Sudden Infant Death Syndrome How to prevent? Lisa 1
1 Aguiar ,
Marlene
2 Areias ,
Eva
1 Silva
Centro de Saúde de Angra do Heroísmo; 2 Centro de Saúde a Praia da Vitória
Introduction
Results
The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is defined as an unexpected death, in a healthy child before 1 year of age, which
Pathophysiology
Critical Development period
SIDS is a polygenic and
remains unexplained despite a thorough case investigation, including
multifactorial entity. To explain
a scene investigation, autopsy, and review of the clinical history. The
this, there is a triple risk model
incidence of SIDS declined 50-70% in the last two decades because
Vulnerable Infant
that proposes SIDS is a result of
the campaigns for risk reduction. However, it continues to be the
Exogenous stressors
tree coinciding factors (figure 1)
leading cause of death for infants between 1 month and 1 year of
Figure 1: Triple risk model
age in developed countries.
Risk Factors
Objectives
Infant factors
Maternal factors
The aim of this work identify the major risk factors and how to
− Low birth weight
− Young Age
prevent them, in order to establish preventive measures.
− Low APGAR score
− Smoking
− Recent viral illness
− Low socioeconomic status
− Male sex
− Illicit drug use
− Native american ou african
−Poor prenatal care
Methods Classic review, based on english and portuguese scientific articles published over the last 10 years in Medline, UpToDate® and
american ancestry
Medscape® databases, using the MESH terms: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Prevention Avoid smoke Prenatal care for Room-sharing
pregnant women
exposure during and after pregnacy
Breastfeeding
Offering a pacifier at sleep
without bed
time
sharing Keep soft objects
Avoid overeating
and loose bedding out of the crib
Do not use cardiorespiratory
Firm slepp
monitors as a strategy
surface
for reducing the risk of SIDS Expand the national
Back to sleep
campaign to reduce
position
the risks of SIDS Figure 2: Preventive recommendations
Conclusion The physician has a crucial intervention, being able to decrease the prevalence of this entity. The family doctor finds himself in a privileged position to assure an adequate education of parents or caretakers, demystify preoccupations and eliminate risk behaviors.
Bibliography
1. American Academy of Pediatrics. SIDS and other Sleep-related infant deaths: Expansion of recommendations of a save infant sleeping enviroment. Pediatrics 2011;128: 1030-39. 2. Moon, R et al. Sudden infant death sybdrone. Lancet 2007; 270: 1578-87. 3. Moon, R and Fu, L. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Un Update. Pediatrics in Review 2012; 33: 314 – 319. 4. Corwin, M. Sudden infant death syndrome: Risk factors and risk reduction strategies. UpToDate®. 2014. Available in: http://www.uptodate.com/online.