Diploma project document

diploma project Modular Storage Solutions (Residential Spaces) Sponsor : Urban Ladder, Bangalore

Volume : 1 student : meha Shetty programme : Graduate Diploma Programme in Design

guide : CS Susanth

2014 industrial design faculty (furniture & interior design)

National Institute of Design Ahmedabad

The Evaluation Jury recommends MEHA SHETTY for the

Diploma of the National Institute of Design IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN (FURNITURE & INTERIOR DESIGN)

herewith, for the project titled "MODULAR STORAGE SOLUTION" on fulfilling the further requirements by

Chairman Members :

*Subsequent remarks regarding fulfilling the requirements :

Registrar(Academics)

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

ORIGINALITY STATEMENT

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and it contains no full or substantial copy of previously published material, or it does not even contain substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in this diploma project. Moreover I also declare that none of the concepts are borrowed or copied without due acknowledgement. I further declare that the intellectual content of this Diploma Project is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. This diploma project (or part of it) was not and will not be submitted as assessed work in any other academic course.

I hereby grant the National Institute of Design the right to archive and to make available my diploma project/thesis/dissertation in whole or in part in the Institute’s Knowledge Management Centre in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act. I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my document or I have obtained permission to use copyright material.

Student Name in Full: Signature: Date:

Student Name in Full: Signature: Date:

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

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Copyright Š National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmiited in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission of the copyright holder.

Author: Meha Shetty Printed in India by National Institute of Design.

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Modular Storage Solutions A Diploma project by Meha Shetty

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

National Institute of Design

National Institute of Design (NID) is

Organisation. It has been declared as an

internationally acclaimed as one of the

‘Institution of National Importance’ by the

finest educational institutions in India for

Act of Parliament, by virtue of the National

Industrial, Communication, Textile and IT

Institute of Design Act.

Integrated (Experiential) Design. Apart from being the pioneer in design education in

It has been the recipient of several national

India, it has over the past five decades

and international awards and is recognised

gained recognition as one of the foremost

for its design excellence and capabilities.

multi-disciplinary institutions in applied research, training, design consultancy services and outreach programmes.

Established in 1961, NID is an autonomous institution under the aegis of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India and is recognised by the Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India as a Scientific & Industrial Research

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Acknowledgments

The 6 month long Diploma project was an

project in every possible way.

amalgamation of learning, experiences and challenges. This project would not have

At NID, I wish to thank my guide Mr. CS

taken its present form, had it not been the

Susanth(1) for his guidance and valuable

people around me, who have in some ways

suggestions.He has been a wonderful

or the other played an important role in the

teacher and a great support throughout

successful completion of the project. I take

my years in this institution. Mr. Ramakrishna

this opportunity to thank them all.

Rao(2), Co-ordinator,FID, for his valuable support and encouragement.

Mr. Ashish Goel (9) and Rajiv Srivatsa (10), the founders of Urban Ladder for giving

My family for their love and support. My

me an oppurtunity to work on this project.

friend Swarup in whom I found a strong

Ms.Maya Mathew (3)(Furniture Designer), Mr.

support. Kamlesh kaka, a confidant whose

Rushabh Sanghvi (6)(Vice President- Cate-

opinion I can value at once for its justness

gory Management) and Ms. Sneha Roy (4)

and sincerity. Vanessa, Megha, Vrishti,

(Category Manager) for their constructive

Animesh, Ketki, Anwesha and Varenya for

critisicm and motivation. Mahathi(8),

being themselves.

Pooja(7), Nandini(5) and the whole Urban

Thank you everyone for your support.

Ladder team for helping me durning my

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Synopsis

Urban Ladder, started in 2012 in Bangalore, is

A detailed study of the specific storage/

an e-retailer of furniture that targets

display furnitures and their functions in each

internet-savvy buyers in the 25-50 age group

space within the home was carried out to

who seek trendy and affordable furniture.

understand the possibilities of explorations in

They are now spread in Delhi, Mumbai,

multi-purpose furniture.The second step was

Chennai, Pune,Hyderabad, Ahmedabad,

to study the scenarios in multi-utility storage

Surat and Baroda. In design terms it is

cum displays through research and market

“transitional furniture,� midway between

investigations of qualitative and quantitative

traditional and ornate and contemporary

dimensions of such products.

chrome and glass.

Understanding consumer needs and usage This diploma project brief was to research,

through interviews and home visits were

design and develop a modular/scalable

carried out in order to finalize on the list of

storage/shelving solution that can also

products that could be a part of the range.

accommodate a study space, media

After this stage, it was possible to formulate a

centre etc. This solution should fit well within

more clearly defined brief.The research

a living, bedroom or study area in wood or

clearly showed that Indian homes and

its like. The first step and the most important

consumers demand storages that had the

part towards this project was research.

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

maximum potential in terms of usage and functionality. Therefore storages which are modular, inorder to provide an opportunity for the consumer to create units that fit their need and space perfectly were chosen as the design direction which had to be taken forward.After finalizing the concepts, developing drawings for the prototypes,

“ What works good is better than what looks good, because what works good lasts.�

initial models and some mock up details were made. This stage proved very helpful in understanding the structure and how further

- Ray Eames

they could be improved.

The final products are modular units of storage that can be bought by the consumer individually to create their own storage and display units.

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Contents

CHAPTER ONE

An introduction to the project Project Proposal ...............................................................................................................................................................18 The Sponsor........................................................................................................................................................................20

CHAPTER TWO

Research & Analysis Understanding Modularity.................................................................................................................................................28 Understanding Spaces......................................................................................................................................................32 Understanding Competition.............................................................................................................................................36 Consumer survey................................................................................................................................................................38 Inferences...........................................................................................................................................................................60

CHAPTER THREE

Design Conceptualization Initial Conceptualization...................................................................................................................................................64 Variables v/s Choices........................................................................................................................................................72 Egronomics.........................................................................................................................................................................76 Chosen Concept Direction...............................................................................................................................................80 Refined Concept................................................................................................................................................................88

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CHAPTER FOUR

Final Solution Modular Storage..............................................................................................................................................................106 Construction & Joinery....................................................................................................................................................112 Material.............................................................................................................................................................................116 Hardware..........................................................................................................................................................................122 Prototyping (small scaled)..............................................................................................................................................126 Prototyping (full scale).....................................................................................................................................................134 Costing..............................................................................................................................................................................142

CHAPTER FIVE

.

Conclusion Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................................154 Bibliography.......................................................................................................................................................................156 Production Drawings........................................................................................................................................................158

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CHAPTER ONE An introduction to the project

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Project Proposal

The project brief was to research, design

The target audience was 25-50 age group,

and develop a modular/scalable storage/

the working class population who have

shelving solution that can also

houses that require a shelving/storage

accommodate a study space, media

solution for multipurpose use and can hence

centre etc. This solution should fit well within

customize the combination that suits their

a living, bedroom or study area in wood or

need the best.

its like. The aim was to understand the existing scenario in detail and then try to

A proper design process that involves a

provide a solution that best suits the

qualitative research, ideation,

customer needs both in terms of

conceptualization and designing took place

functionality and aesthetics. As the system is

to achieve the best possible solution. The

modular it had to be manufacturing friendly.

deliverables included technical drawings,

The project involved designing a system,

3-D renders and the full scale prototype.

i.e. more than just one piece of furniture that could be customized according to the needs of the consumer. The need is there, in every household for this product and making it modular added to various possibilities of building on to it.

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ideation

conceptualization

designing

detailing

march

april

9

10

11 12

13

14 15 16

may

june

17

18 19 20

documentation

7

final execution

6

fabrication

5

refining

4

2

mock ups

3

key insights

1

qualitative research

project timeline

july

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The Sponsor

Urban Ladder, started in 2012 in Bangalore, is

firm has always endeavoured to exhibit

an e-retailer of furniture that targets

impeccable quality in the execution of all

internet-savvy buyers in the 25-50 age group

furnitures with a right eye for detail and an

who seek trendy and affordable furniture.

appropriate selection of materials and

They are now spread in Delhi, Mumbai,

production processes within any given

Chennai, Pune and Hyderabad. In design

financial and functional constraints.

terms it is “transitional furniture,” midway between traditional and ornate and

They mainly have products made of Solid

contemporary chrome and glass.

woods like Sheesham and Mangowood.

Most of the furnitures are sourced from

Their vision is to be the world’s best home

various vendors in India as well as abroad.

décor destination and set global

The dont have manufacturing unit of their

benchmarks for distinctive products,

own but have certain vendors with

consumer experiences and honest business

manufacturing facilities, who work only for

practices.

their products.

Its founded by Indian Institute of Management alumni, Ashish Goel and Rajiv Srivatsa, and since its inception in 2012, the

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The Tahiti bed, Dylan Chair and Theia mirror

The Rosewell Range

Dining Range

Arne sofa

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FORZZA, is an established furniture brand in Bangalore with manufacturing facilities, who is also one of Urban Ladder’s leading manufacurer in Bangalore specializing in MDF and particle board furniture.

Their factory in Bangalore has major machines for MDF and particle board cutting, edgebanding, laminate application, drilling etc. They also have a unit specifically for woodworking that has cutting machines, spindle moulding, routers and wood sanding machines. They also have a painting and finishing unit with proper exhaust and ventilation. The factory is around 10 years old and still growing.

Woodworking unit (top) ; wood cutting machine (bottom)

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Clockwise from top: Laminate pressing machine, edgebanding machine, hand held sanding machine, Paint workshop, MDF/Particle board drilling machine and cutting machine.

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The factory specializes in MDF/ particle board furniture, but also works with majorly Rubber wood, Oak, White Ash, Beech, plywood and veneers. They even make their own particle boards with the waste generated from the unused wood, which they later use to produce furniture.

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CHAPTER TWO Research and analysis

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Understanding Modularity

The research began by understanding the

In both the scenarios there is one basic

idea of modularity. Modularity in lay man

possibility that is freedom to create your

terms is defined as the degree to which a

structure using the individual module. But,

system’s components may be separated

the latter has a scope of providing

and recombined.

pre-designed units that act as a gateway for the customer to choose from the different

The brief wanted a modular solution in order

possibilities that can be created from the

to create various possibilities using the same

same individual entities. This possibility turns

design for the customers to choose from.

out to be less confusing and easier to

When modular storages are concerned, the

understand for the consumers, but at the

first thing that comes to mind is the

same it it does’nt provide the flexibility that is

individual module itself. On the basis of the

offered by just buying the individual modules

variety in the basic module, there are two

and creating whatever combination they

main categories in which modular

feel like at that particular moment.

storages can be divided, i.e., A modular

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

system where a single unit keeps repeating

Hence each has its own advantaged and

and a system where more than one

disadvantages, which is represented in the

(multiple) units keep repeating.

image on the right.

Fig.6. Understanding Modularity Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

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The modular system that was to be

to this style, hence this range was also

developed required the freedom to choose

supposed to have that contemporary touch.

and hence customize. At the same time the

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down doors for those cuboidal boxes.

The initial ideation was done to look at

idea was to develop a design that moulds

There were ceratin features which revolved

various possibilities and ideas before

itself depending on space and function. For

around this system, for example the system

moving towards consumer survey. This

instance if a customer buys a TV unit for their

being wall mounted or floor standing, the

helped in opening horizons and also in

living room today, they should be able to

number of different modules involved that

having some initial vague ideas to discuss

convert it into a study unit for their study

will build the unit to form a holistic piece. The

with consumers and get their inputs for them.

room tommorow just by doing minimal

combinations for various features were laid

alterations and keeping the design

down. The design direction involved having

A look at the existing modular systems which

language same.

a combination of wall mounted as well as

provided such a solution, showed that these

floor standing, having atleast two different

key traits were followed by them as well. All

The design demanded modularity for the

modules, by virtue of whose play, different

modular storage/shelving solutions want to

ease of manufacturing. Due to unavailability

combinations depending on various use

provide the maximum number of possibilities

of technically advanced CNC and other

case scenarios, can be created. The initial

with minimum number or individual modular

such machines, the design had to be

idea was to have cuboidal modules of

units. Just by simply placing a hardware at

simplistic and easy to fabricate. Urban

different sizes with a choice of shutter -

the back of modules, the same floor

Ladder follows a contemporary design

opaque, glass, grill, slated etc. Similarly

mounted modules could be used for wall

language and most of their furnitures adhere

providing a choice of sliding drawers or pull

mounting purposes.

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The more the number of different possibilities, more are the number of consumers addressed. Achieving the optimum number of modules with the perfect dimensions and configurations was the challenge.

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Understanding Spaces

The next part involved looking at the

extended into a dining space which is next

different spaces in a house in detail. Each

to the kitchen. The houses that have more

room of the house is a combination of

number of bedrooms, generally convert

different spaces that embark varied

their extra bedrooms to a kids room or a

functions and emotions. In most scenarios

study room. People who don’t have big

the same room serves varied functions at

houses and cannot have a room

different points of time. As the space

specifically for study purposes generally

revolves around its designated function, the

designate a small space in living room or

tools that aid those functions need to be

bedroom for this activity by keeping a desk

stored in these spaces. Hence comes to play

and chair in that space. It had also been

storage solutions.

observed that people at times use their dining table space for their study activity

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The houses that are seen today are mainly

as well. The storages in each space serves

the fast growing apartments that offer 1-BHK,

differently due to the varied function and

2-BHK, 3-BHK, type of houses (BHK stands for

usage.The adjoining image is a graphical

Bedroom Hall Kitchen).These houses have a

illustration of the different storage needs

living room space, a kitchen and bedrooms

accross different rooms in the house. These

that depend on what type of house you

are the basic and usual storages found in

have. In most scenarios, living room is

most houses.

Understanding Spaces Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

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Living Room dynamics

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The house may be small or big, but in both

more explicit and defined.

scenarios the rooms play a very dynamic role. For instance, living room is a space, that

The living room also acts as a party zone,

undergoes a lot of change in different

hence a space to accomodate a large

scenarios. It is quite dynamic in nature as

number of people at a given point of time

different activities take place in this space

and hence the furniture in the room should

at different points of time and hence the

not be too space consuming and more

furniture or rather the storage solution for this

compact.

space needs to be in sink with this dynamism. The living room space is a family

In most houses that do not have a

space as well as an entertainment room

designated study space, the living room acts

where the whole family comes together at

as the space to sit with your computer and

the end of the day to spend some quality

work peacefully from home.

time together. During this activity the space provides a warm and cozy environment.

At the same time, when guests come over, this same space becomes a little more formal and welcoming. The space becomes

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Understanding Competition

India’s e-commerce market was worth

• Increased usage of online sites, with

about $2.5 billion in 2009, it went up to $6.3

more consumer buying and selling

billion in 2011 and to $14 billion in 2012. India

second-hand goods.

has close to 10 million online shoppers and is growing at an estimated 30% CAGR

The Indian home and furnishing market is

(Compound Annual Growth Rate) vis-à-vis a

pegged at about $20 billion, of which the

global growth rate of 8–10%.

furniture segment accounts for about half.

As about 90 per cent of the market is

Key drivers in Indian e-commerce are:

unorganised, it is an attractive avenue for

• Increasing broadband Internet (growing

online players.Urban Ladder has emerged as

at 20% MoM) and 3G penetration.

• Rising standards of living, upwardly

market whose business functions in the same

incomes

lines as Urban Ladder are Pepperfry,

(including long tail and Direct Imports) • Busy lifestyles, urban traffic congestion and lack of time for offline shopping • Lower prices compared to offline retail

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

furniture in India. Other key players in the

mobile middle class with high disposable • Availability of much wider product range

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one of the most popular e-retailers of

Fabfurnish, Mebelkart and Housefull to name a few. The adjoining chart explains briefly each of the key player listed above along with other attributes.

E-commerce market place Mumbai, 2012 Furniture, Furnishing and other household & family products Any merchant puts up the product online and the company pays back the money to them • • • • • • •

• •

Too many product ranges, makes a customer confused and tired.

No particular style of furniture, its a mix of craft based, modern, contemporary, plastic.

Bad product photography makes the furniture look inferior. No detailed photographs of the indivial furniture pieces.

In most collections there are too many products and each collection thus does not follow a common design language.

Most products are not up for COD. No customer involvement in general but provides customization.

Online retailer Furniture and Home Needs Sources furniture from small vendors from variety of materials, costs and designs

Hybrid between online and offline Gurgaon, 2012 Furniture, furnishings and kitchenware Furnitures of small different brands put together • • • • • • •

Product range is smaller compared to Pepperfry.

No particular style of furniture, its a mix of wood, plastic and fabric No design language, all random pieces.

No collections.

No free delivery No customer involvement 360 degree view of most products

• • • • • • •

Spead over alot of cities Only full payment no COD Variety of products, mix material, Also sell Zuari and other brand furniture.

Less product images No collections Limited but random product range.

More expensive than UL

Hybrid between online and offline retailer Furniture and Furnishings only Own design and Manufacturig setup

• • • • • • • •

Mixed Range : Some categories have more and some have less products All compressed wood furniture with laminate.

No Solid Wood products Metal & Glass in some ranges.

Common Design Decent number of photos per product to give details No customization Decent price Range

Competition Analysis Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

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Consumer Survey

To understand any problem area, the most

products, their feedback on their furniture

importand part is to get inputs from the

purchase and also a generic

people who face the problem. A lot of times

consumer understanding.

there are issues that are neglected and they just adapt to them. As humans, the idea

The follwing are the 10 consumers who were

should not be to get adapted to the

interviewed :

problem, but rather to solve it at the root

1. Ashwini Shetty, Bangalore

cause.

2. Amita Shetty, Bangalore 3. Elsy Shetty, Delhi

A survey was done and 10 homes were

4. Mini Thomas, Delhi

visited and analyzed accross Bangalore and

5. Varna Chandran, Bangalore

Delhi. Some telephonic interviews also took

6. Dipti Das, Bangalore

place with some Urban Ladder customers in

7. Nirmala Bhaskar, Gurgaon

Bombay. All the homes that were visited

8. Ruchira Mattoo, Bangalore

ranged from 2-BHKs to duplexes.The

9. Saloni Patel, Bangalore

consumer survey involved looking at their

10. Aarti Srivatsava, Delhi

existing storage solutions in different spaces, their detailed study. Their views on storages and what they look for when they buy such

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1

6

3 4

9 7

2

5

10

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

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Ashwini believes in simplistic and minimalistic furniture. She puts function before asthetics and has no solid wood fetish. She prefers to see the furniture before she buys. Brand tags are not important to her, she feels that if a good design is given to a local carpenter, it more cost effective.

LIVING ROOM S.no

Product

1.

TV Unit

2.

3.

Material MDF Veneer

Shoe Rack Solid Wood Glass Shelves

Brand

Age

Cost

Housefull

10 months

7,490

Rajasthani 6-7 months Craftsman

15,000

Glass + SS fixtures

Local Carpenter

1 year

Material MDF Veneer

Brand

Age

Cost

Housefull

10 months

8,690

Delhi Carpenter

7 yrs

Function TV and related accessories only Newspapers,Shoes, Umbrellas Artefacts, Photographs

STUDY ROOM

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

S.no

Product

4.

Book Shelf

5.

Side Table

Plywood

Function Books,stationary, tools Scanner , Computer

4.

4.

4.

5.

4.

5.

Some photographs of Ashwini’s furniture

1.

1.

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Amita likes to have furniture at her home that is unique to her house. She has a solid wood fetish and believes in clean and sophisticated design. She longs for the freedom of customization in the Indian furniture market. She feels when it comes to storages, with kids around, it very important to have closed storages, inorder to dump the clutter created by them.

LIVING ROOM S.no

Product

1.

TV Unit

2.

Chest of drawers

3.

Glass Shelves

4.

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Material MDF Veneer

Brand

Age

Cost

Evok

6-7 months

30,000

Solid Wood

Rajasthani 6-7 months Craftsman

10,000

Glass + SS fixtures

Local Carpenter

10 months

1,000

Small Shelf Solid Wood

Fabindia

6-7 months

4,200

Function TV and big DVD cases Junk, Leftovers, Medicine and daily supplies Modem, God Photographs Small artefacts

1.

1.

1.

4.

Some photographs of Amita’s furniture

2.

3.

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LIVING ROOM S.no 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Product Single Bed Box Storage

Material

Steel Trolley

MDF Steel

Centre Table Side Table Cabinet

MDF Veneer

Display+ Storage Big Cabinet

Plywood

Plywood

Brand Local Carpenter Local Shop Swani Furniture Local Carpenter

Age

Cost

7 yrs

2,500

20 yrs

500

1.5 yr

8,000

15yrs

Plywood

Local Carpenter

15yrs

10,000

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

Plywood

Local Carpenter

5yrs

7,000

Plywood

Local Carpenter

15yrs

6,000

Age

Cost

15yrs

6,000

Function Extra bedding and blankets Vase, calender, photos, telephone,shoe polish Tissues, coasters Medicines,Tissues Telephone,Vase Helmet,old books,toys, crockery,Official papers and files, newspaper

KIDS ROOM S.no 6.

7.

Product Study Unit with Cabinet Storage Double Bed Box storage

Function Books,stationary,Laptop, modem,school supplies Bedsheets, luggage bags, extra pillows

MASTER BEDROOM S.no 8.

9.

10.

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Product Console Table

Brand Local Solid Wood Carpenter Inbuilt in TV Storage Cement Double Bed Box storage

Material

Plywood

Local Carpenter

Function Office papers and bedside supplies TV and its accessories Vaccum cleaner,extra crockery,luggage bags

Elsy feels that furniture should be cost effective and functional. She prefers to buy her furniture instead of custom making as it is

2.

3.

Some photographs of Elsy’s furniture

less confusing and more convenient.

9.

8.

3.

5.

6.

6.

8.

4.

4.

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

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LIVING ROOM S.no

Product Corner Table

Material Plywood Veneer

Brand Home Town

2.

TV Unit

Plywood Glass

3.

Bar Unit

1.

Age

Cost

4yrs

8,000

Local Carpenter

4yrs

12,500

Plywood Glass

Local Carpenter

4yrs

15,000

Function Music System, office papers Vase, Toys, Telephone, Artefacts, Awards, Photos Glasses, alcohol bottles, Tissues

BEDROOM 1 S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

4.

TV Unit

Plywood Glass

Local Carpenter

8yrs

15,800

Material Plywood Veneer

Brand Swani Furniture

Age

Cost

8yrs

7,500

Plywood Veneer

Local Shop

3yrs

7,500

Function TV, crockery, cosmetics,Books, Packed food, CDs, Papers

BEDROOM 2 S.no

Product

5.

Study Unit

6.

Computer Table

Function Old Books, Cosmetics, Stationary

MASTER BEDROOM

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

7.

Bedside Tables X 2

Plywood Veneer

Local Carpenter

4yrs

7,000

8.

Computer Table

Plywood Veneer

Local Carpenter

4yrs

38,000

Function Vase, purse, toothpaste, medicines, papers Old clothes, extra bedding

5.

6.

Mini believes in displaying her collectibles and as they are very impotant to her she wants to display them lavishly. She feels that a local carpenter gives her what she wants and the final piece has the dimensions that fit her space perfectly. She has her own design style which she feels she can achieve via a local carpenter. She gives importance to aesthetics and she feels that function just follows it.

Some photographs of Mini’s furniture

2.

1.

1.

4.

7.

3.

3.

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Varna is a Urban Ladder fan and has a solid wood fetish. She is unhappy as she stays in a rented apartment which already has certain in-built furniture units which she cannot change. She faces a lot of problems with cleaning her entertainment unit as its completely open and hence dust prone.

LIVING ROOM S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

1.

TV Unit

Plywood Veneer

In-built

3 months

2.

Small stool Solid Wood (nested set)

3.

Shoerack

Solid Wood

4.

Big stool

Solid Wood

Urban Ladder Urban Ladder Urban Ladder

Cost

Function TV and related accessories, artefacts, bills

2 months

5,499 (for three)

X-BOX

2 months

7,499

Shoes

2 months

5,499 (for three)

Drinking water (tumble top)

Function mobile chargers, water,tissues, medicines, mobiles, bills

BEDROOM

48

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

5.

Bedside table

Solid Wood

Urban Ladder

2 months

4,599

3.

2.

4.

1.

3.2. & 4.

Some photographs of Varna’s furniture

3.

5.

3.5.

3.3.

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LIVING ROOM S.no 1.

Product TV Unit

Material Cardboard

Brand DIY

Age

Cost

2.

Centre Table with drawer

MDF + Glass

Home Center

less than a year

10,000

3.

Wall hung Pocket storage

Fabric

Craft flee market

1yr

300

Age

Cost

Function TV accessories Bills, Medicines, keys, remote, magazines/ newspapers Bills and random papers

GUEST ROOM S.no

Product

Material

Brand

4.

Wardrobe

Plywood + Veneer

In-built

15,800

Function Documents, Bags, Accessories (dresser is never enough), Winter clothers etc.

MASTER BEDROOM S.no

Product

Material

Brand

5.

Wardrobe (Cavity)

Plywood

In-built

6.

Double Bed Box Storage

Plywood Veneer

7.

Bed side Table

MDF + Veneer

8.

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Dresser

Plywood Veneer

Age

Cost

Home Center

less than 1 year

50,000

Old clothes, extra bedding

Local Market

2yrs

3000

Medicine, books, CD’s water, spectacles

In-built

Function Laptop, collectibles, books,medicines, phone chargers etc.

Cosmetics, jewelry,needle thread, extra spectacle boxes, keys, coins.

Some photographs of Dipti’s furniture

5.

5.

Dipti wants easy to move furniture in her house, as she is young and might move houses when she moves job. She feels wall mounted furniture cannot be handled by her alone so she avoids it.

2.

1.

2.

7.

8.

8.

5.

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LIVING ROOM S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

1.

TV Unit Cabinet

Plywood

Local Carpenter

7yrs

2.

Side Table

Solid Wood Local Shop

2yrs

700

less than a year

1500

3.

4.

5.

6.

Corner Window Display Round + Nesting Stool

Built-in Solid Wood Local Shop Local Carpenter

7yrs

Telephone Local Solid Wood Stool Carpenter

7yrs

Display Cabinet

Cost

Plywood

Function TV, Toys, Boxes, DVD player, Tissues, CD’s Small Aquarium, Artificial plants, liquedator Plants, Water Can, Pots, artefacts.

Toys Books, Toys, Photos, Electrical Supplies 2 phones, modem, phone directory

KIDS ROOM S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

Function Kids Stationary, mobile phones, toys, artefacts.

7.

Kids Study Desk

Plywood + Fibre

Local Market

2yrs

2,000

Age

Cost

Function Cosmetics, jewelry,etc.

Photos, Tissues, Electric supplies, A/C remote, nebulizer

500

Stabilzer ( AC )

MASTER BEDROOM S.no

Product Dresser + Storage

Material Plywood + Mirror

Brand Local Carpenter

9.

Bedside Table

Plywood + Veneer

Local Carpenter

5yrs

10.

Folding stool

SS + Fabric

Local Market

2yrs

8.

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

7yrs

6.

7.

Nirmala finds it very difficult to have displays in her house due to her young son. She feels that instead of having big units of furniture,

1.

smaller units are more convenient to move while cleaning and also its cheaper on the

2.

pocket.

Some photographs of Nirmala’s furniture 5.

8.

3.

9.

8.

10.

4.

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LIVING ROOM S.no 1.

2.

Product

Material

Shoe Rack Solid Wood TV Unit

Brand

Age

Cost

Furniture Expo

2yrs

8,000

Function Shoes, socks, slippers, umbrella, helmet.

TV, photos, artefacts, etc.

Plywood

In-Built

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

Function

Plywood

Local Carpenter

2yrs

20,000

Utensils, crockery, napkins

Plywood

Local Carpenter

2yrs

12,000

BOOKS, Files, Documents, napkins, dining mats

KITCHEN S.no 3.

4.

Product Crockery Wall Unit (modular) Pull out storage under staircase

LIBRARY SPACE S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

Function Awards Books,Documents (Showcase Display) Books, Artefacts etc.

5.

Book Shelf

Plywood + Fibre

Furniture Expo

2yrs

20,000

6.

Storage Cabinet

Local Carpenter

10yrs

8,000

Age

Cost

Function

2yrs

10,000

Cosmetics

BEDROOM

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

S.no

Product

Material

7.

Dresser

Plywood

8.

Wardrobe

Plywood + Mirror

Brand Local Carpenter Local Carpenter

15yrs

Clothes, Cosmetics, jewelry,etc.

Some photographs of Ruchira’s furniture 1.

3.

4.

Ruchira feels that storage is always less hence they have utilized their house in the most optimum way avoid any wastage of space. She feels closed storage look cleaner, sleeker and are more convenient.

2.

7.

6.

5.

8.

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LIVING ROOM S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

1.

Shoe Rack

Plywood

Local Carpenter

5yrs

2.

TV Unit

Plywood

Local Carpenter

5yrs

Cost

Function Shoes, socks, slippers, umbrella, helmet.

TV, photos, artefacts, Magazines

GUEST ROOM S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

Function

3.

Study Unit

Plywood

Local Carpenter

5yrs

study area work desk

4.

Puja Space

Plywood

In-built

5yrs

God Idols and other puja related accessories

MASTER BEDROOM S.no 5.

6.

7.

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Product Master Besdroom Storage Study + Storage

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

Function

Plywood

Local Carpenter

5yrs

wardrobe

Plywood

Local Carpenter

5yrs

Storage for books

Dresser

Plywood

Local Carpenter

5yrs

Cosmetics

Saloni prefers sleek simple functional in her house, but unfortunately her house is already furnished by her landlord. She feels her shoe

2.

rack does not have a good design as there

2.

is a lot of space wastage.

Some photographs of Saloni’s furniture

1.

1.

4.

5.

6.

3.

5.

7.

7.

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LIVING ROOM S.no 1.

2.

3.

4.

Product Display cum Storage Corner Trolley Display cum storage Corner Table

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

Plywood

Local Carpenter

12yrs

SS + Glass

Local Shop

12yrs

plywood built-in

Local Carpenter

12yrs

SS + Glass

Local Shop

18yrs

200

600

Function Toys, Awards, crockery, photos, artefacts, papers Microwave, oven dishes Photos, Toys, artefacts, newspapers Music System, Cassettes, CD’s remote

DAUGHTER’S ROOM S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

Function

5.

TV Unit

Plywood

Local Shop

10yrs

2,000

TV and related Accessories

6.

Shoe Rack

Plywood

Local Shop

10yrs

1,500

Shoes, Stabilizer, water bottles

7.

Bed Box Storage

PlyWood

Local Carpenter

8yrs

4,500

Blankets, 1.

Suitcases, winter clothes

MASTER BEDROOM

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

S.no

Product

Material

Brand

Age

Cost

8.

Book Stand Storage

Plywood

Local Shop

15yrs

1,500

9.

Study Storage+ Console Table

Plywood

Local Shop 8yrs + 4yrs

10.

Double Bed Box Storage

Plywood

Local Carpenter

20yrs

7,000 + 2,000

Function Books, Bag, Toys, Cosmetics, headphones, stationary.

Stationary, computer, telephone, clothes, laptop usage, calender. clock photos, cosmetics, books,telephones, medicines.

Aarti prefers a local carpenter over shops as she feels furniture is a one time investment.

She feels that each piece of furniture should Some photographs of Aarti’s furniture

have some level of storage as its a necessity.

1.

3.

8.

4.

6.

5.

2.

9.

9.

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Inferences

After interacting with the consumers and

of the people who are looking to buy

looking at their existing furniture utilities, the

furniture for their house. Most people

following observations were made :

take furnishing their homes as a one time

•

LACK OF CUSTOMIZATION in the market

investment as it is an activity this involves

leads to consumers resorting for local

a lot of time, money and energy.

carpenters. The furniture market in India includes retail outlets and local

•

Due to time contraint, people prefer to

carpenters. The available retail outlets

buy from shops/on-line stores and

provide a vary large range in terms of

therefore SETTLE FOR WHATEVER IS

design but fail to do minimum

AVAILABLE. This leads to a big

customization for their customers. It the

compromise being made at the

customer wants to have customized

consumer end for something that

designs for their homes they have to

embarks the soul and essence of their

resort for local carpenters which turns out

living space. In todays world where

to be a job full of hassels.

people have a right to choose, they desire the availability of choice when it

•

Belief that sourced furniture will NOT BE

comes to furniture.

DURABLE due to unknown making process and materials is another concern

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

•

People want UNIQUE looking SLEEK

design with an option of little bit of

conceal the clutter quickly.

tweaking. They don’t want to directly copy paste the look of their neighbour’s

They prefer to display them in a manner where it is not forced but is elegant.

• Storages are always less in homes,

house but they really like the design of

people want to invest in pieces that can

The general feedback made it clear that

their furniture and hence want some

store AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

the desired furniture needs to be modular in

thing SIMILAR looking but not the same thing as it is.

• When it comes to storages, most people

terms of manufacturing and also modular • Younger population, due to NOMADIC

inorder to create different configurations to

NATURE, prefer completely KNOCK-

suit different consumer needs and spaces.

DOWN solutions for self handling. When

prefer CLOSED storages over OPEN due

they move houses they don’t want to

to : - ease of cleaning

invest in a special person to do the

- clutter dumping (esp. with kids)

packaging before transporting. A

With no time to clean the small things in

completely knock down solution gives

house, most people prefer closed

them an opportunity to dismantle it

storaged as they dont accumulate

themselves, making it easier to transport.

dust so easily. Also with kids in the house the amount of clutter created is

• People want to show off but in a subtle

immense and hence closed storages

way. The dont want the old style show

come to the rescue making it easier to

cases to display their art and collectibles.

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61

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

CHAPTER THREE Design Conceptualization

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63

Initial Conceptualization

After the general feedback consolidation, some initial concept ideas were sketched out. The initial concepts were created keeping in mind the idea of having modules that repeat in space to create different storage combinations. Three broad initial concepts were generate for furthur ideation.

Each of the three concepts worked around different ideas and languages. But all of them had the modularity link common. They were raw ideas that did not involve looking at the materials or joinery/hardware related inputs. It just had first thoughts on how a storage system can be developed in order to have it usable in any space of a house without compromising on the functional aspect. Hence they were developed.

Concept Sketches

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

material

structure

joinery concept

units MODULARITY

open

closed

shelving

storage

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65

Concept 1 The first concept that was developed was a

The system thus developed, provided a

system of four units; a box type unit, a base,

solution that was a combination of open

horizontal planks and vertical poles. So a

and closed shelving providing enough

combination of these four units creates a

opportunity for the consumer to customize

lot of different configurations. Each unit had

and create a configuration that best suits

furthur options interms of sizes and

their scenario.

configurations.

The box type unit could have different configurations in terms of drawers and shutters, the base could have 2-3 different lengths, the horizontal planks could also be available in 2-3 different lengths and the vertical poles could be available in 2 lengths inorder to achieve different height levels.

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Concept explanatory sketch

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67

Concept 2 The second concept that was developed

structures which have squarish cavities that

was a system of two units; planks with

can be either left open or filled in by placing

halway slits and a box type unit.

the box style modules. Furthur the box module can have a choice of the make

So a combination of these two units

and style of shutter/drawer.

creates a lot of different configurations.

Each unit had furthur options interms of sizes.

The system thus developed provided a

The planks are of four types. Each vary by

solution that was a combination of open

virtue of the placement of the slit on the

and closed shelving providing enough

plank. The box type unit could have two

opportunity for the consumer to customize

sizes, which could be configured by

and create a configuration that best suits

understanding the negative spaces created

their scenario.

by the plank modules.

The system functions on a simple principle, where in the planks fix with each other at the slit junction creating strong criss-cross

68

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Concept explanatory sketch

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69

Concept 3 The third concept that was developed was

The open boxes can be either left open or

a system of two units; box type unit and a

filled in by placing a shutter/drawer form a

base.

variety of options.

So a combination of these two units creates

The system thus developed is a floor

a lot of different configurations. Each unit

mounted solution that could have modules

had furthur options in terms of sizes. The box

that can be individually wall mounted as

type unit could have two sizes, one squarish

well. This combination of open and closed

(cubical) and the other rectangular

shelving provides enough opportunity for the

(cuboidal). Even the base could be

consumer to customize and create a

available in 2-3 lengths.

configuration that best suits their scenario.

The system functions on a simple principle, where in the box modules can simply be stacked on top of each other and the finally created structure rests on a desired base.

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Concept explanatory sketch

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71

Variables v/s Choices

After the general feedback consolidation

•

Wall monted v/s Floor mounted

and some sketching of initial concept ideas,

This was an important decision to make

the scenario was still vague as there was too

as the design could only proceed if this

much to offer in a single solution set. Hence

was finalized. Initially idea was to have

it was essential to draw out the various

a design which was a combination of

possible offerering in the form of variables

both these aspects but then later on

and to pick up the aspects that will be taken

after the consumer interactions it was

forward from these variables. It was

observed that a wall mounted solutions

necessary to take this action in order to put

is perceived to be lesser user friendly in

design on tract and formulate a more specif-

terms of self handling as the structure

ic and functional design solution.

is big and heavy to mount and unmount in case of dismantling. Also

After a lot of brainstorming, the variables

for people who live in rented

were listed out and sorted to fall as per

apartments,especially in the case of

priority of the brief. Some of the main

younger nomadic population,rented

variables included the following :

apartments come with constraints that prevent them from drilling/mounting stuff on the walls.

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Hence the idea of doing a floor mouted solution was taken forward.

•

• Completely knock-down v/s Somewhat knockdown

• Wood only v/s Wood and other material

This mainly meant having a solution

As the brand of the company was

Open shelving v/s Closed storage

that is knock down to the extent that it

known for its Wood based products it

This decision was also an important for

can be dismantled as many times as

was felt that a design in Wood/Wood

the design finalization. A equal

possible without ant wear and tear or to

based products would be more feasible

combination of both was considered in

come with a solution that is

to prototype. However, if the design

the begining, but after the consumer

manufactured in components but fixed

demanded the use of materials other

feedback it was thought that maybe

at the customer’s house,and once it is

than Wood/Wood based products,

the ratio of open to close should be

fixed it cannot be

some level of outsourcing could be

lesser and more importance should be

disassembled multiple times as it may

figured with an adequate amount of

given to closed storages. As a lot of

lead to wear and tear. The idea of

trial. This decision was left open and not

Urban Ladder customers are people

having it somewhat knock-down was

fixed, it was left for exploration and

with family and kids the demand for

taken into consideration as storage units

experimentation.

closed storages was

are not the kind of furnitures that will be

more for them.

opened and then assembled multiple

• Self Handlable v/s Help needed

times. Also the target audience is such

This decisions were left to be taken at

that they might not shift houses very

the course of the design as was not

regularly.

considered a priority.

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73

•

Complete customization v/s Considerable Combinations It was decided that a complete customization may lead to a confused consumer and might result in weak structured entities. Hence it was thought that it is better to provide considerable combinations .

• Single unit v/s Multiple units This is was a clear decision as a single unit will not cater to the required possibilities and will also make it the system seem monotonus, hence multipe units was the way to go.

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture &Modularity Interior Designin| origami NID 2014

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Ergonomics

Even though it is said that man is highly

While designing storage units, some

adaptive to any situation, where comfort is

particular anthropometric dimensions need

concerned, optimisation is required. Designs

to be taken into consideration in order to

without due consideration to the body

make the product serve it purpose.

dimensional requirements of intended users do not serve their purpose and have less

When storages are concerned the

user acceptance value. There are numerous

interaction os human body with them should

medical problems that have resulted

be such that the objects that are kept in the

because of the use of articles that do not

storage units should be easily accessible to

match the anthropometry of the users.

the person. He/she should not stress his/body

Wrongly designed systems induce improper

while using it. Hence it is very important to

posture leading to operational uneasiness

consider arm reach heights and lengths.

and musculo-skeletal and some physiological disorders.

Also as the study space is one of the areas that the product will be catering to, special

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Anthropometric data are required not only

attention had to made to look at the thigh

to build furniture suitable for human use, but

and knee clearences in the sitting postures

also to take into account the clearance

to determine the best suitable table top

dimensions when using such furniture.

heights and to look at the arm reaches in

the sitting posture. Another concern was to consider elbow resting height for ease of working while in the sitting posture.

Upper/Mid/Lower position length/height

Upper/Mid/Lower position length/height (leaning)

Vertical Upward arm reach from floor

Vertical Upward arm reach from shoulder and Popliteal

Elbow rest and knee heights

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77

Other considerationa that need to be made include the computer and TV screen viewing heights, distances and angles.Also the angle of the elbow when the arm rests on worktop surface while using the computer.

The TV viewing height should be such that the centre of the TV should be at eye level.

Hence bigger the TV higher is the TV height from the floor.

Ergonomics of using a computer

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Ergonomics of watching TV

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79

Chosen Concept Direction

The chosen variables were taken forwards to

Along the chosen concept direction, some

come up with concepts. The initial

systems were devloped. For a better

conceptualization resulted in taking the third

understanding of each system, some test

concept forward. So the task was to design

models were made.

keeping in mind the chosen variables on the lines of the third concept. The third concept mainly involved a system of base and box modules. There would be a base that is separate and there will be box like modules which you put on the base to create your storage/shelving for that particular function.

The challenge now was to incorporate these modules within the chosen variable frame while looking at the fuctional aspects of the spaces where these entities will be used.

There was a thorough brainstroming that followed which led to immense concept sketches and ideation.

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81

System 1 The first system that was developed had a

solutions for different scenarios in a house.

standard set of pre-designed modules that

The modules are of standard sizes and follow

could be placed next to each other

a grid pattern that fits any need.

horizontally on base. The base would have two variations in terms of size. All the modules will have the same depth and that will be the depth of the base. To make the system more modular, the width of the modules will also remain constant.The system mainly comprised of five modules of which two would be open(one big and one small), it would have an option of shutters (closed/ glass/slated etc.). Other modules would include just a set of drawers and a set of drawer plus pull down combo. The fifth module is a table module for use in study spaces. The system offers multiple

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Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Concept sketchs and models

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83

System 2 The second system that was developed had a similar language like the first one. The difference here was that this sytem had two standard sizes of modules (one big and one small) and the whole system functioned around them. These two modules could be available in a combination of drawers and shutters. Also in this system, the modules were stackable on top of each other unlike the previous sytem. Hence there is a horizontal as well as vertical placement of modules.

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85

System 3 The third system has a slightly different design language where in a third element i.e. vertical poles (apart from the box type modules and the base) was introduced. In this system, the units will be pre designed for specific usages in the houses like the TV space, Study space etc. Hence the modularity lies in the manufacturing rather than in the hands of the consumer.

The possibilities are endless in this scenario.

It works well as it has a good balance of both open and closed shelving. The reason for making this system pre-designed was to prevent consumers from creating a structure which was not stable, due to lack of structural knowledge. Also it reduces confusion and makes the consumers visualize better.

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87

Refined Concept

The systems developed were furthur refined to arrive at a solution that involved even

like

tissues

coasters,mats etc.

• CLOTHES

to the use case scenario. There was a need

• BOOKS/STATIONARY/COMPUTER

to fix on the use case scenario in order to

• CROCKERY/KITCHEN UTENSILS DRESSER

refine the concept at a grassroot level. To

• BEDSIDE ESSENTIALS like medicines

in the living space was noted and then final use case scenarios were chosen. Major categories of storage are as follows: • SHOES + outdoor things like helmet, umbrella, raincoats etc.

• TV and related accessories • DISPLAY for collectibles awards, photographs, showpieces etc.

• DOCUMENTS like paper, files, bills, coupons, tickets etc.

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

ACCESSORIES

lesser number of modules and more specific

achieve this, a list of all the possible storages

88

• TABLEWARE

water bottle, spectacles etc.

• SEASONAL USAGE GOODS like luggage bags winter clothes, extra bedding etc.

• BATHROOM SPACE bath linen, bathing accessories,washbasin storage • KITCHEN STORAGE edible products • ELECTRONIC SUPPLIES like stabilizers, inverters etc.

• KIDS BELONGINGS

As a whole three scenarios were finalized,

module). The system has three base sizes

horizontal module. Module 1 is 1350 x 600

namely:

as well. It follows a grid system where in the

mm in size and can be used as a sideboard

• TV space - that shouls accomodate

smallest unit of the grid measures 450 x 450.

in any room of the house and also as a TV

related accessories which may or may not have a display

cabinet. Module 2 is 1350 x 900 mm in size The modules where created keeping in mind

and can be used as a sideboard like the

the final three chosen use case scenarios.

first module or as a study unit as it has a

accomodate books, stationary,

They can be used individually or in

pull down shutter on the top. Module 3 is a

computer, writing surface etc.

combination with other modules to create

vertical module which is 1800 x 450 mm in

fully functional systems. While designing

size which can be rotated and used as a low

the bedroom space that can range from

each module atmost care was taken to not

height TV unit for wall mounted TVs’. Module

bedside essentials to bath linen.

compromise on the need. As the number of

4 is another vertical module which is smaller

modules had to be reduced considerably

than Module 3, 1350 x 450 in size that can be

each module had serve multiple usages.

rotated and used as a low height TV unit for

• STUDY SPACE - which should

• Empty BEDROOM wall - storage needs of

The new system thus developed involved just four main modules. Each module had two

smaller wall mounted TVs’ as well.

variations in terms of the configuration of

The first two modules are horizontal modules

shutters and drawers. Hence intotal the

and the other two are vertical modules that

system had 8 different pieces (2 from each

can be rotated and also kept like a

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Some initial sketches of the chosen module sizes done during conceptualization to understand proportions and to arrive at the best possible dimensioning that suits both the modularity at manufacturing level and at the same time seves the purpose ergonomically, are displayed here.

These modules can also be used in combination to create various possibilities as depicted in the following images.

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To achieve in getting the best possible solution it was necessary to place the modules and create the various possibilies and see if they are working in the three different chosen scenarios.

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Module 1

1350mm

450mm

Module 3 450mm

600mm

1800mm 1800mm

450mm

1350mm

Module 2

450mm

Module 4 900mm

450mm

1350mm 1350mm 450mm

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Fig.17. Modules and configurations Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Fig.18. Some possible combinations

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Handle Once the modules were set, the aesthetic

the design best.

part needed attention. Handles had an important role to play in this regard. One of

Since wooden hangles were not quite readi-

the ideas was to completely get rid of the

ly available in the market it was

handles and give a clean look, but then it

decided that they will be custom produced

was thought that it will make the piece look

for this range and hence should be very

too flat and hence there was a need of

simple and easy to make due to lack of

having handles.

technologically adavanced machines.

Handles would add to the form and give a third dimension to the piece and prevent it from looking flat and lifeless. It was felt that having the base and the handles in the same material and finish will bring about a beautiful design language and add to making the piece a finishes and unified entity. So handle options were chosen and tried out on the software to see which suits

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Some handle options

Some handle options tested on the design Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

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Colour Options When the aesthetic part is being figured,

Hence it was important to come up with

color is the first aspect that is looked upon.

3 neutral colour options which add a little

In the design that was created, till now the

colour and at the same time do not

colours were not given importance that the

overpower the furniture aesthetics.

structure has to be finalized first. Now that the structure was done, colours had to be decided. A lot of colours were mapped on the furniture to see which appeals more.

Some colours were shown to people and feedback was taken.

The generic review was that most people prefer colour, but some-how they dont want their furniture to be too colourful because it make it difficult for them to match it with their interiors. Also there could not be more than 3 colour variations possible as suggested by the sponsor.

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To make the furniture look less colourful, the idea of having all the shutters/drawers facades coloured was taken off.

Previously, the colour language was such that the carcass had wood grain finish and all the shutters/drawers had either white or a coloured finish. Now this was changed to the shutters/drawers having either wood or a coloured finish, wherein the carcass still remains in wood finish.

In the adjoining images, the the portion that is coloured white represents the coloured part in the furniture. This will have 3 colour options that the consumer could choose from.

Module 1

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Module 4

Module 3

Module 2 Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

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colour variations Champagne

Citrus Green

Black

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CHAPTER FOUR Final Solution

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Modular System

The final system developed after massive

Each module has its own individuality in

refinements is a system consisting of four

terms of form and function but yet all form

modules. Each module has a set size i.e.

the same family due to the aesthetic unity of

length and width. The depth of all the

all the modules.

modules are constant. Each module is available in variants, hence in total there are eight modular units.These modular units are

Module 1

Module 1 Module 1 has been designed keeping in

stacked on a base either indivudually or in

mind houes that have televisions that are

combination with other modules to create

small to medium size (not more than 40’’)

furniture units for various use case scenarios.

majorly mounted on TV stands. This module can also address other usecase scenarios of

When a customer wants to buy a product

sideboards in dining, living or bedrooms. The

in this range, he/she can have two ways

module has one variation with opaque shut-

of approaching this; one being to simply

ters and one with glass shutters to address

choose from the set possible combinations

both the audiences (pleople who want/do

and other to build their own configuration

not want to showcase collectibles).

by choosing the modules that fit in their use

The overall size of this module is 1350 X 600

case. The system strikes a perfect balance

mm.It sits on a base of 1350mm length.

between these two options.

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Module 2

Module 3 Module 3 came into existence to cater to an audience who cannot benefit from module

Module 2

1 as a TV cabinet, as their TV’s are bigger in

Module 2 has been designed for a specific

size and wall mounted. The consumer survey

use case scenario, that is of a study space.

suggested the obvious presence of flat

The idea is not to have a full fleged study but

screen wall mounted TV’s accross people

is ti have a storage that can accomodate

and the need for a TV console even though

the study accessories and at the same time

the TV is wall mounted. This module has a

serve as a unit that provides a surface to use

vertical variant which can serve as storage

laptops or for reading/writing. The module

for books/stationary, speakers etc.

also serves the purpose of a sideboard

The overall size of this module is 1800 X 450

storage for anyother scenario in the house

mm.It sits on a base of 1800mm length.

as well. The module has one variation with opaque shutters and the other with glass

Module 3

shutters to address both the audiences like module 1.

The overall size of this module is 1350 X 900 mm.It sits on a base of 1350mm length.

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Module 4 Module 4 is an intermediate between modue 1 & 3. It addresses the usecase of people with small to medium sized wall mounted TVs’. It also has a vertical variant like module 3 which can serve as storage for books/stationary, speakers etc.

The overall size of this module is 1350 X 450 mm.It sits on a base of 1350mm length.

These four modules together can create different combinations for the use cases that are to be addressed. There are three base Module 4

sizes that accompany the modules : 1350, 1800 and 2250 mm. The system is modular to the extent that all the modules along with the base follow a grid pattern (450 X 450mm) without compromising on the function and ergonomics.

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450

450

Module 1 Module 4

Module 3

Module 2

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Possible Combinations 110

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Construction & Joinery

The moular range follows a pattern in joinery

In the end shutters are fixed using the

accross all the modules. All the modules,

required hinges and the knobs are fitted on

being cuboidal, comstitute the basic

to the drawer fronts and shutters.

components like the top panel, bottom panel, side panels , back panel and the

Dowels can provide a strong option when

partition panels (horizontal and vertical).

making cabinetry, because a dowel jig assists in machining evenly spaced holes that

The top, bottom, side and back panels

are square to the surface, and doesn’t allow

together constitute the carcass of the

the drill bit to wander during drilling, they

module. Throught every module the fixation

provide a snug fitting joint with a surprising

of components of the carcass with each

amount of strength. This is particularly true

other is done by the use of wooden dowels.

in sheet goods. The ease of joinery and fast

On each component holes are drilled

construction make dowel joinery extremely

according to the construction and

attractive for such modular units.

respective dowels are glued on to it. The

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horizontal and vertical partitions are then

The adjoining image illustrated the gener-

fixed using minifix depending on the mod-

ic construction of the modules where the

ule. Other components like drawers are also

carcass fits together by means of wooden

assembled with a minifix joinery.

dowels and the partition by using minifix.

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The modules are fixed on the base to form the complete furniture piece. The modules are fixed to the base using the CSK screws (M4 X 40) .

The modules are connected to each other using the mating screws as they provide a both way handling option for locking and tightening the screws.

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The base has a basic tenon and mortise joinery which id furthur strengthened by using CSK screws. As shown in the image above, component B has tenon on both ends which fixes on the mortise in A. Component D and C, which are the legs, also have tenons that fix on a different mortise in component A.

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Material

The brief demanded a modular system of

separated fibres, but can be used as a

storage and hence the idea of mass

building material similar in application to

manufacturing was understood from the

plywood. It is stronger and much more

begining. It was made clear that material

dense than particle board.

used in the design should support this idea

MDF does not contain knots or rings, making

and also make the task easier. For the

it more uniform than natural woods during

modules, the idea of using Medium Density

cutting and in service.MDF may split when

Fibreboard (MDF) was finalized, the reason

woodscrews are installed without pilot holes,

being that the material’s properties sinked

and MDF may be glued, doweled or

perfectly with the desired use case.

laminated, but smooth-shank nails do not hold well. Typical fasteners for it are T-nuts

Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is an

and pan-head machine screws.Typical MDF

engineered wood product made by

has a hard, flat, smooth surface that makes it

breaking down hardwood or softwood

ideal for veneering, as there is no underlying

residuals into wood fibres, often in a

grain to telegraph through the thin veneer

defibrator, combining it with wax and a resin

as with plywood.

binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. MDF is generally denser than plywood. It is made up of

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Benefits of MDF

is modular and needs to manufactured in

particularly for high-volume and repetitive

• Is an excellent substrate for veneers.

bulk. MDF has a tendency to warp or

manufacturing, edge banding is applied

• Some varieties are less expensive than

expand if not sealed. Hence its surface

to the substrate by an automated process

edges need to be sealed by either paint or

using a hot melt adhesive.

many natural woods • Isotropic (its properties are the same in all

laminates. Edge banding needs to done in

directions as a result of no grain), so no

each piece of MDFafter its been laminated

The machine that applies the edge

tendency to split

to avoid contact with water.

banding is called edgebander. An edgebander bonds the edge banding to

• Consistent in strength and size Edge Banding is a process that involves a

the substrate, trims the leading and trailing

narrow strip of material that is used to

edges, trims top and bottom flush with the

• Shapes well.

create durable and aesthetically pleasing

substrate, scraps any surplus, and buffs the

• Stable dimensions (won’t expand or

trim edges during finish carpentry. It is used

finished edge.

• Flexible. Can be used for curved walls or surfaces.

contract like wood)

such as plywood, particle board or MDF, to

Laminates are printed sheets of vinyl layered

increase its durability and give the

to form laminate sheets that protect, seal

Due to the presence of properties like stable

appearance of a solid material. Edge

and aesthetically finish exposed sides of

dimensions, consistency in strength and size,

banding can be made of different materials

materials such as plywood, particle board or

along with cost effectivity, MDF proved to

including PVC, ABS, acrylic, melamine, wood

MDF. They are available in various colours,

be the first choice for a product range that

or wood veneer.In modern applications,

patterns and textures. Laminated surfaces

• Easy to finish (i.e. paint)

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to cover the exposed sides of materials

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Top: Sheets of MDF Bottom: Edgebanding tape and machine are known to be durable and easy to maintain. It is the most widely used treatement done to MDF due to its inability to be used as itself without sealing.

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Hardware

The design being modular has a lot of

making it strong. These are used in the car-

components per module. Hence a lot of

cass of the modules made in MDF.

different varities of hardwares are used to fix all the modular components together. Some

Minifix

of them are as follows:

Minifix is an ideal connector for cabinets. It is

Dowels

a two part hardware, wherein, one part is a

A dowel is a solid cylindrical rod made of

log stemed part, whose one end is threaded

wood employed in numerous, diverse

and it screws to the face of the board and

applications including furniture shelf

the other end locks itself on the second

supports, precise alignment of two objects

part of the hadrware. The second part is a

in a dowel joint ,etc.In a dowel joint, hole is

cylindercial part which is rotated inorder to

bored in both objects and the dowel pin is

lock the first part. It is majorly used in drawer

inserted into the aligned holes. Dowel-based

construction,cabinet shelf fixation etc.

joinery typically employs fluted dowel pins,

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which are a series of parallel grooves cut

Concealed Hinges (16-crank)

along its length. The fluting provides

Used for furniture doors (with or without

channels through which excess glue(which

self-closing feature, and with or without

is used to secure the dowel pin in its hole)

damping systems). They are made of two

canescape as the dowel is inserted, thereby

parts: One part is the hinge cup and the

Wooden dowels and dowel joint

arm, the other part is the mounting plate.

Also called “cup hinge�. Most concealed hinges offer the advantage of full adjustability for standoff distance from the cabinet face as well as pitch and roll by means of two screws on each hinge. As the name suggests, it is not visible from ouside and provides a very clean look to the furniture shutters/doors. The 16- crank indicates that its used for doors that are recessed in a boundary and are not completely exposed on the edges.

Minifix hardware and its fixing mechanism

Concealed Hinge 16-crank

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Drawer Channels

the shank is designed to slide through the

Drawer channel hardware are tracks made

top board (closest to the screw head) so

of stainless steel that are fixed on the edges

that it can be pulled tight to the board it

of the drawers for smooth movement of the

is being attached to. For the design all flat

drawer. There are various types of channels

head wood screws are used, except for the

available, such as linear ball-bearing slides,

door handles which have oval head wood

roller bearing slides, progressive action slides.

screws.

Modern drawer slides are usually categorized in how they are mounted, including center mount, side mount, bottom mount and European mount drawer slide.

The design has side mount drawer channels.

Mating fastners A mating connection is any method of assembling of two or more component parts with mutually complementing shapes. In such connections one of the two compo-

Screws

nents acts as male and the other as female.

Wood screws are commonly available

Male/female screws were used to

with flat, pan or oval heads. A wood screw

connect the module with each other, when

generally has a partially unthreaded shank

put together on a single base.

below the head. The unthreaded portion of

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Mating screws

Drawer Channels

Screws

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Prototyping (Small Scale)

A small scale model was made for better

material was “ Flex Kwik� and live hinges

understanding and to work out any

made with OHP sheets and Hi-bonding

problems that could create problems while

DST(double sided tape) were used in place

developing the full scale modules. The

of Pull down flap stays and shutters. Later it

model was 1:10 scale and was made

was painted to get a clean finish.

using laser cut MDF that was 2mm thick. To achieve the desired thickness, two or more pieces were stuck together.

The model made it easier to make others understand the modular system and also served as a handlable size to carry around.

It involved a lot of challenges in terms of calculating the exact sizes of components and segregating each piece after laser cutting.

Once the model was made, for the clear glass shutters, acrylic sheet of 1 mm was used, which was also lasercut. The bonding

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Process photos of model making

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Final model photos

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Prototyping (Full Scale)

The modular system was prototyped is a

state to the beautiful furniture piece. The

mass manufacturing factory’s modular

MDF is bought from the distributors and

furniture unit. This unit was mainly used for

stored in one part of the factory. From there,

manufacturing wardrobes and modular

depending on the need and the chosen

kitchens. The unit comprised of machines

laminate, the boards are glued to the lami-

that apply pressure to glue the laminated

nate under high pressure in a machine. After

with the required boards and also machines

this process, it is cut into the required sizes

that help in the cutting, drilling and finishing

on a Table Saw. Later, these cut pieces are

of engineered wooden boards.

edge banded with the matching colours on the edge bander. These constitute the dif-

For prototyping purposes, Module 3 was pro-

ferent components of the furniture. All these

totyped along with the medium sixed base,

components are then drilled according to

on whcih it could sit. As this module did not

the design and then finally assembled.

require any glass or other varied materials, the whole prototype was done from start to

The process is illustrated in the adjoining

end in the same factory.

page for a visual understanding.

The manufacturing process mainly involves the jouney of the MDF board from its raw

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l j k

manufacturing process

m

o

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Some factory images og the prototype in production

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The prototype making process was challenging mainly because of the involvement of different wood based roducts and to make them sink perfectly in the design. The MDF laminate had its own colour and finish and maching it with rubberwood base was hard. The woodgrain laminate had a matt effect along with a printed texture of woodgrain. Whereas the rubberwood had to be stained in a manner to attain the canadian walnut finish.

Another challenge was to mch th finish of base with the knobs, as the knobs were bought separately from a retailer and were made from a different family of wood altogether. After repeated trials the desired finish was achieved.

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Sketch

Model

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Render

Full Scale Prototype

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Costing

Costing is an integral part of any furniture

considerably. It even saves time as the

designed by the designer as it is always

process of application of the laminate over

considered desireable to have the most

the MDF doesnt take place. Hence the

feasible design. As most companies, Urban

costing provided in this document are for

Ladder follows cost guidelines and wanted

pre laminated MDF boads.

the product to lie a ina specific prize zone.

As most products of the firm are priced at a

There is a summary costing provided of each

decent value, the design coluld not exceed

module along with another table showing

their price levels.

the break up of the costing for better clarity.

The prototype was a single trial piece and hence pre laminated MDF was not used for it, as readily available pre laminated MDF is not available in all the colours. To buy pre laminated MDF in desired colours, bulk orders need to be placed with the laminate distributers. In a large scale manufacturing scenario, it is more feasible to use pre laminated MDF as it reduces the cost

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MODULE 1 SUMMARY S.No

Item Description

Cost

1

Carcass

2,291

2 3 4 5

Drawers Shutters

606 361 480 940 4,678 2,339

Edge Banding

Hardware Grand Total Overheads @ 50%

FINAL COST 7,017

Wooden Base

CARCASS S No. 1 2 3 4

2,175

Item Description Side Vertical Top & Bottom Shelf Main Back Panel

Width in mm

Height in mm

Thickness No. in mm

Unit

Qty

Cost per unit

Total Cost

450 600 18 4 sft 450 1350 18 3 sft 450 430 18 2 sft 1350 600 9 1 sft ( Cost of Carcass excluding hardware )

11.62 13.08 6.25 8.72

65 65 65 32

755.62 850.07 406.15 279.00 2,290.83

DRAWERS 5

Drawer front interior panel

390

150

18

1

sft

0.63

65

40.93

6

Drawer front panel

430

200

18

1

sft

0.93

65

60.17

7

Drawer back panel

390

150

18

1

sft

0.63

65

40.93

8

Drawer side panel

450

150

18

2

sft

1.45

65

94.45

9

Drawer bottom panel

430

450

9

1

sft

2.08

32

66.65 303.13

(Cost of drawer 425 x 200 )

HINGED SHUTTER 10

Hinged Shutter

430

400

18

3

sft

2

30

Mtrs

5.5

65

361.02

16

480

EDGE BANDING 11

Edge Banding Tape PVC Color 22 shutter

480

(Total Edge banding cost)

HARDWARE 12

Minifix set

10

3.5

35

13

Wooden dowels

M6,40

10

0.75

75

14

CSK Screws

M4,30/20/40

36

0.4

14.4

15

Hinge 16 crank

6’’

3

55

165

16

Drawer Channels

2

324

648

(Total Hardware cost)

937.4

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MODULE 1 (with glass) CARCASS

SUMMARY S.No

Item Description

Cost

1

Carcass

2,290

2 3 4 5

Drawers Shutters

303 268 432 1137 4,430 2,215

Edge Banding

Hardware Grand Total Overheads @ 50%

FINAL COST 6,645

Wooden Base

S No. 1 2 3 4

Item Description Side Vertical Top & Bottom Shelf Main Back Panel

Width in mm

Height in mm

Thickness No. in mm

Unit

Qty

Cost per unit

Total Cost

450 600 18 4 sft 450 1350 18 3 sft 450 430 18 2 sft 1350 600 9 1 sft ( Cost of Carcass excluding hardware )

11.62 13.08 6.25 8.72

65 65 65 32

755.62 850.07 406.15 279.00 2,290.83

DRAWERS

2,175

5

Drawer front interior panel

390

150

18

1

sft

0.63

65

40.93

6

Drawer front panel

430

200

18

1

sft

0.93

65

60.17

7

Drawer back panel

390

150

18

1

sft

0.63

65

40.93

8

Drawer side panel

450

150

18

2

sft

1.45

65

94.45

9

Drawer bottom panel

430

450

9

1

sft

2.08

32

66.65 303.13

(Cost of drawer 425 x 200 )

HINGED SHUTTER 10

Hinged Shutter

430

400

18

3

sft

1.85

65

120.34

11

Clear Glass Shutter

430

600

6

2

sft

3.70

40

148.11

2

27

Mtrs

16

432

10

3.5

35

EDGE BANDING 12

Edge Banding Tape PVC Color 22 shutter

HARDWARE 13

Minifix set

14

Wooden dowels

M6,40

10

0.75

75

15

CSK Screws

M4,30/20/40

36

0.4

14.4

16

Hinge 16 crank

6’’

3

55

165

17

Drawer Channels

2

324

648

18

Catch fittings for glass shutters

4

50

200

(Total Hardware cost)

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1137.4

MODULE 2

CARCASS

SUMMARY

S No.

S.No

Item Description

Cost

1

Carcass

2,714

2 3 4 5

Drawers Shutters

543 598 480 1,337.4 5,672.5 2,836.25

Edge Banding

Hardware Grand Total Overheads @ 50%

FINAL COST 8,508

Wooden Base

1 2 3 4

Item Description Side Vertical Top & Bottom Shelf Main Back Panel

Width in mm

Height in mm

Thickness No. in mm

Unit

Qty

Cost per unit

Total Cost

450 900 18 4 sft 450 1350 18 2 sft 450 980 18 1 sft 1350 900 9 1 sft ( Cost of Carcass excluding hardware )

17.48 13.08 4.75 13.07

65 65 65 32

1137.5 850.07 308.75 418.24 2,714.5

DRAWERS

2,175

5

Drawer front interior panel

390

100

18

1

sft

0.4

65

26

6

Drawer front panel

490

145

18

1

sft

0.76

65

49.4

7

Drawer back panel

390

100

18

1

sft

0.4

65

26

8

Drawer side panel

450

100

18

2

sft

1.45

65

94.25

9

Drawer bottom panel

490

450

9

1

sft

2.37

32

75.84 271.5

(Cost of drawer 425 x 200 )

HINGED SHUTTER 10

Hinged Shutter

490

400

18

2

sft

4.2

65

273

11

Hinged Shutter

546

315

18

1

sft

1.8

65

52 598

EDGE BANDING 12

Edge Banding Tape PVC Color 30 shutter

2

30

16

480

10

3.5

35

Mtrs

HARDWARE 13

Minifix set

14

Wooden dowels

M6,40

10

0.75

75

15

CSK Screws

M4,30/20/40

36

0.4

14.4

16

Hinge 16 crank

6’’

3

55

165

17

Drawer Channels

2

324

648

18

Pull down stay

2

200

400

244 mm (Total Hardware cost)

1337.4

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MODULE 2

CARCASS S No.

SUMMARY S.No

Item Description

Cost

1

Carcass

2,714

2 3 4 5

Drawers Shutters

271.5 330.5 480 1,552.5 5,348.5 2,674.25

Edge Banding

Hardware Grand Total Overheads @ 50%

FINAL COST 8,022

Wooden Base

1 2 3 4

Item Description Side Vertical Top & Bottom Shelf Main Back Panel

Width in mm

Height in mm

Thickness No. in mm

Unit

Qty

Cost per unit

Total Cost

450 900 18 4 sft 450 1350 18 2 sft 450 980 18 1 sft 1350 900 9 1 sft ( Cost of Carcass excluding hardware )

17.48 13.08 4.75 13.07

65 65 65 32

1137.5 850.07 308.75 418.24 2,714.5

DRAWERS

2,175

5

Drawer front interior panel

390

100

18

1

sft

0.4

65

26

6

Drawer front panel

490

145

18

1

sft

0.76

65

49.4

7

Drawer back panel

390

100

18

1

sft

0.4

65

26

8

Drawer side panel

450

100

18

2

sft

1.45

65

94.25

9

Drawer bottom panel

490

450

9

1

sft

2.37

32

75.84 271.5

(Cost of drawer 425 x 200 )

HINGED SHUTTER 10

Hinged Shutter

430

315

18

2

sft

2.5

65

162.5

11

Clear glass shutter

490

400

6

2

sft

4.2

40

168 330.5

EDGE BANDING 12

Edge Banding Tape PVC Color 30 shutter

2

30

16

480

10

3.5

35

Mtrs

HARDWARE

146

13

Minifix set

14

Wooden dowels

M6,40

10

0.75

75

15

CSK Screws

M4,30/20/40

36

0.4

14.4

16

Hinge 16 crank

6’’

4

55

220

17

Drawer Channels

2

324

648

18

Pull down stay

2

200

400

19

Catch fittings for glass shutters

4

40

160

244 mm (Total Hardware cost)

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1,552.5

MODULE 3 SUMMARY S.No

Item Description

Cost

1

Carcass

2,160

2 3 4 5

Drawers Shutters

385 362 480 558.4 3,945.4 1,972

Edge Banding

Hardware Grand Total Overheads @ 50%

FINAL COST 5,917

Wooden Base

CARCASS S No. 1 2 3 4

2,595

Item Description Side Vertical Top & Bottom Shelf Main Back Panel

Width in mm

Height in mm

Thickness No. in mm

Unit

Qty

Cost per unit

Total Cost

450 450 18 4 sft 450 1800 18 2 sft 450 576 18 1 sft 1800 450 9 1 sft ( Cost of Carcass excluding hardware )

8.72 17.44 2.79 8.72

65 65 65 32

566.71 1,133.73 181.35 279.00 2,160.49

DRAWERS 5

Drawer front interior panel

576

150

18

1

sft

0.93

65

60.45

6

Drawer front panel

576

200

18

1

sft

1.24

65

80.60

7

Drawer back panel

576

150

18

1

sft

0.93

65

60.45

8

Drawer side panel

450

150

18

2

sft

1.45

65

94.45

9

Drawer bottom panel

576

450

9

1

sft

2.79

32

89.28 385.23

(Cost of drawer 576 x 200 )

HINGED SHUTTER 10

Hinged Shutter

576

450

18

2

sft

2

30

Mtrs

5.58

65

362.70

16

480

EDGE BANDING 11

Edge Banding Tape PVC Color 22 shutter

480

(Total Edge banding cost)

HARDWARE 12

Minifix set

10

3.5

35

13

Wooden dowels

M6,40

10

0.75

75

14

CSK Screws

M4,30/20/40

36

0.4

14.4

15

Hinge 16 crank

6’’

2

55

110

16

Drawer Channels

1

324

324

(Total Hardware cost)

558.4

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MODULE 3 (open) SUMMARY S.No 1

Item Description

2 3

Edge Banding

Carcass Hardware Grand Total Overheads @ 50%

Cost 2,120 256 124 2,500 1,250

FINAL COST 3,750

CARCASS S No. 1 2 3

Item Description Side Vertical Top & Bottom Main Back Panel

Width in mm

Height in mm

Thickness No. in mm

Unit

450 450 18 5 sft 450 1800 18 2 sft 1800 450 9 1 sft ( Cost of Carcass excluding hardware )

Qty

Cost per unit

10.90 65 17.44 65 8.72 32

Total Cost 708.39 1,133.73 279.00 2,120.82

EDGE BANDING 4

Edge Banding Tape PVC Color 22 shutter

2

16

Mtrs

16

256 256

(Total Edge banding cost)

HARDWARE 5

Minifix set

6

Wooden dowels

7

CSK Screws

10

3.5

35

M6,40

10

0.75

75

M4,30/20/40

36

0.4

14.4

(Total Hardware cost)

148

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124.4

MODULE 4 SUMMARY S.No

Item Description

Cost

1

Carcass

2,032

2 3 4 5

Drawers Shutters

570 120 480 882 4,084 2,042

Edge Banding

Hardware Grand Total Overheads @ 50%

FINAL COST 6,126

Wooden Base

CARCASS S No. 1 2 3 4

2,175

Item Description Side Vertical Top & Bottom Shelf Main Back Panel

Width in mm

Height in mm

Thickness No. in mm

Unit

Qty

Cost per unit

Total Cost

450 600 18 4 sft 450 1350 18 2 sft 450 430 18 3 sft 1350 450 9 1 sft ( Cost of Carcass excluding hardware )

8.72 13.08 6.25 6.54

65 65 65 32

566.71 850.07 406.15 209.25 2,032.18

DRAWERS 5

Drawer front interior panel

390

140

18

1

sft

0.59

65

38.20

6

Drawer front panel

430

180

18

1

sft

0.83

65

54.15

7

Drawer back panel

390

140

18

1

sft

0.59

65

40.93

8

Drawer side panel

450

140

18

2

sft

1.36

65

88.16

9

Drawer bottom panel

430

450

9

1

sft

2.08

32

66.65 285.36

(Cost of drawer 425 x 200 )

HINGED SHUTTER 10

Hinged Shutter

430

200

18

2

sft

2

30

Mtrs

1.85

65

120.34

16

480

EDGE BANDING 11

Edge Banding Tape PVC Color 22 shutter

480

(Total Edge banding cost)

HARDWARE 12

Minifix set

10

3.5

35

13

Wooden dowels

M6,40

10

0.75

75

14

CSK Screws

M4,30/20/40

36

0.4

14.4

15

Hinge 16 crank

6’’

2

55

110

16

Drawer Channels

2

324

648

(Total Hardware cost)

882.4

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149

MODULE 4 (open) SUMMARY S.No 1

Item Description

2 3

Edge Banding

Carcass Hardware Grand Total Overheads @ 50%

Cost 1,626.06 256 124 2,006 1,003

FINAL COST 3,009

CARCASS S No. 1 2 3

Item Description Side Vertical Top & Bottom Main Back Panel

Width in mm

Height in mm

Thickness No. in mm

Unit

450 450 18 4 sft 450 1350 18 2 sft 1350 450 9 1 sft ( Cost of Carcass excluding hardware )

Qty

Cost per unit

8.72 65 13.08 65 6.54 32

Total Cost 566.71 850.07 209.00 1,626.03

EDGE BANDING 4

Edge Banding Tape PVC Color 22 shutter

2

16

Mtrs

16

256 256

(Total Edge banding cost)

HARDWARE 5

Minifix set

6

Wooden dowels

7

CSK Screws

10

3.5

35

M6,40

10

0.75

75

M4,30/20/40

36

0.4

14.4

(Total Hardware cost)

150

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124.4

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151

152

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CHAPTER FIVE Conclusion

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153

Conclusion

This experience was truly one of great learning. Alongside the niceties of how to work in a professional office environment, the designer was also able to learn how online furniture industry works. Also an understanding of how design for the common man takes place, while working with costing, material and dimension constrains. The exercise of taking totally diffrent points of view that need to be taken into consideration when designing furniture for the user, was an eye opener.

Major challenges formed a part of the learning, like how to merge two different materials together to form a harmonious design. The project formed a big learning for future endavours and marked the begining of a professional career.

154

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155

Bibliography

Books Referred Modular Structures in Design & Architechture

Storage Furniture for the home by The Design

Contemporary Furniture by John G. Shea

by Agkathidis

Council

American Contemporary Furniture by Rahul Cabra

Modular Office furniture System. A total

Smart Shelving and Storage Solutions by

perception by Anish Shah

Danny Proulx

The Dunbar Book of Contemporary Furniture

by Margaret Hockaclay

3-D geometric Origami: Modular Polyhedra

The Storage Book: Over 250 Inspirational

World Design. The Best in Classic & C

by Rona Gurukewitz

Ideas for creating stylish home storage by

ontemporary furniture, fashion, graphics and

Cynthia Inions

more by Bernd Polster

design and production of newspapers,

Smart Storage.Stylish Solutions for every room

Contemporary Classics.Furniture of the

magazines and books by Allen Hurlburt

in your house by Joanna Copestick

masters by Charles D, Gandy

Components and systems : Modular

Indian Anthropometric Dimensions for

Technology in Indian Resin Bonded fibre and

construction design structure new

Ergonomic Design Practice by Debkumar

Particle boards Industry by Ministry of

technologies by Gerald Staib

Chakrabarti

Science and Technology

THE GRID : A Modular Storage System for the

156

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

Websites Referred http://www.brickbox.es/

Image Courtesy blog.sub-studio.com/category/furniture/

Pg8,10 www.nid.edu

page/20/

Pg10 www.linkedin.com

http://www.dopludo.com/678/644149/gallery/modular-shelving

Pg21 www.urbanladder.com www.gizmag.com/build-modular-shelv-

Pg39 www.facebook.com

ing/28349/

Pg65 http://www.realkimotion.com/design/

http://waveavenue.com/profiles/blogs/flexiblemodular-shelving

Pg75 wallpirate.com https://www.vitsoe.com/

Pg77 Indian Anthropometric Dimensions for Ergonomic Design Practice by Debkumar

alexey-kolesnik.livejournal.com/20669.html

www.orlareynolds.com/

Chakrabarti Pg78 en.wikipedia.org

lakaskinalat.hu/hir/otlethaz_l?page=7

www.sailrite.com/Snap-Fasteners

Pg79 http://www.toshiba.com/us/recommended-tv-viewing-distance

www.designstory.ru

en.wikipedia.org

Pg97 woodwork290.blog.fc2.com Pg117 www.qrbiz.com

www.exquisiteltd.com/product_info. php?manufacturers

woodwork290.blog.fc2.com

Pg123,125 www.harborfreight.com/catalogsearch/result?q=Windsor, www.hettich.com, ikura.2ch.sc

Meha Shetty | GDPD Furniture & Interior Design | NID 2014

157

Production Drawings

158

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159

Diploma Project Document Meha Shetty (meha.shetty@gmail.com) Furniture & Interior Design

National Institute of Design Ahmedabad