employment, yet it seems that so far relatively few have managed to start their own business. Given that setting up one's own business requires considerable know-how and a certain amount of financial resources, these low numbers are not surprising. Among these are not only language skills, but also the ability to understand the legal parameters and to find one's way through the German bureaucracy. Therefore, this process can take time. 9 Targeted support for self-employed is limited. Also the existing counseling services are predominantly not tailored to the needs of immigrants since they are little used. We can also say that the self-employment of refugees and immigrants has never been priority for the authorities.
Areas of educational needs and potential for improvement of adult education It is essential for people with migration background to acquire certain competences in order to become self-employed. First of all, the entrepreneurial skills needs to be developed through learning materials. Even reaching and benefiting from the existing consulting opportunities requires long bureaucratic steps so that it is important to develop self-learning systems. Given the digitalisation is the future of the learning, there is a need to offer e-learning platforms as they are not time consuming and anti-bureaucratic.
There are mentoring programmes for refugees and migrants on the small- scale but this local programmes are focused on the daily needs or language skills. There there is a need for the mentorship programmes with the specific aim to support people with migration backgrounds and refugees for developing their own business and improving entrepreneurship or selfemployment skills as well as guiding through the German bureaucracy. The consulting for startups and self-employment are nice offers but they need to be fitted into the needs of the immigrants. Consulting offers specific to migrants are of great importance.
9
OECD (2017), Finding their Way, LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES IN GERMANY
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