Doris Michelle Portillo 7mo. Magisterio
What is it?
Language learning is a process of habit formation. Errors can lead to the formation of bad habits. Learn the sentence patterns of the target language. Positive reinforcement helps to develop correct habits. Drills and pattern practice includes: – Repetition: where the student repeats an utterance as soon as he hears it – Inflection: Where one word in a sentence appears in another form when repeated – Replacement: Where one word is replaced by another – Restatement: The student re-phrases a utterance
What is it? Physical surroundings and atmosphere in classroom are the vital factors to make sure that "the students feel comfortable and confident". The lesson of Suggestopedia consisted on : deciphering, concert session (memorization), and elaboration. Teachers should not act in a directive way, although this method is teachercontrolled and not student-controlled. They should act as a real partner to the students, participating in the activities such as games and songs. Here are the most important factors for teachers to acquire: – Covering a huge bulk of learning material. – Structuring the material. – Personal participation through games, songs, classical arts, and pleasure.
What is it? It helps students to overcome the barriers to learn. One of the ways the students’ mental reserves are stimulated is through integration of the fine arts. Communication takes place on “two planes”: on the conscious plane, the learner attends to the language, and on the subconscious plane, the fine arts suggest that learning is easy and pleasant. When there is a unity between conscious and subconscious, learning is enhanced. Principles: – Learning is facilitated in a cheerful environment. – Students can learn from what is present in the environment. – Students can learn from what is present in the environment. – The dialog that the students learn contains language they can use immediately. – The teacher should integrate indirect positive suggestions. – The arts should integrate as much as possible into the teaching process.
What is it?
This technique is about how the students can absorb information from things around him. The Teacher is giving a topic, but previously he put some posters in the classroom’s walls, but he does not say anything. Therefore, the students’ attention is gotten by the posters that are in the walls, so they read the information that is there, and it is also related with the topic.
What is it? It is a method in which the Teacher does not say anything. It is about separating the sounds by different colors, trying not to put too similar colors. Principals: – – –
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Teachers should concentrate on how students learn. Imitation and drill are not the primary means by which students learn. Learning consists of trial and error, deliberate experimentation, suspending judgment, and revising conclusions. Learners draw on everything that they already know, especially their native language. The teacher should take care not interfere with the learning process.
What is it?
Even students working in groups can benefit from the feedback of additional peers. In this structure, students periodically take a break from their work (often at key decision making points) and send one group member to another group to describe their progress. The role of the group is to gain information and alternative perspectives by listening and sharing. The number of times the group sends a representative to another group depends on the level of complexity of the problem. This method can also be used to report out final solutions.
What is it? Grammar lessons in the TPRS classroom are generally no longer than 3 to 5 seconds in length and are always taken from a meaningful context, such as a story. Basically, in a traditional classroom students learn about the target language and in a TPRS classroom they actually acquire the target language. Steps: 1. Establish meaning: Before starting, the teacher should have in mind 3-5 target structures which students will acquire. It can be a single word, but is usually a short phrase. 2. Ask a story: an important part of TPRS is letting the students personalize the story with their own answers. 3. Read: The teacher starts out by reading one sentence in the target language. Then the class reads out the English translation all together, while the teacher points at each word one-at-a-time in order to keep them in time with each other.
What is it?
It emphasizes interaction as the ultimate goal of learning a language. Historically, CLT has been seen as a response to the AudioLingual Method (ALM), and as an extension or development of the Notional-Functional Syllabus. Advantages :
– CLT is a holistic approach. It doesn’t focus only on the traditional structural syllabus. – CLT provides vitality and motivation within the classroom. – CLT is a learner centered approach. It capitalizes on the interests and needs of the learner. – In a world where communication of information and information technology have broken new considerable ground, CLT can play an important role in education.
What is it?
This structure can be used both as an ice-breaker which introduces students to one another and to provide students with a venue for soliciting opinions, positions, or ideas from their peers. Students are first paired and take turns interviewing each other using a series of questions provided by the instructor. Pairs then match up and students introduce their original partner. At the end of the exercise, all four students have had their position or viewpoints on an issue heard, digested, and described by their peers.
What is it? Peer feedback is not the same thing as peer assessment. Peer feedback occurs when students offer each other advice about their work which incorporates reference to: – what has been done well in relation to the success criteria – what still needs to be done in order to achieve the success criteria – advice on how to achieve that improvement.
Peer assessment occurs when students assess each other's work in a summative way. That is, they provide each other with an actual grade.
What is it? The Sandwich Method is using to make Students give a constructive criticism of their peers’ work. Steps: 1. Start off with positive feedback (authentic praise of something they did recently). 2. Provide your constructive criticism. 3. End on a positive note.
What is it? Interactive lectures are classes in which the instructor breaks the lecture at least once per class to have students participate in an activity that lets them work directly with the material. – The instructor might begin the interactive segment with an engagement trigger that captures and maintains student attention. – Then the instructor incorporates an activity that allows students to apply what they have learned or give them a context for upcoming lecture material.
What is it?
Each student takes the role of a person affected by an issue and studies the impacts of the issues on human life and/or the effects of human activities on the world around us from the perspective of that person. Role-playing is simultaneously interesting and useful to students because it emphasizes the "real-world" side of science. It challenges them to deal with complex problems with no single "right" answer and to use a variety of skills beyond those employed in a typical research project. In particular, role-playing presents the student a valuable opportunity to learn not just the course content, but other perspectives on it.
What is it? It is a cooperative learning technique that encourages individual participation and is applicable across all grade levels and class sizes. Steps: – Think: Students think independently about the question that has been posed, forming ideas of their own. – Pair: Students are grouped in pairs to discuss their thoughts. This step allows students to articulate their ideas and to consider those of others. – Share: Student pairs share their ideas with a larger group, such as the whole class. Often, students are more comfortable presenting ideas to a group with the support of a partner. In addition, students' ideas have become more refined through this three-step process.
What is it?
It integrates language and content instruction. The dual goals of sheltered instruction are:
– To provide access to mainstream, gradelevel content, and – To promote the development of English language proficiency.
For example, beginning each lesson with an introductory activity that assesses the students’ knowledge in a non-threatening and non-graded format will allow the teacher to evaluate the students’ skill set. It is vitally important the teacher designs his/her lessons to clearly define language and content as well as make the activity meaningful through the linkage to past knowledge and present and supplemental materials.
What is it? It reflects the human capacity to generate an infinite number of phrases and sentences from a finite grammatical or linguistic competence. Language makes "infinite use of finite means". Children, in their process of first-language acquisition, notably in pre-sleep monologues, have been observed to use new phrases as models for more phrases, varying words or word groups during phases of essentially noncommunicative verbal play in ways reminiscent of pattern drills. The teacher selects a new phrase from a textbook story. The idea is to turn it into a productive sentence pattern. So he gives a few more examples and starts a very short drill with cues in the students’ native language.
What is it?
It encourages teaching without published textbooks and focuses instead on conversational communication among learners and teacher. It has ten key principles: – Interactivity: the most direct route to learning is to be found in the interactivity. – Engagement: students are most engaged by content they have created themselves. – Dialogic processes: Learning is social. – Scaffold conversations: the learner constructs knowledge and skills through conversations. – Emergence: language and grammar emerge from the learning process. – Affordances: The teacher’s role is to optimize language learning through directing attention to new language. – Voice: the learner’s voice is given recognition along with the learner’s beliefs and knowledge. – Empowerment: The Classroom is empowered from publish a book or not. – Relevance: Materials as books should be relevance for the student. – Critical use: Published materials should be used.
What is it?
The foreign language learners’ tasks, according to CLL are: to apprehend the sound system of the language assign fundamental meanings to individual lexical units and construct a basic grammar. In these three steps, the CLL resembles the Natural Approach to language teaching in which a learner is not expected to speak until he has achieved some basic level of comprehension. 1. “Birth� stage: feeling of security and belonging are established. 2. As the learners' ability improves, they achieve a measure of independence from the parent. 3. Learners can speak independently. 4. The learners are secure enough to take criticism and being corrected. 5. The child becomes an adult and becomes the knower.
What is it?
It is a method for teaching foreign languages, ideated for children. It consists in teaching a simple language (Esperanto), and 2 years later teaching the second language. Many studies confirmed that learning a complete and easy language helps in learning a more difficult one with no lost time, indeed with gain of it.
What is it?
In a jigsaw, the class is divided into several teams, with each team preparing separate but related assignments. When all team members are prepared, the class is re-divided into mixed groups, with one member from each team in each group. Each person in the group teaches the rest of the group what he/she knows, and the group then tackles an assignment together that pulls all of the pieces together to form the full picture, hence the name jigsaw. It is an effective way of engaging students both with course material and with each other. The peer teaching aspect requires that each student understands the material well enough, and each student is required to contribute meaningfully to a group problemsolving component. This technique shows significant benefits for students not only in terms of level of learning but also in terms of positive social and attitudinal gains.
Self Reflection Paragraph There are some strategies that we as teachers can apply on our English language class because some of them will be attractive for children to perform it during class. Language learning strategies include multiple intelligences as a part of the learning process so that students will be motivated to learn by some ways which facilitate their learning. In my opinion, I may apply this strategies every day in my classes adapting the content to each of them to create a meaningful learning environment for my students. Learning through this strategies will enhance in students social, cognitive and art abilities in students.