assevere cylinder or skin trailer) can be Ammonia can(such cause eye, and respiratory tract be aware of fire and explosion potenti Exposure for Ammonia: Routes of Exposure: Section 8. limits Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Exposure limits for Ammonia: OSHA 50 ppm Vapour STEL 35 mg/m33 PEL 3 8 Hour TWA moved from container the fire area without risk to individual, If a a portable portable (such as cylinder cylinder or the trailer) can be be In Case of Emergency Call: NIOSH 35 ppm ppm Vapour Exposure 27 mg/m Minutes If container (such as or trailer) can Exposure limits forContact: Ammonia: moved from the fire area without risk to the individual, burns.

Eye tothe Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye 25 18 10 Hour TWA inREL of large releases.

OSHA 50 ppm 35 mg/mmg/m PEL 815 Hour TWA 3case 3 NIOSH 35 27 mg/m 15 Minutes Exposure limits for Ammonia: Vapour Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large quantities of water.

Seek medical OSHA 50 ppm 35 mg/m PEL 8 Hour TWA do so to prevent the pressure relief valve of the trailer moved from from the the fire fire area area without without risk risk to to the individual, individual, 3 3 +973 17 731777 STEL Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large quantities of water. Seek medical moved OSHA 50 35 mg/mmg/m 815Hour TWA do so to prevent the relief of the trailer 300 ppm Vapour irritation.

IDLH It poses anpressure immediate firevalve andthe explosion hazard when NIOSH 35 ppm 27 Minutes Exposure limits for Ammonia: 3 PEL 3 Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large quantities of water. Seek medical STEL attention immediately.

NIOSH 35 27 mg/m 15 Minutes OSHA 50 ppm 35 mg/m PEL 8 Hour TWA 3 from discharging or the cylinder from rupturing.

Where do so sodischarging to concentrations prevent the the pressure relief valve of the the Where trailer !

3 REL33 25 ppm 18 mg/m 10Hour Hour TWA Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large quantities of water. Seek medical attention immediately. do to prevent pressure relief of trailer NIOSH 35 ppm 27 mg/m Minutes from or the cylinder fromvalve rupturing. exceed 15%.

Acute Potential Health Effects: STEL 3 is Ingestion: Ingestion not route of exposure for Ammonia.

ACGIH 25 18 mg/m 815 TWA OSHA 50 35 PEL 3 a likely attention immediately.

25 ppm ppm 18 mg/m mg/m REL 10 Hour TWA STEL Ingestion: Ingestion is not likely route of exposure forSeek Ammonia.

NIOSH 35 27 mg/m 15 Minutes Eye Contact: Flush eyes witha large quantities of water. medical not coolorfire-exposed containers with Where water fromportable, discharging the cylinder cylinder from rupturing. rupturing.

3 3 300ppm ppmof Exposure: IDLH attention immediately.

Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia is an irritant and corrosive to the Ingestion: Ingestion is not likely route of exposure forSeek Ammonia.

Eye Contact: Flush eyes witha large quantities of water. medical Section 2.2.Composition and Information on Ingredients from discharging orfire-exposed the from STEL not portable, containers with Where water Wearcool self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when Routes 25 18 mg/mmg/m 10 Hour TWAto nose, throat, and lungs.

Ammonia is severely irritating 3 REL STEL Section Composition and Information on Ingredients NIOSH Inhalation: 35 27 15 Minutes Ingestion: Ingestion is not ato likely route ofIf exposure forSeek Ammonia.

300 ppm IDLH 25 ppm 18 mg/m REL 10 Hour TWA STEL attention immediately.

Inhalation: Remove person fresh air. not breathing, administer Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large quantities of water. medical 3 spray.

Stay upwind when containers are threatened.

Use 3 not portable, portable, coolrelease fire-exposed containers with exceed water 3 skin, eyes, tract and mucous membranes.

Ingestion: Ingestion is not likely route forrespiratory Ammonia.

ACGIH mg/m 8toHour TWA attention immediately.

Inhalation: Remove person fresh air.ofIf exposure not administer not cool fire-exposed with water 25 ppm 18 mg/mmg/m REL 10 Hour TWA cansensations, Eye Contact: Flush eyes withato large quantities of breathing, water.

Seek medical spray.

Stay upwind when containers are threatened.

Use allowable entering area if containers concentrations Eye Contact: Symptoms Exposure Ammonia cause moderate to severe ey 300 ppm IDLH may include burning coughing, 35 27 15 Minutes STEL 3 Inhalation: Remove fresh air.ofIf exposure not administer 300ppm ppm IDLH ACGIH 8 Hour 25 ppm 18 mg/mmg/m REL33 10 HourTWA TWA Ingestion: Ingestion is not ato likely fortoAmmonia. artificial person respiration.

If route breathing isbreathing, difficult, administer attention immediately. water to knockwhen downcontainers vapour and dilute.

Composition Name: CAS # % by Weight spray.spray Stay upwind are threatened.

Use 3 Exposure liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause STEL Inhalation: Remove fresh air.ofIf exposure not Ingestion: Ingestion is not ato likely for Ammonia. artificial person respiration.

If route breathing isbreathing, difficult, administer spray.

Stay upwind when are threatened.

Use 300ppm ppm IDLH attention immediately. water spray to knock downcontainers vapour and dilute. exposure limits.

Fully protective suits are required in large wheezing, shortness of breath, STEL irritation.

ACGIH 8 Hour TWA 25 18 mg/mmg/m REL 10 Hour TWAheadache and nausea.

3 artificial respiration.

If medical breathing isbreathing, difficult, administer STEL 300 ppm IDLH ACGIH 25 ppm 18 mg/m 8 Hour TWA oxygen. Obtain Ingestion: Ingestion is not prompt ato likely route ofIf attention. exposure for Ammonia.

3 Inhalation: Remove person fresh air. not administer Unusual Fire and Outdoors, Ammonia is not generally a fire hazard. water spray spray to knock knock down vapour vapour and dilute.

3 35Ingestion: ppm 27 mg/m 15 Minutes severe chemical burns and frostbite to the eyes, lungsUnusual and artificial respiration.

If medical breathing isbreathing, difficult, administer oxygen. Obtain water to down and Ingestion: Ingestion is not prompt ato likely route exposure for Ammonia. releases.

Always be aware ofdilute. fire Inhalation: Remove person fresh air.ofIf attention. not ACGIH 25 ppm 18 mg/m 8 Fire and Outdoors, Ammonia is not generally a and fire explosion hazard. potential Toxicity: LD50, (Oral / Rat)Overexposure 350 mg/kg Ingestion isHour not aTWA likely route of exposure Ammonia.

STEL 3 may 300 ppm IDLH also cause central nervous for system NH3 7664-41-7 >99% oxygen.

Obtain prompt attention.

35 ppm 27 15 Minutes STEL Skin Contact: Flush affected area large quantities of water.

Remove ACGIH 25 18 mg/m3 8 Hour TWA artificial respiration.

If medical breathing isbreathing, difficult, administer Inhalation: Remove person to with fresh air. If not Hazards: Indoors, in Ammonia confined isis areas, Ammonia may atofire Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia an and corrosive the Unusual Fire and Outdoors,in notirritant generally a fire firebe hazard.

STEL or skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases couldExplosion be oxygen.

Obtain prompt attention.

Skin Contact: Flush affected area large quantities of water.

Remove Unusual Fire and Outdoors, Ammonia not generally a artificial respiration.

If medical breathing isbreathing, difficult, administer STEL Inhalation: Remove person to with fresh air. If not Explosion Hazards: Indoors, confined areas, Ammonia may be hazard. a fire Ventilation: adequate natural mechanical ventilation to and the case ofis large releases.

Ammonia isHour severely to nose, throat, and lung 35Inhalation: 27 15 Minutes effects including unconsciousness convulsions.

3 ACGIH Provide 25 ppm 18 mg/m 8 TWA irritating Skin Contact: Flush affected area with large quantities water.

Remove 35 ppm 27 mg/m 15 Minutes contaminated clothing immediately.

If of liquid comes in STEL oxygen.

Obtain prompt medical attention. artificial respiration.

If breathing is difficult, administer hazard, especially if oil and other combustible materials 3 Overview: Anhydrous ammonia is an be irritant and corrosive to the Toxicity: skin, eyes, tract mucous membranes.

Explosion Hazards: Hazards: Emergency Indoors, inrespiratory confined areas, Ammonia may be a fire fire LD50, (Oral / Rat) aggravated by administer exposure.

Skin Contact: Flush affected area with large quantities water.

Remove contaminated clothing immediately.

If of liquid comes in Explosion Indoors, in confined areas, Ammonia may a 35 ppm 27350 mg/kg mg/m 15 Minutes oxygen.

Obtain prompt attention. artificial respiration.

If medical breathing is difficult, hazard, especially if oil andand other combustible materials Symptoms may burning coughin Upper airway is include more likely and sensations, can result in Ammonia concentrations below exposure limits.

STEL 3damage 3.

Identification contaminated clothing immediately.

If clothing liquid comes in Section 3.Hazards Hazards Identification Toxicity: maintain LD50, (Oral / Rat) 350 mg/kg STEL 35 ppm 27 mg/m 15 Minutes Skin Contact: Flush affected area withmedical large quantities of water.

Remove contact with skin, remove contaminated and flush ! Section oxygen.

Obtain prompt attention. are present.

Combustion form toxic oxides of membranes. Ventilation: skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous to liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause hazard, especially if oil oil and may other combustible materials 3 Provide adequate natural or mechanical ventilation toheadache Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tract contaminated clothing immediately.

If clothing liquid comes in Section hazard, especially if and other combustible materials STEL Skin Contact: Flush affected area withmedical large quantities of water.

Remove contact with skin, remove contaminated and flush oxygen.

Obtain prompt attention. are present.

Combustion may form toxic oxides of Acute PotentialExposure Health Effects: wheezing, shortness breath, and nausea.

Toxicity: LD50, (Oral / Rat) 350 mg/kg bronchospasm (closing of theof airway).

Vocal chords are Respiratory Protection: Emergency Use 35 ppm 27 mg/m 15 Minutes Section 3.

3. Hazards Hazards Identification Identification contact with skin, remove contaminated clothing and flush Ventilation: Provide adequate natural or mechanical ventilation to Toxicity: LD50, (Oral / Rat) 350 mg/kg STEL contaminated clothing If liquid comes in with plenty of lukewarm water for several minutes.

Seek nitrogen.

Skin Contact: Flush affected area with immediately. large quantities of water.

Remove Exposure to liquid rapidly expanding may cause are present. present.

Combustion may form toxic oxides of gases severe chemical burns and frostbite toor the eyes,oxides lungs and burns.

Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia isnatural an and corrosive toalso the maintain Ammonia concentrations below exposure limits. contact withof skin, remove contaminated and flush are Combustion may form toxic of Toxicity: LD50, (Oralbreathing / Rat) 350irritant mg/kg contaminated clothing If clothing liquid comes in with plenty lukewarm water for several minutes.

Seek nitrogen.

Skin Contact: Flush affected area with immediately. large quantities of water.

Remove Routes of Exposure: Ventilation: Provide adequate or mechanical ventilation to effects particularly vulnerable to corrosive high syste Self-contained apparatus or positive Overexposure may cause nervous STEL EmergencyOverview: Overview: Anhydrous Anhydrous Ammonia ammonia is an Emergency an irritant irritant and and corrosive corrosive toto the the with plenty of lukewarm water for several minutes.

Seek Ventilation: Provide adequate natural or mechanical ventilation to central of maintain Ammonia concentrations below(SCBA) exposure limits.

LD50, (Oral / Rat) 350 mg/kg medical attention immediately.

If relief valves inoperative, heat exposed storage contaminated clothing If clothing liquid comes in fire and explosion hazard when contact with skin, removeimmediately. contaminated and flush nitrogen. severe chemical burns and frostbite to the eyes, and Toxicity: Skin and are respiratory related diseases could besevere skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes.

Respiratory Protection: Emergency Use poses an immediate with plenty of lukewarm water forIt several minutes.

Seek nitrogen.

Emergency Ammonia is irritant and corrosive Provide adequate natural or mechanical ventilation tomay result medical attention immediately.

If relief valves are heat exposed storage Eye Contact: skin.

Exposure toinoperative, Ammonia can cause moderate to eyelungsVentilation: contaminated clothing If clothing liquid comes in concentrations.

Lower airway damage in fluid contact with skin, removeimmediately. contaminated and flush pressure airline full face mask with escape pack should effects including unconsciousness and convulsion maintain Ammonia concentrations below exposure limits.

Toxicity: LD50, (Oralwith / Rat) 350 mg/kg Emergency Overview: Overview: Anhydrous Anhydrous Ammonia tract is an anand irritant andmembranes. corrosive to to the the skin,eyes, eyes,respiratory respiratory mucous medical attention skin, mucous membranes.

Respiratory Protection: Emergency Use Ventilation: Provide adequate natural or mechanical ventilation to maintain Ammonia concentrations below exposure limits.

Emergency aid: Remove patient toimmediately. uncontaminated area with plenty of lukewarm water for several minutes.

Seek containers may become explosion hazards due to over contact with skin, remove contaminated clothing and flush If relief relief valves valves areskin. inoperative, heat exposed related storage diseases could be Skin andheat respiratory aggravated by exposure.

Exposure toEmergency liquid or rapidly gases may cause Self-contained breathing (SCBA) positive concentrations exceed 15%. medical attention If are inoperative, exposed Emergency aid: Remove patient toimmediately. uncontaminated area maintain Ammonia concentrations below exposure limits. skin, eyes, respiratory tract mucous membranes. with plenty of lukewarm water for several minutes.

Seek containers may become explosion hazards due storage to over be worn in areas of expanding aapparatus large release oror unknown irritation.

Upper airway damage is more Respiratory Protection: Use contact with skin, remove contaminated clothing and flush Ventilation: Provide adequate natural or mechanical ventilation to likely and can result buildup and haemorrhage.

Exposure to liquid or or rapidly rapidly expanding skin, eyes,to respiratory tract and and mucous gases membranes.

Emergency Remove patient toimmediately. uncontaminated area Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or positive Exposure liquid expanding gasesmay maycause cause Respiratory Protection: Emergency Use maintain Ammonia concentrations below exposure limits.

Eye aid: Flushplenty with copious amounts of tepid water for a minimum medical attention pressurization. with of lukewarm water for several minutes.

Seek aggravated byskin exposure.

Ammonia can cause eye, and respiratory tract containersIngestion may become explosion hazards due to tofor over pressure airline with full frostbite face mask witheyes, escape pack should Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when severe chemical burns and tobelow the lungs and Emergency Remove patient toimmediately. uncontaminated area Eye aid: Flushplenty with copious amounts of tepid water for a minimum containers may become hazards due over Respiratory Protection: Emergency Use medical attention pressurization.

Ingestion: issevere not explosion a likely route of exposure Ammonia. bronchospasm (closing of the airway). chords a Self-contained apparatus orlimits. positive Exposure to or expanding gases cause with of lukewarm water for several minutes.

Seek Death has occurred following minute exposureVocal to 5000 concentration. maintain Ammonia concentrations exposure severechemical chemical burns to eyes, lungs and Exposure to liquid liquid or rapidly rapidly expanding gases may cause Eye aid: Flush with copious amounts water for aaway minimum pressureEmergency airline breathing with full face mask with(SCBA) escape pack should Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) ora 5positive severe burns and frostbite frostbite to the the eyes,may lungs and Respiratory Protection: Use of 20 minutes.

Eyelids shouldof betepid held apartrelease and from Emergency Remove patient toimmediately. uncontaminated area Runoff from firefighting may can be contaminated; check pH.and respiratory tract medical attention Ammonia cause severe eye,throat, skin pressurization. be Skin worn in respiratory areas aapparatus large release orpack entering area if concentrations exceed allowable skin. and related diseases could be Eye aid: Flush with copious amounts water for aaway minimum of 20 minutes.

Eyelids shouldof betepid held apart and from pressurization.

Self-contained breathing (SCBA) or unknown positive Emergency Remove patient toimmediately. uncontaminated area Runoff from firefighting may be irritating contaminated; check pH. and lungs.

Inhalation: burns.

Ammonia is severely to nose, particularly vulnerable to corrosive effects of hig pressure airline withUse fullof face mask with escape should medical attention ppm. severe chemical and the lungs Eye Safety glasses.

Chemical goggles with full face shield.

Respiratory Protection: Emergency skin. Skin Skin and burns respiratory related be of 20 minutes.

Eyelids shouldSeek betepid held apartattention. and away from severe chemical burns and frostbite frostbite todiseases the eyes, eyes,could lungs and be worn in areas of a large release or unknown pressure airline with full face mask with escape pack should Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or positive skin. and respiratory relatedto diseases could and be Ammonia can form explosive compounds when Eye aid: Flush with copious amounts of water for a minimum eyeball for thorough rinsing. medical Emergency Remove patient to uncontaminated area burns.

Runoff from firefighting may be contaminated; check pH. coughing, It poses ancan immediate fire andcontaminated; explosion hazard when exposure limits.

Fullyfrom protective suits are required in large exposure. concentration. of 20 minutes.

Eyelids shouldSeek betepid held apartattention. and Runoff from firefighting may be check pH. pressure airline with Vapour fullofface mask escape should Ammonia formmay explosive compounds when Symptoms include burning sensations, concentrations.

Lower airway damage may result in flu Eye aid: Flush with copious amounts of water for aaway minimum be wornby in areas aapparatus large with release orpack unknown eyeball for thorough rinsing. medical Skin Contact: may cause and bums.

Contact Emergency Remove patient to uncontaminated area Protection: aggravated Self-contained breathing (SCBA) orirritation positive skin.

Skin and respiratory aggravated by exposure. skin.

Skin by and respiratory related related diseases diseases could could be be be wornairline in areas a contact large with release unknown eyeball for thorough rinsing. medical concentration. pressure with fullofface mask escapeorpack should aggravated exposure. combined with mercury. of 20 minutes.

Eyelids shouldSeek betepid held apartattention. and Skin Eye Flush with copious amounts of water for aaway minimum Ammonia wheezing, canexceed form explosive compounds when Itshortness poses anofimmediate fire andand explosion concentrations 15%. releases.

Always be from aware of fire and explosion potential Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tract Eye Safety glasses. goggles with full face shield.

Ammonia can form explosive compounds when be worn in Chemical areas offace a buildup large release orpack unknown eyeball for thorough rinsing. medical combined with mercury. breath, headache nausea. hazard when of 20 minutes.

Eyelids shouldSeek betepid held apartattention. and away from Skin with liquid may cause freezing ofshould the tissue accompanied Eye Flush with copious amounts of water for minimum Skin Rubber orairline Neoprene gloves and chemical resistant outer and haemorrhage. concentration. pressure with full mask with escape aggravated by exposure.

Ammonia can can cause severe severe eye, Skin Flush with copious amounts of water for a aaway minimum Eye Safety glasses.

Chemical goggles with full face shield. aggravated by cause exposure. be worn in areas of a large release or unknown concentration.

20minutes. minutes while removing contaminated clothing, Ammonia eye, skin skin and and respiratory respiratorytract tract of 20 Eyelids should betepid held apart and from Hazardous Oxides of nitrogen. eyeball for thorough rinsing.

Seek medical attention. combined with mercury. concentrations exceed Wear breathing apparatus (SCBA) nervous when system Protection: burns. inmedical the case of large releases. combined with mercury.

Skin Flush with copious amounts of water for aaway minimum concentration.

20minutes. minutes while removing contaminated clothing, of Eyelids should betepid held apart and from Hazardous Oxidesself-contained of Overexposure nitrogen.

Protection: garment should be worn.

Total encapsulating chemical suita 5 minute exposure to 500 may also cause15%. central has occurred following Eye Safety glasses. goggles with full face shield. be worn in Chemical areas a Death large release or unknown eyeball for thorough rinsing.

Seek attention. byof corrosive caustic and dehydration.

Ammonia can cause cause severe severe eye, eye, skin skin and and respiratory respiratory tract tract burns. of 20 20 with minutes while contaminated clothing, Protection: Eye Safety glasses.

Chemical goggles with full action face shield. concentration.

Ammonia can jewellery, Doamounts notremoving rub or ointment affected Combustion burns.

Skin Flush copious of apply tepid water for on a minimum eyeball forshoes. thorough rinsing.

Seek medical attention.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when entering area if concentrations exceed allowable Hazardous Products: Oxides of ofrelease nitrogen.

Skin Rubber or immediate Neoprene gloves and chemical It may poses an and explosion when outer of 20 with minutes while contaminated clothing, Hazardous Oxides nitrogen.

Eye Safety Chemical goggles with full hazard face shield. jewellery, Doamounts notremoving rub or ointment affected Combustion Products: effects including unconsciousness and convulsions. ppm.

Protection: Skin Flush copious of apply tepid water for on a minimum eyeball forshoes. thorough rinsing.

Seek medical attention. beglasses. necessary in fire large release area.

Fireresistant resistant suit concentration. burns. poses an an immediate immediate fire fire and jewellery, shoes.

Doamounts not rub or apply ointment on affected Skin Rubber or Neoprene gloves and chemical resistant outer Protection: Eye Safety glasses.

Chemical goggles with full face shield. burns. area.

Clothing may initially freeze to skin.

Thaw frozen ! of 20 minutes while removing contaminated clothing, ItIt poses and explosion explosion hazard hazard when when Skin Flush with copious of tepid water for a minimum entering release concentrations exceedinallowable exposure limits. protective suits are if required in large Products: Protection: Potential garment should be worn.

Total encapsulating chemical suit Acute Potential Health Effects: concentrations exceed 15%. jewellery, shoes.

Doamounts not rub or apply ointment on affected Combustion Protection: area. may initially freeze towater skin.forThaw frozen !Combustion Products: Upper Fully airway damage is area more likely and can result Skin Contact: Vapour contact may cause irritation and bums. Conta Skin Rubber or Neoprene and chemical outer of 20 Clothing minutes while removing contaminated clothing, Health Effects of gloves Repeated Exposure: Skin Flush with copious of tepid a minimum and gloves in emergency situations.

Eye Safety glasses.

Chemical goggles with full faceresistant shield.

Itconcentrations poses an an immediate immediate fire and and explosion explosion hazard hazard when when exceed 15%.

15%. garment should be worn.

Total encapsulating chemical suit area.

Clothing may initially freeze toointment skin.

Thaw frozen Skin Rubber or Neoprene gloves and chemical resistant outer Protection: It poses fire jewellery, shoes.

Do not rub or apply on affected clothing from skin before removing.

For liquid Ammonia of 20 minutes while removing contaminated clothing, concentrations exceed exposure limits.

Fully protective suits are required in large releases. Always be aware(closing of fire and explosion Routes of Exposure: Wear apparatus (SCBA) when mayself-contained necessary in large release area.

Fire resistant suit of the tissue accompanie area. may initially freeze toointment skin.

Thaw frozen !!

Skin Rubber or Neoprene gloves and chemical resistant outer bronchospasm of the airway).potential Vocal chords are with liquid may cause freezing garment should bebreathing worn.

Total encapsulating chemical suit Routes ofbeEntry: Inhalation, eye or skin contact jewellery, shoes.

Do not rubremoving. or apply onAmmonia affected clothing from skin before For liquid Respiratory Respiratory protection approved by NIOSH for Ammonia must of 20 Clothing minutes while removing contaminated clothing, Protection: concentrations exceedbreathing 15%.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when Protection: garment should be worn.

Total encapsulating chemical suit may be necessary in large release area.

Fire resistant clothing from skin before removing.

For liquid Ammonia Skin Rubber or Neoprene gloves and chemical resistant outer concentrations exceed 15%. area.

Clothing may initially freeze to skin.

Thaw frozen contact, seek immediate medical attention.

For severe jewellery, shoes.

Do not rub or apply ointment on affected releases.

Always be aware of fire and explosion potential Wear self-contained apparatus (SCBA) when in the caseparticularly of large releases.

Eye skin Contact: Exposure to Thaw Ammonia can cause moderate to severeSection eye entering release area ifworn. concentrations exceed allowable andused gloves in emergency situations.

Protection: Symptoms: garment should be in Total encapsulating chemical suit dehydration.

6. Accidental Release Measures clothing from removing.

For liquid vulnerable to corrosive effects of high Repeated or prolonged skin exposure may cause area.

Clothing may initially freeze toointment skin. frozen contact, seek immediate attention.

For severe Protection: be when applicable safety and health exposure limits by corrosive caustic action and may be necessary large release area.

Fire resistant jewellery, shoes.

Dobefore not rubmedical or apply onAmmonia affected Skin Rubber Neoprene gloves and chemical entering release area breathing if concentrations exceed allowable Wear self-contained apparatus (SCBA) when and gloves in emergency situations.

Protection: garment should be in worn.

Total encapsulating chemical suit contact, seek immediate medical attention.

For severe may be or necessary large release area. Fireresistant resistantouter vapour contact or before if irritation persists, seek medical Wear self-contained apparatus (SCBA) when area.

Clothing may initially freeze toFor skin.

Thaw frozen clothing from skin removing. liquid Ammonia entering release area breathing if concentrations exceed allowable in the case of large releases.

Fully protective suits required in large Respiratory exposure Respiratory protection approved byare NIOSH for Ammonia must irritation. contact, seek immediate medical attention.

For severe concentrations.

Lower airway damage may result in fluid may belimits. necessary in large area.

Fire resistant vapourClothing contact or before if irritation persists, seek medical are exceeded.

For inrelease emergencies, NIOSH approved and gloves in emergency situations.

Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia Protection: garment should beescape worn.

Total encapsulating chemical suit area. may initially freeze to skin.

Thaw frozen is an irritant and corrosive to the dermatitis. clothing from skin removing.

For liquid Ammonia exposurerelease limits. Fully suits are exceed requiredallowable in large entering release area protective if concentrations concentrations exceed allowable Respiratory Respiratory protection approved by NIOSH for Ammonia must vapour contact or if irritation persists, seek medical and gloves in emergency situations. may be necessary in large release area.

Fire resistant suit attention. entering area if contact, seek immediate medical attention.

For severe clothing from skin before removing.

For liquid Ammonia exposure limits. Fully protective suits are required in large releases.

Always be aware of fire and explosion potential Protection: Target be used when applicable safety and health exposure limits Ingestion: Ingestion isseek not a medical likely route of and exposure formembranes.

Ammonia.Acute Potential Health Effects: vapour or before if irritation persists, and gloves in emergency situations. attention.contact respiratory protection that consists of a full-face gas mask buildup and breathing haemorrhage.

Potential Health Effects of Repeated Exposure: Respiratory Respiratory protection approved by NIOSH for Ammonia must skin, eyes, respiratory tract mucous Organs: skin, central nervous and respiratory contact, seek immediate medical attention.

For severe may be necessary inEyes, large release area.

Fire resistant suit systems. clothing from skin removing.

For liquid Ammonia releases. limits.

Always be aware of firesuits and are explosion potential Steps to be Taken if Wear self-contained apparatus (SCBA) when Protection: be used when applicable safety and health exposure limits attention.contact Respiratory Respiratory protection approved by NIOSH for Ammonia must exposure protective required in and gloves in emergency situations.

Inhalation Exposure may result severe irritation and /severely or burns of vapour or ifin irritation persists, seek medical contact, seek immediate medical attention.

For severe Acute Potential Death Health Effects: Routes exposure limits. Fully Fully protective suits requiredpotential in large large releases. Always be aware of fire andare explosion are case exceeded.

For escape in Ammonia emergencies, NIOSH approved Inhalation: Ammonia is irritating to expanding nose, throat, andmay lungs. in the of large releases.

Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia is anexposure irritant and corrosive attention.

Respiratory Respiratory protection approved by NIOSH for Ammonia must occurred following a 5 minute exposure to 5000 Routes of Entry: Inhalation, eye or skin contact Inhalation Exposurecontact may result severe irritation and / For or of rapidly Protection: Medical be used when applicable safety and health exposure limits Exposure to burns liquid or gases cause ofisExposure: Conditions Conditions generally aggravated by include and canisters approved for or SCBA should be vapour or ifin irritation persists, seek medical and gloves in emergency situations. contact, seek immediate medical attention. severe Material Released entering releasehas area if concentrations exceed allowable in the case of large releases. are exceeded.

For escape in emergencies, NIOSH approved Inhalation Exposure may result in severe irritation and / or burns of Protection: be used when applicable safety and health exposure limits Respiratory Respiratory protection approved by NIOSH for Ammonia must releases.

Always be aware of fire and explosion potential attention. the nose, throat and respiratory tract.

It may cause vapour contact or if irritation persists, seek medical Routes of Exposure: Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye releases. bereleases. aware of fire and explosion potential respiratory protection thatsafety consists ofhealth a or full-face gas mask Symptoms may include sensations, coughing, in the caseAlways of large skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes Inhalation Exposure may result severe irritation andItseek / may or burns of burning Protection: Aggravated be used when applicable and exposure limits Symptoms: Repeated prolonged skin exposure may caus are exceeded.

For in emergencies, NIOSH approved by escape asthma, chronic respiratory disease (e.g., emphysema), used. attention. severe chemical burns and frostbite to the eyes, lungs and the nose, throat respiratory tract. cause Respiratory Respiratory protection approved by NIOSH for Ammonia must vapour contact orand ifin irritation persists, medical or Spilled: exposure ppm. limits. Fully protective suits are required in respiratory protection thatsafety consists ofhealth a full-face gas mask are exceeded.

For escape in emergencies, NIOSH approved Protection: be used when applicable and exposure limits the nose, throat and respiratory tract.

It may cause in the case of large releases.

Inhalation Exposure may result in severe irritation and / or burns of bronchospasm, pulmonary edema or respiratory arrest.

Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye attention. in the case of large releases. wheezing, shortness of breath, headache nausea.could be Acute Potential Health Effects: andused canisters approved Ammonia SCBA should be expanding gases may Exposure toexposure liquid or limits rapidly are exceeded.

For in emergencies, NIOSH approved Skin Contact:irritation.

Vapour contact may cause irritation and bums. Contact respiratory protection thatfor consists ofSafety aorfull-face gas mask the nose, may throat and respiratory It cause Overexposure: dermatitis and eye disease.

Other Safety shoes are escape recommended. showers and dermatitis. skin.and Skin and respiratory related and diseases Inhalation Exposure result in severe irritation / may orarrest. burns of Protection: be when applicable safety and health bronchospasm, pulmonary edema or tract. respiratory attention.

Acute Potential Health Effects: large releases. respiratory protection that consists of a full-face gas mask and canisters approved for Ammonia or SCBA should be are exceeded.

For escape in emergencies, NIOSH approved bronchospasm, pulmonary edema or tract. respiratory arrest.

Extreme exposure may result in death from spasm, Inhalation Exposure may result in severe irritation and / or burns of the nose, throat and respiratory It may cause irritation.

Ingestion: Ingestion is notliquid a likely route of exposure forthe Ammonia.

Routes of Exposure: used.

Overexposure may also Acute Potential Health Effects: respiratory protection thatfor consists of aor full-face gas mask severe chemical burns frostbite to systems. the eyes, lung with freezing of tissue accompanied bronchospasm, pulmonary edema or tract. respiratory Protective eyewash fountains should be readily available.

Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous and and canisters approved Ammonia SCBA should be respiratory aggravated by exposure. are exceeded.

For escape in emergencies, NIOSH approved Extreme may result in death spasm, Inhalation Exposure may result in severe irritation andItfrom / may orarrest. burns of cause central nervous system the nose,exposure throat and respiratory cause Routes of Exposure: Always be aware of may fire cause and explosion potential in the used. respiratory protection thatfor consists of aor full-face gas mask and canisters approved Ammonia SCBA should be Extreme may result in death spasm, Acute Potential Health inflammation or pulmonary edema.

Brief inhalation exposure to 5000 bronchospasm, edema or tract. respiratory arrest.

Ingestion: Ingestion is not a likely routeand of exposure Ammonia. the nose,exposure throat and respiratory Itfrom may cause Ammonia by is severely irritating to nose, throat, lungs. for Acute Potential Health Effects: Effects: Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye Other Safety shoes are recommended. showers and effects including unconsciousness and Routes of Exposure: Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia an irritant and corrosive the skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases cou and canisters approved forconsists Ammonia or SCBA should be Extreme mayrespiratory result in death spasm, Equipment: Medical Conditions Conditions generally aggravated by to exposure includ used.

Ammonia can cause and convulsions. respiratoryInhalation: tract respiratory protection that ofSafety ais full-face gas mask inflammation or pulmonary edema.

Brief inhalation exposure to 5000severe eye, skin bronchospasm, edema or tract. respiratory arrest. the nose,exposure throat and Itfrom may cause Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye case of largecorrosive releases.caustic action and dehydration.

Other Safety shoes are recommended.

Safety showers and used. inflammation or edema.

Brief inhalation exposure to 5000 and canisters approved for Ammonia or SCBA should be ppm may be fatal.

Routes of Exposure: Extreme exposure may result in death from spasm, Inhalation: Ammonia is severely irritating to nose, throat, and lungs.

Symptoms may include burning sensations, coughing, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema or respiratory arrest.

Protective irritation. eyewash fountains should be respiratory readily available.

Upper airway damage Routes of Exposure: skin, eyes, tract and mucous membranes. aggravated by exposure.

Eye Contact: to Ammonia moderate to severe used. inflammation or pulmonary edema. inhalation exposure to 5000is more likely and can result in Emergency Overview: Exposure Anhydrous ammonia can is ancause irritant and corrosive to eye the Aggravated by asthma, chronic respiratory Other Safety shoes are recommended.

Safety showers burns. ppm may be fatal.

Workplace Protective equipment should be stored near, but outside ofdisease (e.g., emphysema and canisters approved for Ammonia or SCBA shouldand be Extreme exposure mayBrief result in death from spasm, bronchospasm, edema or respiratory arrest.

Evacuate immediate area. Eliminate any possible irritation.

Protective eyewash fountains be readily available.

Other Safety shoes areshould recommended.

Safety showers and ppm may be fatal. used.

Ingestion If conscious, give large amounts of water to drink.

May Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye inflammation or edema.

Brief inhalation exposure to 5000 Symptoms may include burning sensations, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.

Extreme exposure may result in death from spasm, Equipment: Ingestion bronchospasm (closing Vocal chords Ingestion: Protective isshoes not a likely route exposure for Ammonia.

Eye Contact: Exposure to respiratory Ammonia can moderate to severe eye Exposure to liquid orSafety rapidly expanding gases may cause Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and respirator Other Safety are recommended. showers and ppm may be fatal. skin, eyes, tractcause and mucous membranes. irritation.

Effects of Overexposure: dermatitis and eye disease.

Protective eyewash fountains should beWater readily available.

Ingestion If conscious, give large amounts to drink.

Mayof the anhydrous Ammonia area.of for first aid, such as an Itwater poses an immediate fireairway). and explosion hazardare when Potential Healthsources used. inflammation or edema. inhalation exposure to 5000 Extreme exposure mayBrief result inof death from spasm, ofRepeated ignition, Exposure: and provide maximum explosionIngestion: Ingestion is not a likely route of exposure for Ammonia.

Equipment: Protective eyewashshoes fountains be readily available.

Safety areshould recommended.

Safety showers and Ingestion If conscious, give large amounts of water to drink.

May shortness breath, headache nausea. Other ppm may be fatal. irritation. drink orange juice, citrus juice or diluted vinegar (1:4) to to corrosive effects of high inflammation or edema.

Brief inhalation exposure to 5000 Overexposure maywheezing, also cause centralofnervous system and particularly Inhalation: isshoes severely irritating toreadily nose, throat, and lungs.

Workplace Ammonia Protective equipment should be stored near, but outside ofeyes, lungs and irritation. burns.

Protective eyewash fountains should be available.

Exposure liquid orirritating rapidly gases maylungs. cause severe chemical burns andbe frostbite to the Ingestion If conscious, give large amounts of water tovulnerable drink.

May Routes of Entry: Inhalation, eye or contact Equipment: Ingestion: Ingestion isisto not a likely route ofexpanding exposure for Ammonia.

Equipment: eyewash station and safety shower, should kept available concentrations exceed Other Safety are recommended.

Safety showers and ppm may be fatal. drink orange juice, citrus juice or diluted vinegar (1:4) to 15%. inflammation or edema.

Brief inhalation exposure to 5000 Inhalation: Ammonia severely to nose, throat, and proof ventilation.

Shut offskin source of leak if possible.

Equipment: Workplace Protective equipment should be stored near, but outside of Protective eyewash fountains should be readily available. drink orange juice, citrus juice or diluted vinegar (1:4) to Ingestion If conscious, give large amounts of water to drink.

May counteract Ammonia.

If unconscious, do not give anything Ingestion: Ingestion is not a likely route of exposure for Ammonia. ppm may be fatal.

Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia is an irritant and corrosive to the Overexposure may also cause central nervous system effects including unconsciousness and convulsions. concentrations.

Lower airway damage may result in fluid may include burning sensations, coughing, Protective Symptoms anhydrous Ammonia area. first aid, such as an Equipment: Ingestion: Ingestion is a likely route of to exposure for Ammonia. skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases be Itfor poses an immediate fire andcould explosion hazard or be prolonged may cause severe chemical burns and frostbite to the eyes, lungs and Inhalation: Ammonia is not severely irritating nose, throat, and lungs. drink orange juice,large citrus juice or diluted vinegar (1:4) to in the immediate vicinity according to 29 CFR 1910.111 Workplace Protective equipment should be stored near, but outside of Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when Symptoms: Protective eyewash fountains should beWater readily available.

Ingestion If conscious, give amounts of water to drink.

May counteract If unconscious, do not give anything ppm may beAmmonia. fatal.

Symptoms may include burning sensations, coughing, AmmoniaRepeated vapours can controlledskin with exposure water spray, Protective anhydrous Ammonia area.

Water for first aid, as for an Equipment: Workplace Protective equipment should be stored near, butsuch outside of counteract Ammonia.

IfINDUCE unconscious, do not give anything by mouth.

DO NOT Seek medical eyes, respiratory tract Ingestion If conscious, give large amounts of water to drink.

May effects including Inhalation: Ammonia is severely irritating related to nose, throat, and lungs.

Upper airway damage is more likely unconsciousness and can result in and convulsions. drink orange juice, citrus juice VOMITING! or diluted vinegar (1:4) to if concentrations exceed allowable of breath, headache and nausea.

Equipment: wheezing, eyewashshortness station and safety shower, should be kept available buildup and haemorrhage. aggravated by concentrations exceed Inhalation: Ammonia isshortness severely to skin, nose, throat, and lungs.

Workplace Protective equipment should be exposure. stored near, but outside of skin. Skin and include respiratory diseases could be and mucous membranes. workplace requirements.

Protective anhydrous Ammonia area.

Water for first aid, such as15%. an counteract Ammonia.

IfINDUCE unconscious, do not give anything entering release area Equipment: byconscious, mouth.

DO NOT Seek medical Symptoms may burning sensations, coughing, Ingestion If give large amounts of water to drink.

May drink orange juice, citrus juice VOMITING! or diluted vinegar (1:4) to wheezing, ofirritating breath, headache and nausea. however; dermatitis. runoff may be contaminated. Releases that Equipment: eyewash station and safety shower, should be kept available Protective anhydrous Ammonia area.

Water for first aid, such as an Workplace Protective equipment should be stored near, but outside of by mouth.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING! Seek medical attention.

Exposure to liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause Upper airway damage is more likely and can result in bronchospasm (closing of the airway).

Vocal chords are counteract Ammonia.

If unconscious, do not give anything drink orangeDOjuice, citrus juice or diluted vinegar (1:4) to Symptoms may include burning sensations, coughing, in the Aimmediate vicinity according tonervous 29 CFR 1910.111 for Death occurred following a 5 minute exposure to 5000 may and also cause central system Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and tract (SCBA) Wear self-contained breathing apparatus Protective anhydrous Ammonia area.

Water for first aid, such as an aggravated by may exposure.

Eyes, nervous and respiratory systems.

Equipment: Overexposure eyewash station shower, should be kept available exposure limits.

Fully by mouth.

NOTcitrus Seek medical Symptoms may include burning sensations, coughing, Hazardous Level or Level B safety ensemble including positive-pressure attention.

Workplace Protective equipment should be stored near, but outside ofrespiratory wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea. counteract Ammonia.

IfINDUCE unconscious, dohas not give anything drink orange juice, juice VOMITING! or diluted vinegar (1:4) to protective suits are required in large Target Organs: exceed 100 lbs skin, (45.4central kgs) during a 24-hour period must Overexposure also cause central nervous system in the immediate vicinity according to first 29 CFR 1910.111 Equipment: eyewash station and safety shower, should be kept available anhydrous Ammonia area.

Water for aid, such as for an attention. to Physician: Bronchospasm may IfINDUCE be treated with the use of a bronchospasm (closing of by theof airway). chordsProtective are particularly vulnerable to corrosive effects high Vocal mouth. Ammonia.

DO NOT VOMITING! Seek medical severe chemical burns and frostbiteNote to the eyes, lungs and by counteract unconscious, do not give anything workplace requirements. wheezing, shortness ofsevere breath, headache and nausea. ppm. unconsciousness and convulsions. burns. release area concentrations exceed allo Equipment: eyewash station and safety shower, should be available Ammonia can may causeunconsciousness eye, skin and respiratory tract Conditions Conditions generally aggravated exposure include in the including immediate vicinity according to first 29 CFR 1910.111 releases.

Always beaaware of fire and explosion potential Medical attention.

Release SCBA should be used. wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.

Note to Physician: Bronchospasm may is be with the use Protective anhydrous Ammonia area.

Water for aid,kept such asif for an Emergency Overview:effects Anhydrous ammonia is an irritantentering and corrosive to the by mouth. Ammonia.

DO NOT VOMITING! Seek medical Overexposure also cause central nervous system counteract IfINDUCE unconscious, do corrosive not give anything Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia an treated irritant and to of the be reported.

(See Section 15). effects including and convulsions. workplace requirements. in the immediate vicinity according to 29 CFR 1910.111 for Equipment: eyewash station and safety shower, should be kept available Note to Physician: Bronchospasm may be treated with the use of a particularly vulnerable to corrosive effects of high concentrations.

Lower airway damage may result in fluid attention. bronchodilator such as Albuterol and an anticholinergic skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases could be by mouth.Skin DOContact: NOT INDUCE VOMITING! Seek medical Vapour irritation and bums. Contact Overexposure may unconsciousness also cause cause central centraland nervous system airway damage isensemble more and can result in protective Hazardous Upper Level A orrequirements.

Level including positive-pressure exposure limits.

Fully suitswhen are required in in the immediate vicinity according to 29 CFR 1910.111 for hazard burns.airway ItBposes anlikely immediate fire and explosion Aggravated by asthma, chronic respiratory disease emphysema), workplace Note to Physician: Bronchospasm may as beAlbuterol treated with the use ofcause a Response in the case ofmay large releases.

Equipment: eyewash station and shower, should be kept available Overexposure may also nervous system skin, respiratory tract and mucous membranes. attention. bronchodilator and ancontact anticholinergic skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes. by mouth.

DO such NOT INDUCE VOMITING! Seek medical effects including convulsions.

CAUTION: ADDING WATER DIRECTLY TO (e.g., LIQUID Upper damage is more likely and can result in workplace Level A orrequirements.

Level B safety ensemble including positive-pressure in theeyes, immediate vicinity according to 29 CFR 1910.111 for bronchodilator and an the anticholinergic concentrations.

Lower airway damage may result in Hazardous fluid aggravated by exposure.

Note to Physician: Bronchospasm may asbeAlbuterol treated with of freezing a inhalant such assuch Atrovent. attention. and haemorrhage. with liquid mayuse cause of the tissue accompanied bronchospasm (closing of the airway).

Vocal chords are Release SCBA be for used. effects including unconsciousness and can convulsions. releases.

Always be aware workplace requirements. concentrations exceed 15%.

Overexposure:buildup dermatitis and eye disease.

It poses an damage immediate explosion when OSHA 29 CFR 1910.133 eye protection requirement Hazardous Level A or Level B ensemble including positive-pressure in the should immediate vicinity according to 29 CFR 1910.111 for of fire and explosion po bronchodilator asbeAlbuterol and an the anticholinergic Exposure to liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause effects including unconsciousness and convulsions.

Note to Physician: Bronchospasm may treated with use of a inhalant such assuch Atrovent.

Exposure to liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause attention.

Upper airway isoffire more likely result bronchospasm (closing theand airway).

Vocalhazard chords arein SPILLS WILL INCREASE VOLATILIZATION OF AMMONIA, Release SCBA should be used. workplace requirements.

Hazardous Level A or Level B ensemble including positive-pressure inhalant such as Atrovent.

Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tract Respiratory injury may appear as a delayed phenomenon. buildup and haemorrhage.

Death has occurred following a 5 minute exposure to 5000 Note to Physician: Bronchospasm may be treated with the use of a bronchodilator such as Albuterol and an anticholinergic vulnerable to corrosive effects high Response particularly corrosive caustic action and dehydration.

Upper airwayvulnerable damage is more likely and and can result in Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when into the case ofoflarge releases.

Hazardous Level Achemical or Level B ensemble including positive-pressure concentrations exceed is 15%.

References 29 CFRshould 1910.134 respiratory protection requirement Release SCBA be for used.

Acute Potential Health workplace requirements. inhalant such assuch Atrovent.

Respiratory injury may appear asby aEffects: delayed phenomenon.

Upper airway damage likely can result in severe and frostbite the eyes, lungs and Note to Physician: Bronchospasm may be treated with the use of bronchodilator as Albuterol aneyes, anticholinergic severe chemical burns and frostbite to the lungs anda bronchospasm (closing of the airway).

Vocal chords are particularly tomore corrosive effects of high THUS INCREASING THE POSSIBLITY OF EXPOSURE. Response Release SCBA should be burns used.

Hazardous Level A1910.133 or Level Beye ensemble including positive-pressure Respiratory injury may appear as aand delayed phenomenon. burns. Vocal Pulmonary edema may follow chemical bronchitis.

Death has occurred following a 5 minute exposure to for 5000 ppm. inhalant such assuch Atrovent. bronchodilator Albuterol an anticholinergic concentrations.

Lower airway damage may in fluid befor OSHA 29 CFR for protection requirement bronchospasm (closing of the thedamage airway). chords are entering release area ifresult concentrations exceed allowable Release SCBA should be used.

Wear self-contained apparatus (SCBA) PPE 29 CFRSkin 1910.111 for respiratory protection requirements Response Routes ofas Exposure: Respiratory injury may appear as aand delayed phenomenon.

Hazardous Level A1910.133 or and Level Beye ensemble including positive-pressure Pulmonary edema may follow chemical bronchitis. skin. respiratory related diseases could bronchospasm (closing of airway).

Vocal chords are inhalant such assuch Atrovent. skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases could be bronchodilator as Albuterol and an anticholinergic concentrations.

Lower breathing airway may result in when fluid All responders must be adequately protected from particularly vulnerable to corrosive effects of high OSHA 29 CFR for protection requirement Response Release SCBA should be used.

Pulmonary edema may follow chemical bronchitis. ppm.

Supportive treatment with necessary ventilation actions, Skin Contact: Vapour contact may cause irritation and bums.

Contact It poses an immediate fire and explosion hazard when Respiratory injury may appear asofaRepeated delayed phenomenon. inhalant such as References buildup 29 CFR 1910.134 for respiratory protection requirement Potential Health Effects Exposure: and haemorrhage. exposure limits.

Fully protective suits are required in large Acute Potential Health Effects: Response particularly vulnerable corrosive effects of high entering release area if to concentrations exceed allowable OSHA 29 CFR 1910.133 for eye protection requirement EyeAtrovent.

Contact: Exposure to Ammonia Pulmonary edema follow chemical bronchitis. bulk installations Release SCBA should used.

Supportive treatment with necessary ventilation actions, can cause moderate to severe eye aggravated bybe exposure.

Respiratory injury maymay appear as a delayed phenomenon. aggravated by exposure. inhalant such as Atrovent. exposure. particularly vulnerable to corrosive effects ofin fluid high buildup and haemorrhage.

References 1910.134 respiratory protection requirement concentrations.

Lower airway damage may result OSHA 29 CFR 1910.133 for eye protection requirement Response Supportive treatment with necessary ventilation Skinwith Contact: Vapour contact may cause irritation and bums. Contact liquid may cause freezing of the tissue accompanied concentrations exceed 15%.

Pulmonary edema may follow chemical bronchitis. including oxygen, warrant consideration.

Respiratory injury may appear asInhalation, a delayed phenomenon. for PPE 29 CFR 1910.111 for respiratory protection requirements for Routes ofmay Entry: eye or actions, skin contact Death has 1910.133 occurred following aAlways 5 minute exposure releases. beand aware of to fire5000 and explosion potential Routes of Exposure: OSHA 29 CFR for eye protection requirement exposure limits.Lower Fully protective are required in large References respiratory protection requirement concentrations. airway may result in fluid Supportive treatment with necessary ventilation actions, irritation.

Response Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin respiratory tract Ammonia cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tract Pulmonary edema may follow chemical bronchitis. including can oxygen, may warrant consideration.

Respiratory injury may appear as a delayed phenomenon.

Death has following 5 suits minute exposure concentrations.

Lower airwayadamage damage may resultto in5000 fluid for PPE CFR 1910.134 1910.111 foreye respiratory protection requirements for References 1910.134 respiratory protection requirement buildup andoccurred haemorrhage.

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.133 for protection requirement including oxygen, may warrant consideration. with liquid may cause freezing of the tissue accompanied Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when Supportive treatment with necessary ventilation actions, by corrosive caustic action and dehydration. !

Pulmonary edema may followRepeated chemical orisbronchitis. prolonged skin ofexposure may cause ppm. bulk installations Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can References 1910.134 requirement releases.

Always be aware of fire and explosion potential in respiratory the case of protection large releases. for PPE CFR 1910.111 for respiratory protection requirements for cause moderate to seve buildup and haemorrhage.

Ingestion: Ingestion not a likely route exposure for Ammonia.

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.133 protection requirement burns. includingSymptoms: oxygen, maymay warrant consideration. burns.

Supportive treatment with necessary ventilation actions, !

Pulmonary edema follow chemical bronchitis. ppm.

The atmosphere must have at least 19.5% oxygen before buildup andoccurred haemorrhage. for PPE CFR 1910.111for foreye respiratory protection requirements for bulk installations References 29 CFR 1910.134 for respiratory protection requirement Death has following a 5 minute exposure to 5000 ! entering release area if concentrations exceed allowable by corrosive caustic action and dehydration.

Supportive treatment necessary ventilation actions, irritating to nose, throat, and lungs. including oxygen, may with warrant consideration.

Skin Contact: Vapour contact may cause irritation and bums.

Contact dermatitis. for PPE CFR 1910.111 for respiratory protection requirements irritation. in thehas case of large releases. bulk installations Inhalation: Ammonia is severely References 29 1910.134 for protection requirement Death occurred a to !

It CFR poses an immediate fire and explosion hazard when for Supportive treatment ventilation actions, It poses an immediate fire necessary and explosion hazard when including oxygen, may with warrant consideration.

Skin Contact: Vapour contact mayfollowing cause irritation andexposure bums. Contact personnel can be allowed in the area without selfDeath has occurred following a5 5 minute minute exposure to 5000 5000 for PPE 29 CFR 1910.111 forrespiratory respiratory protection requirements for bulk installations ppm. exposure limits. Fully protective suits Potential Health Effects of Repeated Exposure: ! are required in large includingTarget oxygen, may warrant consideration. with liquid may cause tissue accompanied Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous andburning respiratory systems. coughing, Potential Health Effects: Ingestion: Ingestion is not a likely route bulk installations Symptoms may include sensations, for PPE Acute 29 CFR 1910.111 forfreezing respiratory protection requirements for of exposure for Ammon ppm. concentrations exceed 15%. of the concentrations exceed ! with liquid may cause freezing of the tissue accompanied contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). including oxygen, may15%. warrant consideration. ppm. bulk installations Skin Contact: Vapour contact may cause irritation and Always bums.

Contact releases. be aware of fire and explosion potential Potential Health Effects of Repeated Exposure: Routes of Entry: Inhalation, eye or skin contact !

Medical Conditions Conditions generally aggravated by exposure include by bulk corrosive caustic action and dehydration.

Routes of Exposure: Inhalation: Ammonia is severely irritating to nose, throat, and Acute Potential Health Effects: wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea. installations Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when Skin Contact: Vapour contact may cause irritation and bums.

Contact Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when ! ! by corrosive caustic and dehydration.

Skin Contact: Vapour contact mayaction cause irritation and bums.

Contact with liquid may cause freezing of in the tissue accompanied Routes of Entry: Inhalation, eye or skin contact Symptoms: Repeated or prolonged skin exposure may cause the case of large releases.

Aggravated by asthma, chronic respiratory (e.g., emphysema), Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderateburning to severe eye Symptoms may include sensations, cou Routes of Exposure: with liquid may cause freezing of the tissue accompanied Overexposure may also disease cause central nervous system entering release area if concentrations exceed allowable entering release area if concentrations exceed allowable with liquid may cause freezing the tissue accompanied by corrosive caustic action and of dehydration.

4 nausea Symptoms: Repeated or prolonged skin exposure may cause dermatitis.

Overexposure: dermatitis and eye disease.

Potential Health Effects of Repeated wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and Eye Contact: to Ammonia canand cause moderate to severe eye irritation. including exposureExposure: limits. Fully protective suits are required in large exposure limits. Fully protective suits effects are required in largeunconsciousness and convulsions. corrosive caustic action Potential Health Effects by ofExposure Repeated Exposure: by corrosive caustic action and dehydration. dehydration.

Acute Potential Health Effects: dermatitis.

Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous and respiratory systems.

Routes of Entry: Inhalation, or skin contact Ingestion: Ingestion is not likely route of potential exposure Ammonia. may also for cause central nervous s irritation. eye or skin contact airway damage is more likely and can result in releases.eye Always be aware of fire aOverexposure and explosion releases. Always be aware of fire andUpper explosion potential Routes of Entry: Potential Health Effects ofInhalation, Repeated Exposure: Routes of Exposure:

The material safety data sheet (MSDS) provides the first insight and quick reference for personnel dealing directly with the product.

AMMONIA Material Safety Data Sheet

3

Section 5. Fire and Explosion Data

5

monoxide, chlorites, nitrogen tetroxide, perchlorate, sulphur, tin and strong acids.

Avoid contact with galvanized surfaces, copper, brass, bronze, mercury, gold and silver. A corrosive reaction will occur.

Section 9. Physical and Chemical Properties Section 14.

Transport Information Hazardous Overview: Anhydrous decomposes to hydrogen andthe Emergency Anhydrous Ammonia ammonia is an irritant and corrosive to Section 14.

Transport Information skin, eyes, respiratory and(842 mucous Decomposition nitrogen gases above tract 450 °C °F). membranes.

Decomposition Physical state: Gas. Exposure to liquid or rapidly gases cause Products temperatures may be loweredexpanding by contact withmay certain DOT Shipping Name: Ammonia, Anhydrous, 2.3, RQ, (8), Poison-Inhalation Molecular formula: NH3 metals, such as iron, and zinc andeyes, by catalytic severe chemical burnsnickel and frostbite to the lungs and Hazard Zone “D” Boiling Point -33 °C (-28 °F) at 1 atm surfaces suchand as porcelain andrelated pumice.diseases could be skin. Skin respiratory Identification Number: UN 1005 % Volatile 100% @ 100 °C (212 °F) ! aggravated by exposure.

Hazard Class: 2.3 (Poison Gas) Subsidiary 8 (Corrosive) Specific Gravity of 0.596 at 0 °C Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tract National Fire Hazardous Rating and Hazardous Materials Identification Gas (air =1) burns.

Protection System Labels: Section Toxicological Information Section 11. 11.

Toxicological Information Specific Gravity of 0.682 at -33 °C compared to water at 4.3 °C It poses an immediate fire and explosion hazard when Association (NFPA ) Anhydrous Ammonia liquid (water =1) concentrations exceed 15%.

HEALTH = 3 LC50 (Inhalation): 7338I 1590 ppm (rat, 1 hour); 2000 ppm (rat, 4 hours) Colour: Colourless liquid Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when FLAMMABILITY = 1* LD50 (Oral): Not applicable Odour: Pungent [Strong] entering release area if concentrations exceed allowable REACTIVITY = 0 LD50 (Dermal): Not applicable Critical Temperature: 133 °C exposure limits. Fully protective suits are required in large PERSONAL PROTECTION = H Skin Corrosivity: Ammonia is corrosive to the skin.

Critical Pressure 111.5 atm releases. Always be aware of fire and explosion potential * NFPA rates this gas a 1 as opposed to a 4 because it is Additional Notes: Rats exposed continuously to 180 ppm Ammonia for 90 Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia is an irritant and corrosive to the Gas Specific Volume 1.3 m3/kg at 0 °C & 1 atm in the case of large releases. "difficult to burn". days did not show any abnormalities of organs or tissues. skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes.

Vapour density: 0.77 kg/m3 at 0 °C 3 Exposure to liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause Mild nasal irritation was observed in 12 out of 49 rats Liquid Density 608 kg/m at 21.1 °C Acute Potential Health Effects: Shipping Label: Hazard Class 2.3 (Poison Gas) subsidiary 8 (Corrosive) exposed Anhydrous to 380 ppm Ammonia. burns and frostbite to the eyes, lungs and Placard Overview: ammoniasevere is an chemical irritant and corrosive to the pH: N/A RoutesEmergency of Exposure: Poison Gas, Corrosive (Subsidiary) At 655 ppm Ammonia, 32 out of 51 rats died by day 25 of skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases could be skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes.

Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia is an irritant and corrosive to the Vapour Pressure 8.7 at 21.1 °C Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye (When Required): exposure and 50 out of 51 rats had died after 65 days of aggravated by exposure.

Exposure to liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes.

Solubility in Water 40 kg at 0 °C & 23 kg at 20 °C irritation. ! exposure.

Ammonia can cause eye, skin Exposure toisliquid rapidly expanding gases may cause severe chemical burns and frostbite to Ammonia. thesevere eyes, lungs and and respiratory tract (per 45 kg of Water) Ingestion: Ingestion not aor likely route of exposure for ! burns. skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases could be severe chemical burns and frostbite to the eyes, lungs and Surface Tension 23.4 dynes/cm at 11.11 °C Inhalation: Ammonia is severely irritating to nose, throat, and lungs.

It posessensations, an immediate fire aggravated by exposure. skin.

Skin and related diseases could be and explosion hazard when Section Auto-ignition 651.11°C (1204°F) Other Regulatory Information Symptoms mayrespiratory include burning coughing, Section 15.15.

Other Regulatory Information concentrations exceed 15%.

Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tract aggravated by exposure. temperature: wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when burns.

Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tract Flammable limits: Lower Explosive Limit: 16% Overexposure may also cause central nervous system U.S. Federal Regulations: entering release area if hazard concentrations exceed allowable burns.

It including poses an immediate fire and explosion when Section Ecological Information (In air) Upper Explosive Limit: 25% effects unconsciousness and convulsions.

Section 12.12.

Ecological Information exposure limits.

Fully protective suits are required in large concentrations exceed 15%.

It poses an immediate fire and explosion hazard when Boiling/condensation -33.33°C (-28°F) Upper airway damage is more likely and can result in CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, Always bechords aware of and explosion potential Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when concentrations exceed 15%. point: bronchospasm (closing of releases. the airway).

Vocal arefire Aquatic Toxicity: Currently, the following aquatic toxicity data is available and Liability Act of 1980 (40 CFR Parts 117 and 302) in the case of large releases. entering release area if concentrations exceed allowable Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when Melting/freezing point: -77.77°C (-108°F) Reportable Quantity (RQ): 100 lbs (45.4 kgs) forparticularly Ammonia: vulnerable to corrosive effects of high exposure limits.

Fully protective suits are required in large entering release area if concentrations exceed allowable Specific gravity: 0.682 concentrations. airway damage Daphnia magna (48Lower hour) LC50 = 189 mg/1 may result in fluid Superfund The material is subject to the reporting requirements of Acute Potential Health Effects: releases.

Always be aware of fire and explosion potential exposure limits.

Fully protective suits are required in large builduptrout and (24 haemorrhage.

Rainbow hour) LC50 = 0.97 mg/1 Amendment and sections 304, 312 & 313 Routes of Exposure: releases.

Always be aware of fire and explosion potential the case largeLC50 releases.

Odour threshold: 17 ppm has occurred following a minute FatDeath head in minnow (96of hour) =5 8.2 mg/1 exposure to 5000 Reauthorization Act Sections 302/304: Emergency Planning and Notification Eye Contact: in ppm. the case of large releases. Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye Viscosity: Dynamic: 10 mPa.s (10 cP) Mobility: Not available SARA Title III: (40 CFR Part 355) Extremely Hazardous Substances: Potential Health Effects: Solubility: Miscible in water.

Skin Acute Contact: contact may causeirritation. irritation and bums. Contact Persistence and NotVapour available Ammonia is listed.

Ingestion not a likely route of exposure for Ammonia.

Routes Health of Exposure: Acute Potential Effects: ! withIngestion: liquid may cause freezing of theistissue accompanied Biodegradability: Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ): 500 lbs (227 kgs) Inhalation: is severely to eye nose, throat, and lungs.

Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderateirritating to severe Routes of Exposure: corrosive caustic action Ammonia and dehydration.

Potential to Notbyavailable Reportable Quantity (RQ): 100 lbs (45.4 kgs) Section Stability and Reactivity Data Symptoms may burning sensations, coughing, Eye Contact: Exposureirritation. to Ammonia can cause moderate to include severe eye Section 10. 10.

Stability and Reactivity Data Bioaccumulate: Sections 311/312: Hazardous Chemical Reporting (40 CFR wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea. is not amounts a likely route exposureis for irritation.

PotentialIngestion: Health Effects of Repeated Exposure: Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia anAmmonia. irritant and corrosive to the Remarks: Do not Ingestion release large of of Ammonia into the Part 370) Overexposure may alsoand cause central nervous system Inhalation: Ammonia isskin severely irritating tofor nose, and lungs.

Ingestion: Ingestion is not a or likely route of exposure Ammonia.

Chemical Stability: Stable Routes of Entry: Inhalation, eye contact skin, eyes, tract membranes. atmosphere.

It does not contain anyrespiratory Class I orthroat, Class II mucous IMMEDIATE HEALTH: Yes PRESSURE: Yes effects unconsciousness and may convulsions.

Symptoms may include burning sensations, coughing, gases Inhalation: Ammonia is severely irritating to nose, throat, lungs.

Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures >426 °C (800 °F) Symptoms: Repeated or chemicals. prolonged skin exposure may cause Exposure toincluding liquid orand rapidly expanding cause ozone depleting DELAYED HEALTH: No REACTIVITY: No Upper airway damage more likely and can result in wheezing, shortness of breath, headache andisnausea.

Symptoms may include burning sensations, Incompatibility Copper, silver, cadmium and zinc and their alloys; dermatitis. severe chemical burnscoughing, and frostbite to the eyes, lungs and !

FIRE: No bronchospasm (closing of thesystem airway). Vocal chords are wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.

Overexposure may also cause central nervous (Materials to Avoid): mercury, tin, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, halogens and Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous and respiratory systems. skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases could be Section 313: Toxic Chemical Release Reporting (40 CFR particularly vulnerable to corrosive effects of high effectsgenerally including unconsciousness and convulsions. may also aggravated cause central nervous system oxidizers.

Medical ConditionsOverexposure Conditions by exposure. exposure include aggravated Part 372) concentrations.

Lower damage may result in fluid Upper airway damage is more likely and airway can in respiratory including unconsciousness convulsions.

Reactivity: Aggravated byeffects asthma, chronic respiratory disease (e.g., emphysema), Ammonia canand cause severe eye,result skin and tract Ammonia is on the list of chemicals which may require buildup and haemorrhage. bronchospasm (closing of the airway). are Upper airway damage is more likely and can Vocal result chords in Hazardous Hydrogen at high temperatures, and under normal Overexposure: dermatitis and eye disease. burns. reporting under Section 313.

Section 13.

Disposal Considerations vulnerable Section 13.

Disposal Considerations Death occurred following a 5 high minute exposure to 5000 particularly tohas corrosive effects of bronchospasm (closing of Itthe airway).

Vocal chords Decomposition conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition poses an immediate fire are and explosion hazard when ppm. concentrations. airway damage may particularly vulnerable Lower to corrosive effects of result high in fluid Products: products should not be produced. concentrations exceed 15%.

Clean Air Act: Section 112 (r): Risk Management Programmes for Disposal: Classified as Resource Conservation and Recovery Act irritation and bums. Contact Skin Contact: Vapour contact may in cause concentrations.

Lower airway may result fluid buildup and haemorrhage.

Hazardous Under normal conditions of storage and use, will not Weardamage self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when Chemical Accidental Release (40 CFR PART 68) with#liquid cause Waste freezingtoof5000 the tissue accompanied (RCRA) 40 CFR 261.22 Corrosive D002 Hazardous Death has occurred following a 5may minute buildup and haemorrhage.

Polymerization: occur. entering release area ifexposure concentrations exceed allowable Ammonia is listed as a regulated substance. due to has corrosivity by corrosive caustic action and dehydration. ppm.

Emergency Anhydrous Ammonia ammonia has is an irritant and corrosive to the Death occurred following a 5 minute exposure to 5000 ConditionsOverview: to potentially explosive reactions exposure limits. Fully protective suits are required in large Threshold Quantity (TQ): 10,000 lbs (4535 kgs) Listed as a hazardous under CWA (40bums.

CFR Contact Vapour contact substance may causeAlways irritation skin, eyes, respiratory tractAnhydrous and mucousAmmonia membranes.

Avoid withEmergency strong oxidizers.

Overview: Anhydrous ammonia isforms an irritant and corrosive to Skin the Contact: ppm. releases. be and aware of fire and explosion potential 116.4,Potential 40 CFR 117.3).

Reportable quantity 100 pounds Health Effects of Repeated with liquid may cause freezing ofExposure: the tissue accompanied Exposure liquid orinrapidly expanding gases may cause Skin Contact: Vapour contact may cause irritation and bums.

Contact explosive to mixtures air with hydrocarbons, chlorine, skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes. in the case of large releases.

Toxic Substance Ammonia is listed on the TSCA inventory.

(45.35 kg).

Routes of Entry: Inhalation, eye or skin contact with liquid causecaustic freezing of the tissue accompanied by may corrosive action and dehydration. severe chemical burns andAnhydrous frostbite toAmmonia the eyes,or lungs Emergency Overview: ammonia israpidly an and irritant and corrosive to cause the fluorine and silver nitrate.

Anhydrous reacts to Exposure to liquid expanding gases may Control Act TSCA Symptoms: Repeated or onprolonged Suitably diluted product may be utilised agriculturalskin exposure may cause skin.

Skin and products, respiratory related diseases could bemucous skin, eyes, respiratory tract and by corrosive caustic action and dehydration. form explosive mixtures or compounds with severe chemical burns and frostbite to membranes. the eyes, lungs and Acute Potential Health Effects: Occupational Safety Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous asofa Repeated fertilizer. Exposure: Keep spills from entering streams, dermatitis.

Potential Health land Effects aggravated by exposure.

Exposure to liquid rapidly expanding gases may cause mercury, gold, silver, iodine, bromine, silveror oxide and skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases could be Routes of Exposure: : And Health Chemicals. Ammonia is listed as a highly hazardous lakes, or Inhalation, anyExposure: water systems.

Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous and respiratory systems.

Entry:of eye or skin contact Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin and tract Potential Health of Effects Repeated severe chemical burns and frostbite to the eyes, lungs Routes and silver chloride. aggravated by respiratory exposure.

Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate to severe eye Administration chemical.

SmallMedical amounts of Ammonia may be disposed of by to Conditions generally aggravated by exposure include Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia is an skin irritant and corrosive the Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause burns.

Routes Entry: Inhalation, eye orConditions skin contact skin.

Skin andchlorine, respiratory couldofSymptoms: be Emergency Overview: ammonia is an irritant and corrosive to skin the diseases Avoid Anhydrous anhydrous Ammonia contact with whichrelated Ammonia can cause severe eye, and respiratory tract irritation.

OSHA 29 CFR Part Threshold Quantity (TQ): 10,000 lbs (4535 kgs) discharge into water.

A ratio of tenexposure parts watermay to membranes. one part disease (e.g., emphysema), Aggravated by skin asthma, chronic respiratory skin, respiratory tract and mucous Symptoms: Repeated or eyes, prolonged cause dermatitis.

It poses aneyes, immediate andisand explosion hazard when aggravated by exposure. skin, respiratory tract mucous membranes. forms a chloramine gas, fire which a primary skin irritant burns.

Ingestion: Ingestion is not a likely route of exposure for Ammonia.

1910.119 Emergency Overview: Anhydrous ammonia isshould an irritant and corrosive to the Ammonia be sufficient for disposal.

The Overexposure: and eye disease.

Exposure to liquid ordermatitis rapidly expanding gases may cause Target Organs: dermatitis.

Eyes, skin, central nervous and respiratory systems. concentrations exceed 15%.

Ammonia can cause severe eye, skin andtorespiratory Emergency Overview: ammonia is an irritant and corrosive the ExposureAnhydrous to liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause and sensitizer.

Ammonia is incompatible with It poses an immediate fire and explosion hazard tract when Inhalation: Ammonia is severely irritating to nose, throat, and lungs.

Department of The chemical is listed under regulation 6 CFR Part 27, skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes. subsequent solution of burns ammonium hydroxide can belungs severe chemical and frostbite to the eyes, and Medical Conditions Conditions generally aggravated by exposure include Wear self-contained breathing (SCBA) when burns.

Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous and respiratory skin, eyes, respiratory tract acid, and mucous membranes. acetaldehyde, acrolein, boron, chloric chlorine severe chemical burns andapparatus frostbite to the eyes, lungs and concentrations exceed 15%.

Symptoms may systems. include burning sensations, coughing, Homeland Security: Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards at Exposure toConditions liquid rapidly expanding may cause neutralized and should begases properly disposed ofemphysema), incould be skin.

Skin and respiratory related diseases Aggravated by orasthma, chronic disease (e.g., entering release area concentrations exceed allowable Medical Conditions generally aggravated by exposure include Exposure toItWear liquid or rapidly expanding gases may cause poses an immediate fire could and explosion hazard skin.

Skin and ifnitrogen respiratory related diseases be monoxide, chlorites, tetroxide, perchlorate, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)when when wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea. storage/process amounts greater than the threshold severe by chemical burns and to the eyes, lungs and accordance withfrostbite regulations. aggravated by eye exposure.

Overexposure: dermatitis and disease. exposure limits.

Fully protective suitsrelease are required in large Aggravated asthma, chronic respiratory disease (e.g., emphysema), concentrations chemical burns andexceed frostbite toconcentrations the eyes, lungsexceed and aggravated by exposure. sulphur, tin andsevere strong acids. entering area15%. if allowable Overexposure may also cause central nervous system quantity of 10,000 pounds. skin. Skin dermatitis and respiratory diseases be and respiratory tract ! Overexposure: Ammonia can cause severe could eye, skin releases.

Always be galvanized aware of fire andlimits. explosion potential and eyerelated disease. self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when skin.

Skin Wear and respiratory related diseases could be can cause severe eye, skin and respiratory tract Avoid Ammonia contact with surfaces, copper, brass, exposure Fully protective suits are required in large effects including unconsciousness and convulsions.

Rail Transport The chemical is subject to 49 CFR 1580. aggravated by exposure. burns. in the case of large releases. entering release area if concentrations allowable aggravated by exposure. burns. bronze, mercury, gold and silver.

A Always corrosive releases. be reaction aware of fire and exceed explosion potential Upper airway damage is more likely and can result in Security: eye, and respiratory tract It poses anskin immediate fire and explosion hazard when exposure limits.

Fully protective suits in large Ammonia can cause severe can severe eye,releases. skinhazard and respiratory tract will occur.

It posesAmmonia an immediate firecase and whenare required incause the ofexplosion large bronchospasm (closing of the airway). Vocal chords are ! concentrations exceed 15%. vulnerable to corrosive effects of high Acute Potential Health Effects: releases. be aware and of fire and explosion potential burns. burns. exceed Hazardous Anhydrous Ammonia decomposes to hydrogen concentrations 15%. Always particularly It poses an immediate and explosion hazard when Wearfire self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when Routes of Exposure: in breathing the case °F). ofapparatus large releases.

Itabove poses an immediate fire and explosion hazard when Wear self-contained (SCBA) when Decomposition nitrogen gases 450 °C (842 Decomposition Acute Potential Health Effects: concentrations. Lower airway damage may result in fluid concentrations exceed 15%. release area if concentrations exceed allowable entering Eye Contact: Exposure to severe eye concentrations 15%. to entering release areacause if exceed concentrations exceed allowable Products temperatures may be can lowered bymoderate contact with certain Routes of Ammonia Exposure: buildup and haemorrhage.

Wear self-contained exposure breathinglimits. apparatus (SCBA) when Fully protective suits are required in large irritation.

Acute Potential Health Effects: Wear breathing apparatus whento severe eye exposure limits.

Fully protective suits are in (SCBA) large metals, such as iron,self-contained nickel and zinc and by required catalytic Eye Contact: Exposure to Ammonia can cause moderate Death has occurred following a 5 minute exposure to 5000 entering release area if concentrations allowable releases.

Always beexceed aware of fire and explosion potential Ingestion: Ingestion is Exposure: notas aAlways likely route of pumice. exposure for Ammonia.

Routes of entering release area if concentrations exceed allowable releases. be aware of fire and explosion potential surfaces such porcelain and irritation. ppm.

GPIC is committed to Protect & sustain product stewardship Section 16.

Other Information Section 16.

Other16.

Information Section Other Information HMIS Ratings: HMIS Ratings: Health:= 3Health:= 3 Flammability: =1 Flammability: =1 Reactivity: =0 Reactivity: =0 Disclaimer: Disclaimer: The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently currently available available to us. However, we makewe no make warranty of merchantability or any or any to us. However, no warranty of merchantability other warranty, express or implied, respect such information, and we assume other warranty, express or with implied, withto respect to such information, and we assume no liability from its use. noresulting liability resulting from its use.

Users should their owntheir investigations to determine the suitability of the of the Users make should make own investigations to determine the suitability information for their particular purposes.purposes. information for their particular In no event shall GPIC be liable for liable any claims, damages of any third party In no event shall GPIC be for anylosses, claims,orlosses, or damages of any third party or for lost any special, incidental, consequential or exemplary or profits for lostorprofits or any indirect, special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages,damages, whatsoever arising, even if GPIC beenhas advised the possibility of whatsoever arising, even has if GPIC been of advised of the possibility of such damages. such damages.

Revised: Revised: All sections have been revised 11th August, All sections have beenon revised on 11th2012.

August, 2012. ! !

6

4- GPIC’s Products Handling & Export Facility GPIC’s storage facilities comprise two storage tanks, each with a storage capacity of 20,000 tonnes, equipped with safety and monitoring facilities for trouble free operation such as safety valves, level indicators, pressure transmitters and quick closing valves. Ammonia storage tanks have a double metallic wall construction (double integrity tank) with both walls able to contain the total capacity of liquid ammonia in a refrigerated condition at -33 °C and 1 atm.

GPIC utilises the Sitra wharf owned by BAPCO to load ammonia into ships. Two ammonia loading arms are provided, one at Berth No.1 and one at Berth No.2, which are operated hydraulically to move the arm

to the appropriate position for connection to the ship manifold.

Product ammonia is transferred from the tanks to the ship by means of a loading pump. Generally, two pumps are required for ship loading while the third pump serves as a standby at maximum loading rate of 1200 MT/HR through a dedicated export line of 16” diameter and approximately 4 km long. Along with the loading line, an ammonia vapour return line (10”) joins back to the storage tanks from the jetty. The loading line is provided with cooling risers to always maintain the liquid level in the line by letting back the vapours to the vapour return line.

5-Port Rules & Requirements

5.1 Location:

GPIC’s loading facilities are situated at Sitra wharf, which is owned by Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO). The wharf also houses Bahrain Gas Company’s (BANAGAS) loading facility which includes 7 berths, two of which are each equipped with both an ammonia and a methanol loading arm (Berth No.1 and Berth No.2). The two loading arms at each berth allows GPIC to load either methanol or ammonia from any vacant berth of the two, based on their availability.

Rules and regulations which are applicable to other ports within the Kingdom of Bahrain, are also applied to this port. As such, the port is subject to Customs and complies with the International Ship and Port Facility Security code (ISPS). All personnel using this port are subject to Immigration and Customs Controls pertaining to such a facility.

• A ship’s crew members must be subjected to a Sitra port Security search prior to exit from or entry from the port.

• Shore personnel and contractors are strictly prohibited from receiving or delivering goods/items to ship’s crew members.

• Unauthorised personnel not involved in the loading operation are restricted from boarding the ships.

5.3 Ship-Shore Pre-Loading Meeting In order to achieve a smooth, efficient and safe operation and so that all security requirements are fully understood, acknowledged and implemented by the ship’s personnel; a meeting is conducted between shore and ship representatives prior to commencement of loading operations.

To facilitate this, shore representatives and the ship’s Master/Chief Officer will jointly complete a number of forms/letters as listed below: • Smoking location on board vessel.

5.2 Security Requirements:

• Loading arm safe working area.

Ships calling at Sitra Marine Port to load Ammonia must declare their security level according to the ISPS code.

• Safety requirements for vessel loading at Sitra.

• Ships’ crews are not allowed to enter or exit the Sitra wharf without authorisation from the Immigration Office.

• Visitors to ships must obtain clearance from the Immigration Office through the ship’s agent before allowed access.

• Goods to and from ships must be cleared by the Customs Officer and inspected by Sitra port Security.

• A ship’s crew members are not allowed to proceed from ship to shore without being accompanied by the ship’s agent representatives.

7

• Ship/Shore log sheet.

• Ship/Shore Safety check list.

• Receipt of Material Safety Data Sheet.

• ISPS form (counter signed by terminal security officer).

All the above aspects will be discussed and mutually agreed between the ship and shore representatives, any controversial point must be authorised and countersigned by both parties. Also, a radio hand set is handed over to the ship for communication during loading operations.

8

6- Safety & Emergency Response

Ships must ensure maximum safety precautions are followed when loading at Sitra wharf and all crew members or visitors must wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) at all times when the ship is alongside.

• Fire: • Small fire: Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

• Large fire:

6.1 Safety:

6.2 Emergency Response:

To ensure maximum safety at Sitra Wharf, several precautions have been set.

In case of emergency, following actions to be taken:

• A total of 15 remote operated high firefighting monitors have been distributed at the wharf.

indicated.

• Two foam tanks with pumps and operating panels are situated at each side of the jetty.

• Five fire water pumps are located at the trestle entrance.

(3 main pumps and 2 jockey pumps).

• If no access to a telephone, use a VHF radio to announce “EMERGENCY” three times.

• Suspend loading operation immediately.

• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or

leak area for at least 50 metres (150 feet) in all directions.

• GPIC provides additional mobile fire water monitors at each side of the jetty, equipped with foam tanks for quick intervention during any emergency.

• Keep unauthorised personnel away.

• Break glass fire alarms have been provided at each side of the jetty.

• Ammonia is lighter than air in normal conditions however

• 12 escape masks have been placed at each side of the jetty.

• Fire blankets and eye wash stations/showers are located at both sides of the jetty.

• 7 breathing apparatuses (7 Ltrs each) are located at the South side office.

• 4 spare oxygen cylinders have been provided at the South office.

• One gas suit, two fire suits and two chemical suits have been provided at the South office as well.

• CO2 and dry powder extinguishers have been made available at the South office.

• When a Methanol ship is planned for berthing, all maintenance activities will be suspended, and entry to Sitra wharf will be under control.

9

• Call the emergency response telephone number as

• Stay upwind. when in contact with high humidity or moisture will become heavier than air.

• Keep out of low areas.

• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

• Personal Protective Equipment: • Respiratory Protection: Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) should be worn in areas of large release or unknown concentration.

• Eye Protection: Safety Glasses, Chemical goggles with full face shield.

• Skin Protection: Rubber or Neoprene gloves and chemical resistant outer garment should be worn.

Total encapsulating chemical suit may be necessary in large release area. Fire resistant suit and gloves in emergency situations.

• For escape in emergencies ,the respiratory protection consists of a full-face gas mask and canisters approved for ammonia or SCBA should be used.

- Water spray, or alcohol-resistant foam.

- Move portable containers( such as cylinder or trailer) from fire area if you can do it without risk.

- Where not portable, cool fire exposed containers with water spray - Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

• If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

• Use water spray to reduce vapours or divert vapour cloud drift. Avoid allowing runoff to contact spilled material.

• Isolate area until the gas has dispersed.

Caution: Adding water directly to liquid ammonia spills will increase ammonia vaporization, thus increasing the possibility of exposure.

• First aid: • Move victim to fresh air.

• Fire involving tanks: • Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.

• Call emergency medical service.

• Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

• Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discolouration of tank.

• Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.

• Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

• For massive fires, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles, if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

• Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

• Spill or Leak: • Wear Self- contained breathing apparatus( SCBA) when entering release area if concentrations exceed allowable exposure limits.

• Fully protective suits are required in large releases.

• Always be aware of fire and explosion potential in the case of large releases.

• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

• Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

• Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

• In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

• Wash skin with soap and water.

• In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

• Keep victim warm and quiet.

• Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

• Ensure that the medical personnel are aware of the materials involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

10

7- Glossary CAS No. : Each chemical has a discrete Chemical Abstracts

OSHA PEL : Permissible Exposure Limit. American equivalent

work efficiency, provided that the daily TLV-TWA is not

Service (CAS) registry number. This number will accurately

of TLV (Threshold Limit Value) and WES (Workplace Exposure

exceeded. It is not a separate independent exposure

indicate the chemical being described.

Standards), as determined by the Occupational Safety

limit, rather it supplements the time - weighted average

and Health Administration. (OSHA-USA)

(TWA) limit where there are recognised acute effects from

UN No. : United Nations Number.

This is the number

a substance where toxic effects are primarily of a chronic

allocated by the United Nations and is used internationally

TLV-TWA : Threshold Value Time Weighted Average: is

by emergency services to quickly identify a hazardous

defined as concentration of the substance in air that can

chemical in the event of an accident.

be breathed for five consecutive eight hour working days

STEL is defined as a 15-minute TWA exposure which should

(40 hour work week) by most people without adverse

not be exceeded at any time during a working day even if

effect.

the 8-hour TWA is within the TLV-TWA. Exposure above TLV-

Class 1: Explosives Class 2: Gases: Compressed, Liquefied of Dissolved under pressure

ORL - RAT LD 50 : Values given are the concentrations or quantities of a chemical that will cause the death of 50% of

Class 3: Flammable Liquids

a population of the rat model for inhalation and ingestion.

Class 4: Flammable Solids, Substances liable to

Hazchem Code :

The Hazchem Code is a code used

spontaneous combustion, Flammable substances

to identify the emergency response action in chemical

if wetted

related emergencies.

Class 5: Oxidizing agents and Organic Peroxides.

Bio accumulation : Biological accumulation

Class 6: Poisonous (toxic) and infectious substances

Eco Toxicity : Ecological Toxicity

Class 7: Radioactive substances.

IDLH :

nature.

TWA up to STEL should not be longer than 15 minutes and should not occur more than four times per day.

TLV-C : Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling - the concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure.

The Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

value - This concentration represents a maximum level Class 8: Corrosive Substances Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous goods.

from which one could escape within 30 minutes without any escape - impairing symptoms or any irreversible health effects. The concentrations are reported in either parts per million (PPM) or milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3).

UEL (Upper Explosive limit): The lowest concentration limits

TLV-STEL : Short Term Exposure Limit - The concentration

(normally measured in % volume to air) of a gas or vapour

to which it is believed that workers can be exposed

that will be able to support ignition and burn or explode.

continuously for a short period of time without suffering

LEL (Lower Explosive Limit): The lowest concentration limits (normally measured in % volume to air) of a gas or vapour that will be able to support ignition and burn or explode.

11

from 1) Irritation 2) Chronic or irreversible tissue damage or 3) Narcosis of a sufficient degree to increase the likelihood of accidental injury, impair self-rescue or materially reduce

12 12

Issue 1 - January 2014

Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company, (BSC) P.O.Box 26730, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain Tel: +973 1773 1777 - Fax: +973 1773 1047 Email: gpic@gpic.com Website: www.gpic.com