Pages 34-51

LATERLITE FOUNDATION SYSTEM CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT, INSULATING, RESISTANT AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY FOUNDATIONS Fire resistance

ADVANTAGES Lightness In applications with considerable thickness, both in new constructions and restorations, Leca solutions assure an excellent lightness and compressive strength ratio.

For example: Multi-layer foundation Leca mixed with cement grout 15 cm + Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix 6 cm = 115 Kg/m2 Single-layer foundation Calpestop super 5 + Lecamix 6 cm = 60 Kg/m2.

Sound insulation Leca products enhance impact sound insulation. By using a Calpestop mat it is possible to design solutions compliant with Law 447. For example: Multi-layer foundation Lecacem 6 cm + Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix 6 cm: ΔLw = 23.1 dB Single-layer foundation Calpestop super 5 + Lecamix 8 cm: ΔLw = 20.4 dB

Leca is heated and formed at 1200°C and is Euroclass A1 (incombustible). Lecamix screeds have obtained the fire resistance REI 120 certification against the risk of fire from above. For example: Lecamix 8 cm: REI 120.

Fast drying properties The premixed materials of the Lecamix line, with Lecapiù – the waterrepellent expanded clay, have low drying times. They are ideal for the casting of floorings sensitive to humidity.

Multi-layer foundation Lecacem 6 cm + Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix Fast 6 cm:7 + 9 days Single-layer foundation Lecamix Fast 8 cm: 15 days.

Environment-friendly Leca, Lecacem and Lecamix Fast are ANAB – ICEA certified products, suitable for bio-architecture.

FIELDS OF USE

Thermal insulation Leca solutions assure insulated foundations and roofs. For example the multi-layer foundation with high thickness has a thermal resistance level of: Leca mixed with cement grout 9 cm + Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix 6 cm: Rt = 1 m2K/W.

Mechanical resistance Lecacem (25 Kg/cm ) e Lecamix (90-150 Kg/cm ) enable the creation of lightened layers and finishing screeds with a resistance able to withstand also the heaviest stress required from a standard civil foundation.

2

34

2

Single-layer foundation 1 2 3 4 5

Multi-layer foundation

Wood or ceramic floor.

Lecamix screed.

Lightening/insulation layer in Lecacem.

Floor.

Elastic mat for impact sound insulation damp proof barrier with Calpestop mat.

6 Outer strip.

THE INTEGRATED DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS

CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT FOUNDATIONS THE LATERLITE FOUNDATION SYSTEM

TECHNICAL FEATURES

Technical requirements, the needs of the clients and casting problems call for more care in the designing of the foundation.

The Laterlite Foundation System includes certified solutions for the creation of foundations that meet thermal insulation requirements (thermal and acoustic), resistance (mechanical and fire), drying times and environment compatibility.

With Leca, Lecapiù or Lecacem, it is possible to create lightened layers with high thermal strength and limited drying times (even on large thickness). The Lecamix finishing screed line offers drying times according to the type of flooring, assuring effective resistance (mechanical and fire) and limited shrinkage with densities equal to half of sand and cement screeds. If the system is completed with a suitable impact sound insulating mat it is possible to comply also with the requirements laid down by Law 447/95. Particularly, Laterlite markets a cross-linked polyethylene foam mat for soundproofing called “Calpestop” which possess the sound certifications according to the thickness of the mat, of the leveling layer in Lecacem and of the Lecamix screed.

The Laterlite Foundation System is an integrated package of products that help the designer arrange our best certified solutions according to the requirements of the design.

Calpestop Density Kg/m3 approx.

Available size mm At request

THE CALPESTOP MAT Calpestop is a line which includes cross-linked polyethylene foam mats with a density of approx. 30 Kg/m3 designed to complete the impact sound insulation requirements of the Laterlite Foundation System. Available in various thickness sizes and in the BASE, SUPER and TOP versions.

The BASE version is available in the following thickness sizes 3, 5 and 10 mm. In the SUPER version the mat is coated on one side with a corrugated aluminum sheet to enhance resistance to abrasion, the passage of moisture and to make casting operations easier in case of installations and folds near walls. The available sizes are 3, 5 and 10 mm. The TOP version, corrugated aluminum sheet with a primary lead plate 0,35 mm (approx.

4 Kg/m2) in the middle, is available in sizes 5 and10 mm.

CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS IN LABORATORY- I.E.N. GALILEO FERRARIS (TO) Calpestop Super 3 + Lecamix 6 cm: Δ Lw = 19.4 dB Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix 6 cm: Δ Lw = 19.5 dB Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix 8 cm: Δ Lw = 20.4 dB Lecacem 6 cm + Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix 6 cm: Δ Lw = 23.1 dB Lecacem 6 cm + Calpestop Super 10 + Lecamix 7 cm: Δ Lw = 27.2 dB

ON SITE – ENGINEERING DEPART. FERRARA UNIVERSITY Screed floor 20 + 4 cm

Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix 8 cm: L’n,w = 56.0 dB Lecacem 7 cm + Calpestop Super 5 + Lecamix 6 cm: L’n,w = 49.0 dB Wood floor (planking 1,5 cm)

Leca CLS 1400 8 cm + Lecamix Facile 5 cm + Calpestop Super 10 + Lecamix 7 cm: L’n,w = 58.0 dB Copy of the Certificates of the tests can be requested to Laterlite Technical Assistance

Base 30

Super Top 30 30 (lead not included)

Strip 30

3, 5, 10 3, 5, 10 5, 10 3 with non-woven fabric (BASE also on both sides) Class 1, physical grid, border (10 mm)

DELIVERY MODALITY Base and Super 5 1.5 0,8 100 150 25-30

Thickness mm Height of roll m Diameter of roll m Length of roll m Surface m2 Weight of roll Kg

3 1.5 0,8 150 225 25-30

Thickness mm Height of rol m Box of m Length of roll m Surface m2 Weight of roll Kg

Top 5 10 1.0 1.0 0.2 x 0.2 x 1.0 3 3 3 3 12-13 12-13

10 1.5 0,9 80 120 25-30 Strip 3 24 cm 6 rotoli 25 0.5-1.0

SPECIFICATIONS To build the specifications: 1) in case of single-layer foundations start with the item of the Lecamix finishing screed (see page 25 or 29 or 33 or 35); 2) in case of multi-layer foundations also add the leveling layer on which the Calpestop mat will be laid (see page 15 or 17 or 21).

3) then add, in both cases, the item of the mat choosing among: “CALPESTOP BASE”: cross-linked polyethylene foam mat for soundproofing with a density of approx. 30 Kg/m3. Thickness … (3, 5, 10 mm). * “CALPESTOP SUPER”:cross-linked polyethylene foam mat for soundproofing with a density of approx. 30 Kg/m3 coated on one side with a corrugated aluminum sheet to enhance resistance to abrasion, the passage of moisture and to make casting operations easier in case of installations and folds near walls. Thickness …(3, 5, 10 mm).* “CALPESTOP TOP”: cross-linked polyethylene foam mat for soundproofing with a density of approx. 30 Kg/ m3 with a primary lead plate 0.35 mm (approx.4 Kg/m2), in the middle, coated on one side with a corrugated aluminum sheet to enhance resistance to abrasion, the passage of moisture and to make casting operations easier in case of installations and folds near walls. Thickness … (5, 10 mm).* * Also add: Apply the adhesive strip and make sure the vertical part (the adhesive part) is higher than the height of the finished flooring. The mat must be overlapped to the horizontal part to create a continuous basin. The various rolls will have to overlap for at least 10 cm. They also have to be bound together to create a continuous layer, without breaks, avoiding every acoustic bridge. After laying the screed and the flooring, trim the excess lateral strip.

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MASSETTOMIX PARIS FIBER-REINFORCED PREMIXED MATERIAL WITH CONTROLLED SHRINKAGE FOR SCREEDS WITH EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR FLOOR HEATING OR COOLING SYSTEMS

ADVANTAGES Thermal conductivity

Resistant

In floor heating systems the high thermal conductivity ratio (λ equal to 1.83 W/mK certified) allows for a better transmission of heat; thanks to the amorphous stainless metal fibers, also used to enhance the mechanical performances, it is possible to obtain a better distribution of the heat without adding thermo-fluidifying substances. Start-up times are faster and operating temperatures are lower: all this translates into an economically more efficient system.

The effective mechanical features (200 Kg/cm2 for compression), determined by aggregates and binders combined with appropriate admixtures and special fibers in flexible steel, allows for the casting of any type of superficial finishing.

Practical and safe

Applied with a thickness of 4 cm at + 20 °C and 55% of relative humidity, it reaches residual humidity values of 2% in weight after 10 days from casting and is perfect for all kinds of flooring.

Thanks to the packaging bags, the product obtained assures constant performances under every condition, shorter working times compared to the traditional sand/cement mixture with the standard application modalities. Furthermore, the flooring can be directly glued onto the surface after the foundation has dried.

Incombustible

Low shrinkage

Massettomix PaRis is the specific product for the finishing screed of a floor heating system as confirmed by the most important manufacturer’s of these systems.

Thanks to its specific composition and the presence of fibers it allows for the creation of large surfaces even without using meshes and/or joints. Areas without joints up to a maximum of 100 m2.

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Dry

Completely made with a mineral base. Fire reaction “Euroclass A1fl”.

Pumpable Pumpable with standard foundation pneumatic pumps.

DESIGNED FOR FLOOR HEATING SYSTEMS

1

2

3

1) Massettomix PaRis screed 2) Floor heating system 3) Insulating/lightening layer in Lecacem

FIELDS OF USE Screed for floor heating/cooling system.

Screeds in general.

Not suitable for: Outside screeds not waterproof and exposed to humidity.

Thickness lower than 3 cm.

Fresh casting of ceramic tiles, etc.

Heating screed on pre-shaped panels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Heating screed on smooth panels

Flooring.

Massettomix PaRis screed.

Floor heating system.

Insulating/lightening layer in Lecacem.

Floor.

Elastic mat for impact sound insulation and/or damp proof barrier.

Weldmesh.

Restoration of Castelbrando in Cison di Valmarino (TV)

MASSETTOMIX PARIS: PREMIXED M METHODS OF USE PREPARING THE SURFACE The surface (floor or lightening layer) must not have any cracks or inconsistent parts, they must have effective compressive strength, no dust, paint, waxes, oils, rust and plastering residues. In case of direct application on panels carrying piping for floor heating systems there are no particular instructions if not to comply with the specifications of the manufacturer.

PREPARING THE MIXTURE Put one or more whole bags into the mixer; do not exceed 60% of the rated capacity of the mixer; add 2.5-3.0 litres of clean water per bag and mix for at least 2 minutes. Reach a “wet soilplastic” consistency. For an optimal mixture with high productivity levels, approx. 2 - 2.2 m3/hour (110÷120 bags/hour) we suggest using the continuous Lecamix mixer (see upper left photo. The water quantities indicated above are based on our best experience. Higher quantities may extend drying times, lead to lower resistance levels and even bleeding. Lower quantities may cause “burning” to the screed. The operator must carefully control the consistency of the mixture and other features, for example in summer it might be a good idea to put a bit more water and less in winter. Do not make mixing times long. The use of traditional pumps for foundations calls for a higher quantity of water for the mixture.

APPLICATION AND FINISHING The product is laid using the standard concrete techniques: lateral boards and/or marks to determine the exact height, laying of mixture and pressing, leveling out and then float finishing by hand or with an appropriate machine. It is a good idea to separate the screed from the outer walls and/or pillars with a strip, 0.5 cm thick.

We suggest arranging expansion joints when the ratio length/width of the area exceeds 3 and with irregular surfaces (L-shape and/or similar). The size of the area must not exceed 100m2.

The screed is very compact: hence the absorption of the water contained in the adhesive in watery dispersion is slow. Therefore, according to the type of wood and the size of the surfaces, we suggest using vinyl glues with limited quantities of water, or better, glues not containing water (for example bio-components).

WARNINGS • Press Massettomix PaRis well when it is being laid.

• The product must not be mixed by hand. Do not add other inert materials, cement, lime, gypsum, admixtures.

• The freshly laid screed must not be wet and must be protected against excessive drying especially during summer months and/or with strong ventilation.

• An excessive use of the mechanical trowel may make drying times longer.

• If there is risk of humidity rising from the layers below we suggest putting a damp proof barrier between the product and the underlying layer • If an elastic mat is laid for impact sound insulation we suggest increasing the thickness of the screed according to the thickness of the elastic mat.

• Do not apply with temperatures lower than + 5 °C or higher than + 35 °C. • Standard hygrometers with electric conductivity can only give a general indication. We suggest using carbide hygrometers which exactly give the percentage in weight of the humidity (UNI 10329).

• See “General warnings” on page 67.

MATERIAL WITH HIGH CONDUCTIVITY TECHNICAL FEATURES Dry thermal conductivity Average compressive strength at 28 days Areas without joints Fiber reinforced

1.83 W/mK (certified)

about 20 N/mm2 (200 Kg/cm2) up to 100 m2 amorphous stainless metal fibers (l = 20 mm) Fire reaction Euroclass A1fl (Incombustible) Density on site higher than 2000 Kg/m3 Density in package 1620 Kg/m3 Application time 60 minutes Application temperature from + 5° C to + 35 °C Workability 24 hours after casting Suggested thickness ≥ 3 cm Consumption 18-20 Kg/m2 for 1 cm thickness (according to thickening level) Packaging wooden pallets with 56 bags 30 Kg/ each bag equal to 1680 Kg of loose product Preservation conditions in original packages, in and duration covered and dry place with (as per Min. decree 10/05/04) no ventilation.

Maximum six months from packing date.

Ask for Safety Sheet.

λ=

K W/m 3 8 1,

THE ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM Comfort A comfortably heated room is an essential requirement for feeling at ease especially if you spend most of your life in rooms with an artificial climate.

Hygiene Floor systems eliminate the need for heating elements and the formation of dust balls. Furthermore the low difference in temperature between the floor and the room, does not generate convective movements thus reducing the movement of dust and the bacteria inside.

Freedom of design Since the heat comes from the floor, there is no need to study the position of any visible elements in the room (containers and/or radiators, etc.). Hence the space can be used more effectively and the result is more freedom of design.

SPECIFICATIONS Fiber reinforced screed (amorphous stainless metal fibers length 20 mm) with controlled shrinkage for screeds with high thermal conductivity (λ = 1.83 W/mK) “Massettomix PaRis” ideal for floor heating-cooling systems. Compressive strength equal to 20 N/mm2.

Fast drying product (2% residual humidity after about 10 days from casting, for 4 cm thickness). The screed must be separated from the outer structures with elastic materials, minimum 0.5 cm thick and with a thickness not lower than 3 cm. Supplied in bags, mixed with water according to the manufacturer’s indications, laid, pressed, leveled, to the thickness of cm ...

Density on site > 2000 Kg/m3.

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LECA CLS 1400 - LECA CLS 1400Ri THE FIRST STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE PREMIXED FOR REINFORCEMENT CASTING AND SLABS ACTING COMPOSITELY WITH THE STRUCTURE, FOR THE RESTORATION OF OLD WOODEN FLOORS, CONCRETE FLOORS, I-BEAMS AND CORRUGATED SHEETS. AVAILABLE ALSO IN THE 1400RI FAST HARDENING VERSION

ADVANTAGES Lightweight

Safe

Premixed Leca CLS 1400 and Leca CLS 1400Ri weigh 1,400 Kg/m3, a lot lighter than the 2,200 - 2,400 Kg/m3 of traditional concrete. A reinforcement casting 5 cm thick weighs 70 Kg/m2 against the 110 - 120 Kg/m2 of standard concrete. This reduction of the loads is particularly important in the restoration of wooden floors.

Leca CLS is a premixed product. It has a granulation curve and a constant and controlled granular distribution in curve and binder dosing. The simplicity of the mixture assures, with the right quantity of water, the performances of the best concrete.

Resistant Leca CLS although being light has a resistance level similar to traditional concrete prepared on construction sites. Leca CLS 1400 and Leca CLS 1400Ri have a resistance of 250 Kg/cm2.

Practical Leca CLS is packaged in practical and easy-to-handle bags that helps handling and storage operations even in difficult sites and also simplifies mixing operations because it just needs water. For an optimal mixture we suggest using mixers with metering screw (even continuous).

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Incombustible Leca CLS, prepared with Lecapiù, siliceous aggregates and watery binders, has an A1 Euroclass level.

“Compliant” with the standards Leca CLS fully complies with the requirements of the Ministry for Public Works and uses only cement with Conformity Certificate as per Decree 12/7/99 n° 314 as binder (for more information see page 67).

Pumpable It’s pumpable with the standard pneumatic pumps used for foundations.

THE LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE FOR RESTORATION WORKS

5

4 3 2

1

Reinforcement of wooden floor - Alessandro Manzoni house in Milan

1) Structure to reinforce 2) Structure connection system/ Leca CLS 3) Leca CLS 1400 or Leca CLS 1400Ri 4) Elastic mat and damp proof barrier 5) Lecamix screed

FIELDS OF USE Creation of slabs acting compositely with the structure on wooden, concrete floors, I-beams and corrugated sheets. Ideal when a lightweight and resistant concrete is needed, even in short period of time.

Not suitable for: Thickness lower than 5 cm.

Mixture with “wet-soil” consistency.

Wood floor

Corrugated sheet floor Consolidation of wooden floors - Viboldone Abbey in Milan

I-beam and concrete floor

Concrete floor

Seismic beam

Structural casting

1 2 3 4 5 6

Leca CLS (1400; 1400Ri).

Metal frame or weldmesh.

Floor or existing structure to reinforce.

Continuous or dotted metal connectors for slabs.

Premixed Lecamix screeds.

Elastic mat for impact sound insulation and/or damp proof barrier.

Restoration of roof – Church of Loreto

LECA CLS 1400 AND 1400Ri: STRU METHODS OF USE PREPARING THE SURFACE The surface must be clean, without any inconsistent parts, dust or other residues; it must be suitable for reinforced concrete casting. Therefore, reinforcements, connections, spacers and/or form release agents must be applied.

PREPARING THE MIXTURE Tank concrete mixer • Put one or more bags into the mixer; • Do not load more than 60% of the mixers capacity and mix with the rotation axis almost horizontal; • Add 6.5 litres of clean water for every bag; • Mix for at least 3 minutes until reaching a “semi-fluid” consistency.

Mixers with metering screw • Put one or more bags into the mixer; • Add 6 litres of clean water for every bag; • Mix for at least 3 minutes until reaching a “semi-fluid” consistency.

For an optimal mixture with high productivity levels, approx. 2 2,2 m3/hour (57÷63 bags/hour) we suggest using the continuous Lecamix mixer.

APPLICATION AND FINISHING Leca CLS is cast just like traditional concrete. The vibration phase must be performed very carefully so that the Lecapiù granules do not rise to the surface.

FINISHING LAYER A concrete floor is not a foundation and must not be interrupted with the installations (plumbing piping, drains, electric installations, etc.) otherwise the resistance level of the floor itself will be affected. Hence, an adeguatefinishing screed is necessary and we suggest the use of lightweight products (Lecamix line).

If the site limitations do not allow for the creation of a proper foundation it is possible to directly glue the flooring on Leca CLS 1400 and1400Ri, just as on a traditional concrete layer. In this case, be very careful when preparing the casting surface (planarity and smoothness), and use materials and techniques suitable for the concrete gluing (elastic glues, small formats, large joint widths).

Also consider the consequences that the deflection of the layer could have on the flooring and the content of residual humidity before gluing. To maintain good final resistance levels, use the right quantity of water in the mixture (do not lay with a “wet soil” consistency”).

WARNINGS • Remember that more water is a synonym of less resistance: the product must not become “self-leveling”, while it is being cast: the casting on site must be achieved through vibration of the casting.

• We do not recommend hand mixing for premixed Leca CLS. Do not add other inert materials, cement, lime, gypsum, admixtures.

• Leca CLS 1400 and 1400Ri screeds must be protected against excessive drying especially during summer. Furthermore, be very careful with castings on old, highly absorbing foundations (such as bricks) and low thickness (risk of “burning”).

• In case of casting on clay bricks which are visible on the ceiling’s underside it is necessary to foresee a proper protection against possible absorption by support.

• Do not apply with temperatures lower than + 5 °C or higher than + 35 °C. • The use of anti-freezing additives is appropriate.

• Interventions with reinforced concrete in structural works and/or situations acting compositely with the structure must be performed under the control of a certified Technician in accordance with the regulations in force.

• Not appropriate for use with truck mixers or in silos.

• Not appropriate for “facing” applications.

• See “General warnings” on page 67.

UCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE TECHNICAL FEATURES Leca CLS 1400 Leca CLS 1400Ri Density in bag approx. 1.150 Kg/m3 approx. 1.150 Kg/m3 Density on site approx. 1.400 Kg/m3 approx. 1.400 Kg/m3 Application temperature from + 5 °C to + 35 °C Treadable after casting 12 hours 8 hours Dry thermal conductivity 0.42 W/mK 0.42 W/mK Consumption (floor consolidation) appr. 0.33 bags/m2 for 1 cm thickness Characteristic compressive strength ≥ 25 N/mm2 ≥ 25 N/mm2 2 (laboratory)* a 28 gg.

(250 Kg/cm ) (250 Kg/cm2) Average compressive 24 hours 15 N/mm2 strength approx. 25 N/mm2 3 days 20 N/mm2 (construction site)** at 28 days (250 Kg/cm2) 7 days 25 N/mm2 Characteristic compressive strength 20 N/mm2 (200 Kg/cm2) (suggested for calculation) E (elastic modulus) approx. 15.000 N/mm2 Fire reaction Euroclass A1 (Incombustible) Packaging Wooden pallets with 40 bags litres/each equal to 1.4 m3 of loose product

(on request 25 bags: m3 0.875) Preservation conditions in original packages, in and duration covered and dry place with (as per Min. decree 10/05/04) no ventilation.

Maximum six months from date packing. * ** The values of “Characteristic strength (Laboratory)” and “Average strength (construction site)” refer to parts prepared with the water quantities indicated in section “Methods of Use”, made, cured and tested according to the UNI standards in force.

Ask for the Safety Sheet.

REINFORCEMENT OF FLOORS When consolidating wooden floors or in the creation of new floors, for example in corrugated sheeting, it is necessary to restore pre-existing structures and adjust them to the loads required by the standards in force. This is why a mixed structure is created to obtain T-section beams. Basically this means casting a new concrete floor perfectly interconnected with the existing bearing structures. A new concrete casting means increasing the weight of the floor and demanding from the entire building (walls, pillars, foundations) an overload to transfer and divide over the carrying ground. For the floors this also means increasing the different deformations of the structure itself.

Leca CLS 1400 and 1400Ri, designed for this use, thanks to their low weight assure limited permanent loads, hence limited sinkage/warping. The compressive strength is more than enough in most of the cases to absorb the compressive stress.

As for the connectors needed for the connection between the concrete and the existing structure, below are a few suggestions referring to the two main systems and their appliance on wooden floors – dotted connectors (mechanically fixed or with resins) or continuous, are used made of galvanized steel profiles, mechanically fixed using screws fixed to the beams for floors with I-beams or corrugated: dotted connectors, welded, riveted or nailed to the existing structure are used. In all cases the connectors must be checked for the horizontal strength and with wooden floors, for the punctual streangth. It is advisable to use systems produced by specialized companies that often usually assistance both during the design phase and the implementation phase.

SPECIFICATIONS Structural lightweight concrete Leca CLS 1400 (or Leca CLS 1400Ri) premixed in bags with water-proof expanded clay (humidity absorption approx. 1% at 30’ according to UNI EN 13055-1), natural aggregates, Portland cement and admixtures. Density of concrete at 28 days approx. 1.400 Kg/m3. Average compressive strength at 28 days (at 7 days for Leca CLS 1400Ri) determined on cubes prepared on job site 25 N/mm2.

Preparation and casting on site according to the manufacturer’s indications.

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LECA CLS 1600 THE FIRST STRUCTURAL PREMIXED CONCRETE WITH HIGH RESISTANCE (350 Kg/cm2) PRACTICAL, LIGHTWEIGHT AND EASY TO USE FOR ALL APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES Resistant

Ministry for Public Works and use only cement with Conformity Certificate as per Decree 12/7/99 n° 314 as binder (for more information see page 67).

Leca CLS 1600 has a resistance of 350 Kg/cm2, although being light it has resistance levels similar to the best traditional concrete prepared on construction sites.

Practical

FIELDS OF USE

Leca CLS 1600 is packaged in practical and easy-to-handle bags that helps handling and storage operations even in difficult sites and also simplifies mixing operations because it just needs water. For an optimal mixture we suggest using mixers with metering screw (even continuous).

Structural casting or prefabricated elements.

Wherever a structural lightweight concrete with high resistance is requested.

Lightweight

Thickness lower than 5 cm.

Mixtures with “wet-soil” consistency.

Leca CLS 1600 weighs 1.600 Kg/m3, a lot lighter than the 2,200 - 2,400 Kg/m3 of traditional concrete. This reduction of the loads is particularly important to reduce the weight of the structures especially in seismic areas.

Not suitable for:

Safe Leca CLS 1600 is a premixed product. It has a granulation curve and a constant and controlled binder dosing. The simplicity of the mixture assures, with the right quantity of water, the performances of the best concrete.

Incombustible Leca CLS1600, prepared with Leca Structural, siliceous aggregates and watery binders, has Euroclass A1.

“Compliant” with the standards Leca CLS concretes fully comply with the requirements of the

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Structural casting

Casting or small prefabricated structures

1 Leca CLS 1600.

2 Reinforcement.

PRACTICAL AND RESISTANT STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

LECA CLS 1600 METHODS OF USE PREPARING THE MIXTURE • Put one or more bags into the mixer.

• For tank concrete mixers, do not load for more than 60% of the mixers capacity and mix with the rotation axis almost horizontal.

• Add approx. 4 litres of clean water for every bag.

• Mix for at least 3 minutes until reaching a “semi-fluid” consistency”.

For an optimal mixture with high productivity levels, approx. 2 2,2 m3/hour (80÷88 bags/hour) we suggest using the continuous Lecamix mixer.

APPLICATION AND FINISHING Leca CLS 1600 is cast just like a traditional concrete.

CASTING OF SLABS ACTING COMPOSITELY WITH THE STRUCTURE Preparing the surface The surface must be clean, without any inconsistent parts, dust or other residues; it must be suitable for reinforced concrete casting. Therefore, reinforcements, connections, spacers and/or form release agents must be applied.

Finishing layer A concrete floor is not a foundation and must not be interrupted with the installations (plumbing piping, electric installations, etc.) otherwise the resistance level of the floor itself will be affected.

Hence, an adequate finishing screed is necessary and we suggest use of lightweight products (Lecamix line).

If the site limitations do not allow for the creation of a proper foundation it is possible to directly glue the flooring to Leca CLS 1600 just as on a traditional concrete layer. In this case, be very careful when preparing the casting surface (planarity and smoothness), and use materials suitable for gluing on concrete. Also consider the consequences that the deflection of the layer could have on the flooring and the content of residual humidity. To maintain good final resistance levels, use the right quantity of water in the mixture (do not lay with a “wet soil” consistency”).

TECHNICAL FEATURES Density in bag Density on site Application temperature Workability after casting Dry thermal conductivity Characteristic compressive strength (laboratory)* at 28 days.

Average compressive strength (construction site)** at 28 days Characteristic compressive strength (suggested for calculation) E (elastic modulus) Fire reaction Packaging

Preservation conditions and duration (as per Min. decree 10/05/04)

approx. 1,300 Kg/m3 approx.1,600 Kg/m3 from + 5 °C to + 35 °C 12 hours 0,54 W/mK ≥ 35 N/mm2

approx. 35 N/mm2

30 N/mm2 approx. 20.000 N/mm2 Euroclass A1 (Incombustible) Wooden pallets with 48 bags 25 litres/each equal to 1.2 m3 of loose product (at request 24 bags m3 0.6) in original packages, in covered and dry place with no ventilation.

Maximum six months from packing date.

* ** The values of “Characteristic strength (Laboratory)” and “Average strength (construction site)” refer to parts prepared with the water quantities indicated in the section “Methods of Use”, made, cured and tested according to the UNI standards in force.

Ask for the Safety Sheet.

WARNINGS • Remember that more water is a synonym of less resistance: the product must not become “self-leveling”, while it is being cast: the casting on site must be achieved through vibration of the casting.

• We do not recommend mixing premixed Leca CLS by hand. Do not add other inert materials, cement, lime, gypsum, admixtures.

• They must be protected against excessive drying especially during summer. Furthermore, be very careful with castings on old, highly absorbing foundations (such as bricks) and low thickness (risk of “burning”).

• Yield just like a traditional concrete.

• In case of casting on clay tiles where gaps are visible on the intrados, it is necessary to foresee a proper protection against possible absorption of the surface.

• Do not apply with temperatures lower than + 5 °C or higher than + 35 °C. • The use of anti-freezing additives is appropriate.

• Interventions with reinforced concrete in structural works and/or situations acting compositely with the structure must be performed under the control of a certified Technician in accordance with the regulations in force.

• Not appropriate for use with truck mixers or in silos.

• Leca CLS 1600 is not easy to pump on the floor with the methods and the equipment for pneumatic pumping usually used in construction sites. For further information on specific cases contact the technical Assistance office.

• See “General warnings” on page 67.

SPECIFICATIONS Structural lightweight concrete Leca CLS 1600 premixed in bags with Structural expanded clay, natural aggregates, Portland cement and admixtures. Density of concrete at 28 days approx.1600 Kg/m3. Average compressive strength at 28 days determined on cubes prepared on job site 35 N/mm2.

Preparation and casting on site according to the manufacturer’s indications.

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LECAMUR READY-TO-USE LIGHTWEIGHT AND INSULATING MORTAR FOR THE LAYNG AND ROUGHING-IN OF WALLS

ADVANTAGES

FIELDS OF USE

Insulating

Mortar for the preparation of elements, especially insulating, for bearing walls and other types of wall. Mortar for general roughing-in applications.

It eliminates the thermal bridges made from traditional mortar joints and enhances the overall insulating of the wall by 10% without any additional costs. The thermal conductivity of Lecamur è di 0.27 W/mK.

Not suitable for: Outdoor and indoor plastering.

Lightweight 60% weight reduction with same yield of a traditional mortar.

Safe The performance of the mortar are guaranteed by the better composition of the individual components.

Convenient The mortar is easier to prepare (just add water to the contents of the bag), preparation times are lower and there is less waste.

Practical The mortar can be prepared on the floor by simply bringing up practical and light 30 Kg bags.

Fire resistant Lecamur is incombustible (Euroclass A1) and enhances the overall fire resistance properties of the wall.

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Mortar for the layng of thermal insulating elements

Refilling-in of utilities installations

1 Thermal insulating walls.

2 Layng mortar and filling in of utilities installations with Lecamur.

3 Outdoor and indoor plastering.

LIGHTWEIGHT AND INSULATING READY-TO-USE MORTAR

LECAMUR METHODS OF USE MAIN USES OF LECAMUR MORTAR Lecamur as a laying mortar • Savings on heating costs due to the improvement of the overall thermal insulating of the wall. The dry thermal conductivity is 0,27 W/mK, index of reduction of thermal bridges made up by the mortar joints (see below thermography).

• Consistancy in wallsphysical characteristics physical features and hence of the quality of the wall. The average compressive strength is 5 N/mm2.

• Elimination of the colour difference in painting caused by differences between the insulating elements and traditional mortars (not insulating).

• Good transpiration thanks to Leca and other admixtures.

Lecamur for roughing-in applications • Total thermal insulating uniformity also in the filling in and/or roughing-in of all installations and anything else positioned in the insulating wall.

TECHNICAL FEATURES Density in bag Density on site Application time Application temperature Composition in volume Dry thermal conductivity Fire reaction Packing

PREPARING THE MIXTURE All concrete mixers are suitable for the preparation of the mixture: however do not load more than 60% of the mixer’s capacity of the mixer and with tank concrete mixers, keep tank almost horizontal for better mixing results. Add clean water until the desired workability is reached (9÷11 litres) and mix thoroughly.

Let the mixture sit for about 10 minutes before use.

For best quality better mixtures we suggest continuous mixers which make the laying operations easier, guaranteening a continuous and constant mixing of the mortar over time.

Preservation conditions and duration (as per Min. decree 10/05/04)

approx. 850 Kg/m3 approx. 1,000 Kg/m3 60 minutes from + 5 °C to + 35 °C Cement and Lime Hydrate: 29% Aggregates: 71 % 0,27 (W/mK) Euroclass A1 (incombustible) Wooden pallets with 55 bags 36.4 litres/each equal to 2 m3 of loose product (on request 30 bagsi: m3 1.1) in original packages, in covered and dry place with no ventilation.

Maximum six months from packing date.

Ask for Safety Sheet.

APPLICATION For the laying of elements for walls, there are no specific methods. Just do what you have always done with traditional mortars.

WARNINGS • Lecamur must not be mixed with other binders or aggregates.

• Mix the right quantities of Lecamur all to be used it all in about 1 hour..

• Do not apply with temperatures lower than + 5 °C or higher than + 35 °C. • Not suitable as plaster.

• See “General warnings” on page 67.

SPECIFICATIONS “Lecamur” thermal insulating mortar for laying of walls, premixed in polyethylene bags, with hydraulic binders and expanded clay. Density on site approx. 1000 Kg/m3.

Composition in volume: Cement and Lime Hydrate 29%; Aggregates 71 %

SABBIA LECA THE LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE FOR FIRE RESISTANT PLASTERING, FIRE CERTIFIED ADVANTAGES

CAMPI D’IMPIEGO

Fire resistant

Outdoor and indoor plasters, lightweight and resistant to fire, both for civil and industrial use. Plaster that also contributes to thermal and sound insulation.

Lightweight mortars for the laying of thermal insulating blocks.

Sabbia Leca is fire-proof (fire reaction Euroclass A1). The Study and Experience Center of the Fire Brigade in Rome determined that the thickness of a Sabbia Leca plastering should be 2.7 cm for a fire resistance class of 120 for any structure, as long as it is fire-proof (wall or floor). Furthermore, it is possible to reach the maximum level of fire resistance (REI 180) indicated by the regulations in force (hollow brick wall 12 cm with 2 cm of Sabbia Leca plastering).

cm 3 REI 240

cm 2 REI 180

Lightweight Sabbia Leca weighs 1/3 of the traditional aggregate. Plaster made with Sabbia Leca reduces by approx. 30 Kg/m2 the weight of a 3 cm thick plaster.

Thermal and acoustic insulation Plaster made with Sabbia Leca has a thermal conductivity of 0.39 W/mK a lot less than that of a traditional mortar.

Furthermore, Sabbia Leca plaster enhances the sound absorption of the walls.

Practical

A copy of the Official Certifications for the documents for submission to the Fire Dept is available

Sabbia Leca is packed in 50 litre bags. Its limited weight makes it easy to carry even in difficult conditions.

Easy to use By following the suggested quantities, Sabbia Leca is used as a traditional aggregate. The plaster obtained with Sabbia Leca also allows for mechanical laying applications.

Natural Leca does not contain nor releases free silica, fibers, Radon gas and in case of fire it does not release toxic gases. It’s a natural and environment-friendly product.

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Fire protection of structures 1 Plaster on wall and/or floor with Sabbia Leca.

2 Fire-proof wall or structure.

3 Fire-proof floor.

EASY TO USE JUST AS THE TRADITIONAL AGGREGATE

SABBIA LECA METHODS OF USE PREPARING THE SURFACE On bricks or non plastered wall We suggest following the standard instructions for the laying of traditional plaster. If the walls or floors were uncovered for a long period of time or located in dusty areas or areas subjected to smoke, first clean the surface and then lay a specific plaster holding mesh as for traditional plasters.

On plastered walls and floors Verify that the existing plaster is not breaking or dusty, that there is no wax, oil or gypsum and paint. If there isone or more of these conditions emerges, we suggest removing the old plaster, using an adhesion promoter, to mix in with the mixture, or a plaster holding mesh.

Metal surfaces Verify that the metal surface is clean, without rust or oily residues or similar. Use the adhesion promoters appropriate for the surface and use a specific plaster holding mesh.

PREPARING THE MIXTURE Preparation Mix the binder and the Sabbia Leca in a concrete mixer for about 5-6 minutes keeping the rotation axis of the concrete mixer almost horizontal

For outdoors Insulating and fire resistant plaster, prepared with: • m3 1 of Sabbia Leca (20 bags, 50 litres each); • Kg 100 cement type R 32.5 (4 bags, 25 Kg each); • Kg 300 plastic hydraulic lime (6 bags, 50 Kg Kg each); • Water as for the consistency of a traditional mixture.

Carry to the laying site and use within an hour from mixing, even less, in summer.

For indoors Insulating and fire-resistant plaster, made with: • m3 1 of Sabbia Leca (20 bags, 50 litres each); • Kg 400 plastic hydraulic lime (8 bags, 50 Kg Kg each); • Water as for the consistency of a traditional mixture.

Carry to the laying area site and use within an hour from mixing, even less, in summer.

APPLICATION AND FINISHING Apply the Sabbia Leca plaster by hand or with a plastering machine. Do not apply in layers over 1.5 cm thick. For higher thickness lay in two steps. For high thickness and when it is necessary to prepare the casting surface, use a specific plaster holding mesh.

TECHNICAL FEATURES Name Density in bag Fire reaction Packing

Leca Frantumato 0÷2 approx. 600 Kg/m3 Euroclass A1 (incombustible) Wooden pallets with 35 bags 50 litres/each. (1.75 m3 of loose product)

Ask for Safety Sheet.

WARNINGS • The fresh plaster must be protected against an excessive and fast drying, especially in summer.

• See “General warnings” on page 67.

FIRE-PROOF PLASTER Plaster made with Sabbia Leca, applied on walls or structures, significantly improves the Fire Resistance of the wall, reaching high fire-proof levels with low thickness levels.

Equivalent thickness The notices of the Fire Brigade n° 91/61 and n° 73/71 indicate the necessary covering thickness, with traditional plaster to obtain different levels of Fire Resistance for structures (walls and floors).

The Study and Experience Center of the Fire Brigade admitted an “Equivalent Thickness” of Sabbia Leca plaster compared to traditional plaster of 2.15 (1 cm of Sabbia Leca plaster gives the same protection as 2.15 cm of traditional plaster). Hence, any type of fire-proof structure can be made “fire resistant” with the following Sabbia Leca plaster thickness: Plaster thickness Sabbia Leca cm 1.6 cm 2.1 cm 2.7

Fire value 60 90 120

Certified solutions We tested cavityblock walls with traditional plaster of 1 cm on the side not exposed to fire and protected whost on the, fire side, with Sabbia Leca plaster. The results obtained were: Thickness cavity block cm 8 cm 12 cm 12

Thickness plaster on fire side Sabbia Leca cm 2 Sabbia Leca cm 2 Tradizional cm 1 + Sabbia Leca cm 3

Fire value 90 180 240

SPECIFICATIONS Fire-proof and thermal insulating plaster made up of “Sabbia Leca” (crushed expanded clay, type 0-2) and hydraulic binders in the following quantities for every m3 of “Sabbia Leca”: • for indoors, Kg 400 of plastic hydraulic lime; • for outdoors, Kg 100 of cement type R 32.5 and Kg 300 of plastic hydraulic lime.

For thickness levels higher than 2 cm or for binding on smooth surfaces, use adhesion promoters or plaster holding mesh.

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BITUMLECA COLD LIGHTWEIGHT BITUMINOUS AGGREGATE FOR ROAD REPAIRS

ADVANTAGES

FIELDS OF USE

Packaging

Repairing of holes which call for fast and practical interventions and immediate usability. Whenever a bituminous aggregate that is easy to store and handle is needed.

Not suitable for: Repairs in areas with intense pedestrian and/or bike traffic.

Repairs in areas with heavy vehicle traffic, with narrow section wheels (eg. for lifts truck).

Asphalting of large areas.

Every bag weighs less than 30 Kg and can be easily handled by one operator alone in accordance with Legislative Decree 626/94.

Formulation The BitumLeca formula is reliable and environment-friendly.

Lightweight BitumLeca weighs about half of a traditional bituminous aggregate (its mass is approx. 800 Kg/m3), thus reducing transportation times and costs.

Practical and economic BitumLeca is supplied in comfortable bags which make it easy to handle and store and contributes to limited waste of material.

Easy to use The casting on site of this material is equivalent to that of a traditional cold bituminous aggregate.

Summer and winter Two products to make it easier to use in different climatic conditions.

Repair of road holes

Safe BitumLeca, on the market since 1985, stems from the experience that Laterlite gained over the years in the road sector.

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1 Lay BitumLeca.

2 Press.

3 Coat with sand or lime.

IDEAL FOR SMALL ROAD REPAIRS

BITUMLECA METHODS OF USE PREPARING THE SURFACE To assist complete hardening, BitumLeca must not exceed a thickness of 5 cm; hence, if necessary to fill the bottom of deep holes with well-pressed gravel. In case of thickness level similar or lower than 2 cm we suggest using on the surface to repair, a bituminous emulsion to enhance the gripping of BitumLeca.

CASTING THE PRODUCT BitumLeca must be poured and levelled out with a thickness of 1 cm higher than the desired level or the surface to repair. The surface on which BitumLeca is laid must be clean, no dust or residues, all grass removed and well-pressed. If you need to fill holes, shape the outer walls into a regular shape.

BitumLeca may seem a bit hard in the bag, if the room temperature is lower than + 5 °C; in this case open the bag in advance and encourage the softening of the product by breaking it up with a shovel. The final hardening takes place through the compacting performed by the vehicles themselves.

FINISHING Press the layer of BitumLeca with a plate, a vibrating plate or even the wheels of a vehicle. Cover the BitumLeca surface with a bit of cement, white lime, sand or similar materials and possibly press again. At temperatures higher than + 20°C, we suggest coating in several steps.

SUMMER AND WINTER TYPES BitumLeca is made of Leca, crushed granules, distilled bitumen, admixtures and fillers and is supplied in the summer and winter versions to make it easier to lay in all climatic conditions. Use the specific product for the season you are working in.

A LIGHTWEIGHT ASPHALT BitumLeca is a cold bituminous aggregate in which the stones were partly replaced by Leca. The load strength and wear features of BitumLeca are effective regardless of the low volume weight which is about half of a traditional bituminous aggregate.

BitumLeca is packed in convenient and easy-to-handle polyethylene bags which preserve it properly preventing it from hardening. Thanks to this packaging, there is no waste, and the material is easy to carry and store. BitumLeca must always be used outside, because the aggregate, “plastic” in the bag and when it is layed, becomes hard in the time it contacts with air and under the effect of vehicle pressing.

WARNINGS • Press well BitumLeca during laying.

• Not suitable for: repairs in areas with high pedestrian and/or bike traffic; repairs in areas with heavy vehicle traffic, with narrow section wheels (eg. for lift trucks); covering large areas.

• See “General warnings” on page 67.

TECHNICAL FEATURES Density in bag Workability Weight of a bag Packaging

Storage

approx. 800 Kg/m3 immediate less than 30 Kg Wooden pallets with 45 bags 33.4 litres/each equal to 1.5 m3 of product in original packaging in covered and dry place

Ask for Safety Sheet

SPECIFICATIONS Cold lightweight bituminous aggregate “BitumLeca”, packaged in bags, with Leca and bitumen, for the repair of road surfaces.

Density of bag approx. 800 Kg/m3.

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