5G OVERVIEW
Contents Introducción a 5G What is driving 5G 5G System requirements
5G New-Radio Potential 5G use scenarios 5G architecture
Introducción a 5G: What makes a 5G system According to NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network), 5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent experience, and enabled by sustainable business models.
Other definitions: 5G is the new generation of radio systems and network architecture that will deliver extreme broadband, ultrarobust, low latency connectivity and massive networking for human beings and the Internet of Things
Introducción a 5G: The challenge for 5G
- 5G is expected to be more spectrally efficient, support many more users, offer higher data rates and provide a more consistent user experience. - 5G is also expected to support much higher device connection densities, prolong device battery life, widen network coverage and make signaling more efficient. - The challenge for 5G is not only to increase the user rates or the capacity, as has been so far for the former generations, but also to master heterogeneous use cases with diverse requirements.
Contents Introducción a 5G What is driving 5G 5G System requirements
5G New-Radio Potential 5G use scenarios 5G architecture
What is driving 5G: The explosive growth of mobile internet
Contents Introducción a 5G What is driving 5G 5G System requirements
5G New-Radio Potential 5G use scenarios 5G architecture
5G System requirements: 3GPP defined requirements
1.4Gbps
120km/h
5G System requirements: 3GPP defined requirements
Contents Introducción a 5G What is driving 5G 5G System requirements
5G New-Radio Potential 5G use scenarios 5G architecture
5G New-Radio: Air Interface Adaptive
5G New-Radio: cmWave/mmWave
Millimeter wave referred to as mm wave or EHF (Extremely high frequency) is the highest radio frequency band in practical use today. EHF includes frequencies from 30 to 300 gigahertz. mm wave is the next band, above “microwave”. It is because this band has a wavelength of between 1 and 10mm that it has given rise to the name “millimeter band” or “millimetre wave”, also called mm wave.
Sub-6 GHz Mainly 3.5 GHz
mmWave Mainly 28/39/60/73 GHz
Visible light 1 2 3 4 5 6
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 GHz
5G primary frequency bands
5G extended frequency bands
Super high frequency (SHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 3 GHz and 30 GHz. This band of frequencies is also known as the centimeter band or centimeter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten centimeters.
5G New-Radio: cmWave/mmWave
5G New-Radio: Massive MIMO
The main reason for Massive MIMO for 5G is 'there is no other choice'. It is highly likely that we will use very high frequency (mm Wave) signal in 5G. High frequency mean that the size of single antenna will be very small and the aperture (the area for receiving energy) will be very small. To overcome this small aperture on reciever side at high frequency, we need to use a large number of transmission antenna.
5G New-Radio: Massive MIMO
5G New-Radio: Flexible Frame
Achieving radio latency values of 1 millisecond will require extremely small radio sub-frame lengths. Simultaneous support of users with very different service requirements, imply support of flexible frame structure with variable TTI size.
This works by locating Control and reference signals before the data to allow continuous processing at the receiver site without waiting for a response. Each subframe can be dynamically set as uplink or downlink to enable resource allocation to follow the actual traffic.
5G New-Radio: Waveforms 4G OFDM resource allocation
5G F-OFDM resource allocation
4G (OFDM): fixed subcarrier bandwidth of 15 kHz.
5G (F-OFDM): Subcarrier bandwidth can flexibly adapt to the packet sizes of different QoE applications.
OFDM
F-OFDM
Service adaptation
Fixed subcarrier spacing (SCS) Fixed cyclic prefix (CP)
Flexible SCS Flexible CP
High spectral efficiency
10% of guard bandwidth
Minimum guard bandwidth of one subcarrier
5G New-Radio: Waveforms Baseline for comparison: CP-OFDM & SC-FDMA Considering several candidates for 5G physical layer: • Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) • Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC or UF-OFDM) • F-OFDM (filtered OFDM) • Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM)
Contents Introducción a 5G What is driving 5G 5G System requirements
5G New-Radio Potential 5G use scenarios 5G architecture
Potential 5G use scenarios: AR
Augmented Reality (AR) enhances a real-world view with graphics
AR will enhance existing service experiences. For example, shoppers can experience how a dress would look on them without trying it on. AR can also be used in emergency situations, for example, firefighters could use AR to see ambient temperature, a building’s layout, exits and potentially dangerous areas. Police officers could use AR with facial recognition to identify a suspect in real-time from the police database before an arrest is made.
Potential 5G use scenarios: VR
Virtual Reality (VR) creates a totally new user experience with the user being in a fully immersive environment.
VR uses are extensive, not just gaming and entertainment. Students could learn inside a VR environment conducted by a remote teacher. Think of capturing and broadcasting 360 degree virtual reality videos from your handheld or being virtually present in 8K quality. Remotely controlling robots, rovers, devices or avatars in real time can help us to work safely outside dangerous places. For public safety, robots could be sent to work in dangerous situations, such bomb disposal or firefighting.
Potential 5G use scenarios: Autonomous Vehicles
Connected cars and vehicles is a hot topic for many industry players from car manufacturers, consumers, and insurance companies to governments. The IEEE predicts up to 75 percent of vehicles will be autonomous in 2040!
Autonomous vehicles can reduce accidents and improve road utilization as vehicles can be driven closer to each other and more safely than human drivers can achieve. Creating a safe transportation infrastructure is a major area where self-driving cars and smart road infrastructures enabled by 5G networks can reduce accidents, saving millions of lives every year. In addition, real-time, ultra-reliable communications between vehicles, infrastructure and smartphones could enable traffic to flow more smoothly, eliminating traffic jams.
Potential 5G use scenarios: Industrial Revolution
Industry 4.0 enabled by 5G networks, can allow manufacturers to automate end to end factory operations and even set up and take down new product lines or entire factories virtually.
With trillions of sensors, machine controlled robots, and autonomous logistics, all capable to talking to each other and operated remotely in real time via 5G networks, manufacturers can achieve 50% improvement in manufacturing productivity by eliminating wastages and leaks, guaranteeing quality, removing process inefficiencies, minimizing labor and energy costs, and responding to demand in real time with zero delays and zero inventories
Contents Introducción a 5G What is driving 5G 5G System requirements
5G New-Radio Potential 5G use scenarios 5G architecture
5G architecture: Key design targets
5G networks will be designed to enable functions to be offered as a service, that is as a “Network as a service”. If all network elements from Access, Core, OSS to Security and Analytics are virtualized and sliced out as one integrated ‘service’, using the power of programmability, the operator can customize such a ‘network instance’ for any industry enterprise.
5G architecture: Ultra-fast and ultra-flexible communication system
5G architecture: Network Slices
UE can be served by multiple User Plane slices at a given time. UE can be served by any Control Plane or User Plane slice at any time. This may depend on factors such as UE capabilities, applications and so on.
An example of Network slices for diverse use cases is shown on this here: •To serve Tables and smartphones Extreme Mobile Broadband slice is used: Scalable Control plane, High performance user plane, potentially distributed and Mobility on demand, including high-speed mobility •To serve Mission critical devices, Critical MTC slice is used: Highest reliability for control plane and user plane, User plane in edge cloud for lowest latency and Local switching •To serve IoT devices Massive MTC dedicated slice is used: Optimized for Sporadic Data Transmission of Short Data Burst, Extreme Power Savings and Enhanced monitoring and reporting.
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