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MEDICAL EXAMINER THE BIG O recipe feature PAGE 7

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HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS • HEALTH • MEDICINE • WELLNESS

AIKEN-AUGUSTA’S MOST SALUBRIOUS NEWSPAPER • FOUNDED IN 2006

JUNE 17, 2016

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nyone who follows health news even casually hears The O Word — obesity — constantly. Obesity is blamed for this malady and that one; obesity elevates your risk of suffering from this list of conditions, and that one too. More recently, simple obesity doesn’t seem to be big enough. We’ve now enlarged it to morbid obesity. A synonym for fat isn’t sufficient; now it needs to be morbid: “ghoulish, gruesome, disturbing, macabre,” as one dictionary defi nes the word, as in “Bob had a morbid fascination with torture and death.” Let’s clear the air: what exactly is obesity? And while we’re at it, what is morbid obesity? The basic determination starts with a person’s Body Mass Index (BMI), a general measurement of body fat derived from a simple formula based on height and weight. Simply put, BMI is weight divided by the square of a person’s height. The web is swimming with online BMI calculators, so it’s easy for anyone to determine their BMI. The numbers tell the story: • A BMI lower than 18.5 says you’re underweight. • A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered normal. • A BMI between 25 and 29.9 is defined as overweight. • A BMI between 30 and 39.9 is considered obese. • A BMI above 40 is defined as morbidly obese. Unfortunately, it doesn’t stop there. BMI readings above 45 belong in a beyond-morbid category called super obesity. There is a difference in the definition of morbid between your doctor and, say, Freddy Krueger. In the world of horror, morbid means “characterized by or appealing to an abnormal and unhealthy interest in disturbing and unpleasant subjects, especially death and disease.” In medicine, morbid indicates something “indicative of or characterized by disease.” In other words, someone who is morbidly obese is asking for trouble. In fact, obesity (even without the morbid add-on) is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. In the United States, obesity and its resulting constellation of risks, problems, and actual diseases is estimated to be the cause of some 365,000 deaths each and every year. On average, garden variety obesity shortens life by six to seven years, while a BMI over 40 reduces life expectancy by an average of ten years. What causes obesity? At an individual level, most cases are Please see OBESITY page 16

Babies should sleep on their backs

Kid’s Stuff NOTES FROM A PEDIATRIC INTERN by Caroline Colden, M.D.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, or SIDS, is a heartbreaking topic. Unfortunately, babies still die of SIDS today, although the rates and statistics are improved compared to several decades ago. SIDS describes a case of unexpected, unexplainable death in an otherwise healthy baby less than 1 year of age, with no identifiable cause or reason for death. A great deal is still unknown about SIDS or why it happens. Most babies who suffer from SIDS will die in their sleep, and the most common age for SIDS to occur is among 3- and 4-month olds. Infants who seem to be at higher risk for SIDS include those babies who are born early and/or very low in birth weight. This suggests that their brains and thus the respiratory control centers are not fully matured and thus their breathing could be impaired. Other identified risk factors include exposure to tobacco or tobacco smoke

either during pregnancy or in the home; other substances such as alcohol or illicit drugs during pregnancy can negatively affect the baby’s growth and development as well. Breastfeeding has been shown to be protective in some studies. It is believed that infants sleeping on their bellies or sides contributes to SIDS, which brought about the “Back to Sleep” campaign. “Back to Sleep” encourages parents to place their babies on their backs for sleep so they do not accidentally suffocate themselves laying face down. Cribs or bassinets are also to be flat, not too soft, and free of excessive blankets/toys, etc. This reduces the risks of the baby’s nose and mouth being covered. The most important risk factor to avoid is cosleeping with the baby, or allowing the baby to share a sleeping space with anyone or anything Please see SIDS page 2

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