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M e c h a n i c a l

TA B L E

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C O NT E NT S O F

58COVER STORY

Environment Canada’s senior climatologist weighs in on what’s in store for the future of Canadian weather. Jeb Roberts

S U S T A I NF E A T U R E S 60A green evolution 62Going Commercial: Thinking Big with Solar Bob “Hot Rod” Rohr

64Finding comfort, from church to home Michael Ridler

68Waterless Urinals:

As predictable as the weather 20COOLING REPORT

As with last year, the jury is out with regards to how homeowners are going to act as the cooling season kicks fully into gear , but there are some consistencies that are more predictable than the weather. Adam Freill

EUROPE

96COMMERCIAL VEHICLE REVIEW – PART 1 A European invasion is imminent in the commercial van market. Started by the Mercedes Sprinter and Ford Transit Connect, so far it has been a small breach, but next year, it will turn into a flood as we see as many as six new models arrive here. Howard J. Elmer

Opportunity, challenges and options Marilyn Farago

72LEEDing with radiant Denise Deveau

78ROAD WARRIOR: Shawn Bushey Jeb Roberts

80CO2 cascade systems for sustainability Phil Boudreau

84Pellets: A growing market Bruce McCallum

86Conservation makes WaterSense Denise Deveau

90Eco Products 92How do you cool a cloud? W ith water, of course! Steve Clark

On the cover: Environment Canada’s chief meteorologist, weatherman David Phillips, can be found on television and radio fr om coast-tocoast. Photo: David Chidley

TA B L E M O R E F E AT U R E S 26HVAC/R

Chillers going CFC-free Adam Freill

28PLUMBING

Keeping gas out at the trap Rainier Bratsch-Blundel

34PLUMBING

SAIT takes apprenticeship digital Nicole Shepherd

M B

C O NT E NT S O F

S P E C I A L I S T S 36

38HYDRONICS

Hydraulic Separation: An affair of hydronic perfection Rick Brindamour

44EVENT IN PICTURES CMX/CIPHEX 2012

46CONFERENCE PREVIEW

COHA’s taking charge of change Cleaner Heat 2012

48OIL HEAT

Keeping systems in optimal shape Sean Hiscock

MARKETING Should I be using YouTube? Doug MacMillan Mechanical contractors have a lot to gain fr om engaging current and potential customers through online videos. HIGH PERFORMANCE HVAC Getting proper performance from our ducts Gord Cooke We in the HVAC industry need to recalibrate our thinking on ductwork to meet the ever-increasing expectations of homeowners. SOLAR THERMAL Going Commercial: Think Big with Solar Bob “Hot Rod” Rohr The ICI sector is a potentially lucrative market for thermal solar projects – you just have to know how to look for them. REFRIGERATION CO2 cascade systems for sustainability Phil Boudreau The demand for low GWP refrigerants and high-efficiency installed systems is on the rise. In recent years, CO2 has resurfaced as a viable alternative to HFC refrigerants. ASK ROGER Greening your ride Roger Grochmal After direct labour, our vehicles are the largest expense most of us have in our businesses. Bigger is not necessarily better.

112 WORLD VIEW Proper compliance will save lives Jeff Patchell You are responsible for the safety of your clients. No lives need be lost because of poor installation or service practice.

56FIND THE FIX

Seeking high performance

100POWER TOOLS

A brushless revolution Adam Freill

102HVAC

Seasonal Changeovers: Time for preventive maintenance Travis Keyser

D E P A R T M E NT S 06From the editor’s desk 08News 18Profile: Mario Bernardi 82Tool Tip 109Calendar 110The Info Page 114By the numbers

P R O D U C T S 20,106HVAC/R 32,108Plumbing 42,105Hydronics 50Oil-fired 90Sustainable 107Stuff you need

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FROM Content Media Group Inc. 19 – 1525 Cornwall Road Oakville, ON L6J 0B2 CANADA Tel: 905.465.2919 Fax: 905.465.2913 www.mechanicalbusiness.com May/June 2012 Issue Published 6 times per year. Editor: Adam Freill, ext. 224 adam.freill@mechanicalbusiness.com Associate Editor/Web Editor: Jeb Roberts, ext. 225 jeb.roberts@mechanicalbusiness.com National Accounts Manager: Laura Goodwin, ext. 221 laura.goodwin@mechanicalbusiness.com Controller: Liz Mills liz.mills@mechanicalbusiness.com Art Direction: JJM Graphic Ltd. davem@jjmgraphic.com Circulation Manager: Shila Naik (905) 272-4175 shila.naik@mechanicalbusiness.com Publisher: Bruce Meacock, ext. 222 bruce.meacock@mechanicalbusiness.com PM:41536047 ISSN 1916-0674 MB (Print) ISSN 1906-0682 MB (Online)

Postmaster – Please send all address changes or undeliverable copies to: Mechanical Business, 19 – 1525 Cornwall Road, Oakville, ON L6J 0B2 We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Periodical Fund of the Department of Canadian Heritage.

THE

EDITOR’S

DESK

Hoping for a positive forecast Despite industry and corporate efforts to flatten the seasonal sales cycles, the reality is that in the HVAC world, customers start to think about heating equipment when it gets cold and cooling equipment when it gets hot, and not just warm, but hot. That means that all the pre-planning Follow us on Twitter in the world will not prevent the Want to know what’s happening in our phones from ringing off the hook world? Follow us on during the first heat wave of the year Twitter: @MechBusiness or all the seasonal maintenance that was put off in May turns into emergency calls in July. To help get a jump on the weather, we thought we’d hit up Environment Canada’s chief meteorologist for a little insight into our weather patterns and what to expect this year. Our discussion with David Phillips starts on page 58. And our annual look at what to expect for the cooling season starts on page 20. Here’s a little spoiler alert: Watch for a similar customer reaction as w as seen last year, and hope for hot weather to kick-start a bit of buying, especially for those customers who put off system replacement last year. As we think of replacing older, inefficient HVAC equipment, thoughts turn to sustainability, conservation and renewables, so I’d be remiss if I did not mention the return of Sustain, our annual look at projects and equipment that are lessening our environmental footprint. From waterless urinal technology, to geothermal installations, to CO2 in the refrigeration sector, there’s something for everyone, and it all starts on page 60. So please enjoy the read as we wish you a return of hot days, cool nights, and a strong start to your summer. Until next time,

Adam Freill, Editor

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Managing the mechanicals

CIPH Annual Business Conference in Quebec

Middle managers with mechanical companies from across Canada attended CMCEF’s 7th Middle Management Education Conference, held March 28 to 30 at the Marriott Eaton Centre Hotel in Toronto. Pictured is Gregg Schoppman, a consultant with FMI, speaking about the importance of proper change-order management. To learn about future education opportunities, visit the CMCEF website.

The Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating’ s Annual Business Conference will take place this year at the Fairmont Chateau Montebello in Quebec from June 24 to 26, 2012. Speakers for the event will include Canadian senator Don Plett, Globe and Mail business columnist Jeffrey Simpson, and wheelchair-racing champion Chantal Petitclerc. Registration forms are available at CIPH’s website.

cmcef.org

ciph.com

Canadians unaware of radon risk in homes

Take it like a van In April, CMX-CIPHEX 2012 show chair David Morden presented Ron Whaling with the show’s grand prize, a 2012 Nissan NV Commercial Van, complete with custom racks and shelving from Farmbro Van & Truck Equipment and a GPS Fleet Tracking system from PinPoint GPS. All told, the prize is worth more than $35,000. Ron’s business, Whaling Plumbing in St. Pauls, Ontario, specializes in floor heating and agricultural plumbing for large, dairy, poultry and bovine operations. For more on the show, check out the event in pictures, starting on page 44.

Few Canadians have tested their homes for radon, and fewer still have taken steps to radon-proof their homes, according to a study by the Homeowner Protection Centre. The study, titled “The Radon Challenge: Building Awareness and Encouraging Action” found that only about eight per cent of Canadians can name r adon as a leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers. Radon is a colourless, odourless, radioactive gas that can seep from surrounding soil into houses, and Health Canada suggests that it accounts for approximately 10 per cent of all lung cancers in Canada, second only to tobacco smoke. Mechanical ventilation is one method used to mitigate r adon in structures.

cmxciphexshow.com

homeownerprotection.ca

Follow Us on Twitter! It’s M B’s Twitter Roundup Caught the twitter bug? We've got you covered with daily tweets about everything that matters to the mechanical trades in Canada. Check us out at twitter.com/mechbusiness

Conan O’Brien

Andy Schonberger

Nordyne

John Fugelsang

I can’t believe no one likes my show idea about a bunch of undead bathroom remodelers called “The Caulking Dead.”

Who would you credit with opening your mind to #environmental issues? For me it would be @davidsuzuki and The Nature of Things in the 80s.

How many HVAC contractors have been walking around ladders today instead of under?

I had a dream where all the world’s toilets magically came to life and my gosh they were mad at us.

Feb. 19th

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Apr. 13 (Friday)

Apr. 11

Celebrating two decades in Canada Grundfos Group executive vice-president Soren Sorensen (in photo at right) explained the Grundfos philosophy of forward thinking and product development during celebrations marking the company’s 20th anniversary in Canada. “We need to think about the future,” he said during his speech at the event, which was held in Oakville, Ont., in late March. “We want to add value to your businesses.” To do this, the company has a concerted focus on research and product development. “I ask you to ask more of Grundfos. Challenge us. That’s what will move us forward,” he stated. www.grundfos.ca

Uponor lights up Vegas More than 800 mechanical industry personnel, including around 125 Canadians, took part in Connections 2012, Uponor’s biennial conference addressing the HVAC, hydronic and plumbing markets. Acknowledging the difficulties in the global marketplace, and in the U.S., the company rallied their reps and installers. “We could not do well without you,” explained Bill Gray, president of Uponor North America, who outlined his vision of shared success , based on mutual respect and abilities to achieve financial objectives . Delegates to the event were treated to engineering discussions, product sessions and a taste of the Vegas nightlife. uponor.ca

HRAI announces bursary recipients On March 30, 2012, HRAI Chair Ron Robinson announced the recipients of HRAI’s Orvil L. Davie Memorial Fund bursary. Josh Brawn of New Brunswick Community College in Fredericton, N.B., and Nick Kostaniuk of the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology in Edmonton, each received a $1,000 bursary. Josh will be completing his certificate as a refrigeration and air conditioning technician in J une 2012, and Nick will be completing his HVAC Specialist certificate program in May 2013.

A farewell to CFC refrigerants Honeywell recently announced that it has begun destroying inventories of certain ozone-depleting refrigerants. The company has already eliminated more than 27,000 pounds of CFC-11, a depletive chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, and it plans to destroy its remaining inventory of ozone-depleting CFC-11, CFC-12 and R-500 refrigerants this year. The destruction of these CFCs, which followed protocols developed by the Climate Action Reserve, is equivalent to eliminating over 125,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions . honeywell.com

Manufacturers and wholesalers review the industry Dave McPherson of Rheem Canada, the HRAI Heating & Air Conditioning Product Section chair, outlines some of the topics discussed during the biannual HRAI product section meetings, held in April in Mississauga, Ontario. Consumertargeted refrigerant topup products, R-22 availability and updates to efficiency standards for gas water heaters were on the agenda for the day’s sessions. hrai.ca

hrai.ca M e c h a n i c a l

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CIPH and AHRI sign global partners agreement On March 22, at this year’s CMX/CIPHEX show, CIPH president Ralph Suppa and AHRI president and CEO Stephen Yurek signed a global partners agreement (GPA). The GPA will allow CIPH and AHRI to focus on environmental, building and product standards issues related to domestic hot water heaters and boilers. “This agreement extends our cooperation with our Canadian counterparts on issues of mutual concern,” said Yurek. AHRI has a similar agreement with HRAI.

Viessmann announces MAX winners Viessmann announced the winners of its 2011 MAX Sales Awards at the 2012 Viessmann North American Sales Meeting in Waterloo, Ont. The awards recognize the marketing accomplishments and excellence of the top two Viessmann sales representatives in Canada each year. In first place was DisTech, located in Brockville, Ont., and in second was Dynamic Agencies, located in Saskatoon. viessmann.ca

www.ciph.com

APP ALERT Cronkhite hits 100-year mark

Air velocity app The Air Velocity and Flow Calculator app, created by Dwyer Instruments, lets technicians convert velocity pressure to air velocity or air velocity to air volume while on a jobsite. The app is available through Apple’s App Store and the Android Market. dwyer-inst.com

LinkedIn on iPad LinkedIn’s mobile app, available for IOS devices through the iTunes store, lets you access your professional network from anywhere. In April, the social network for professionals updated its mobile presence with a dedicated iPad version, which makes better use of the extra screen real estate with news, alerts and optional calendar synchronization.

M e c h a n i c a l

wolseleyinc.ca

Looking to hire? Check out MB’s online career section, home of the latest industry job postings. mechanicalbusiness.com

itunes.apple.com

Cronkhite Supply celebrated its 100th anniversary in April. “I think the number one reason is the relationships — between our customers, suppliers and employees,” said Lee Hetherington, manager of Cronkhite’s branch in Surrey, B.C. “It’s a great company to work for.” The company, which supplies plumbing and hydronic products to professional contractors, was founded in 1912 by German immigrant Norman Cronkhite in Winnipeg. It remained family run until it w as bought by Edmonton’s Muttart Lumber in 1950. Wolseley Canada acquired Cronkhite Supply in 1996, and today the company operates branches in Langley and Surrey, B.C., as well as in Calgary and Edmonton.

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06.12

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ASHRAE supports Canadian undergrads ASHRAE’s Undergraduate Senior Project Grant is supporting the HVAC/R-related projects of undergrads at 22 schools from around the world, including some here in Canada. Canadian projects benefiting from the $100,000 in overall grants include a measurement of indoor air quality of arctic housing at Ottawa’s Carleton University, a boiler performance laboratory at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, and an underwater compressed-air energy storage system model at the University of Windsor in Ontario. ashrae.org MARCH/APRIL 2012

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The biennial MEET (Mechanical Electrical Electronic Technology) show took place in early May at the Moncton Coliseum in Moncton, N.B. More than 6,000 visitors attended during the show’s two-day run, viewing products and demonstrations from more than 130 exhibitors from Canada and the U.S. Show highlights included the Beautiful Heat breakfast, in which Taco’s Sean Giberson and Weil-McLain Canada’s John Goshulak presented on the group’s efforts to make radiant heating a household name in North America.

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UA lends support to Skills Canada The United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry (UA), was a premier sponsor of the 2012 Skills Canada National Competition, which took place from May 13 to 16 in Edmonton. The competition, which is Canada’s only national multi-trade event for skilled-trade and technology students and apprentices, drew more than 500 competitors representing over 40 trades from across the country. Watch for the results for the mechanical category competitions in the next edition of Mechanical Business. skillscanada.com

HRAI hosts radiant guest Jerry Leyte, a commercial sales engineer with Uponor Canada, discusses radiant heating and cooling system components during the April HRAI Toronto Chapter meeting. Leyte delved into the history of radiant heating, starting with the Ancient Romans, and looked at some largerthan-life applications including the New Bangkok International Airport in Thailand and BMO Field in Toronto. He also stressed that radiant and forced-air systems can go hand-in-hand. “It doesn’t have to be a choice between forced air and radiant heating,” he said. “There are plenty of opportunities for both to work together.” hrai.ca

ecobee wins Green Toronto Award ecobee was awarded the Energy Conservation Award at the 2012 Green Toronto Awards. The award recognizes individuals, organizations and companies helping to lead the way to a cleaner, greener Toronto. ecobee manufactures HVAC controls designed to reduce energy consumption. ecobee.com

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Movers and Shakers www.mechanicalbusiness.com

BMI Canada opens B.C. distribution centre BMI Canada has opened a new distribution centre in Langley, B.C., to meet growing demand in western North America. The 20,000 square-foot facility is located at 26918 56th Ave. and can be reached at 800-361-1452. bmicanada.com

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Watsco acquires Canadian distribution network Watsco has announced that it will acquire 60 per cent of Carrier’s Canadian HVAC distribution network, WWG/Totaline, which includes 35 locations. The network was worth approximately $330 million in 2011. The joint venture will operate under the name Carrier Enterprises Canada and will retain its existing infrastructure and current management team. watsco.com

The Water Closet opens in Kitchener Stephanie Willan (left), showroom supervisor, and Melanie PeetWinkfield, branch manager, welcomed guests to Desco’s newest The Water Closet showroom during the branch’s recent grand opening gala event. The showroom, located at 241 Shoemaker St. in Kitchener, Ont., offers sales support and services to contractors and their clients working on remodeling and new construction projects. The Water Closet can be reached at Tel. 519-743-6827. thewatercloset.ca

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HD Supply divests industrial PVF business HD Supply has agreed to sell its industrial PVF business to Shale-Inland Holdings LLC, an affiliate of investment firms TowerBrook Capital Partners LP and The Stephens Group, LLC. The company’s PVF business was an active part of its Canadian portfolio, and the sale was valued at $1.2 billion. hdsupply.com

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Peppertree reps Lindab Products Novo partners with agencies on both coasts Novo Water Conditioning has enlisted Barrett Sales as its sales agent for the brand in Atlantic Canada. Barrett Sales can be reached in Saint John, N.B., at 506-693-8630. Also at Novo, JSA Sales Inc. has been appointed the brand’s sales agent for British Columbia and will be providing Novo’s local sales representation with added support. Rod Major and Carl Suckert will be key customer contacts. Rod can be reached at 604-617-5073, and Carl can be reached at 778-388-1504. novowater.com jsasales.com

Lindab Products, an international air duct systems manufacturer, has appointed Peppertree Air Solutions as its exclusive representative for Ontario, Quebec and Eastern Canada. Peppertree is located in Richmond Hill, Ontario, and can be reached at 905-771-8898. lindab.com

EMCO to stock Daikin products EMCO Corporation is now offering Daikin air conditioning and heat-pump systems, ranging from single-head systems to whole-building systems with heatrecovery, through its McKeough Supply and Niagara Plumbing divisions, as well as select EMCO locations across Ontario. daikin.com emcoltd.com

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People in the news www.mechanicalbusiness.com PAUL McDONALD (top) has been named general manager of Bradford WhiteCanada, where he most recently held the position of sales director. DAN MILROY (bottom) has been promoted to the position of Canadian sales manager at Bradford White Water Heaters.

Goodman has promoted ED GIZAW (left) to branch manager of its Pickering, Ont., branch. Other new branch managers at Goodman include ERIC LAVOIE (below left) in Ottawa, BRYAN POTKINS (below middle) in Vancouver and SIMON GOSSELIN (below right) in Laval, Que.

CRAIG MCNAB has been appointed manager of commercial products at Watts Water Technologies (Canada), where he’ll oversee the sales of Drainage, BRAE, Orion, BLÜCHER, Powers and Water Quality products throughout Canada.

M e c h a n i c a l

THOMAS HUSEBYE (left) has been named vice-president of sales at Dahl Brothers Canada. Thomas, who was previously Dahl’s vicepresident of new business and product development, will also assume GAYLEN ANDERSON’S (middle) duties. Anderson has started TriSon Sales in Burlington, Ont., and who will continue to serve as an independent sales rep for Dahl. The company has also appointed MARK TRENBETH (right) to the role of OEM sales manager.

Rheem has appointed RON VANHEVEL (left) to the role of HVAC trainer and support technician. Ron brings 24 years of industry experience in residential and commercial HVAC and geothermal equipment, and he will be responsible for training HVAC dealers across Canada. Also new to Rheem is CHRIS HERBERT, (right) who has assumed the role of Canadian HVAC sales manager. ROBERT J. LONGPHEE (right top) of GeoSmart Energy has expanded his role with the company from director of communications and public relations to overseeing national business development. GeoSmart has also appointed SERGE DAOUST (right bottom) to the role of territory manager for Southwestern Ontario. Fluently bilingual, Serge brings more than 20 years of sales, marketing and training experience to he role.

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BILL HARRIS, (top) director of sales for the HVAC division at Wolf Steel, recently announced the appointment of MIKE CANTIN (middle) to the role of Canadian regional sales manager, and the hiring of SCOTT RUSSEL (bottom) as account manager. Mike and Scott will represent both the Napoleon and Continental brands.

DAVID BERGERON (left) has been appointed to the position of operations director at The Master Group. He will be responsible for the Hamilton, East York and Etobicoke branches in Ontario. Also at The Master Group, AJAY MADNANI (right) has been appointed sales director. With a bachelor’s in mechanical engineering and nearly 15 years of experience in HVAC/R, Ajay will lead a team dedicated to developing sales in the Greater Toronto Area.

NextEnergy has promoted ROB HORST to the role of regional sales manager for central and northern Ontario, and Eastern Canada. Rob has been with the company for more than 10 years.

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Profile

Mario Bernardi: Sharing and growing with ClimateCare Although he’s only been with the co-operative for half of its existence, executive director Mario Bernardi is holding true to the goals of the original six HV AC contractors who came together in 1992 to map out an organization that would allow them to retain

Q A

Tell us a little about ClimateCare.

It is a co-operative, so all members are equal partners in the group. Essentially, I have 36 bosses. Our members range in size from about a million dollars in business to about $5 million. What are some of the benefits that members enjoy?

We put together training courses for the members. We have a self-funded group benefits plan. And we have a special purchase plan from an a list of suppliers.

Q A

Who started the group? It started in 1992 as the CEO group – Contractors Executive Organization – with six members. Gearld Inch, Peter LaPosta, Will Barnes, Tim and Dave Shipton, Craig McCarty, and Jim Dinsmore, with Don Crossley from Shoreacres Consulting in Burlington, Ont. They used the Home Hardware model, with a lot of independents coming together as a co-operative. It is run by a board of directors, and there are committees. It really is a member-run organization. It evolved into ClimateCare around 1999-2000.

Photo: David Chidley

their independence while sharing and learning from one another to help them strengthen their respective organizations . We caught up with him as he w as planning the ClimateCare 20th anniversary celebrations, which are set for the end of May.

What are some of the changes that you’ve been part of at the co-operative?

FAST FACTS 1. Mario is a graduate of the communications arts course in radio at Mohawk College. 2. He is very interested in fine wine and cigars. “I don’t have a big wine collection. I keep it manageable – about 50 bottles. I like it too much to not drink it. I’m a big fan of Chilean wines – Chilean and Australian.” 3. Mario is a Montreal Canadiens fan. Growing up, his family received handme-downs from the Mahovlich family, and as a child, he slept in what had been Frank Mahovlich’s crib.

M e c h a n i c a l

BIO Name: Mario Bernardi Company: ClimateCare Co-operative Title: Executive Director Age: 58 Family: Wife Betty-Ann, Children Tristan and Alyssa, Grand-daughter Contessa Resides in: Stoney Creek, Ont. Joined the industry: 2002

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We’ve gone from having two people when we first opened the office to now having a full staff with five people. We have a director of training, a director of marketing, and a purchasing agent. My assistant has evolved into a membership services co-ordinator, and we are hoping to bring on a marketing support person this year.

Q A

What’s next for the organization? The three key pillars of our strategy moving forward are to grow our membership, grow our purchasing and to co-ordinate our marketing. We’ve brought on our own private label equipment. And we now have a trial membership program, where companies can join for one year, and they try us out for a year, and we try them out for a year.

HIGH-EFFICIENCY VALUE! Make certain that the prices you pay for high efficiency HVAC products and systems are not too high! The Goodman® brand offers you high efficiency value and savings regardless of the SEER or AFUE ratings. Take a closer look at the full line of Goodman brand high efficiency HVAC. s¬ Air Conditioners (Up to 18 SEER) s¬ Heat Pumps (Up to 18 SEER / Up to 9.5 HSPF) s¬ Gas Furnaces (Up to 96% AFUE) s¬ Packaged Products (up to 15 SEER) And to make the installation of a high efficiency product or system as easy as we can make it, look no farther than the ComfortNet™ communicating control system. For more high efficiency value, contact your local Goodman brand, distributor or visit www.goodmanmfg.com.

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OTTAWA 613-745-3846

LAVAL 450-681-2220

MONTREAL 450-674-3883

EDMONTON 780-443-3072

BRANTFORD 519-757-0965

E. TORONTO 905-420-4001

VANCOUVER 604-420-1331

LONDON 519-453-1200

THE COOLING REPORT

B y A d am Fr eill

As predictable as the weather “W

ith the incentives expired and the wild weather we ha ve had thus far this year, the cooling season may be as unpredictable as the weather,” reports Bill Harris of Wolf Steel Ltd., parent company of Napoleon HVAC Products. As with last year, the jury is out with regards to how homeowners are going to act as the cooling season kicks fully into gear , but there are some consistencies that are more predictable than the weather. “In the HVAC world, the breakdown of the existing system is the number one trigger that brings a homeowner into the marketplace,” says Gary Clark, senior vice-president of marketing with Goodman Global Group, Inc. If the weather keeps systems off, or on standby, then contractors feel the pinch. “When load hours are reduced, the equipment has a better chance of lasting a bit longer than when heavy load hours are required for cooling.”

Multi-zone heat pump

An early hot spell in some parts of the country did ha ve some in the HVAC community thinking about a long, hot and busy season as those hefty load hours looked to become a reality. “When it gets as warm as it did in March, I get a little excited, because generally early heat will generate some interest in the market,” stated Rusty Jennings, Carrier’s vice-president of residential product. Of course just as homeowners were reaching for the phone to book their annual cooling system checks, the weather took a 180-degree turn and dumped a cold spell on the situation. Despite the hot stuff holding off, there are a lot of systems that were left as potential replacement candidates last year because the weather was not hot enough to pull some homeowners off the fence. Those systems might be prime candidates in the coming months. “High household debt levels are a concern, but we’re convinced the ‘wait-and-see’ marketplace is finally ready to ‘get off the fence’ and start replacing old, inefficient condensing units,” says Rick Little of Johnson Controls, parent company to York and its related brands.

Split-system air conditioner

Variable-speed heat pump

Mitsubishi Electric's MXZ-8B48NA ductless heat pump can connect with up to eight indoor units, controlling up to eight zones. The unit is rated at up to 15 SEER and uses R-410A refrigerant. It provides air flow up to 3,530 cfm. It has a capacity of 48,000 BTUH. Multiple styles of indoor units are available.

The Coleman Comforteer split-system air conditioner uses a coil constructed of aluminum microchannel tubing and enhanced aluminum fins to reduce size and increase efficiency. The unit’s compressors are protected internally by a high-pressure relief valve and a temperature sensor. Its efficiency ranges up to 14.5 SEER and its capacity ranges from 1.5 to 5 tons.

With a heating capacity of 58,500 BTUH and a cooling capacity of 57,000 BTUH, Bryant’s Evolution Extreme variable-speed heat pump (280ANV) is designed to achieve up to 13 HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factor) heating and up to 20.5 SEER cooling. The unit uses a variable-speed compressor.

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C o o l i n g

P r o d u c t s

• I C I s ect o r m o r e co n sist en t buildings as it is to residential customers,” says Goodman’s Gary Clark.

ICI sector more consistent

Gary Clark, Goodman Global Group, Inc.: “While homes may look alike, homeowner living patterns are as different as fingerprints. So dealers must endeavour to make certain to gather as much information about the expectations of the HVAC system as possible from the homeowner.”

Prospects in the ICI realm are a bit more levelheaded. While building owners in that sector still don’t like to spend unnecessarily, and efficiency of new equipment is always a consideration, Rusty Jennings, Carrier there isn’t one Canada: “I like to think that particular time of the a contractor will start with a year that gains undue best, better, good conversation, influence from Mother rather than good, better, best.” Nature.

“I think people, certainly in commercial, are getting more concerned with long-term future cost of service,” adds Szarka, who has an eye on the rising cost of R-22. “Whether it is a heating repair or a cooling repair, it becomes a matter of ‘What’s this going to cost?’”

“It is a pretty steady business year-round,” says Les Szarka, Carrier Canada’s commercial vicepresident. “Certainly, intense weather is going to drive any business, because it taxes equipment, so it will break down more,” but that happens whether the severe weather happens in heating season or cooling season, and he adds that many ICI buildings have internal heat loads all year round, providing consistent repair, maintenance and replacement work.

And building owners are expanding their horizons to look beyond only packaged rooftop equipment. “We have just launched our latest generation of variable refrigerant flow product in our commercial product line,” reports Denis Murphy, manager of commercial air conditioning at LG Electronics Canada, Inc. “The VRF market is expanding rapidly.”

When assessing possible equipment swaps or installs in the sector, cost is a major influence on buying decisions. “Energy efficiency is equally important to commercial

Ductless mini-splits Fujitsu’s RLS2 series of split-system heat pumps includes 9,000, 12,000 and 15,000 BTUH models that range up to 27.2 SEER. The heat pump’s heating mode is operational with outdoor ambient temperatures down to -5°F. The unit’s Halcyon system is designed to recognize when users leave a room and adjust temperature accordingly.

fujitsugeneral.com

The Cooling Report continues on page 22

Split system condenser Napoleon’s central air condenser operates at up to 14 SEER, offering 1.5 to 5 tons of cooling capacity. The unit uses R-410A refrigerant, and it comes equipped with a high-efficiency scroll compressor, factoryinstalled filter dryer and galvanized metal jacket with hail-guard vertical vents.

napoleonheatingandcooling.com

C o o l i n g

Heat pump and air conditioner Carrier’s Infinity series two-stage heat pump and air conditioner features the company’s WeatherShield protection, which includes a galvanized steel cabinet, dual paint coverage and coated coils. The unit achieves a cooling efficiency of up to 16 SEER, and it has a heating capacity of 24,000 to 60,000 BTUH and a cooling capacity of two to five tons.

carrier.com

P r o d u c t s

THE COOLING REPORT CON’T

Trusted experience and expertise.

continued from page 21

Your committed wholesaler. HRAI Wholesaler Members are dedicated to ensuring quality HVACR products are efficiently and cost-effectively made available to contractors. Top 5 reasons to choose an HRAI Wholesaler Member 1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

Targeted resources – Regionally-established business centres to address local market needs. Complete solutions – On-site warehousing and inventory, up-to-date technology, training, credit terms and prompt delivery. Solid relationships – Manufacturer & supplier relationships ensure the needs of contractors are met. Top-quality products – Meet the unique performance requirements of each HVACR system. Industry strength – Support trade-qualified contractors and HRAI contractor members.

Not an HRAI Wholesaler Member?

Canadians not as charged up about R-22 One of the stories making waves in boardrooms across Canada and the U.S. seems to be a bigger issue south of the border than up here. Dry-charged R-22 condensers are offered by several manufacturers, and were thought to be a possible option for some homeowners who were looking to minimize the cost impact of getting an older R-22 air conditioning system back up and running. But the market has yet to show significant uptake north of the 49th parallel. And as the price of R-22 rises as the refrigerant phase-out schedule marches on, the potential of escalating maintenance costs may be stemming the tide of replacement parts. “When you look at the U.S. market, the dry 22 product was pushing 20 per cent of the market. But if you look in Canada, the numbers that I Rick Little, Johnson had were less than one per Controls L.P.: “The key cent of the entire cooling selling point is efficiency level market. I don’t see that of the [whole] system, changing,” says Rusty particularly when the Jennings of Carrier.

equipment being replaced is greater than 20 years old. It's a much harder efficiency sell when only looking at a cooling option.”

There are great benefits to joining our knowledgeable, expert and successful HVACR wholesaler leaders: access to ongoing technical training, industry statistics, association discounts, networking opportunities, industry updates, marketing support and more.

“If it’s more than five per cent of the total market, we would be very surprised,” concurs Rick Little of Johnson Controls L.P.

The Cooling Report continues on page 24

To find an HRAI Wholesaler Memberr Visit:

Cooling Products High-efficiency air conditioner Part of Goodman’s ComfortNet family of communicating units, the DSXC18 features a two-stage compressor and offers efficiencies of up to 18 SEER. The unit, which uses R-410A refrigerant, also comes equipped with a twospeed quiet condenser fan motor and high-density foam compressor sound blanket. The unit is available in 36,000, 48,000 and 60,000 BTUH models.

www.hrai.ca/wholesalermembers.php

The Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada Tel: 905-602-4700

Toll-Free: 1-800-267-2231

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hrai.ca

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goodmanmfg.com

Q: Who can offer plenty of potential for annual savings while providing extra-comfortable cooling.

A: Carrier

Comfort and innovation to the

• Extra-Consistent Comfort The Infinity® series air conditioners with two-stage scroll compressor run on low-stage up to 80% of the time to maintain consistent comfort. Two-stage operation also contributes to reduced energy usage, helping achieve up to 21.0 SEER cooling efficiency. • Environmentally Sound Refrigerant Carrier® led the industry by incorporating non-ozonedepleting Puron® refrigerant into air conditioners back in 1996. Millions of Puron refrigerant units in operation today are a testament to the reliability, durability and enduring quality of these products. • Maximum Comfort and Peace of Mind By combining the intuitive Infinity control with the Infinity control board in the air conditioner itself, Carrier puts maximum comfort at your fingertips. Visit www.carrier.ca for more information.

degree.

b y A d Products am Fr eill Cooling

THE COOLING REPORT continued from page 22

Air conditioning art panel

Looking at, and beyond, efficiency Efficiency levels of equipment are still marching upward, and there are several reasons for that, and only one of them is a reduced energy bill. “It is going to be interesting over the next five years. Builders are already saying they need smaller equipment and smaller ductwork,” says Rusty Jennings. “I’ve been asked if we make a one-ton air conditioner.”

Norm Mierkalns, LG Electronics Canada Inc.: “Today’s consumers are much more knowledgeable with access to the internet. The key is to listen to the consumer needs and address the best fit.”

Jennings is predicting a lot of traction for inverter technology, which is already available in the marketplace. It provides for variable capacity systems, and helps reduce the overall size of products.

Les Szarka, Carrier Canada: “Just offering choices, it is amazing how many people will purchase that better, more efficient product. And rebates still go a long way.” “High efficiency systems are certainly the best choice for long-term comfort, convenience, and economy for homeowners,” says Gary Clark.

The LG Art Cool air conditioner and heat pump is a combination art panel and cooling unit. The device features a self-cleaning indoor coil designed to drive dirt and moisture from the coil surface, and electronically controlled louvers and fan speeds create a natural air flow. Its auto operation automatically sets air conditioner temperature and fan speed for three levels of comfort. Its cooling capacity is 12,000 BTUH, and it has a SEER rating of 13.

lg.com

Two-stage air conditioner The Tempstar SmartComfort TXT+ is a two-stage air conditioner equipped with 7 mm copper tubing with aluminum fin coils. It has a sound blanket to help reduce noise levels. The galvanized steel cabinet has a coated inlet grille with narrow spacing for added protection. Its efficiency ranges up to 17 SEER, and its capacity ranges fr om two to five tons.

tempstar.com

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M e c h a n i c a l

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REFRIGERATION

CFC

B y A d am Fr eill

CHILLERS

A NO-GO IN ONTARIO

he use of CFC-based chillers and refrigeration equipment with total capacities in excess of 22kW was made illegal in Ontario this past January, but that does not mean that all of thi s equipment has left the marketplace, which could put some contractors in a difficult spot with their customers. Ontario Regulation 463/10, which bans the start-up, use or refill of large refrigeration equipment and chillers, is part of the province’s Environmental Protection Act and came into force on January 1, 2012.

“Extensions are not in the Ontario regulation at all. As of January the 1st of this year, they are not supposed to be operating any CFC chillers,” explained HRAI president Warren Heeley during a recent interview. “Contractors who start-up or maintain CFC chillers can be fined under the terms of the regulation and the Ontario EPA.”

M e c h a n i c a l

B u s i n e s s

Contractors are as liable, and subject to the same fines, as their customers, and the fines are significant. The Ontario EPA allows for up to a $500,000 fine, per day, for non-compliance, and individuals who have a history of char ges under the Act can face jail time. “The Environmental Protection Act covers a whole range of different environmental regulations, so they have a general pool of fine situations they can use,” explains HRAI’s Warren Heeley. There is some discretion in the laying of penalties, but it is in a contractor’s best interest to show that they are trying to play on the right side of the law. Unfortunately, this can put contractors in a tough spot with some customers, who might threaten to pull business from a contractor not willing to top-up or start-up a system covered under the regulation. If faced with a request to ignore the regulation, “the contractor is to say no, and then let the ministry know that he’s had that conversation,” says Heeley.

Unlike most other jurisdictions in the country whose CFC phase-out schedules for this equipment tend to be refill bans that will come into effect in 2015, the Ontario regulation is an outright ban. One other province, Manitoba, is also going with a CFC use ban rather than a refill ban, but its regulation banning the use of CFCbased chillers has a January 1, 2015 implementation date. While refill extensions are available in other parts of the country, where CFC chillers are targeted for conversion or replacement during major overhauls, there are no exemptions available under the Ontario regulation.

A POTENTIALLY FINE MESS

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“That’s going to be tough for some with their customers, but on the other hand, if it does run and somebody else r eports it, and the ministry finds out the contractor did work on it, that contractor can be fined equally as the owner could be.”

BANS OUTSIDE OF ONTARIO “Keep in mind, the 2015 date is a refill ban in most other jurisdictions, so if they come up to 2015 and they still have a CFC-based chiller, they can still run it,” says Warren Heeley. “But the minute it breaks down or loses refrigerant, they can’t refill it with refrigerant.”

even exchange

Honeywell has solutions to replace R-22. The pressure is on to phase out R-22. Now is the perfect time to switch T tto a Honeywell Genetron non-ozone-depleting alternative for your A/C or refrigeration application. For A/C, consider Genetron ® 407C or 422D. For Refrigeration, consider Genetron® Performax™ LT, Genetron 422D, 404A or 5 507. Talk to your Honeywell distributor today to understand your options and hand-pick the R-22 replacements that will work for you. h

Brenntag Canada Inc. Exclusive distributor of Genetron® refrigerants in Canada Ontario & Western Canada: Tel. No. (416) 243-9615 Fax: (416) 243-9731 Quebec & Maritime Provinces: Tel. No. (514) 636-9230 Fax: (514) 636-8229 To learn more, visit www.genetron.com. © 2012 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.

PLUMBING

Rainier Bratsch-Blundel is a plumbing professor and the Plumbing and Steamfitting programs coordinator for apprenticeship and skilled trades at George Brown College. He is also the vice-president of the Ontario Plumbing Inspectors Association and publishes a version of the Ontario Plumbing Code with an extensive illustrated appendix at orderline.com. He can be contacted at rblundel@georgebrown.ca, or visit OPIA online at www.opia.info.

B y Ra i ni e r B r a t s c h B l unde l

KEEPING GAS OUT AT THE TRAP T

rap seal primers are a special plumbing device used to maintain a minimum level of water in the trap of floor drains, hub drains, garage sumps and running hand hole traps serving gang trapped floor drains. The trap seal primer is needed since such fixtures do not receive regular waste water flow. The requirement of a trap seal primer is determined by the plumbing and building codes used in the region in which the plumbing system is being installed. In the national code, it can be found in section 2.4.5.5 of the 2010 NPC. In British Columbia and Ontario, trap seals are addressed in section 7.4.5.5. These codes state that provision shall be made for maintaining the trap seal of a floor drain by: the use of a trap seal primer; using the drain as a receptacle for an indirectly connected drinking fountain; or other equally effective means. This basically means that a trap seal primer is the best choice, but the clear water waste from a drinking fountain going to the floor drain is acceptable. The third option could be many things, from a continuous HVAC condensate line to a waste water drain from a reverse osmosis filter system. There are two categories of trap seal primers, those using a diverted flow arrangement, and mechanical options. With a diverted flow arrangement, a tapping on a two-handle faucet allows water to flow to the primer tube upon use of the faucet. An alternate version of this uses a tapping on the flush tube of a valve type water closet. Every time the flushometer is used, water is allowed to flow to the primer tube. continued on page 30

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SIZING THE PRIMER All plumbing systems must be sized based on usage, but the size of a primer is debateable. In Ontario, the only code restriction on size is when a mechanical device is used under the Ontario Building Code. Section 7.4.5.5.(2) of the 2006 OBC states, “Where a mechanical device is installed to furnish water to a trap, the pipe or tube conveying water from the device to the trap shall be at least 3/8 in. inside diameter.” Even though this states a mechanical device needs a 3/8” pipe to serve a primer, smaller tubes are often used to supply individual floor drains, and much larger sizes are used to supply multiple primer tubes. The best solution is to make use of manufacturer’s specifications to determine necessary flow rates.

11, 68 0

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PLUMBING continued from page 28

Join The Green Scene

Mechanical options to prime a trap are varied. An inline primer can serve one or a few primer lines. When a fixture is used on that line a disc shifts, which allows a small amount of water to be diverted to the primer line. A drip device allows a small amount of water to enter the primer tube continuously. Or a timer solenoid can be used in a control panel with a header to send a large flow of water to multiple primer lines. And another mechanical option would be to use a urinal siphon tank that drains into a header serving many trap seal primers.

MAINTENANCE AND SOLUTIONS Like all plumbing systems, the use of a trap seal primer should be checked yearly. Unfortunately, most customers wait until dangerous sewer gases enter the building. There are a number of low-tech fixes that can be used when something goes wrong with the trap seal primer. A monthly litre of water, poured into the floor drain, will replenish the trap seal – anyone who lives in an old house knows this as part of their ongoing maintenance routine.

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WATCO

The Bath Drain Company WATCO MANUFACTURING COMPANY 1220 South Powell Road, Independence, MO 64057-2724 Phone 816-796-3900 • FAX 816-796-0875 www.watcomfg.com A Division of WCM Industries, Inc.

M e c h a n i c a l

HOW A TRAP SEAL PRIMER WORKS A small tube is connected above a trap that is susceptible to having its water evaporate. Through the use of the primer, a small amount of water is delivered from a reliable source, such as a two-handle faucet or a mechanical priming device.

A GREEN OPTION? There is a growing movement across the country to use recycled nonpotable water from greywater and rainwater sources to prime floor drains, and also to flush urinals and water closets.

There are also devices on the market that can be used to close the top of the floor drain above the trap seal to prevent dangerous sewer gas from entering the building, but such devices must be approved by the authority having jurisdiction before being installed. This device also needs a permanent label to be installed on the grate and can restrict flow through the floor drain itself.

B u s i n e s s

Presently, the 2006 OBC allows for all of this in section 7.1.5.3. (2). “Storm sewage or greywater that is free of solids may be used for the flushing of water closets, urinals or the priming of traps.” The 2010 NPC does not make a mention of primer tubes in section 2.7.4.1. (2), however. “Non-potable water systems shall only be used to supply water closets, urinals, and directly connected underground irrigation systems that only dispense water below the surface of the ground.” 0 6 . 1 2

PLUMBING The Oasis Kalix point-of-use water cooler uses Philips InstantTrust UV technology to instantly disinfect drinking water on-demand. The model treats both hot and cold water and is designed to produce 40 six-ounce cups per hour. It has a 1.42-litre hot-water tank, and its 500-watt element can be replaced on site for ease of maintenance.

www. oasiscoolers.com

Powersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; TempTAP thermostatic faucet uses a paraffin actuator for temperature and pressure control, while a single-lever cartridge with integral ceramic discs provides temperature and volume control. The faucets are available in standard and gooseneck styles, and low-flow models from 0.5 to 1.5 gpm are available.

powerscontrols.ca

Wiloâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Stratos-Z is a glandless circulation pump designed for domestic hot water recirculation applications. It comes equipped with an EC motor with automatic power adjustment and offers variable installation position options. The unit uses a corrosion-resistant pump housing made of red brass for systems with potential oxygen entry.www.

www. wilo.com

The Gen-Eye Vista video inspection system allows troubleshooting of 3" to 10" lines with a full-size reel or 2" to 4" lines with a minireel. The system includes a DVD recorder and SD card reader, and can record video or still images on both devices simultaneously. It comes equipped with an 8" LCD colour monitor and full keyboard. The unit and all components are contained in a padded case that can be mounted on a reel.

The Delta Fuse is a single-handle pull-down kitchen faucet built with a high-arc spout that swivels 360 degrees for complete sink access. The faucet has a two-function wand that toggles from spray to stream and uses a docking magnet to keep the spray head locked in position. Its flow rate is 1.8 gpm at 60 psi, and it fits one- or three-hole eight-inch installations.

www. drainbrain.com 32

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www. deltafaucet.ca B u s i n e s s

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TRAINING

B y Nico le S h ep h er d Nicole Shepherd is a member of the corporate communications team at SAIT Polytechnic. She can be reached at advising@sait.ca.

Taking

APPRENTICESHIP B

DIGITAL

y 2014, Alberta will have to replace an estimated 16 per cent of its construction workforce. To help address this looming worker shortage, SAIT Polytechnic in Calgary is exploring new options in the tr aining of skilled tradespeople, including the introduction of a blended learning progr am for plumbing apprentices.

The program allows students to design their own class schedules . Apprentices perform hands-on lab work in SAIT’s state-of-the-art facilities while studying the theory portion of their training online, on their own time and at their own pace. This digital delivery of much of the tr aining material means apprentices can remain on the job for longer periods while still completing their progr am.

While apprentices are not in class, instructors are still available to offer assistance. Students can call or email their questions and will hear back within a few hours. Apprentices can also ask questions during their one-on-one time with instructors in on-campus labs. All content included in the blended learning format is identical to the content offered in the full-time, in-class programs.

John Swan, owner of Triple J Mechanical in Calgary, Alberta, says it’s been a blessing to keep his apprentice Rob Milton on the job. “Time is valuable,” says the journeyman plumber, who has mentored at least a dozen apprentices over his career. “I own a busy, successful business and having my apprentice in the blended learning program means I lose him for less time.

Independent, but not alone

Students make use of interactive, on-screen training modules, like this one looking at a simple zoning system.

“I had a job in Drumheller at the penitentiary and it required a security check. I only had myself and my apprentice approved. If I would have lost him for two months to do his schooling, I would have had to do the job myself.” Milton, a third year apprentice and father of three , says the financial and family life benefits have been enormous. “You’re not losing at least 50 per cent of your wage because you’re on E.I. Taking this program has enabled me to keep a full pay cheque coming home. It was nice to still be able to take my kids to the zoo and do other family outings.” Second and third year plumbing apprenticeship programs are currently available through the blended learning option.

THE NEXT GENERATION OF APPRENTICESHIP The online study materials for SAIT’s blended learning apprenticeship programs are a long way from the standard textbook. Interactive graphics, animations and videos complement reading modules to help make theory easier to understand. Online practice questions prepare apprentices for their training quality standard exams. “The multimedia in the blended program was a nice feature to have,” says Milton of his experience using the materials. “If you missed or didn’t understand something you could easily rewind or skip backwards to go through things again. It really helps the information sink in.” According to Milton, a basic knowledge of computers and an internet connection is all you need to complete the online learning modules. “It’s very user-friendly.”

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Don’t got it? Don’t sweat it. That’s our job. * 1 ÊUÊ 6 ÊUÊ 9 ," -ÊUÊ 1-/, Ê Why do so many contractors bring their business to Noble? It’s more than just our incredible selection of leading brands and over 1.5 million square feet of warehouse space. It’s more than just our growing branch network, 50+ so far, and our expanding delivery service. It’s even ÀiÊÌ > Ê ÕÀÊ n¯Êw ÊÀ>Ìi°Ê ÕÃÌ iÀÃÊV ÃiÊÕÃÊLiV>ÕÃiÊÌ iÞÊ Üo Noble will do what it takes – whatever it takes – to get our customers the parts, equipment and supplies they need. That’s the Noble difference.

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Marketing

Doug MacMillan is president of The Letter M Marketing in Guelph, Ont. To reach him, email doug@thelettermmarketing.com.

with DOUG MACMILLAN

Should I be using

ay YouTube and people’s minds immediately leap to videos of cats and terrible song parodies . But there is a growing case that it is also a great tool for small businesses. Mechanical contractors have a lot to gain from engaging current and potential customers through online videos. It’s a great way to position yourself as an expert. There are lots of small household tasks that homeowners (and contractors) would much rather homeowners did by themselves. Some helpful, how-to videos can make you a hero without even w alking in the door. These videos are a perfect way to bring in new customers without resorting to the same old marketing gimmicks. Sharing information for free may not seem like a recipe for revenue, but customers will remember the contractor who shared information freely when it comes time to pull out their w allet to replace their furnace or faucet. This is a chance to have some fun with your staff and your marketing. The culture of YouTube is lighthearted. Creating videos that show your company’s personality can help you step out of the crowd and into the limelight. A funny, warm video is a memorable thing – the kind of memorable thing that people remember when it comes time to choose a contr actor. The HVAC and plumbing marketplace is crowded. This isn’t going to change anytime soon. Being willing to step out of the shadows and trying something new is a great way to put your company in the spotlight.

Making the most of the medium If you are thinking about becoming the mechanical trades’ own Spielberg, here are some things to keep in mind:

1 36

Learn the medium – Getting good at using YouTube is the same as getting good at almost anything. You need to learn the medium. How do you do that? If you ar e going to make how-to videos, watch how-to videos. Look for ones that have a lot of views. Try and understand what makes them interesting. M e c h a n i c a l

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2 3

Be brief, but be frequent – YouTube viewers

have a relatively short attention span. Not very many people are going to watch a three hour film on furnace filters. Keep your videos under two minutes. The upside to short videos is they give you the ability to post more frequently. For each video, think quality over length. Then repeat.

Be authentic – The internet is based largely on the consensus of the crowd. That means funny, interesting and genuine content gets more views. Be less concerned with production values, and more

focused on being comfortable and authoritative in front of the camera. Don’t expect this process to happen overnight. It may take you a few videos before you find what works for you and your views start to increase. It takes some trial and error, so stick with it.

4 5 6 7

Promote – If you build it, they will come, right? Wrong. Create a link on your website to your YouTube channel. Promote your videos in email blasts and newsletters. Make sure you talk up the how-to videos with customers. It’s a great way to end service calls: Remind the homeowners that they can see helpful how-to videos on your YouTube channel. With millions of new YouTube videos created every day, you have to be your own promoter. Engage – Each YouTube video has a space

for comments. Do not be afraid. Engage with users who comment on your video. Take their suggestions. Use those suggestions and questions as fodder for future videos. Negative comments will surely arise (it is the internet, after all). Roll with them. Use them as an opportunity to show you are an approachable, customer-focused company with a sense of humour and openness.

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Monitor – YouTube data can be invaluable in

your marketing efforts. Make sure to monitor the data generated by your videos. This information can have many uses: creating new videos, guiding ad development, and improving your SEO. Monitoring is also where you will catch comments on your videos and flag them for response.

Balancing Valve

Combination Strainer/ Drain/Ball Valve

Stick with it – Unless you can arrange for Justin Bieber to tweet about your videos, you won’t become an internet superstar overnight. Getting and growing your viewership takes time.

Improve your ranking The online world is ruled by data. Frequent new content is one of the key things sear ch engines like Google look for when they ar e calculating sear ch results. YouTube’s built-in analytics also give you data that can help guide futur e advertising, and video “tagging” to maximize your viewership.

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HYDRONICS

B y R ick B r in damour

Hydraulic Separation:

Rick Brindamour is product manager for flow controls at T aco, Inc. He can be reached at ricbri@taco-hvac.com.

An affair of hydronic perfection

he hydraulic separator, or decoupler, is a simple device that permits co-mingling of the primary and secondary circuits while also eliminating problems. It uses a common pipe between the primary and secondary circuits to create a place of low pressure loss where fluid from the circuits can blend and unite, or separate, as the system requires. Hydraulic separators, also referred to as low-loss hydronic headers, provide a pressure drop between the supply-and-return connections. Ultimately, the body of water between the connections serves as a hydraulic separator between the boiler or heat source and the load circuits. Their purpose is to connect the secondary circuit to the primary loop , yet in a way that neutralizes any tendency to influence flow in the secondary circuit or vice versa. This is achieved by installing the two Ts of the separator as close together as possible to achieve a zero pressure drop between them. The path of least resistance for the (primary) water is through the separator rather then through the secondary circuit. With no pressure differential between the connections, there’s virtually

USING THE

no tendency for flow to develop in the secondary circuit, even though flow is moving through the primary circuit. So it makes sense that the secondary and primary circuits are said to be “hydraulically separated.” The proportions of a hydraulic separator are important. Most use a 1:3 ratio between the piping connection size and the diameter of the vertical cylinder. This additional volume of water allows the unit to act as a thermal buffer tank. Hydraulic separators, or low-loss headers, are gaining a significant following with system designers looking for optimal performance from low-temperature, multi-zone hydronic systems.

sweet spot

DOUBLE

The function of a hydro separator is critical for the current generation of high head, low-mass condensing boiler installations because it provides a safe-haven for interconnecting multiple circuits with varying flow-rates and head-loss.

DUTY DOUBLE

A hydro-sep’s “sweet spot” is within a piped system when the sour ce of heat is a low-mass boiler, and micro-zoning BTUH loads fall well below minimum firing rates for modulating burners. A hydro-separator offers additional thermal mass to minimize short cycling when micro-zones are calling for comfort. And they can also be an ideal companion when a buffer tank is installed. The key challenge, of course, is that low-mass boilers have no place to put lar ge heat inputs. If improperly sized, this can lead to the over-firing of a complete building load and then, as a result, hammering and sizzling – with or without a good bypass. If the system uses a 300,000 BTUH copper-tube boiler, there better be a safe place to direct 230,000 BTUH. You don't want 70,000 BTUH going into an indir ect water heater with all the other zones shut off in the summer unless you have some means to anticipate tube overheating. With the use of a hydro separator, it is assumed that there will be multi-zones, so only part of the input will be necessary. It’s also assumed that the installer understands the need to pipe the system to handle part loads when only one, or only a few, zones are open. The essence of this concern is the danger of too much heat being for ced into a system that’s ill-equipped to handle it. Simply-controlled, low mass boilers work well when applied to large masses such as wide open, single-zone systems with sufficient baseboard or panel radiation to emit the input, or with radiantly-heated slabs that can absorb it.

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The separator can also be used as a thermal buffer tank. In today’s world, HVAC equipment like boilers and chillers is being manufactured with less and less water volume. This is partially to achieve higher efficiencies, but it also tends to reduce manufacturing costs. The downside of this trend is potential short cycling of the equipment. The solution is to install a buffer tank to provide more thermal inertia in the system. A hydraulic separator can be manufactured to provide dual functions, more water volume for thermal buffering, as well as hydraulic separation. continued on page 40

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HYDRONICS

3 combinations of FLOW and

D E S I G NI NG T H E S Y S T E M Single pipe series primary loops operate at their best when two or mor e secondary loads operate at different supply temperatures. In a heating system, the basic principle is to connect the higher-temp secondary circuits near the beginning of the primary loop and the lower-temp secondary circuits toward the end.

TEMPERATURE

In a cooling system you would do the opposite, connect the lower temperatur e secondary circuits at the beginning and the higher temperatur e circuits at the end. This design can be used to increase the temperature drop along the primary loop, reducing flow rate. An added benefit is that it may also permit a r eduction of the size of the primary loop’s piping, and circulator(s). Sensible modifications to this basic design will accommodate any number of secondary circuits, permitting them to operate at similar supply temperatur es. The engineering is smart and the time saved with the use of a hydr o-separator generally makes up for the unit’s cost. The devices, which come in a range of sizes, ar e attached to hydronic heating or chilled water systems to permit different heat adjustments for separate, multiple zones when there is only one boiler or chiller. The technology can easily be designed into any type of hydronic circuit, offering a low pressure loss zone where fluids enter and depart freely. This enables both primary and secondary cir cuits to be hydraulically independent of one another.

Primary and secondary flow are equal.

The beauty of buffers Modulating boilers can adjust downward to supply small matching loads. However, oneor two-stage burner input can easily exceed indirect water heater-only loads, especially in summer months and staggered zone-opening loads. For installations like these, the use of a buffer tank is recommended, ideally with a coil inside for domestic water, adding valuable mass to the water loop during operation of single or two-stage boilers.

Primary flow is more than secondary flow.

Sufficient water mass permits some additional time for the controls to sense and shut down the burner, then absorb the exchanger’s heat.

Primary flow is less than secondary flow.

THE UN-COUPLING A hydraulic separator’s connections have one purpose in life: to decouple all secondary cir cuits to a common primary. This has been described as the function that “uncouples” the primary and secondary cir cuits, allowing several circulators the ability to coexist within the same system without interfering with each other . With primary/secondary piping, the ability to isolate system cir cuits makes it relatively easy to design sophisticated multi-load systems with little concern about how flow rates and pr essure drops will change as various circulators turn on and off. This is a big advantage because, otherwise, circuits compete in a tug-of-war with each other for water pr essure within the system.

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1. Concentric Termination Kits (PVC & CPVC) 2", 3" & NEW 4" diameters

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HYDRONIC Magnetic dirt separator Caleffi’s Dirtmag Magnetic Dirt separator is designed to separate and remove ferrous oxide particles from hydronic systems. The separator can be used without dropping system pressure or stopping a system’s operation. It is available in one-inch to two-inch sizes with threaded or sweat connections, and it eliminates particles down to 5µm.

www. caleffi.com

Tankless hydronic boiler The Noritz NH 150-DV offers a flow capacity of 14 gallons per minute with a three-speed Grundfos circulator. Sized from 55,500 to 150,000 BTUH, the unit offers nine temperature settings ranging from 140°F to 180°F and a thermal efficiency of 83 per cent. It also comes equipped with an outdoor reset control.

www. noritz.com

Circulator pump The Grundfos Alpha circulator pump features a permanent magnet motor design. The unit has a top flow rate of 22 GPM and a maximum working pressure of 150 PSI, and is available in stainless steel and cast-iron models with integrated power cord or hard wire options.

www. grundfos.ca

Energy-efficient radiator The Jaga Linea Plus radiator has a maximum surface temperature of 43°C, even at a water temperatures of 90°C. Its design allows for pipes and vents to be completely hidden behind its front panel and cabinet, and it’s available as a freestanding or wall unit in more than 25 colour choices.

Low-emission hydronic boiler Fulton’s Vantage Hydronic Boiler has an output of 6,000,000 BTUH and offers thermal efficiencies up to 99 per cent when firing on natural gas or 91 per cent when operating on #2 oil. The boiler can operate in condensing mode when firing on B-100 bio-diesel and also can operate on a variety of digester gases. The unit emits less than 9 ppm NOx.

www. jaga-canada.com

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The Murelle HE provides domestic hot water on demand and central heating in one compact unit. Wall hung for the ultimate in space efficiency, this fully modulating unit comes complete with built-in circulator, expansion tank and air eliminator and is up to 97% (condensing) efficient. Known worldwide as “The Intelligent Combi”, the Murelle HE is multi-zone capable, features a solar-ready PCB board and hosts a stainless steel heat exchanger covered by a 10-year warranty. PVC vent pipe approved, this contractor-friendly combi boiler is A.S.M.E and Energy Star certified. Call us today, or visit us online, for more information.

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What: CMX/CIPHEX Show 2012 Who: Presented by CIPH & HRAI Where: Metro Toronto Convention Centre When: Thursday March 22 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Saturday March 24 Attendees: 14,400 (including exhibitors) Exhibitors: 500

Galas and Goals in T.O. More than 14,000 industry professionals hit Toronto for the biennial CMX/CIPHEX show in Mar ch. From learning forums, seminars and roundtables, plus the latest innovations from 500 exhibitors on the show floor, there was something for everyone in the mechanical trades. As with pr evious editions of the show, the event kicked off with a gala event in support of Habitat for Humanity Canada. At the show itself, Canadian hockey icon Paul Henderson pr oved to be a fan favourite, sharing stories and signing autographs on Saturday morning. 2

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1. The man who scor ed the biggest goal in Canadian hockey history , Paul Henderson, shares stories from the ’72 Summit Series against the Russians. 2. CIPH chairman Kevin Fullan (left) and CIPH president Ralph Suppa (right) receive a commemorative gift on behalf of the or ganization from Stewart Har dacre, president and CEO of Habitat for Humanity Canada. 3. Bill Palamar and his wife Laurie greeted friends and guests to a special Aqua-T ech Sales & Marketing event. 4. Paul Henderson signs magazines for Mechanical Business readers. 5. HRAI president Warren Heeley and show manager Patrick Shield make the draw for the Nissan NV van. Ron Whaling fr om Ron Whaling Plumbing in St. Paul’ s, Ont., was the winner (check out his pictur e on page 8). 6. Holding the hot hand. TurboTorch business manager Dwight Einwechter demonstrates a few thermal properties of the Torch Shield. 7. CIPH chairman Kevin Fullan and HRAI chair Ron Robinson officially cut the ribbon to open the show. 8. Chris Thompson, business development manager at Pr oject Innovations, discusses gr eywater. 9. Andrew Portelli, a Heating System T echnician student at Geor ge Brown College, bites down on his gold medal fr om the post-secondary skills competition. 10. Nuno Duarte, an associate with Stantec Consulting, talks geothermal. 11. Suresh Parmachand, senior marketing manager with Uponor Canada, helps intr oduce the company’s marketing campaign. 12. Garth Denison (left) and Dan Sorochan, the newest inductees into the HVACR Heritage Centre Canada Hall of Fame. 13. Martin Dubé echoed everyone fr om Cher to Billy Joel as he entertained the industry during the CIPH Gala Evening in support of Habitat for Humanity Canada. 14. CMX/CIPHEX 2012 show committee chair David Morden of Morden National Sales and Marketing Inc.

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CLEANER HEAT 2012

Recognizing excellence

June 12-13, 2012 Mont Tremblant, Quebec

COHA’s taking charge of change The oil heat industry is changing. From new equipment developments like condensing oil-fired boilers, to new tank requirements, to advanced certified training opportunities, the oil sector is facing many changes, and the Canadian Oil Heat Association is tackling them head-on at Cleaner Heat 2012, its annual industry symposium. The event, working under the theme, “Taking charge of change,” is being held at the Fair mont Tremblant in Mont Tremblant, Que., from June 11 to 13, and will feature industry speakers, networking hospitality suites, the association’s annual general meeting, and an exhibitor showcase. Seminar topics will include profiting from a serviceoriented business plan, digital marketing strategies for the oil heat sector, and results from “Retire your tank,” a program sponsored by COHA in 2011. www.coha.ca

Back by popular demand, COHA is once again recognizing individuals and companies that have demonstrated leadership and service excellence in the oil heat industry with its annual Delivering the Goods award program. Since the inception of the Delivering the Goods program, more than 50 individuals and/or organizations have been recognized by the Canadian Oil Heat Association for their outstanding achievements. To qualify for nomination, an individual or company must be extremely active in their community, work with local charities, and provide outstanding customer service. The awards will be presented at a special Jonathan Beckett (middle) and the 2011 luncheon on Delivering the Goods award winners. Wednesday, June 13.

Retiring tanks The Canadian Oil Heat Association’s Retire Your Tank program was quite successful. In a sneak peek at the summary discussion presented at Cleaner Heat, it was revealed that more than 1,200 single-wall steel tanks were replaced in Nova Scotia, and another 571 in Prince Edward Island.

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Keeping systems in

OPTIMAL SHAPE F

or a technician, the best time to help a customer save a few dollars and reduce their impact on the environment is during the annual maintenance trip. The customer is expecting their equipment to be tuned up for the coming heating season, but there’s a nice win-win opportunity that might happen by expanding the tune-up to include an evaluation of the entire system.

THE TUNE UP When you’re conducting a tune-up of existing oil-burning equipment, the oil burner is a good first stop. Does the firing rate match the rating plate of the appliance? Is it over-fired? Is the nozzle the correct spray pattern and angle for the appliance? If these specifications are not right, the appliance could be burning more fuel than necessary, and the combustion gases may not be as clean as they should be. The amount of fresh combustion air that is needed for efficient combustion is something that should be looked at as well. If ther e is not enough combustion air the unit could be “choking” for air, producing incomplete combustion.

A 1/8” (3 mm) layer of soot can reduce heat transfer through the heat exchanger to the heating medium, air or water, by eight per cent.

The CSA B139 installation code for oil-burning equipment should be used to determine the sizing for these very specific requirements. If an oil burner has been set up properly, there should be no soot (unburned carbon), but if there is some present, this is the time to clean it up. The use of a digital combustion analyzer over the traditional wet kit will increase the accuracy of the combustion readings. Instead of just getting a snapshot of the products of combustion, it is possible to see them in real time. Settings can be tweaked them to pin-point accuracy. The days of adjusting the flame by eye, let’s face it, are gone.

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Start with the oil-fired equipment itself. If the unit is old, or in need of an upgrade, there are many models of Energy Star-qualified furnaces or boilers to choose from. Some condensing models will even achieve combustion efficiencies around 97 per cent.

B u s i n e s s

And the annual inspection is a good time to do a heat-loss calculation, especially if one was never done before. Some appliances are considerably oversized for the heat-loss of the house, which could be causing issues with the entire heating system.

If the customer has an older boiler they might w ant to consider a small low-mass boiler and a separ ate indirect hot water storage tank. A cold start boiler can be used to heat water on a demand, and outdoor reset will allow the boiler temperature to increase on a curve with the outside temperature, both money-saving options. If they have a warm air furnace, why not suggest a condensing model with an ECM motor to increase cost sa ving and reduce GHG emissions? Just by taking a few extra minutes during the annual tune-up and educating the customer on very simple ways to increase system efficiency, we can all win. The customer saves money, we have a happy customer, and we help decrease the impact we ha ve on the environment.

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• Th e t u n e u p • C h eck t h e t an k • U p gr ad e aler t

CHECK THE TANK The fuel containment system should also be looked at during the annual service call. Some very simple upgrades and good practices will greatly reduce the risk of a release of product and the subsequent impact to the environment and in our insurance premiums. The Canadian Oil Heat Association (COHA) recommends inside installations whenever possible. Non-corrosive tanks, double-wall tanks, and doublebottom tanks are options for outside installs. For inside installations, spill containment trays under the tank and the burner are cheap and easy to install, and are very effective. They may contain a leak fr om a pump seal or fitting. Another practice that has to be done is tank maintenance. Tanks need to be checked for water and sludge. Changing the filters once a year keeps a clean supply of fuel going to the nozzle. Even a small piece of sludge can lodge itself in the nozzle causing pour combustion. Preventive thinking is always the best when dealing with fuel storage.

UPGRADE ALERT Programmable thermostats are a great way to improve overall system efficiency. Why have customers heat their homes when they’re not in them? Thermostat technology is advancing rapidly. Why not use these advancements to your customer’s advantage? Existing older-style thermostats should also be checked to make sure the heat anticipators are set to avoid short cycling of the burner, or having the customer feel uncomfortable.

Sean Hiscock is an instructor in the Oilheat Systems T echnician program at Nova Scotia Community College in Dartmouth, N.S. He can be reached at sean.hiscock@nscc.ca.

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OIL Bradford White-Canada’s residential centre flue oil-fired water heater comes equipped with a flexible stainless steel flue baffle and an electronic aquastat controller with a seven-segment troubleshooting LED display. The unit’s dielectric waterway fittings and two protective anode rods protect against against corrosion. Its capacity ranges from 32 to 50 gallons.

www. bradfordwhite.com

Roth's Double-Wall Oil Tank combines an outer tank made of leak-proof, weld-free galvanized steel that’s roll-seamed with an oil- and fire-resistant seal, and an inner tank made of blow-moulded high-density, seamless polyethylene. The tank also features an optical leak alarm. Tank capacities range from 100 to 400 litres.

www. roth-canada.com The Conforto CHE condensing high-efficiency oil-fired furnace from Granby has an AFUE rating of 95.7%. The unit has an input of 76,670 BTUH and an output of 73,000 BTUH. It features a quick-heat non-refractory stainless steel combustion chamber and secondary heat exchanger.

www. granbyindustries.com

Kerr’s Paradigm condensing oil-fired furnace is designed to deliver steady-stage efficiencies of up to 97 per cent and has an AFUE rating of 95.4%. The unit’s output ranges from 66,500 to 98,000 BTUH. Features include an electronically commutating motor.

www. granbyindustries.com 50

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Beckett’s RFG residential oil burner has a capacity of 0.4 to 3 gph with 56,000 to 420,000 BTUH input. It uses No. 1 or No. 2 heating oil and is available with a single-stage or two-stage fuel unit. The burner features a onepiece flame retention head and an air guide that channels air uniformly.

www. beckettcanada.ca

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Sheet Metal Venting OEM & Custom Manufacturing Solutions

Celebrating 40 years as a leading manufacturer of sheet metal and venting products. This year marks a significant milestone for Don Park, celebrating 40 years of manufacturing sheet metal and venting products for the residential and commercial HVAC market. With a renewed focus in service and product development, we will continue to introduce specialized sheet metal solutions to meet our customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs today and tomorrow.

www.donpark.com

HIGH PERFORMANCE HVAC

B y Go r d Cooke

Getting proper performance from your ductwork O

OVER SIZED

UNDER PERFORMING

A large, but very good, production builder committed to building Energy Starqualified homes called me to help resolve a comfort complaint in a two-storey 2,400 sq. ft. home. Despite the fact that the home has an excellent, top-of-the-line three-stage, 95 per cent efficient furnace with a variable speed fan motor, and ductwork that has been sealed on all main plenum and br anch line fittings in the basement level – in accordance with Energy Star requirements – the homeowner is very concerned about unequal temperatures between the first and second floor. The homeowner’s comment to me was that it just didn’t seem right that in what is supposed to be an energy efficient home the second floor w as almost “uninhabitably” cold on winter nights. Indeed, the main floor thermostat was set at 22°C (72°F) and on the second floor it was a “frigid” (the homeowner’s words) 19°C (67°F). In days gone by, this might have seemed a frivolous, unrealistic complaint, but be reminded the more we talk about how comfortable , quiet and efficient new furnaces and new houses can be, the more homeowners will reasonably expect from us. In this case, no amount of tweaking of balancing dampers and registers , thermostat locations or settings has solved the problem. The root of the problem is that the furnace is oversized. An 80,000 BTUH input for an Energy Star home that, upon discovery, has a design heat-loss of just 43,000 BTUH. Adding to the problems is that the ductwork is oversized as well, and despite efforts to air seal the ducts, they still leak at a rate of nearly 20 per cent.

ver the past two months, I have been presented with three scenarios that highlight the need for the HVAC industry in Canada to recalibrate our thinking on ductwork. Each issue shows that builders are on a path of continual improvement with respect to ever-more-energyefficient, durable, safer, healthier and more comfortable homes, and as such, HVAC contractors will have to respond by adjusting the design, material selection and installation of the mechanicals – right down to something as seemingly simple as ductwork – to meet the ever-increasing expectations of homeowners.

ord Cooke is a professional engineer who has spent 20 years helping builders and HVAC contractors implement innovative technologies into high-performance homes. He has particular expertise in IAQ and air flow management in houses, and can be contacted at gcooke@airsolutions.ca.

The furnace rarely goes to high fire, thus the fan seldom goes to high speed and very little air gets to the second floor . A quick measurement off the top of the furnace showed that even when the furnace w as at high fire, the static pressure was just 0.06” of water column when a typical duct sizing would assume at least 0.2” water column. There is not enough static pressure to get air movement throughout the system. A well-intentioned designer and contractor, building safety margins into both equipment and duct sizes, have made it very difficult to find the right settings and balancing to meet the comfort expectations of this client. 52

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continued on page 54

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continued from page 52

We think we have a solution by adding a second “averaging” thermostat on the second floor, adjusting the fan speed settings to get higher air flows at the lower firing rates and, where accessible, air sealing as many ducts, fittings and floor boots as possible. The long-term solution is, of course, for designers and contractors to ask for better information on the characteristics of a home in order to sa ve money by putting in smaller systems and smaller ductwork and reinvest the savings in more thorough duct sealing.

The vast majority of insulated ductwork sold in North America is used in heating and cooling systems where the ducts are in attics and crawlspaces. The supply side of this ductwork is under positive pressure – if there is air leakage, it leaks out. In HRV systems, the supply side is under negative pressure. So any air leakage through the duct or vapour barrier liner pulls warm, moist air from the house into contact with the duct carrying cold outside air. This leads to condensation on the outer surface of the air carrying duct that then accumulates in the insulation layer until it sags and drips like a wet sock. This presents long-term moisture and air quality problems that can be avoided by better material selection and more careful air sealing of flexible insulated duct. Learn from the experts in Atlantic Canada. They have been installing far more HRVs for far longer than the rest of the country and specify a better class of insulated flexible duct to avoid this annoying problem. Flexible duct is suitable for short lengths, and where air leakage isn’t critical it is tested under standards as a “connector.” It is usually made from a polyester laminated film that, due to the manufacturing process, can have pin holes in it and may delaminate if not installed properly. The “good” stuff is usually made with a chlorinated polyethylene core permanently bonded to the coated steel wire. It has lower pressure drop, can’t delaminate and has lower air leakage more suitable for a critical application of bringing in very cold ventilation air through the warm, moist environment of a house.

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SIZE

I recently traveled to eastern Canada where I was reminded by ventilation contractors there that the selection of insulated flexible duct on HRV systems warranted updated thinking.

• It can be beneficial to go back and r eview the duct sizing principles to ensure we have adequate pressure in the main ducts to drive air through the system. • Seal ducts, all ducts wherever possible. Fortunately we are seeing new developments in this area, with manufacturers of sheet metal ducts coming out with “self-sealing strategies – peel and stick tapes, gaskets and sealants already applied to joints.

SEAL

AVOIDING DUCT SAG

GORD’S LESSONS LEARNED

• Choosing a better quality insulated flexible duct to avoid warranty callbacks and long-term moisture problems might add $25 to a typical total installation cost, but it makes all the dif ference in ensuring healthy, durable ventilation systems.

HRVs

FLEXIBLEDUCT

PUTTING IT TO THE TEST I was working with an excellent builder in Southwestern Ontario who is building homes that are about 20 per cent more efficient than Energy Star qualified homes. They too have experienced comfort issues on second floors, but mor e in summer because of large west-facing glass. They have been working very har d with their HVAC contractor to find cost-effective solutions. Specifically, they have been fitting proper-sized ducts into tight wall cavities to optimize space. I advocated oval duct. The contractor pointed out that the “equivalent” oval sizes had less free area and thus would have higher pressure drop and lower air flow. He advocated three-by-ten rectangular duct. I countered that it would have higher air leakage because of the two longitudinal seams. We engaged in a little challenge to see whose theory would win out. He mocked up three lengths of duct on his shop floor with fittings simulating a typical run to a second floor master bedroom. One was traditional six-inch diameter round; one was oval duct; and one was three-by-ten duct. Then we used a Duct Blaster (equipment used to measure duct leakage) to compare the three scenarios. It turns out we were both right. The oval duct had higher pressure loss and delivered about 20 per cent less air at the same static as either of the other two. The three-by-ten had about 10 per cent higher air leakage, and thus its net flow to the register was lower than the sixinch round, but still higher than the oval duct. The oval duct had noticeably less air leakage, most likely because of the manufactured elbows and fittings have fewer pieces.

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THE DUCT BLASTER

Distributed by:

www.flirthermography.ca

1-800-430-6754

Seeking high performance

Jeff House is an experienced industry professional and hydronics trainer. He handles the sales territory from the Niagara region to the Greater Toronto Area for Jess-Don Dunford, a manufacturers’ rep in Ontario. He can be reached at jhouse@jessdondunford.com.

Your customers are building their retirement home. Although it is over 5,000 square feet, the heat loss is only 63,756 BTUH. You decide to take on the job, but only if the owners agree to a high performance multi-zone system that you are sure will not only save them money, but provide the comfort they are looking for. You decide on a wall-hung condensing-modulating boiler with a 5:1 turn down ratio. The air handler will handle the main floor and the air conditioning, while the basement will have infloor heating. The owners decide, at the last minute, that they want the master bath to get a towel warmer as suggested by you. They also decide to use an indirect water heater that will provide lots of domestic hot water. You have already ordered the boiler, and you know it will short cycle because of the micro load the owners just added. Adding to your woes, you’re not sure if the boiler is big enough for the two-person garden tub or the multi-headed shower system. 1. Assuming a 12 minute minimum boiler run time, and provided the delta T is 20°F on the tank to ensure the boiler has time to reach steady state efficiency and run close to the 95 per cent efficiency advertised, the buffer tank should be: A) 25 gallons B) 17 gallons C) 15 gallons D) 30 gallons 2. The air handler is a variable speed unit that can produce 55,000 BTUH at high speed. The connections are 1/2” on the A/H, and based on a delta T of 25°F, you pipe it with: A) 1/2” B) 3/4” C) 1” because you did the math. D) 1-1/4” because bigger is always better.

A) 188 gallons B) 230 gallons C) 150 gallons D) Just over 3 times the volume of the PV 50. 4. To get the most comfort out of the infloor you decide to use:

Congratulations to Peter MacLean... a heating technician with Irving Oil in Nova Scotia, a recent Find the Fix winner. He’s the proud new owner of a Milwaukee Heated Jacket. Be sure to pick up the next edition of Mechanical Business to see who claims the next prize, and for the next edition of Find the Fix!

A) a thermostat with floor sensor. B) an outdoor reset mixing valve to give the right temperature to the floor at all times and outdoor conditions. C) a variable speed delta T circulator. D) all of the above.

Answer and win!

Looking for the answers?

FUEL YOURSELF UP!

The answer key for the March/April quiz is: 1-A (or D), 2-B, 3-B, 4-E

Just send us your answer key to this month’s puzzle by June 28th, and you could be sporting a New Milwaukee M18 Fuel hammer drill, courtesy of Milwaukee Electric Tool. Send your answers to adam.freill@mechanicalbusiness.com and the M18 Fuel tool could be yours.

3. The addition of the indirect water heater almost throws you, but they were going to use a standard 50 gallon 40,000 BTUH power vent tank style water heater, so the indirect should deliver more hot H2O. If the indirect can handle the full output of the boiler on priority, about how much hot water (120°F) can you deliver from the indirect if you use an 80 gallon tank (assume incoming water at 45°F)?

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If you need the quiz, check it out in our issue archive at www.mechanicalbusiness.com.

Climatologist David W. Phillips explains why our weather rocks, and why it’s a better time than ever to be an HVAC professional in Canada.

anadians talk about the weather constantly. It comes up in small talk when we order a Double-double; it’s the one section of the paper we never skip; and when the weather gets weird, as it did this past winter — the warmest on Canadian record — it’s a talking point that can last for years. Our constantly changing, often infuriating weather binds us as a nation, and few Canadians are more tuned into its harmonizing power than Environment Canada’s Senior Climatologist, David Phillips.

stand the importance of weather to us as a people. A lot of my car eer has been about satisfying that appetite,” he says. Phillips has been interviewed countless times, often on The Weather Network, a specialty channel that couldn’t exist in a country that wasn’ t weather crazed. “There are only three full-time weather networks in the world, and two of them are in Canada — one in Fr ench and one in English,” Phillips says.

“For Canadians, talking about the weather is almost as secondnature as breathing,” Phillips says. “It dominates everything we do — our lives, our livelihoods and our conversations.” He noticed this national fixation early in his career, well before he became known as a go-to weather guru. “I began to recognize this insatiable appetite that Canadians have for weather. At parties, people would find out I work for the weather service and they’d ask questions and share stories, and I began to under-

Cover Story

By Jeb Roberts

Photo courtesy of David Chidley

The storytelling scientist

It turns out that, like the weather on any given day, little of Phillips’s career was planned. “I had a t eaching job lined up in my last year at the University of Windsor, and six weeks before graduation I got an offer from the meteorological branch of the Department of Transport to do research on the Great Lakes,” he says. “I thought I’d try it for a year, knowing that I could go back and t each. I’ve now been here for 40 years.”

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He still recognizes, however, that teaching remains a big part of his profession. “I have 33 million Canadians to reach and entertain, but also to inform.” Combining information and entertainment can often be hazardous terrain for serious scientists, but Phillips, the man known for compiling Canada’s whacky weather stories in an annual weather trivia calendar, takes it in stride.

WHY CANADA’S WEATHER IS TOPS

Aside from his annual bestselling “Canadian Weather Trivia” calendar, David Phillips is also known for compiling Canada’s top 10 weather stories every year.

The fact that 33 million Canadians rely on his data might be a testament to the Great White North’s troublesome climate, but Phillips sees things differently. In fact, he insists that weather-wise, Canada is one of the greatest countries in the world. “In Canada, the variety of weather gives us a balance,” he explains. “You can have problems if you have too much weather, and you can have problems if you have too little weather. You always want a balance. That’s one of the reasons we’re so lucky in southern Ontario [Phillips works in Toronto], because there’s no wet season or dry season. You get almost the same amount of precipitation in every month on average.” Cold winters aside, Phillips claims our nastiest weather has more bark than bite. “Our severe weather hits and runs. It doesn’t stick around and clobber us like it does in other parts of the world,” he says. “We may be the second most tornado-prone country in the world, but when you look at the data, we really only get about five per cent of the tornados that the Americans get, and they’re rarely as severe.” Whatever weather comes our way, Phillips claims that the key to staying ahead of the curve and planning, whether for business or a ski trip, is mining the past for useful observations. “I get such a high on helping people with information that they can turn into profit or make their lives easier and safer — all with old data about yesterday’s weather,” he says. “With weather, the past is a guide to the future.”

DAVID’S FORECAST FOR SUMMER AND BEYOND Knowing what to expect when people recognize him on the street, Phillips always has a forecast on hand. But he cautions that seasonal outlooks can’t pinpoint a particular weekend for planning your cottage getaway.

“You feel like you’re prostituting the sciences,” he admits. “But I have no problem telling people that the average sneeze is about the force of a Category 2 hurricane, or that men are hit by lighting five times more often than women are. People are fascinated by the trivia and oddities of weather, so I’m always trying to edutain Canadians through interviews and the books I write and the calendar I put together.”

DID YOU KNOW?

“Our forecast for this summer is warmer than normal almost all across Canada, from Vancouver to St. John’s, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that every day and every week will be warmer — you can’t take the seasonal averages and apply them to specific days or weeks,” he says. Environment Canada is also predicting a normal start to fall and winter for 2012, but does that mean our balmy winter was a fluke? “What we saw this past winter can be thought of as a dress rehearsal for what we’ll see in the future,” Phillips says. “In 2050 that sort of winter may be the norm as opposed to the oddity that we’re all chatting about. It’s like a weather trailer.”

If you don’t have a basement, your home’s safest room during a tornado is the bathroom — a fact that led Phillips to jokingly suggest the implementation of toilet seatbelts.

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A green evolution I

once had a football coach who explained his philosophy of play calling as, “If it works the first time, I do it again.” Well, last year’s Sustain supplement garnered quite a bit of industry interest, so our team here at Mechanical Business has decided to do it all again. Think of it as an evolution of our green mechanical review. And evolution is perhaps an apropos word, since much of what our industry does is more of a quiet series of steps that can go unnoticed to all but the most attuned eyes. And yet, somehow, a staggering amount of progression happens. While revolutionary ideas and products do emerge from time to time, most of the HVAC/R and plumbing steps towards efficiency happen quietly, every

day, as plumbing, hydronic, HVAC and refrigeration tradespersons specify and install efficient equipment that conserves our natural resources. Whether you are installing an ECM motor or pump in a heating system, or are talking a commercial building owner into retrofitting their property with water-saving fixtures and faucets, your work is at the front lines of sustainability. I invite you into this, our second edition of Sustain – a celebration of environmentally conscious products, projects and designs. And once again, we are pleased to serve it up on environmentallyfriendly FSC-certified paper. We in the publishing world are doing our part too. Enjoy the read,

Adam Freill, Editor

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■ SOLAR THERMAL

Going Commercial: By Bob “Hot Rod” Rohr

olar projects don’t always walk through a contractor’s door, so it can pay to research your service area for viable solar customers. Residential solar thermal seems to have dropped off from the highs of the ’07/’08 era, so while I would not ignore any opportunity to design or install residential solar by any means, I would be prepared for bargain shoppers in that sector, and look for potentially more lucrative sectors, like the ICI market. The latest awareness in solar thermal started back around 2007, 2008. Fuel prices were near an all-time high in many areas. The “green” movement was starting to get a lot of attention. Incentive and rebate programs were also starting. I think of it as a solar trifecta.

Thankfully you can prepare as well, and it is easy to find the current costs of various sources of energy online, along with the history of fuel costs.

While a crystal ball might be needed to predict where fuel costs may be years down the road, the trend for delivered costs of energy has been on the rise – When three good reasons all remember, even with a large line up to help jump-start the untapped pool of energy there solar industry, consumers pay are costs involved in moving it attention and want a piece of to the mechanical room. the action. Refining, transportation and storage are all part of the cost structure. Taxes and market conditions also factor in.

air vent w/ shut off valve

SOLAR TRIFECTA:

Solar shoppers tend to be a financially savvy bunch. Number crunching is generally a good place to start when considering alternate energy sources with these customers. Especially since, in this digital age, consumers are turning to the web and might have run some of the financials before your sales call.

lar

lle

cto

rra y

solar pump station delta T controller

fill / purge valves

What a solar designer or installer needs to do is present their potential consumer with a viable return on investment (ROI) projection.

expansion tank

Look for customers with large hot water loads. A few hot spots right now include correctional facilities. Sadly, many are filled pool heat exchanger

bypass valve (normally closed)

POOL

filter

pool pump

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Bob “Hot Rod” Rohr has been a plumbing, radiant heat and solar Nuno Duarte, MASc., P.E., P.Eng., AP, is associate Stantec, a columnist firm that provides contractor and LEED installer foran30 years. with A long-time and trainer,consulting he is manager ofintraining education Caleffi North professional services planning,and engineering andwith project management. America. You can reach Hot Rod at bob.rohr@caleffi.com. He can be reached at nuno.duarte@stantec.com.

to capacity – actually, in one state in the U.S. it is now their largest industry! Water parks, especially if a lodging facility is included, are another potential customer base. Many have indoor and outdoor pools and slides. Hotels, laundry and food service companies are also good leads.

SOLAR SIMULATIONS

To help with ROI projections, it can be helpful to look to solar simulation software. Natural Resources Canada has a great solar simulation program available at www.retscreen.net. If you want a solar specific program with more “flair” and great looking presentation printouts, look at T-Sol from www.valentin.de. There are other solar simulation programs available as well, but my experience is with the two mentioned above and I’ve had success using them for some of my projects. Regardless of the simulation program you opt for, take a class or two to learn the fine points of data entry to ensure that you are making the most of the technology.

Creative Financing Food processing may be another load to look into. They need sizable quantities of DHW for blending, and for cleanup. Bottling plants consume a lot of hot water.

One large park that I know of presented lodging guests with the choice to pay a volunteer room rate surcharge to help offset the solar installation costs at their facilities. Combined with various industry and government incentives, the installed cost should be paid off in seven years or so. Get creative with financing or lease options to allow your customer to say yes!

Another selling feature is the ability to label the business as an energy conserving building. Fly the green flag alongside the maple leaf.

European Influences In the big picture, energy costs in Canada and the U.S. are reasonable. Methane (a.k.a. natural gas) prices in Europe are generally twice what we pay. Oil-fired heating is also a big portion of the European market. So with fuel cost being a main driver, it should come as no surprise that much of the solar technology and equipment that is on the market has Euro roots.

And last, but not least, get involved with the solar industry. Network with like-minded installers and designers. Keep abreast of the policies being considered by the government, and look into becoming a member of a solar association. In Canada, CanSIA (www.cansia.com) is doing some great work for the industry, and they have an annual show in Toronto in December, so if you are able, why not check the event out?

OPPORTUNITIES AT THE ARENA Any skating rinks in your area? Okay, dumb question. Ice cleaning machines use hot water to provide a top quality clear ice. A call to Zamboni told me they prefer hot water, around 50 to 60°C depending on the machine. The average capacity is about 1,000 litres of warm water per fill up. Depending on how the ice is skated and how smooth a surface is desired, the machines may re-surface several times per day. Zamboni reports that 9.7 re-surfaces per day is a general average.

TRIVIA TIME

This hot water requirement provides an excellent dump load for a solar thermal system. The afternoon and evening resurfacing allows all day to harvest solarheated, or pre-heated water.

Here’s a bit of trivia for your next bar conversation. Zamboni machine number 21 is on display at the Hockey Hall of F ame in Toronto, and a Zamboni crossed Canada from St. John’s, Nfld, to Victoria, B.C., averaging roughly 14 km/h (Zamboni does not put a speedometer on its machines), back in 2001. S u s t a i n

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■ GEOTHERMAL

Finding comfort, from church to home

By Michael Ridler

DETAILING THE SYSTEM The system installed uses a horizontal six-ton geothermal unit. This was selected because of the limited standing room in the crawlspace. Its compact, horizontal design meant it would fit easily into the space, and its two-stage scroll compressor will help maximize performance while minimizing operational costs. The unit selected also has a built-in desuperheater coax that supplements the domestic hot water production in the home. Desuperheaters are not an “on-demand” heating system; they consist of a coaxial heat exchanger installed on the discharge side of the compressor to take advantage of the heat in the refrigerant system. The desuperheater only works while the unit is running, but in this case it will provide about a third of the domestic hot water needed for the home, with the rest being made up by a traditional water heating system.

continued on page 66

nstallations of geothermal heating and cooling systems are on the rise in Canada. Although up-front costs can sometimes be overwhelming to the average homeowner, a properly designed system can reap great rewards over time, with annual savings that can be into the thousands of dollars, a great return on investment, not to mention a positive impact on the environment. Recently, Northern Clean Energy, a geothermal dealer in Caledonia, Ont., had an interesting request. Customers Tom and Caroline Mainprize wanted to install a geothermal system into a 100-year-old church that had been converted to a home. This historic building was previously heated with electric baseboards. The Mainprizes purchased the home in 1996, and spent $4,500 their first winter in the home to heat the 4,200 sq. ft. building. The following winter, they supplemented their heating system with a wood stove, but that was a labourintensive option. Last November, they began looking at putting in a central heating system. “The more we looked into it, the more it became evident that geothermal was the best bang for our buck over the long run,” explained Tom. “It was a difficult decision, but we’re confident that it was the right one.”

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This installation posed challenges because of the building’s age, limited mechanical space available and crawlspace working conditions. Just to put the system in, the crawlspace would have to be excavated. Justin Hay, president of Northern Clean Energy, is used to dealing with challenging requests. “Whatever a structure needs, we just do it,” he says. “We face challenges in so many jobs, my team has become accustomed to adapting to all sorts of demands. Not many people would tackle this job; I think that’s what sets us apart.”

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INSTALL CONFIDENCE. INSTALL RINNAI. Between energy efﬁciency, durability and an industry-leading warranty*, when you install Rinnai Tankless Water Heaters, you can rest assured your customers’ investment will be quick to pay off. Just a few more reasons why industry professionals have made Rinnai #1.

www.rinnai.ca * Rinnai offers to extend its 5 year labour warranty when the unit is installed in a residential application and 2 year labour warranty when the unit is installed in a commercial application if registered with Rinnai within 30 days of purchase. Product registration is not required for the extended term in Quebec or other jurisdictions that prohibit warranty beneﬁts conditioned on registration. For complete warranty details, visit www.rinnai.ca/warranty or call 1-800-621-9419.

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The system also features a geothermal zoning system integrated into the ductwork. The system selected matches the rest of the geothermal equipment, so it can communicate using the same protocols, allowing precise control of the heating system and the ECM fan motor, eliminating any “out-ofthe-box” communication complications. In a more traditional installation, a thermostat call from a central zone would dictate fan speed and stage of operation – either first-stage compressor, second-stage compressor or third-stage compressor. Depending on where the thermostat is located, and the ductwork design, this can result in hot or cold spots in the home.

WHAT WAS SPEC’D • WaterFurnace Envision 6-ton horizontal heat pump • IntelliZone geothermal zoning system • ecobee Smart Thermostat • ecobee RSM board

With the geothermal zoning system in use, however, precise control of each zone is possible. The zoning system allows each zoned area to operate independently and controls not only for airflow, but also for the geothermal unit’s fan speed and staging. Each zone has configurable zone size settings to accommodate the size of the zoned area, five configurable fan speeds, four different staging options, and independent fan zone control. This control eliminates the “full-blast” mode experienced with some heating systems, as well as hot and cold spots. Northern Clean Energy has also installed a “smart” thermostat with a remote sensor module (RSM) board. With this thermostat, the homeowners can now remotely log into their system on an iPhone, iPad, Android-enabled device or computer. They can change the program, turn the system on and off, check indoor and outdoor temperatures, view weekly weather data, access equipment run time data, schedule vacations, and be alerted of events in the home, like low temperatures, high temperatures, humidity levels and other customizable events.

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GOOD FOR THE CUSTOMER, GOOD FOR THE CONTRACTOR Having remote access is not only a good thing for homeowners T om and Caroline Mainprize. The team at Northern Clean Energy is now alerted automatically of any conditions that require their attention and, as part of their maintenance plan, the company is able to assess the geothermal systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s performance over time and make adjustments as needed. The immediate email of issues before they happen will enable better service to the new homeowners from Northern Clean Energy. The smart thermostat control allows them to be proactive with problems at the home, rather than reactive, creating the best rapport they can have with their customers.

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As part of the initial planning phase, a design calculation was done to estimate savings based on heat loss and fuel costs. The calculation shows the system will cost as little as $105 annually to cool the space, based on a cooling design temperature of 88Â°F. On the heating side, the system is expected to heat the 100-year-old building for $1,715 annually, with a total operating cost inclusive of hot water generation from the desuperheater in the range of $2,206 per year, based on a winter design temperature of 1Â°F. Like with all simulations, these are estimated savings based on available data, but considering this was a switch from electric baseboard heating, there are significant savings to be had annually.

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■ PLUMBING

Waterless Urinals:

By Marilyn Farago

Opportunity, challenges and options

HOW WATERLESS URINALS WORK

f your travels have taken you to Asia or Australia, you may have seen waterless urinals as far back as 1991. In some areas, where water use has been severely restricted, conversion to waterless urinals is actually mandated.

All waterless urinals work on the simple principle of gravity. Since urine is about 96 per cent liquid, additional water is not needed to wash it down the drain. As with any urinal, waterless urinals connect to a standard drain pipe. The difference with waterless urinals is that no incoming water connection is required.

Here in the North America, waterless urinals still have the status of “new kid on the block,” however, and some in the industry continue to regard them with skepticism and opposition. But almost without exception, every leading North American commercial fixture manufacturer has a catalogue listing for at least one waterless urinal model. And builders looking to conserve water and/or earn green building certifications are looking at these technologies. With an ability to save up to three gallons per flush, water-free urinal options are worth a second look.

There are two fundamental waterless urinal designs, those with cartridges and those without. Designs that don't use cartridges have inserts into the drain, or a built-in p-trap. Regardless of design, they all use a sealing liquid. When the urine passes through the sealing liquid, typically a proprietary fluid, but in some cases vegetable oil, the urine collects in the waste pipe. Since urine is heavier than oil, the urine will pass through the sealing liquid and the oil will stay floating on the top. Waterless urinals are designed to be odour-free. The liquid barrier, or sealant, is the medium that prevents odour from spreading within the restroom area. When there are odour problems, it is typically the result of poor cleaning in the restroom or the need to change liquids or cartridges more regularly. One study conducted to determine the way odours differed between waterless and traditional urinals found that odours were more a function of urine on floors and surrounding surfaces than the type of urinal in use. “Maintenance of the waterless urinals is critical to avoid odours,” says Bryon Keats, manager of Western Canada for Zurn Industries. “What does not appear in the user guide is a one-sizefits-all recommendation guide for maintenance routines for waterless urinals. Each facility manager needs to work with their staff to determine a cleaning schedule based on the amount of usage. It is a learning curve.”

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continued on page 70

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*Computation based on comparison of showerheads that have a flow rate of 2.5 gpm under ASME A112.18.1.

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PERCEPTION

Installation of waterless urinals

AND ACCEPTANCE â&#x20AC;&#x153;User perception and acceptance of waterless urinals can be successfully managed,â&#x20AC;? says Jason Denstedt, national sales manager, builder sales, at Kohler Canada. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Once the public understands that waterless urinals reduce water usage by up to 40,000 gallons per fixture per year in a typical commercial installation, they are eager to accept the new technology.â&#x20AC;? In addition, Denstedt points out that manufacturers have made considerable investments to redefine urinal design and functionality, such as introducing new surfaces engineered to reduce splashing. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Waterless urinals are gaining acceptance throughout North America just as they have been accepted in other parts of the world,â&#x20AC;? states Claus Rieger of Urimat Canada. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Popular locations include public buildings such as offices, hotels and schools.â&#x20AC;? The fact that washroom urinals account for an estimated 18 per cent of the total water consumption in public school facilities makes them an attractive option. An additional, yet more unusual, advantage of the technology is that waterless urinals are far less prone to attracting vandalism. Without a water supply, incidents of floor flooding are eliminated.

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The installation of waterless urinals is much simpler to coordinate during new construction. Retrofit of waterless urinals into existing facilities can present some challenges. Prior to retrofit, it is critical to ensure that the slope of the drain line is adequate â&#x20AC;&#x201C; at least three degrees. Waterless urinals cannot be installed on clogged or un-cleaned sewer lines, and cannot be used on unvented drain lines.

DO WATERLESS URINALS FIT YOUR PROJECT NEEDS? â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ultimately, it is up to the contractor, consulting engineer or facility managers to weigh all the associated costs and benefits for the waterless urinal technology. These calculations should include unit cost, installation cost and maintenance costs, which vary by brand,â&#x20AC;? says Bill Gauley, consulting engineer with Veritec Consulting Inc. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Each type of facility needs to determine if waterfree technology is the right fit for their project.â&#x20AC;?

Human urine is made up of ammonia and nitrogen, as well as salts, phosphates, sulphates, and urea. Ammonia is known to corrode copper and copper alloys, especially in high-moisture conditions, such as a restroom environment.

Another property of urine if it’s not diluted with water and frequently flushed away, is that bacteria can cause a calcium precipitate, which can create sludge or scale build-up in pipes. This can lead to corrosion and stress cracks in sewer pipes. Contractors should inspect the drainage system piping before specifying waterless urinals, to ensure that downstream problems do not develop. Keep in mind that all urinals can experience problems when installed in commercial building locations with degraded or poorly installed drain line systems. In most cases, additional sources of wastewater upstream of the urinal fixture may help to reduce or prevent solids build-up in the drain-line. Each manufacturer sets up stringent installation requirements to be followed before installation. In most instances, work must be documented prior to installation, and failure to follow these instructions can void product warranties. Drain heights need to be appropriate to the brand purchased.

MAINTENANCE ADJUSTMENTS “Maintenance for waterless urinals requires very different procedures than the ones cleaning staff may use with lowflush or other types of urinals,” explains Mike Dwyer, senior vice-president of Falcon Waterfree Technologies. Because of the water-free factor, he says, “it is vital to follow instructions exactly as outlined by the manufacturer. The only other maintenance is a routine spray-and-wipe cleaning of the fixture and an easy change of the cartridge, as required.” Traditional cleaning staff routines, like mopping restroom floors and then dumping the bucket of cleaning water into the urinal, will not work with any type of waterless urinal. Such old-style practices increase maintenance costs because it evacuates the sealing fluid medium required to trap smells in waterless urinals. Facilities staff can expect to hear user complaints when exact procedures are not followed.

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■ HYDRONICS

LEEDing with radiant W

hen Ken Szekely was building his new Mercedes-Benz dealership in Burlington, Ont., he took a page from his experience with radiant heating in residential and commercial real estate construction. However, installing a radiant floor heating system into a 65,000 sq. ft. car dealership, along with additional radiant • 54,000 feet of 1/2" O2 barrier PEX heating for snow pipe connected to 16 manifolds. melting, was a somewhat different • 1-1/4” to 1-1/2” large-diameter PEX proposition than what pipe for the underground supply and he was used to. return mains to the manifolds.

THE PEX COUNT

The spectacular building design brought with it some unique features that have a significant impact on heating and comfort. Inspired by the Foster + Partner’s McLaren Technology Centre in the United Kingdom, the dealership features a twostorey window wall, high ceilings and open floor plan.

• 16,000 feet of 5/8” PEX pipe and 7 manifolds for the outdoor entrances and walkways area, as well as ramps to the 17 service bays.

The glass wall was particularly significant, especially when it came to meeting Szekely’s goal of achieving the Canadian Green Building Council’s LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) accreditation. “Having a glass front for maximum light and exposure doesn’t lend itself to LEED credits,” he explains. Given the challenge, Szekely needed to increase the odds. One of the 16 major energy-saving innovations that helped the LEED cause was a radiant floor heating system. “I chose it because it provides even distribution of heat for superior comfort, no blowing air which keeps the down dust, and it is a more energy efficient way to heat the large open areas,” he says. “Everything is radiant heating, from the showroom and offices areas, to the service bays and ramps.” Klimatrol Environmental Systems served as the project’s technical associate and supplier, providing detailed pipe

By Denise Deveau

layout shop drawings, site supervision, material supply and system commissioning. The mechanical contractor was Cesar Defulviis of Clima Mechanical, a Rehau-certified floor heating installer from Woodbridge, Ont. The glass wall wasn’t the only issue. Given the nature of the layout, different zones demanded specific temperature control requirements. To that end, three condensing boilers were installed to allow for zoning. One is dedicated to the snow and ice melting with a 50 per cent glycol solution for outside areas, and the other two supply the main floor showroom and office area, client reception and service bays. “Having separate zoning allows us to flow- and temperature-balance the system for maximum efficiency and comfort,” Szekely explains. Three-way mixing valves with outdoor reset controls were used to temper water going to the floor system in order to save energy and protect the concrete, explains Klimatrol president Mark Euteneier. “The boilers may be cooking along at 180ºF, which would be too hot for the concrete floors and snow melt slabs,” he says. The mixing valves allow the supply fluid to be blended down to a suitable temperature for the concrete slab as it is critical to slowly raise concrete temperatures to avoid differential stresses in the concrete. continued on page 74

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Where areas need to be joined, Dale Hanscomb of Rehau advises that specialized connections can be used, but suggests that it is typically best to minimize connections in the floor layout where possible. If a connection is required, it is best to use a proper fitting system that is designed for, and is accepted for use, in a concrete slab burial application, and which offers an extended warranty for that application.

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SYSTEM design notes Higher flow rates lead to higher friction loss, so in some cases, it may be necessary to increase the size of the circulator pump to provide adequate flow through the pipes instead of using a smaller, more energy efficient, circulator pump. If flow rates become too high, other factors can come into play that can affect the proper performance and/or operation of the system.

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Climate control is managed with thermostats complete with slab sensors for individual zone control. “With the south-facing glass showroom exposure some areas could easily get overheated from solar gain,” Euteneier explains. “Appropriately placed thermostats allow you to keep temperatures at a comfortable level.” Supply and return manifolds are located in recessed wall cabinets to blend in with the “minimalist décor,” he adds. “This whole design was actually ideal for a radiant floor heating system. It solves the problem of uncomfortable temperatures from large glass exposure, as well as supports a dust-free environment to keep the cars clean.” When the radiant system is off in the summer months, cooling is supplied from duct work specifically designed to address cooling and ventilation. “You get the best of both worlds,” Euteneier says. “A highly efficient and comfortable floor heating system in winter and optimum cooling in the summer.”

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TIPS&TRICKS FOR RADIANT FLOOR HEATING SYSTEMS As a seasoned expert in radiant heating system design and installation, Dale Hanscomb, sales manager responsible for building technology in Ontario for Rehau Industries offers his advice on best practices every installer should consider .

SPACING – Spacing should be designed to provide for the maximum heat load while maintaining the lowest possible water temperatures. Putting pipes closer together allows for lower water temperatures and increases efficiency. Improper spacing and very high water temperatures can lead to “striping” of hot and cold spots. In determining spacing, you should consider the heat loss of the room, floor temperature, floor covering, and load demand requirements. In the Mercedes-Benz project, spacing between pipes was typically eight to 12 inches, with tighter spacing towards the outer glass walls to provide extra heat where needed.

BALANCING – Manifolds with flow indicators and balancing valves are essential for controlling flow in individual heating circuits. If circuit pipes are of multiple lengths, a proper balancing manifold can compensate individual flow rates by applying artificial pressure (head) to balance out the flow rates for more even heat distribution.

PIPE LENGTH – Proper design must follow ASHRAE guidelines and other designated industry standards. Pipe length depends on the amount of heat you need to generate and the installation method of choice. Based on CSA B214, a typical 1/2" pipe circuit is 300 feet or less. This allows for adequate flow and maintaining an ev en water temperature throughout. The ideal design for most residential applications allows for a 20 oF Delta T differential between input and output. Any higher temperature differential increases the risk of striping and inconsistent floor temperatures. PIPE DIAMETER – Diameter requirements vary depending on the application. In the Mercedes-Benz installation, larger diameter pipes (5/8” to 3/4") were required for the snow and ice melting systems because these areas have higher BTUH demands. Larger diameter PEXa distribution lines were also used to supply the manifold locations based on the easier installation and re duced installation cost. Half-inch pipe was typically used for the regular radiant floor heating needs.

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By Jeb Roberts

Photos: Richard Galloway/Iris Photography

ROAD WARRIOR

Name: Shawn Bushey Nickname: Bushey or Bush Company: Nottawasaga Mechanical Job Title: Service Technician Age: 27 Born in: Etobicoke, Ont. Lives in: Angus, Ont. Family: Wife, Jenna Pet: A cat named Murphy

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In the mechanical industry since: 2004 (eight years) Where did you go to trade school? Georgian College for the gas technician program and George Brown College for commercial refrigeration. I also just started teaching at George Brown. How did you end up choosing the profession? My dad’s a domestic appliance repairman who owns his own company, so I always loved the trades. I just like fixing things. Favourite thing about the job: Being able to fix problems for other people. I also enjoy being given difficult jobs to tackle — it keeps me thinking! Time behind the wheel per day: Two to three hours. Service area: Wasaga Beach, Collingwood and surrounding area. What radio station do you listen to during the day? 102.1 the Edge or KICX 105.9. I listen to “The Dean Blundell Show” every morning all the way from my house to the shop. Latest job site: A commercial office building in Barrie, Ont. What are you working on there? I installed 10 new A/C units and five new gas furnaces. Favourite tool in your toolbox: I couldn’t get through the day without my Klein digital multimeter! Favourite band: Great Big Sea — My mom’s from Newfoundland, and I lived there for four years while growing up. I like the Trews from Nova Scotia too. Favourite album: Courage & Patience & Grit by Great Big Sea.

Favourite beverage: Beer — probably MGD.

Best concert you ever attended? Great Big Sea at the Barrie Molson Centre.

What do you like to do in your spare time? I play guitar. My dad always played in a band, and I learned in grade school.

Favourite movie: Anchorman or Old School — really anything with Will Farrell. Another really good one is The Boondock Saints. Favourite magazine (aside from Mechanical Business): Guns & Ammo — I just got my firearms license, and I want to start hunting. I’ve been hooked on the gun range ever since I started going with my father-in-law, a retired police officer. Favourite cartoon as a kid: Ghostbusters or G.I. JOE

Axe of choice: I have a Fender American Standard Telecaster and a Gibson SG. I also have a Fender Squire from a garage sale — that’s the one I don’t mind bringing to people’s houses because I can bust it up and not worry about it. Favourite non-industry website to browse during spare time: Bass Pro Shops, Canadian Tire or TSN. Biggest pet peeve: People who seem nice at first and then stab you in the back!

Favourite sport: Hockey. Unfortunately, I’m a die-hard Leafs fan. I didn’t catch a game this year, but we usually do a boys’ trip and try to see them play somewhere. Last time was Chicago. Favourite player? Phil Kessel, even though he’s catching a lot of flak lately. Favourite car: ’69 Dodge Charger Favourite place to hang out: At home with my wife! Favourite outdoor activity: Ball hockey Favourite drive-thru restaurant: McDonalds. I worked there all through high school, and I got hooked! What’s your standard order? You can’t go wrong with the Quarter Pounder. Favourite food: Wings S u s t a i n

From student to teacher A career in the mechanical trades is all about giving back and educating the next generation, and Shawn takes that duty seriously. “I went to the George Brown campus at Casa Loma in Toronto, and I just started part-time teaching there as well,” Shawn says. Only two years out of the program himself, he’s found that teaching has given him a different perspective on his trade. “I’ve had a lot of apprentices with me, but that’s not the same as having to explain things in front of 22 people,” he says. “It’s rewarding to have somebody come up to you afterwards and say, ‘I really understand that now.’ It’s a great feeling.” S u p p l e m e n t

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■ REFRIGERATION

CO2 cascade systems for sustainability By Phil Boudreau

ith increased regulatory pressures on GWP refrigerants and rising energy costs, the demand for low GWP refrigerants and high-efficiency installed systems is on the rise. In recent years, CO2 has resurfaced as a viable alternative to HFC refrigerants. Additionally, ammonia is experiencing a boost as equipment owners work towards reducing their carbon footprint. There are many possible system arrangements, but let’s take a look at two CO2 cascade system designs, in particular. We will also discuss some variations of these systems. When used as a pumped heat transfer fluid, CO2 provides some advantages over other fluids and glycol mixtures. Since the viscosity is comparably low, the energy required to pump CO2 is relatively low as well. CO2 also has a high thermal conductivity, which results in a very high heat transfer rates within heat exchangers. Due to the high thermal conductivity, the temperature gradient between the centre of the pipe and the outer surface of the fins is significantly lower than with HFCs. Since the density of CO2 is quite high, suction line diameters are reduced significantly. These properties allow for smaller system components which, in turn, allow for higher pressure capability. In order to use CO2 as a pumped heat transfer fluid, a CO2 chiller is needed. An HFC, CO2, ammonia or even a hydrocarbon refrigerant may be used to cool the CO2 fluid – as standards and codes permit.

By using a CO2 chiller, it is possible to significantly reduce the charge of the HFC refrigerant. So even if an HFC is used in the compression and expansion circuit, the “direct” component of the total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) is reduced. In the event of a leak, the potential refrigerant loss can be considerably less.

Phil Boudreau, is the Ontario sales manager for Bitzer Canada Inc. and also provides training and technical support for Bitzer’s clientele. Phil may be contacted at pboudreau@bitzer.ca

continued on page 82

OIL MANAGEMENT Due to the high solubility of CO2 in POE oil, a lowpressure oil management system (OMS) offers an advantage over a high-pressure OMS. The oil management systems referred to here are essentially the same as the oil management systems found in traditional HFC parallel compressor systems, however ball float-containing oil separators are not used in CO2 systems due to the high pressures. Instead, an oil level switch determines when oil accumulates in the separator. Similarly, compressor oil level regulators consist of oil level switches (i.e. optical) and not ball floats. When sufficient oil exists at the bottom of the oil separator, the oil level switch is used to open a valve in the oil return line. In the case of a high pressure OMS, the oil would be sent directly to the compressor oil level regulators. In the case of the low pressure OMS, the oil is sent to an oil reservoir. As with any low pressure OMS, the reservoir is vented to suction while held at a pressure that is sufficiently high enough to permit oil flow to the compressor once the oil level regulator opens. The oil reservoir in a low pressure OMS permits degassing of the oil. By degassing the oil its viscosity will be higher and this will promote better lubrication within the compressor. [Ed. Note: The OMS is not shown in Figures 1 and 2 in an effort to simplify the diagrams.]

* Please note that the graphics used in this article have been simplified in order to provide only general information. No attempt was made to include the required safety valves, proper piping practice, etc.

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TOOL TIPS

In chiller systems, CO2 may be used as the pumped heat tr ansfer fluid in both the medium and low temper ature (MT/LT) systems. In the system shown in Figure 1, the CO2 is pumped through the MT coils but is also in the compression cycle within the L T circuit. When pumped CO2 is used in both the LT and MT circuits, twostages of compression are necessary in order to achieve a higher efficiency.

A quick cutting solution

In order to regulate the flow of refriger ant, a throttling valve is required upstream of the LT heat exchangers. For cold storage applications, refrigerant is over-fed to the heat exchanger at a r ate of 2:1. Higher overfeed rates are required for rapid temperature pull-down applications such as blast freezers.

nyone who has been faced with the prospect of cutting through pipe or rebar on a jobsite armed with little more than a hacksaw can attest to how useful a portable band sa w can be. And with modern battery technology, cordless options mean that these tools can be put to use anywhere, from the depths of a subbasement, right on up to the rooftop.

Figure 1

Material cutting capacities range up to about five inches, depending on the model of saw, but it is best to select one based on the diameter of the pipe, or other materials that you intend to cut. With corded tools, check your amps. Seven amps for compact saws will handle most professional use with ease, but 10 amps or more would be helpful on the 4-1/2” to five-inch capacity saws.

QUICKTIP • Look for a model that of fers tool-free shoe adjustments and blade changes.

When it comes to battery-powered options, higher voltage batteries do bring more power and longer run times. A 12-volt unit is fine for cutting small materials, or for getting into tight spaces, but an 18-volt unit is generally a better fit for mechanical applications, since they are a good balance between the power of larger (28-volt) saws, while being small enough to be safely used one-handed.

LIQUID TO SUCTION HEAT EXCHANGERS After taking a closer look at the LT CO2 compression stage of the chiller, it is apparent that the circuit is much the same as a standard single stage compression circuit. However, there is a liquid-to-suction heat exchanger. This heat exchanger is often required in CO2 systems. The solubility of CO2 in POE oil is very high. T o minimize the amount of CO2 solved in the oil, the compressor return gas superheat must be kept above a minimum. Achieving this minimum can be a challenge in some systems.

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In the case of flooded systems, this becomes even more of a challenge and therefore the heat exchanger becomes a definite requirement. In fact, it may even be necessary to extract heat from the compressor discharge vapour, or other readily available heat source, in order to achieve the minimum superheat. Looking at the MT HFC/CO2 cascade system in Figure 2, note that the high-stage refrigerant is also used in the MT DX evaporators. The HFC charge will, of course, be higher than that of the chiller system described earlier. However, this arrangement still offers the possibility for equipment owners to integrate a natural refrigerant while reducing the HFC charge.

CO2 vs. Industrial Ammonia

The liquid recirculation loop with thermosyphon heat exchanger shown in the CO2 chiller system is very similar to what is found in some ammonia systems. In fact, it is interesting to note that some CO2 cascade systems and transcritical booster systems utilize technology that is very familiar to those who work within the industrial ammonia field.

Figure 2

THE CASCADE HEAT EXCHANGER Since this chiller uses a low-stage compression circuit that rejects heat into a high-stage compression circuit, the system can be referred to as a cascade system. The heat exchanger between the LT CO2 compression circuit and the high stage is known as a cascade heat exchanger. In a cascade system, the refrigerants are completely isolated from each other by the heat exchanger. This permits the use of hybrid systems where two separate refrigerants can be used.

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The cascade heat exchanger is generously sized and must be capable of rejecting all heat absorbed by the LT CO2 system. This is typically a plate-type heat exchanger which is configured in a counter-flow arrangement.

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Note that in the particular chiller system illustrated, the CO2 receiver and cascade heat exchanger is arranged for thermo-syphon operation. CO2 vapour that is returned to the receiver from the LT evaporators must be condensed back to a liquid. With the thermosyphon effect, the vapour travels up to the cascade heat-x and returns back to the receiver as a liquid along with the condensed refrigerant from the low stage compression circuit.

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The world is our inspiration

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THE SYSTEM – IN OPERATION Pellets are a low-moisture-content fuel with high calorific value that is supplied in consistent (small) fuel fraction sizes. In a heating system, pellets are metered into a designed combustion chamber in precise amounts and burned at high temperature with specific amounts of primary and secondary combustion air. The boilers are designed to extract the maximum allowable heat output without dropping the flue-gas temperatures below the dew or condensation point. Advanced pellet boilers are commonly tuned using a flue-gas analyser in a manner similar to oil and gas appliances.

■ HVAC

Pellets: A growing market B

By Bruce McCallum

iomass is quite possibly the oldest and then spread throughout Europe, where source of energy in the world. countries such as Austria have continued to According to research compiled by develop the technology. The Pembina Institute it made up almost 10 per cent of the world’s energy Pellet stokers have existed for about 25 years use in 2008. In many parts of the world, but interest in the technology really started wood is used as a primary source of to increase across Europe energy for cooking and around 2000. Many EU heating. Here in countries implemented Canada, interest in its bioenergy policies and use for heating incentives to encourage the purposes is on the rise. installation of pellet systems Modern pellet-burning for homes, small commercial Biomass energy is derived appliances – stoves, sites and institutions. There from recently-living organic furnaces and boilers – were also several instances matter. Biomass can come are efficient, cleanwhere Russia cut off natural from wood, agriculture waste burning with low gas supplies to Europe during products or municipal waste. emissions profiles. this period, which also helped Key sources include sawmill to spur sales of pellet systems. waste, logging residue, lowAutomated pellet grade biomass and forest fire boilers and furnaces The production of pellets also salvage wood. Biomass from evolved from these sources can be rose dramatically in Europe converted to a more woodchip stokers. during this period. As demand convenient form of fuel, the Residential and small outstripped supply in Europe, wood pellet. commercial chip they started importing stokers originated in significant volumes of pellets Sweden in the 1970s from Canada and the Baltic

WHAT IS BIOMASS ENERGY?

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FAST FACT

Pellets are basically CO2 neutral.

Bruce McCallum is a bioenergy consultant at Ensight Consulting. He Nuno Duarte, MASc., P.E., P.Eng., LEED AP,can is an a firm that provides beassociate reachedwith at Stantec, ensight@bellaliant.net. professional consulting services in planning, engineering and project management. He can be reached at nuno.duarte@stantec.com.

STAYING HEALTHY Another key issue to be considered is the relative toxicity of the particulate emissions from pellet boilers. The percentage of soot in pellet particulate emissions is less than one per cent. Pellet stove and boiler emissions mainly consist of calcium carbonate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate. There are large amounts of these substances found in the human body, and they are water-soluble, so they do not deposit permanently in a person’s lungs. Thus pellet emissions pose only a minimal threat to human health.

For want of pellets One major roadblock to getting state-of-the-art pellet stoves, fur naces and boilers into people’s homes is a dependable, cost-effective bulk delivery of pellets, but that’s quickly changing in many Canadian provinces, with home delivery of bagged pellets available in some areas. With bulk delivery, and automatic feeding, de-ashing and cleaning, pellet heating systems now offer users a degree of convenience that is very close to that of oil systems. And modern convenience goes beyond pellet feed systems. W ith some appliances, you can even dial up your fur nace with your smart phone and get a status r eport.

states. The market for pellets now exceeds 10 million tonnes per annum and it is expected to rise to 15 million tonnes by 2015. The growing demand for pellet systems led to large investments in pellet technology by many European appliance manufacturers and research facilities. Those investments led to rapid advances in pellet delivery, storage, handling and combustion systems. Modern pellet systems achieve high efficiency, low emissions and offer a degree of convenience not dissimilar to that of oil- or propanefired systems. In the 1980s the efficiency of round wood boilers in Europe and North America averaged around 50 to 60 per cent. Efficiencies of wood boilers rose steadily in Europe, driven by rising energy costs and more stringent emissions standards. Today, pellet boilers achieve efficiencies in the 85 to 92 per cent r ange.

WOOD PELLET FACTS

• Virtually all the carbon emitted when pellets are burned is re-absorbed naturally by trees. • The net energy production with pellets is extremely high. It requires only five to six per cent of the energy value in a tonne of pellets for the diesel fuel and electricity needed to produce and transport pellets. • Pellets are a green fuel that is generally produced locally.

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ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS Renewability – Sustainably-managed sources of biomass can provide fuel indefinitely. Availability – A significant amount of biomass fuel is available in most regions of North America in the form of agricultural crops and waste, forestry, and municipal waste. Natural carbon cycle – Biomass draws carbon from the atmosphere during its growth cycle and releases carbon when it is combusted.

Local – Biomass energy is typically fuelled by local sources of biomass, creating local economic development opportunities.

EMISSIONS CHECK In the early 1980s, wood boiler CO emissions averaged around 20,000 mg/Nm 3. Today, modern pellet boilers achieve emissions of only 20 mg/Nm 3 CO. On the particulate side, emissions have also dropped. Particulate emissions (PM 10) are a concern with wood burning appliances, and older woodstoves and boilers had rather high levels. PM 10 emissions have been dramatically reduced in current-generation pellet boilers, however. In Europe, particulate emissions from wood boilers have dropped from roughly 90 kg/TJ (kilograms per terajoule) to only 11 kg/TJ. A terajoule equals the heat energy value of about 56 tonnes of pellets, an amount that could heat about 10 average homes for a year. In North America, we generally measure particulate emissions in grams per hour (g/h). Older woodstoves emitted about 42 g/h. The best EPA certified woodstoves are much better , at only 6.0 g/h. Pellet stoves and boilers are better again, at only 1.2 g/h. Advanced pellet boilers have even lower emissions per unit of energy produced. S u s t a i n

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■ PLUMBING

Conservation makes WaterSense By Denise Deveau

fter five years of success in the U.S., WaterSense labeling is A on its way to becoming a fixture in the Canadian market. While officially endorsed federally last year, it is up to each province to decide whether it will endorse the progr am as well, and this past World Water Day, the Ontario government became the first of the provinces to put its stamp of approv al on the designation. The mark identifies faucets, showerheads and toilets that use a minimum of 20 per cent less w ater than current national standards.

WaterSense is often compared to the Energy Star program, but with a focus on water efficiency. Although not a mandatory requirement, it’s a designation that many expect will become increasingly demanded by Canadian consumers. While a government endorsement may be news,

Manufacturers who wish to receive certification to EPA WaterSense, may do so at the same time they certify their product to the ASME/CSA standard referenced in the National Plumbing Code (NPC). Once a manufacturer receives their certification to both the ASME/CSA standards and the EPA WaterSense requirements, they can register their product with EPA WaterSense and obtain the right to use the EPA WaterSense mark anywhere they wish to market their product, including in Canada.

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According to Garry Scott, vice-president, wholesale marketing and brand development for Moen Canada, the company has been supportive of WaterSense and the benefits it brings. “We have been very active with the program since the beginning. In fact, in some areas, 100 per cent of our SKUs meet WaterSense requirements; and we won’t bring out new product unless it fits into that realm.” Delta Faucet is also fully behind the program. The company reports that all of its lavatory faucets (more than 2,000 SKUs) and a large assortment of its showerheads already meet the WaterSense standards. With lots of supply, and a Canadian endorsement, access to WaterSense products in Canada won’t be an issue at all, says Ralph Suppa, president and general manager for CIPH. “Most manufacturers have WaterSense designations for their products and most codes have already adopted WaterSense flow rates. The logo is already on the boxes so it’ s not a big change from that standpoint. Because it isn’t mandatory, or stipulated in code requirements, it’s really more about information and consumer awareness.”

ABOUT WATERSENSE CERTIFICATION

the WaterSense program has already gained a considerable foothold since it was launched over five years ago in the U.S. Manufacturers report that a large number of their SKUs ha ve been signed, sealed and delivered with the WaterSense logo on the packaging.

continued on page 88

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FOR COMMERCIAL PROJECTS THE SOLUTION IS SYMMONS

From hotels to hospitals, from schools to stadiums, Symmons products have been trusted by professionals for 70 years.

continued from page 86

He adds that public support of the WaterSense designation in Canada will definitely drive the market. “We can see this program really taking off across the country, now that we have the collaboration of industry and government. Ontario has really set a benchmark here.” The fact that the Ontario government is one of the first to announce its endorsement bodes well for uptake in the months to come, agrees Scott. “Trends grow out of Ontario, which is only natural given the population. The fact they took the initiative first will certainly spread interest outward.” With pricing and availability issues well in hand, Joe Anile, director of wholesale distribution for American Standard Canada, predicts WaterSense-approved products will be specified in more projects. “While WaterSense is totally independent of industry code approval, what we may

see is changes to building codes. It may dictate, in some instances, what fixtures may be installed. Builders are already looking for WaterSense fixtures for their new homes.”

PART OF THE SALES PITCH Plumbing contractors can add value for their customers, and their own companies, by being aware of the WaterSense program, and the products within it. In the past year, one-quarter of Canadian renovations were for the bathroom, says Garry Scott. “Whether they’re working on a renovation or retrofit, there’s always a big demand for energy saving products; and that discussion is coming up to the forefront more and more.” Being able to direct customers to watersaving faucets and fixtures helps to enhance a professional image and shows leadership in the field.

The industry is well positioned to address this since there are plenty of products to be had that don’t exact a price premium. “Most manufacturers have a lot of WaterSense approved products listed on their websites,” Anile notes. LEED certification is also giving an added push to WaterSense labeled products, he adds. “They can count towards LEED points on the plumbing and fixture side, because one of those points is based on reducing water consumption.”

Elkay’s EZH20™ provides a rapid fill of filtered water to quench thirst and reduce plastic bottle waste in the environment! Ideal for education, fitness clubs, healthcare facilities, and hospitality. Available as a Wall Mount, In-Wall or Surface Mount application.

Surface Mount (EZWSSM) Installs directly on the wall with robust hanging bracket for applications with limited wall depth.

Wall Mount (LZS8WSLK) Single EZH20™ Complete water cooler. Also available as a retroﬁt kit (LZWSRK). See image at right.

Elkay SwirlFlo®

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continued from page 86

OPENING THE FLOODGATES While the WaterSense proposition has been well marketed south of the border, Moen’s Garry Scott says that momentum needs to be built in Canada. “It may not mean a lot to customers here yet, but we’re starting to see promotions around the logo. As we move forward, consumers will be looking for that logo, and asking for it from their retailers. As new products come out, they will gravitate towards them because they save water without taking away the benefits.” What it will take to get things going is a concerted effort on the part of retailers and manufacturers, and by government, he adds. “Manufacturers for their part need to ensure logos are on all retail products and there is POS material to make people aware

of the logo and its benefits. Retailers need to get involved to make it more noticeable.” “Homeowners trust their plumbing professionals to recommend the best products to fit their lifestyle,” says Steve Dunn, trade channel manager for Masco, parent company of Delta Faucet Canada. “There are so many kitchen and bath options available with WaterSense certification they can easily offer the style their clients want.”

As interest grows, contractors will certainly have more ammunition when talking products with their customers, Ralph Suppa notes. “This gives the contractor more opportunity to say there’s product in the market that will help you save money by going to a more water conserving product. It doesn’t cost contractors any more to use these products. At the end of the day, everyone wants to be kinder to the environment and reduce their footprint.”

CURRENT WATERSENSE WATER-SAVINGS REQUIREMENTS Current industry max.

WaterSense max.

Savings (%)

Lav 2.2 gpm

1.5 gpm

Toilet 1.6 gpf

1.28 gpf

Showerhead 2.5 gpm

2.0 gpm

Urinals 1.0 gpf

0.5 gpf

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Designed to serve as an interface between solar collectors and system tanks, HeatLink’s SOL 80 MBH solar panel incorporates a heat exchanger that isolates the glycol in the solar collector circuit from domestic water. It features a secondary pump that activates every 24 hours to ensure potable water in the piping or heat exchanger is not stagnant.

www. heatlink.ca

Available in 60,000 to 120,000 BTUH models, Napoleon’s Ultimate 9700 Series gas furnace has an AFUE rating of 97.1%. The unit’s SureView window allows a view of the flames in operation, and its ECM variable-speed motor uses soft start-up for the initial rush of air and noise. The furnace is also equipped with an ultraviolet light purifier.

American Standard’s Decorum FloWise urinal offers a compact design that incorporates a stainresistant antimicrobial finish to inhibit the growth of bacteria on its surface. The urinal’s water-saving technology uses 1.9 L/f, and it can be installed with hands-free flush valves or manual valves.

www. napoleonheatingandcooling.com

www. americanstandard.ca

The WaterFurnace 5 Series 500A1 is a single-unit geothermal heat pump that combines forced-air heating and air conditioning while generating a portion of a home’s hot water. The unit, which uses R410A refrigerant, is available in nine singlespeed and six dualcapacity sizes from one to six tons.

The Multi-Box inline fan from Systemair offers a performance range from 760 to 6,400 CFM. The fan is equipped with an intelligent, direct-drive EC-motor, which can be controlled through the built-in potentiometer in the fan’s electrical box, or through an external MTP10 speed control unit. Its removable panels allow airflow direction to be selected onsite, and installers can choose any outlet side.

www. waterfurnace.com

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■ COOLING

How do you cool a cloud? With water, of course! W

DID YOU KNOW? A new water-cooled computer rack has the same computing power of seven three-year-old air-cooled racks.

By Steve Clark

ith what seems like a move back to where it started, the computer industry has quickly moved toward huge central data facilities. Much has changed from the era of the large central computers, however, with massive improvements in performance and capacities, and today’s buzzword, “cloud computing.”

Even with cloud computing, though, the basics of systems have not changed. Computers use power. And when you use power, you produce heat. And that heat has to be removed. These new high power data centres still need cooling. And they need a lot of it. The challenge is how to remove the heat generated in a 28 kW computer rack. Water is a great medium for cooling a space – even if that space contains highly sensitive multimillion dollar computers. Water-based cooling has significantly changed the way professionals view data centre cooling, and as the industry continues to evolve it’s certain that more great solutions will reveal themselves. So it’s important to be aware of the latest developments – even if they’re delivered to you from way up in the cloud.

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NOTE

“Cloud Computing” actually takes place in large data centres in buildings, and not in the stratosphere.

MAKING USE OF WATER’S THERMAL CAPACITY The computer industry has accepted that air-cooled racks have hit their maximum capacity at about 25 kW per rack, but modern equipment is running at 28 kW per rack. That’s where water-based cooling can play a significant role. If a 28 kW computer rack is two feet wide by two feet deep by eight feet tall, the A/C system would have to change out all the warm air with cool air 100 times every minute. All this air would have to be transported to an A/C unit and back to the rack. This all takes a lot energy and space. When transporting energy, a one-inch diameter pipe can carry as much energy as a onesquare-foot duct. It can take five to 10 times as much energy to move one BTU of cooling energy one foot using air as it does using water . Think about it, a 100-ton packaged A/C unit comes with anywhere from a 20- to a 60-hp fan motor , while a 100-ton chiller is typically paired with a chilled water pump running When we think of cooling, we often associate that with air. But an at four to six interesting fact of physics is that water is the most efficient means of hp. moving cooling energy. By volume, water can hold 2,000 times as much cooling energy as an equal volume of air.

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Steve Clark, P.E., P.Eng., CEM, is president of Aquatherm North Nuno Duarte, MASc., P.E., P.Eng., AP, reached is an associate with Stantec, a firm that provides America. HeLEED can be at steve.clark@aquatherm.com. professional consulting services in planning, engineering and project management. He can be reached at nuno.duarte@stantec.com.

A COOLING TREND The most widely adopted cooling method in recent years is best known as in-row cooling (IRC). A majority of IRC units use water to capture and cool the heat from servers before it mixes with ambient air, thereby reducing energy use. Several manufacturers offer IRC systems, which are most typically employed in centres where computer loads are greater than 10 kw per server cabinet. Because of their modular design, IRCs can serve a single cabinet and expand from there. IRC has also become a go-to option for retrofitting older data centres that have maxed out their design capacity.

GOING BIG

One of the world’s largest data centres recently made the jump from air-cooled to water-cooled computers while remaining in operation. The installation required the removal of a section of old racks, and a lifting of the floor tiles. The contractor then ran polypropylene pipe below the floor. The thermal resistance of polypropylene allowed the chilled water lines to be un-insulated, saving space. The branch lines run parallel with and below the rows of racks, and double as supply and return manifolds. Fusion outlets were spaced to match the rack layout, eliminating the need for numerous tees. These branches are fed by mains that are supplied by heat exchangers or a large central plant. These new solutions are allowing data centres to run supply and return headers sized for multiple rows of high-density cabinets with individual, valved take-offs for each IRC unit. This design decreases underfloor clutter while still allowing reasonable airflow to other equipment that remains air-cooled. continued on page 94

NEXTENERGY INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS TM

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visit www.nextenergy.ca or call 1-800-367-9810

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continued from page 93

Literature

A (potentially) shocking mix

ENERGY STAR AXC FAN Continental Fan’s AXC In-line Duct Fan brochure features the ENERGY STAR® qualified AXC fan. This descriptive booklet features full application details, including range hood exhaust and bathroom ventilation uses.

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Cooling loads and the basic laws of physics have forced the data centre industry to rethink what used to be a basic premise: electronics and water do not mix. Most data centres are mission critical, 24/7/365 operations. The mere thought of water leaking in a data centr e is enough to set off warning sirens in the mind of the most ser ene IT manager. Introducing water-based cooling to a data centre means it’s essential that every precaution is taken to eliminate the risk of leakage or dripping. Some data centr e designers have even taken the step of installing catch troughs under cooling water piping that runs above computer units and critical electronic components. They have also worked to minimize joints and connectors in computer room piping systems. The transition to heat transfer fluids has alr eady taken place in Europe. Energy costs there were a driving force to water-based cooling systems, since the cooling equipment can use as much energy as the computers.

RESIDENTIAL PANNING SOLUTION A high-quality sheet metal alternative for constructing return air ducts. Made from corrugated insulation faced with aluminum and available in various widths, THERMO-PAN significantly reduces duct noise and labour. No shop fabrication is required and it staples easily and quickly to floor joists and stud cavities to create a consistent, professional job. Packaged 25 to a box.

w w w. t h e r m o p a n . c o m VALVE SYSTEM WITH EXTERNAL RESET Viking’s G Series dry valve system is offered completely pre-trimmed, including the grooved butterfly valve, air supervisory switch and alarm pressure switch. The G Series dry valve system includes an innovative external reset feature. Additionally, the pre-trimmed valves weigh less and have a smaller footprint than competitive products. Viking dry valves are available in 2”, 3” and 4” sizes.

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FACT: One 28 kW server produces 95,500 Btuh of heat, which must be removed from the space. 95,500 Btuh= the heat from 2154 13-watt CF bulbs = the cooling load of 8 one ton A/C units = the heat removed with 3,200 cubic ft/min of air or 100 air changes per minute

CONNECTIONS WITHIN THE DATA CENTRE Pipe connections probably pose the greatest water-related risk to the electronics in a data centres. Are the pipe connections solid, substantial ones? Will they stand up to the stresses of the physical abuse if they are banged or stepped on, or yanked upon by someone pulling on data cables? Since connections can range from clear rubber tubing held on with hose clamps to heat-fused connections, it’s important to carefully consider the connection. Will facility staff be mindful of the dangers of putting stresses on pipes? In the event of a cracked fitting or leaking joint, can staff quickly locate the shut off valve or will they even be aware of the leak? The system needs to be designed such that when servicing is necessary it can be accessed with minimal hassle. If pipes, controls and other components are too tightly packed into a space, maintenance and troubleshooting can be difficult.

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The new cost effective Smart Si has built-in live weather data and uses it to heat and cool, saving the most ener gy possible. Automatic alerts and reminders notify users when HVAC equipment is due for service, if there is an equipment malfunction or when it’s time to change filter, so they don’t have to worry about it. Visit us today for more details on how the new Smart Si can benefit your customers.

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tekmar Controls

Your reliable source for HVAC information, tekmar Controls specializes in hydronic heating and cooling control solutions for contractors, designers, engineers, and home and building owners. Search any product to learn more about its specifications, features and benefits. The HVAC Pro section offers many resources including a technical and promotional library, FAQs, articles, and stencils.

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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE ROUNDUP – PART 1: VANS 2012 FORD TRANSIT CONNECT

Entering its third year in North America, the Transit Connect has been upgraded with Ford’s electronic stability control system. Called AdvanceTrac with RSC (Roll Stability Control) it is now standard across the Transit Connect line. Also new for 2012 is a personal-use Transit Connect, the XLT Premium Wagon. Late this year the all-electric, Transit Connect van arrives. It will have a range of up to 130 km. It’s aimed at fleets with predictable daily routes . These electric vans can be recharged using either 240V or a standard 120V outlet.

Wheelbase:

114.6”

Cab Style:

Van

Engine size: Power (hp/torque):

2L Duratec I4 136/128

Max. Payload:

1,600 lb.

Van interior:

167.9 cu.ft.

Door opening: Cargo space dimensions:

52.1” Height:59.1” Width: 48.1” Length: 72.6”

Dimensions:

European invasion is imminent in the commercial van market. Started by the Mercedes Sprinter and Ford Transit Connect, so far it has been a small breach, but next year it will turn into a flood as we see as many as six new models arrive here.

Length: 180.6” Width: 70.7”

This is a dramatic shift, and the first victim of this invasion is the Ford E-series. After 51 years of production this is officially its last year; to be replaced with Ford’s own European Transit, the big brother of the Transit Connect.

Chrysler, which has no van to speak of, is looking to Fiat to fill the hole in its portfolio. And they will deliver. Look for two Italian-sourced vans to land next year. Nissan, which dove head-first into the van market with its full-size NV has this year added the NV200, a smaller Transit Connect-sized competitor. GM, the last Detroit holdout, is mum about its commercial van plans. These product moves herald a new era in our hemisphere. Why? Because all the vehicles mentioned already exist in other parts of the world as competitors in a very healthy and profitable market – now they are coming to absorb our market.

Chrysler looking to commercial again

EUROPE

Chrysler Group is looking to Europe and Fiat’s Doblo and the larger Ducato to get back into the commercial van market. The Doblo is built on a 108.5” wheelbase, has front-wheel drive and engines ranging from 1.3 to 2.0L. The Doblo is available several configurations, but it is not clear which of the setups will enter the Canadian marketplace. The larger, rear-wheel drive Ducato offers dozens of body variations with wheelbases ranging from 118.1 to 149.6”. Its normal engines are diesel, but again, the question remains whether we will get those engines.

Wheelbase: Engine size:

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Van 3.6L V6

Power (hp/torque):

283/260

Max. Payload:

1,800 lb.

Max. Towing capacity: Van interior: Cargo space dimensions:

3,600 lb. 143.8 cu.ft. Height: 46.1” Width: 49.03”

Dimensions:

RAM CARGO VAN

Length: 202.8” Width: 78.7”

Ram Trucks has taken the Caravan into its fleet and has added a new solid sliding-door and rear quarter window privacy panels this year . All vans get an aluminum rear floor and offer 144 cubic feet of cargo space. For 2012 the vehicles are now powered by the new Pentastar V6 engine. This engine is mated to a six-speed automatic transmission. A driver-selectable fuel economizer mode is also included. Howard J. Elmer is a PowerSports editor, writer and author, based in Brampton, Ont. He has a transportation, newspaper and radio background, and is a member of the Truck Writers of North America, the Automotive Journalists Association of Canada and the creator of the Canadian Truck King Challenge. www.canadiantruckkingchallenge.ca

121.2”

Cab Style:

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By H o w a r d J E l m e r NISSAN LOOKS AT SMALLER The 2012 Chicago Auto Show introduced an all-new compact cargo van – Nissan’s NV200. Call it the little brother to the full-size NV that started selling across North America last year; this smaller NV200 is set to battle the popular Ford Transit Connect van. It will carry 1,500 lb. and fit a standard-sized pallet between the wheel wells. The back of the van has standard mounting points for rack and shelf installation and six floor-mounted cargo hooks. Standard power will come from a 2L four-cylinder engine matched to a CVT transmission. Suspension is independent struts and stabilizer bar in front and a leaf spring design in the rear. The front disc and rear drum brakes offer ABS and electronic brake force distribution (EBD) as standard features.

The NV200 has dual sliding side doors, tall 40/60 split rear doors (that open to 90 and 180 degrees), a low floor and tall interior cargo height. Driver conveniences include six-way driver seat, a “mobile office” with a centre console space for laptops and hanging files, a pen/pencil tray, CD holder, and dual cup holders. It will be available at select Nissan dealers in early 2013.

2012 MERCEDES-BENZ SPRINTER 1500 TO 3500

Available in 11 different models for 2012, the Sprinter is probably best known for its high roof line. It also offers “bus” versions and even a dually 3500-series. All Sprinters are powered by a 3L V6 turbo diesel engine and a five-speed automatic transmission.

Wheelbase:

135”, 155”

Cab Style:

Regular Van, Extended

Engine size:

4.3L V6, 4.8L V8, 5.3L V8, 6L V8, 6.6L V8 turbo-diesel

Power (hp/torque):

195/260, 279/294, 310/334, 323/373, 260/525

Max. Payload:

2,329 to 4,187 lb.

Max. Towing capacity: Van interior:

6,800 to 10,000 lb. 239.7 to 319.9 cu.ft.

Cargo space dimensions:

Height: 52.9”

Width: 52.7” between the wheel wells Dimensions:

Length: 224” to 239” Width: 79.4”

Wheelbase:

146.1”

Cab Style:

Van

Engine size: Power (hp/torque):

4L V6, 5.6L V8 261/281, 317/385

Max. Payload:

3,858 lb.

Max. Towing capacity:

9,000 lb.

Van interior:

234.1cu.ft. (standard) 323.1 cu.ft. (high-roof)

Door opening rear width:

61.6”

Cargo space dimensions: Width: 70.2” Length: 150.2” Dimensions:

Length: 240.6” Width: 79.9”

CHEVY EXPRESS CARGO VAN 1500 TO 3500

For 2012, the Express can be ordered with a three-tank fuel configuration (including a dedicated compressed natural gas model). If equipped with the Duramax diesel the fuel injection system is also able to operate on B20 biodiesel. The diesel and 6.0L V8 is mated to GM’s Hydra-Matic 6L90 heavyduty six-speed automatic transmission. A FlexFuel E85 version of the 5.3L V-8 is also available. Models equipped with 4.3L, 4.8L and 5.3L engines are matched with the Hydra-Matic 4L60 fourspeed automatic transmission. GM is about choices.

For 2012, new standard equipment has been added, including heated and power-adjustable side mirrors, and a new trailer hitch prep package with a seven-pin connector. Also new is a short axle ratio (4 .182:1). This comes on 2500 variants and produces more torque for customers that frequently tow or carry the Wheelbase: maximum load.

144”, 170”

Cab Style:

Van

Engine size:

3L V6 turbodiesel

Power (hp/torque):

188/325

Max. Payload:

5,375 lb.

Max. Towing capacity:

5,000 lb. or 7,500 lb.

Van interior:

547 cu.ft.

Door opening:

Side sliding door 51.2”

Cargo space dimensions:

Height: 65” standard roof and 76.4” high-roof

Width: 53.1” between wheel arches Dimensions:

Length: 289” Width: 79.3”

Nissan NV1500 to NV3500

The NV line-up features an NV1500, NV2500 HD and NV3500 HD. Built as a classic body on fr ame, these trucks support rising payloads with either a standard height roof or high roof. The standard engine is the 4L V6 with the 5.6L V8 as an option. The NVs design features no “doghouse”, freeing up space between the seats. The mirrors are large, the steering precise and the turning radius tight. M e c h a n i c a l

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with Roger Grochmal

Greening your ride “When it comes to being environmentally sensitive, our vehicles are our biggest downfall. How can I effectively meet the service needs of customer s while reducing emissions – and ideally also reducing my fuel costs in the progress?” Brian L., Markham, Ont.

Roger Grochmal is the president of AtlasCare in Oakville, Ont. To submit a question about your company, business practices, or the industry in general, send an e-mail to Mechanical Business magazine’s editor, Adam Freill, adam.freill@ mechanicalbusiness.com.

fter direct labour, our vehicles are the largest expense most of us have in our businesses. Trucks depreciate rapidly and over their lifetime will consume enough gas to equal or exceed the capital cost of the vehicle . This is one case where bigger is not necessarily better.

stocking their trucks with every possible part, accessory and tool will allow them to provide better service. But does it? Weight is our biggest enemy to good gas mileage and vehicle life expectancy. Our techs carry far more tools than they need to do their everyday jobs. I once had a tech who carried enough tools to tear down the largest chiller but we were doing residential work.

Until recently, truck manufacturers have presented trade contractors with few environmentally acceptable options. When GM stopped building the Safari, it left a big hole in the market. Both Ford and Chrysler stepped in with smaller trucks but the We have been working with one of pent up demand has been our suppliers to have material and so strong that it can take as equipment delivered directly to much as six months to get customers’ homes. It not only one – big fleets have locked reduces the size of the trucks we up most of the production. need, but also gets us one or two extra hours to work on the job. And mileage is a concern

Just-in-time delivery

GPS for dispatch, and gas savings A few years ago we implemented a GPS system for our vehicles. One of the big benefits was a reduction in our idle time and speed of the vehicles, both big gas savers and very environmentally responsible. Our system allows us to dispatch our trucks more efficiently, thus reducing the amount of travel we have to do.

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worth watching. In Europe, most small trucks are diesel powered, which provides for better fuel economy and longer engine life. In Canada, most large trucks are diesel powered but that option has yet to arrive in the small truck market, and it may not anytime soon. Hopefully that will change as the major manufacturers introduce more small trucks in the next few years (see Howard Elmer’s Vehicle Report on page 96), but until they do we can only do so much. Now that I got that off my chest, let’s examine some things we do have control over. The biggest challenges we face are the pack rats who think

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We need a better approach to the inventory we carry on our trucks. Universal replacement parts for service are a big help. At AtlasCare, we are implementing a plan to go to daily rather than weekly restocking of vehicles in the field to reduce the amount of inventory we carry on trucks and keep our techs in front of customers with the right parts.

Despite the dearth of small vehicles suitable for our industry, there is a lot we can do to help our own situation. It requires us to work closely with our staff and our suppliers. We will not only improve our gas consumption and reduce our carbon footprint but also gain some productivity and customer service improvements that impact the bottom line. This type of environmental activity works for me.

Make an impact on your business with the Ford Transit Connect, the business-ready vehicle designed speciĂ&#x20AC;cally for people like you. Engineered to be Built Ford ToughÂŽ, so durability is the least of your worries. Professional styling and customizable cargo area make your business more personal and versatile. And nothing is sweeter for your bottom line than a combined 9.0L/100km.* Move up to the top of the tool chain at fordcommercialvehicles.ca Estimated fuel consumption ratings for 2012 Transit Connect 2.0L DOHC Duratec 4 speed automatic: 10.1L/100km city and 7.7L/100km hwy. Fuel consumption ratings based on Transport Canada approved test methods. Actual fuel consumption will vary.

POWER TOOLS

B y A d am Fr eill

BRUSHLESS REVOLUTION

nyone in the HVAC world who has swapped out a PSC motor for an ECM m otor knows all about the advances in motor technology that are impacting the construction sector. But did you know that the brushless motor technology that’ s helping drive efficiency in air condition equipment is also being put to good use in the world of power tools?

Photo courtesy of Milwaukee Tool

Related to the ECM motor, the brushless DC motor was introduced to the power tool marketplace more than five years a go, but it is really starting to hit its stride now as most major tool manufacturers, including DeWalt, Hitachi and Milwaukee, have now paired the motor technology with more advanced lithiumion battery technology to generate more power and run times in the latest generation of their drills and related products. While the new motors require more complex computerized controls within the tools, the motor technology is bringing higher efficiency and reliability, reduced noise, and longer service life to the table.

BRUSHED VS. BRUSHLESS Brushless motors have a very different design than traditional brushed DC motors. Brushed motors have a field, made of metal and magnets, and an armature – the copper windings. When ener gized, the copper windings in the ar mature push against the magnets in the field, causing the motor to tur n. Energy delivery (commutation) is transferred to the motor by carbon brushes that rub against the copper commutator portion of the armature, explains Christian Coulis, group product manager for cordless product at Milwaukee Electric Tool.

DID YOU KNOW? A PSC motor would not be a good fit for a power tool, as it requires a no-load start-up. A drill with a PSC motor would not have enough torque to get started if the bit was in wood or under load.

Brushless motors are basically an inversed design of a brushed motor, using a rotor and a stator. In most brushless motors, the stators consist of the copper windings, while the rotor, or part that spins, has the steel and magnets. “The commutation is completely controlled electronically instead of mechanically and is managed by a ‘Hall Board’, or electronic circuit board,” says Coulis.

“The ability to get added perfor mance and durability inside of a power tool comes from the electronic capabilities. Having a stable and powerful electr onic package in the tool and battery is the only way to get the most power, efficiency and durability from the motor, and the evolution to lithium-ion has helped.”

STATOR 100

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ROTOR B u s i n e s s

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HVAC

B y Tr avis K eyser

SEASONAL CHANGEOVERS: Time for preventive maintenance

Seasonal preventive maintenance yields benefits for the homeowner and the contractor

ooling season is here and with it, the uptick in business that typically occurs as homeowners and businesses turn on their air conditioning systems. But before we hit the heat of the summer, contractors can take advantage of the lull before the storm and encourage homeowners to schedule preventive maintenance of their cooling equipment at a time when it is easier to accommodate their schedules. Making preventive maintenance part of a seasonal changeover of equipment works to the customer’s advantage. Using a reputable, licensed HVAC contractor to inspect their equipment will ensure that their system is operating properly and efficiently, contributing to savings in energy bills and reducing or eliminating expenses associated with unexpected equipment failure. Preventive maintenance also helps to extend the life of HVAC equipment and saves money by detecting and addressing small issues before they become major problems. Contractors also realize benefits from scheduled preventive maintenance. These periodic equipment checks provide opportunities for contractors to get to know their customers and how they use and care for their equipment, even as the contractors become better acquainted with the equipment. Preventive maintenance inspections also provide an important source of repeat business.

Preventive maintenance helps to extend the life of HVAC equipment, saves homeowners money by detecting and addressing small issues before they become major problems, helps contractors become better acquainted with their customers and equipment, and allows for repeat business.

Begin with LAST YEAR’S NOTES The preventive maintenance call actually begins before the service technician sets foot on the homeowner’s property. This is when the contractor should review notes from previous service calls and determine what steps might be suggested to the homeowner to prevent the reoccurrence of related problems during the upcoming cooling season. If corrective action was postponed at the end of the last cooling season, perhaps now is the time to address it. Upon arriving at the homeowner’s property, the contractor should first inspect the outside condensing unit. A visual inspection looks for improperly sealed ducts and rust or corrosion on the unit, as well as standing water in the drain pans. Moisture stains on the equipment should also be noted, as well as any scorching or other signs of overheating.

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• B e g i n w i t h l a s t y ear ’ s n o t es • It ’s all ab o u t t h e co il It’s all about

Travis Keyser is a residential field service supervisor with Johnson Controls.

THE COIL

The outdoor coil, whether it is a microchannel or tube and fin coil, needs to be properly cleaned in order to ensure the efficiency of the system and its ability to cool the home. Cobwebs, leaves and grass clippings should be removed, especially around the bottom of the coil, where they can rot and, in the process, rust the metal base pan and cause premature failure of the coil. The outdoor coil should be cleaned from the inside out, top to bottom, and then lightly rinsed to remove all particulates. Hosing the coil from the outside will only push contaminants inside the unit. Whenever a cleaning agent is used, be certain to read the chemical ingredients carefully and dilute the cleaner to the point where it will not harm children, pets or plants. The contractor should also inspect fan blade for nicks or other damage, because a damaged fan blade can vibrate, causing excessive noise and wear on the fan motor. This is also the time to straighten or comb the fins and pull open the control panel to be certain nothing has made a nest over the capacitor or any other electrical components.

Again, clean out any debris or cobwebs, being careful not to spray the electrical components with water. The fan motor should also be inspected, and any serviceable bearings should be oiled at this time to reduce friction. Before going inside the home, the contractor should also examine all electrical connections to be sure they are tight and the wiring is not degraded, the result of either prolonged exposure to the sun or chafing. It is good customer service to replace worn or otherwise degraded wiring at no charge. Customers will likely note that this service was provided at no additional cost to them and will more than cover the contractor’s small investment when they place a call to the contractor for service or new equipment in the future.

M e c h a n i c a l

Spring preventive maintenance includes checking the pressure of the outdoor unit to ensure system efficiency.

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103

HVAC CON’T

continued from page 103

A matched pair, inside and out

CHECK THE INSIDE COIL Inside the home, one of the first things the contractor should look at is the filter. Pulling it out and examining it may help determine how frequently the homeowner is changing it. If the filter is dirty, replace it and make a note to remind the homeowner of the importance of regularly changing filters. Then, remove the front panel and examine the inside of the coil. Dust and dirt will accumulate here, negatively impacting airflow, so be certain the coil is clean inside and out. The condensate drain line that carries water condensation away from the indoor coil should also be examined. A clogged drain can cause water damage in the house and impact humidity levels.

resulting in premature motor failure. But before that happens, air flow is compromised, and low air flow diminishes the life of the compressor, the efficiency of the total system and the system ca pacity. Also take time to examine the thermostat in the house. Changing the thermostat’s battery is another good idea, because a dead battery can cause other, more serious problems with the unit. Finally, turn on the system to be certain it starts, operates and shuts off properly.

It is also a good idea to check the static pressure of the system, before and after the coil. If the pressure is good, move to the blower. It is important to remember that just because the blower motor turns well does not mean that it turns efficiently. In fact, dust that is caked onto the fins of the blower motor can cause the motor to become unbalanced, ultimately

An HVAC system in which the outdoor condensing unit is matched to the inside coil will, if properly installed, provide the most efficient operation while ensuring a reliable and comfortable environment for the homeowner. However, in some cases, homeowners opt to replace part of their system without properly matching the new piece of equipment to the older equipment. The result is a system that will most likely not reach maximum efficiency. When faced with a mismatched system during a routine seasonal check, contractors should inform the homeowner of the situation and explain the associated problems. Although there are remedies that can mimic a matched system, the homeowner should be aware of the underlying problem. After all, as soon as a contractor touches a system, in the eyes of the homeowner that contractor owns the system, and any future problems that arise will most likely be blamed on the contractor.

“I can’t take a leak.” “That’s why I only use Dahl valves” valves.”

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“Dahl’s been on our trucks since we started this business in 1979. They use the best brass in the business, their service is second to none and their 25 year warranty is phenomenal. I’ve never seen a Dahl valve leak. A plumber’s biggest problem is callbacks to repair or replace defective products, and Dahl is a 100% sure-fire solution! Brian Arnold A.S.K. Mechanical Services Mississauga, Ontario

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Turn to Quality. Turn to Dahl.™ Made in Canada. Really.

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www.dahlvalve.com

HYDRONIC Smart heat-pump control The tekmarNet2 House Control 406 is designed to operate a two-pipe, single tank, hydronic heating and cooling system. The device controls four on-board heating and cooling zones and is expandable up to 52 zones on the boiler, tank and mix water temperatures. The control is designed to mount on a 4” x 4” electrical box and can be paired with tekmarNet thermostats to communicate heat demands.

www. tekmarcontrols.com

Stratifying storage tank The Lochinvar Strato-Therm+ combines a solar thermal storage tank, indirect water heater and buffer tank. The device is designed to use solar energy and the natural buoyancy of heated water to stratify the hydronic heating water stored in a tank. This process allows the hottest water to rise to the top of the tank for domestic hot water to be generated through a corrugated stainless steel coil. Sizes range from 125- to 900-gallon capacities.

www. lochinvar.com

In-line pump with variable speed drive Part of Taco’s eSmart family of products, the 1900 VFD in-line pump uses variable frequency drives to match system flow with heating and cooling demands throughout the year, even when a lack of extreme high or low temperatures allows the HVAC system to operate at reduced capacity. The pump has a flow range of 10 to 250 GPM, and a head capability to 160 feet. It is available in both singlephase and three-phase models.

www. taco-hvac.com

Wireless zoning system Heating circulator

Uponor’s Climate Control Zoning System uses wireless technology to control every room in a home or building. The system consists of a base unit and interface, which lets users view temperatures and settings of each room and set schedules. The base unit can accommodate up to 12 thermostats and control up to 14 thermal actuators, and the interface can control up to three base units. Thermostats are sold separately.

Bell & Gossett’s Smart line of heating circulators uses an electronically commutated motor and a patented spherical motor design to eliminate the need for a conventional shaft, seal and bearing assembly. The rotor is the unit’s only moving part, and it’s magnetically balanced on a stationary ceramic bearing. The unit features a step-less speed switch with LED for pump status and troubleshooting. The circulator has a maximum system pressure of 150 PSI and a temperature range of 40°F to 203°F (4°C to 95°C).

www. uponor.ca

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HVAC/R Products P Fieldpiece’s S365 Charging Jacket is designed to let HVAC/R technicians service and charge TXV systems in temperatures as low as 3°C. Made from parachute-grade material, the charging jacket is attached to the top of a split TXV system. The jacket brings the pressure drop to at least 160 psi, creating the effect of higher temperatures on the system.

www. fieldpiece.com

The Lifebreath RNC5-TPD HRV features the company’s Selectable High Speed Setting, which will accommodate multiple ventilation rates with a single unit. It has a five-inch port size and a recovery efficiency of 61% at 0⁰C and 31 L/s; or 63% at -25⁰C and 36 L/s.

www. lifebreath.com

Residential steam humidifier The York Affinity Model 8000 is a compact steam humidifier that delivers up to 23.3 gallons of humidity per day. The unit can be installed with 240v, 208v or 120v, and will automatically adjust steam production. The unit can be mounted directly on the duct or up to 20 feet away.

www. yorkhvacdealer.com

Newmac’s WAO-E low-emission wood add-on furnace installs with any residential oil-fired furnace with a firing rate of 0.75 to 1.1 gph. It offers an average wood output 90,000 BTUH, and an average delivered efficiency of 78.6%. The unit features a seven-inch flue pipe and a lower primary air inlet for minimum clean-burning combustion.

www. newmacfurnaces.com

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The Frigidaire 14-SEER B6 air handler uses aluminum Anteater Micro-Channel evaporator coils to combat leaks caused by formicary and galvanic corrosion. The copper-free coils are the same size as traditional tube-in-fin coils but are half the weight of a traditional coil. Unit sizes for the B6 line range from 1.5 to 5 tons, and cooling capacity ranges from 18,000 to 60,000 BTUH.

www. frigidaire.net

Cordless impact driver Part of Hilti’s suite of impact drivers and wrenches, the SID 18-A CPC Compact Impact Driver weighs 1.5 kg and offers a no-load rotation speed of 1,000 rpm. The unit features sealed electronics to protect against humidity and an intelligent power switch to prevent burnouts. Equipped with four LED lights for work-surface visibility, it uses no brushes or cummutators. The driver uses a 1.6 Ah Li-Ion compact battery.

Cordless rotary hammer The Bosch 18V RHH180 SDS-plus Rotary Hammer comes equipped with an 18-volt lithium-ion battery and brushless motor. The motor is sealed from dust and debris and requires no replacement of brushes. The rotary hammer weighs 5.7 pounds.

www. bosch.com

www. hilti.ca

Wireless borescope video transmitter Extech’s BRD10 Wireless USB Video Receiver lets users wirelessly stream real-time inspection video to the web for training or remote decision making. The device, which pairs with the company’s BR200 and BR250 borescope and HDV600 videoscope line, works with Windows XP, Vista and 7, and allows transmission via all major online video services including Skype, Ustream and WebEx.

Multi-voltage charger Designed to charge M18 and M12 lithium-ion batteries sequentially through separate inputs, Milwaukee’s Multi-Voltage Charger is designed to charge the company’s M18 and M12 compact batteries in 30 minutes and extended-capacity batteries in one hour. The unit is included with the M18 FUEL Drill Driver and Hammer Drill Driver, or can be purchased as a separate accessory.

www. extech.com

www. milwaukeetool.com

Truck-bed lock

Snap-off Carbide utility knife Part of the DeWalt family of snap-off knives and blades built with carbide technology, the 25mm single-blade snap-off is designed for heavy-duty applications. The carbide utility blades are manufactured through a process that uses laser technology to deposit tungsten carbide powder to the edge of each blade, which is then sharpened using a diamond wheel.

www. dewalt.com

Master Lock’s Truck Bed U-Lock is designed to deter theft and secure objects being hauled in a pickup bed. The lock is a semi-permanent device that fits into most truck-bed stake hole pockets without drilling. The steel locking body swivels 190 degrees, and a keyhole cover protects the lock from debris.

www. masterlock.com

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PLUMBING Chicago Faucets’ 3500 Series commercial faucets are made of brass with a chrome-plated body and offer a 1.9 L/m outlet. A self-closing metering cartridge provides precise water flow and automatic shut-off. Pre-installed, flexible stainless steel hoses connect the faucet to standard water supplies, and internal temperature control is accessible above the deck.

www. chicagofaucet.com

Dahl’s Universal Tee Dual Shut-Off Valve allows quick assembly of a common or custom dual shutoff stop using any manufacturer’s 5/8 OD compression stops, whether the stub-out is in the floor or the wall. The shut-off works with a wide range of piping options including PEX, copper, CPVC and iron. A female swivel nut on the universal tee lets angle stops swivel, eliminating kinked connectors in confined spaces.

www. dahlvalve.com

OS&B’s Prier P-164 is a frost-proof quarter-turn residential hydrant with a solid brass flange and enclosed screw holes. The C-UPC-certified hydrant features an easy-open valve with a softgrip handle that’s designed to be easy to turn in cold weather. It also has an anti-siphon vacuum breaker with a back-check valve to prevent contaminated water from entering the supply.

osb.ca BRAE offers configurable rainwater harvesting systems for both residential and commercial applications. The systems allow management of filtration, storage, distribution and treatment functions. Commercial systems offer storage capacities of 200 to more than 2 million gallons, while residential systems, which can be installed above or below ground, can store between 225 and 3,000 gallons.

www. braewater.ca

The Watts ZRO-4 ZeroWaste Reverse Osmosis System uses a four-stage system with a 25 GPD thin film membrane. Its operating temperatures range from a minimum of 4.4°C to a maximum of 37.8°C, and operating pressure ranges from 40 psi to 100 psi. No airgap is required during installation.

www. wattscanada.ca 108

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The Sanistar from Saniflo is a combination of a vitreous china toilet bowl, macerator and pump built into a single unit. The tankless system can be used to install a half-bathroom up to nine feet below the sewer line or up to 100 feet away from a soil stack. The system includes a wall bracket, or it can be built into a wall. The discharge elbow can be rotated 360 degrees to fit any type of installation, and a preinstalled non-return valve prevents backflow.

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C A L E ND A R O F

E V E NT S

2 0 1 2 CaGBC National Conference & Expo 2012 June 11-13, 2012 Toronto, Ont. www.cagbc.org

Ride for Habitat July 21, 2012 Woodbridge, Kitchener, Hamilton, Belleville, Ont. www.rideforhabitat.com

Cleaner Heat 2012 June 12-13, 2012 Mont-Tremblant, Que. www.coha.ca

HRAI AGM August 23-25, 2012 Halifax, N.S. www.hrai.ca

OPIA Annual Meeting and Education Seminar June 17-19, 2012 Sarnia, Ont. www.opia.info

COHA Ontario Education Day September 20-21, 2012 Collingwood, Ont. www.coha-ontario.ca

ASHRAE 2012 June 23-27, 2012 San Antonio, Tex. www.ashrae.org CIPH ABC June 24-26, 2012 Montebello, Que. www.ciph.com

GOT AN EVENT? SPREAD THE WORD! If your organization has a conference, trade show or other event coming up, send details to adam.freill@ mechanicalbusiness.com See it all online at www.mechanicalbusiness.com

CIPHEX West November 7-8, 2012 Vancouver, B.C. www.ciphexwest.ca International HVAC Cold Climate Conference November 12-14, 2012 Calgary, Alta. www.ashrae.org/coldclimate MCAC National Conference November 12-15, 2012 Maui, HI www.mcac.ca Construct Canada November 28-30, 2012 Toronto, Ont. www.constructcanada.com NAHB International Buildersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Show January 22-24, 2013 Las Vegas, NV www.buildersshow.com

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W RLD VIEW Jeff Patchell

Proper compliance will save lives I

’ve noted too many life changing tragedies recently to ignore the fact that some in the industry are not taking enough care when it comes to the transport or installation of gas appliances. Recently, here in Australia a young security guard died from carbon monoxide poisoning from a gas pool heater.

The jury found that Hartley had “rushed” and thus “botched” the job. The young lady died within 30 minutes of being exposed to the CO . Fumes had leaked from the flue pipe connected to the boiler in the garage of her townhouse. The case in the U.K. highlights the need for vigilance. Bad or shoddy workmanship will always be found out; however it shouldn’t occur in the first place. With World Plumbing Day recently passed, we were reminded of the industry’s duty to public health and safety. This goes beyond sanitation to a duty of care in all jobs completed by mechanical contr actors of all stripes and disciplines.

The guard was patrolling a gym area in an apartment block with a gas pool heater designed for external use. The heater had been enclosed, leaving it without adequate ventilation. As a result, carbon monoxide was trapped and travelled into an area where the guard was located.

So, take heed. You are responsible for the safety of your clients . Be careful on your job sites and take the time to properly complete your work, with all compliance boxes ticked. No lives need be lost because of poor installation or service practice.

When dealing with gas:

A fatality occurred in another state because a gasfitter installed a space heater in an old fireplace. The installation was compliant, but the bluestone fireplace was so large that the heat generated was absorbed by the structure and was insufficient to create the necessary updraft, so the products of combustion entered the room being heated. Elsewhere in Australia, a family recently lost their two young sons to carbon monoxide poisoning caused by a faulty gas appliance . Those parents are now featured in a media campaign urging families to have their gas appliances checked by a certified contractor. Carbon monoxide is a silent killer that can’t be smelled, tasted or seen. As such all contractors working in the gas sphere should ensure that their training is to up-to-date, and urge your customers to have their gas appliances checked and serviced regularly. And carbon monoxide fatalities are not specific to Australia. In the United Kingdom a gas fitter’s faulty boiler installation led to the death of 24-year-old Zoe Anderson. The technician, Andrew Hartley, had failed to secure the boiler flue pipe with screws and was found guilty of manslaughter. 112

in Australia

• NEVER enclose gas pool and spa heaters designed for outdoor use; • NEVER allow a ventilation source to a flued appliance to be closed (e.g. via a roller door); • NEVER allow exhaust fans or ducts to cause backdraft to the gas appliance; • ALWAYS ensure that flues terminate outside away from windows; • ALWAYS clear dust and debris from inside the appliance and flue after construction; and • ALWAYS ensure there is ventilation at both high and low positions for better air circulation.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY In Canada, Bill C-45 protects against incompetent or dangerous work. The bill was passed a few years ago to cover workplace safety and negligence. It acknowledges that if sloppy work results in death or injury, and an employer was aware of the employee’s poor work habits or lack of proper training, the employer could be charged under the Canadian Criminal Code. According to the Act, “Everyone who undertakes, or has the authority , to direct how another person does work or performs a task is under a legal duty to take reasonable steps to prevent bodily harm to that person, or any other person, arising from that work or task.”

Jeff Patchell is managing director of Connection Magazines Pty Ltd. He operates www.worldplumbinginfo.com, an online plumbing industry knowledge bank.

Why BLUE is the New Colour of On The Job Savings?

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Compiled by Mechanical Business

FUEL ON THE MOVE

3,169 BILLION

Number of cubic metres of natural gas transported by pumps each year throughout the globe.

700°C

Temperature of crude oil transported by barrel pumps during oil production.

COLD CADDY

1234

Refrigerant used in the Cadillac XTS, the first North American car to use R-1234yf refrigerant.

PUMP HISTORY

200 BC Year that Greek mathematician Archimedes invented the screw pump, a design still being used today.

A TITANIC EFFORT

1,213,800

Estimated coal consumption in pounds that the Titanic’s 29 coal-fired boilers used each day — all hand-shoveled by 176 men.

RENO NATION

61%

Percentage of Canadians planning a renovation over the next two years. Top targets are their kitchens and bathrooms.

THE COOLER HALF

50%

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Percentage of Canadian homes with some form of air conditioning system. And no, a bucket of ice and a fan did not count in the study.

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