vol_12_no_1 by Michigan Review

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U.S.P...,., PAID Pemut No. 666 Ann AIbar. MiA.

Volume 12, Number 1

Summer 1993

The Campus Affairs Journal of the University of Michigan

National Service Soon to Take Effect BY JOE CoLEnI

resident Clinton's goal ofestablishing a national service corps, replete with references to a "domestic peace corps" akin to the program founded by JOM F. Kennedy, was a major theme of his campaign speeches to students throughout the country, including those at the University of Michigan. Clinton's promise was to make life easier for those who want to attend college. The financial burden of attending college would be lessened by way of stipends at least equal to minimum wage given to students while they work. In addition, a $5,000 "award" for each year offull-time or two years of part-time service would be paid directly to the university or training program. which a student attended. The financial benefits of this form of "voluntary" service, combined with direct federal loans available aUow interest rates would, the White House thinks, prompt young people to serve . the nation. But just in case all of this low- risk money does not entice people to join the rorps, a final romponent of the program.! which Clinton ultimately seeks to impl~ ment would be the ability of students to pay back federal college loans with a fixed percentage of their inromes.·Other proposals allow for partial forgiveness of federal loans. The program would offer this plan for those people with large loans who wish to work in lowpaying community service jobs with non-profit organizations or in other lowpaying fields, including teaching and social work. It is not yet clear whether work for the Michigan Review will count, since . those who work here are truly volun~ tears. Nor is it clear which.non-profit groups will be declared rommunity ser~ vice organizations - although Green-

Sclentiftcally Speaking

James Elek and Brian Schefke offer advice on how to get a U-M lab jop.

peace, the NAACP, and ACT-UP will likely be included in that list. One thing, however, is clear: the organizations which are eventually financed under the national service program will receive generous amounts of

program with 25,000 participants. would be nice ifpeople did more for the When fully implemented in 1997, the community, and while many students have shown a desire to do this type of program will be able to handle 150',000 people. Over the four year start-up work with Teach for America and other period, the total cost for implementing organizations, the logic of the Clinton the program is estimated at $7.4 bilproposal remains unclear. Zindler lion. These figures do not include stated that the program is designed to make national service more appealing money slated to go to universities and affordable to students. Part of this and technical training programs as plan is tied to a change in how loans are educational awards to rover tuition and other costs for those who have granted and repaid, presumably to allow rollege graduates to take low-paycompleted the service program. ing jobs in the community. The U-M has been active in seekMost of those who default on their ing to become a trial ground for federal loans, however, are not college Clinton's service program, lobbying graduates, but graduates of truck driver Washington for any test-runs which and beautician schools - people not the federal government might unlikely to move into the non-profit secdertake. It seems likely that the tor. Clinton's plan thus seems more school where JFK's international President Clinton feels our cold as he speaks in likely to feed extra money to those who Peace Corps saw its founding might front of the Rackham building last fall. won't return it and won't use it as the also be home to some fledgling form of Clinton's domestic "rorps." " - -~'~ money. Ethan Zindler of the Office of See SERVICE, page 10 National Service at the White House . While most people agree that it notes that private local, grassroots, and national programs will continue to 8U~ port themselves with donations. But the funds that the organizations are able to raise will be supplemented by the National arid Community Service Bush encountered when he addressed BY STACEY L. WALKER Corporation (NCSC). the 1991 graduates. This year's celhe University of Michigan was ebration lacked the obnoxiously vocal Zindler did not state how much of contingent of anti-capitalist, anti~s an organization's budget would contruly blessed this spring. Yes, tinue to be raised,internally and how we lost our tenacious grip on tablishment, 1960s wannabe's who much would be ,supplied by the NCSC, howled at Bush's address. Small wonthe men's NCAA basketball title, but . der, then, that Hillary what we got in return although he did state that the NCSC's was worth immeasurbegan her speech by goal withits money would be to help extolling the "virtues" ably more. On an abso"grow the rommun.ity" and expand the of that warped and number of opportunities available to lutely beautiful Ann twisted era. As she students who wish to do community Arbor spring day, waxed philosophical work. Hillary Rodham Clinabout her dreams as All of this federal "help" for "comton, the beloved First Person (to borrow from stated in her own stumunity" organizations, of rourse, costs dent commencement P .J . O'Rourke), delivmoney. The amount authorized through speech at Wellesley ered the rommencement two bills before the House and Senate College in 1969, she address to U-M's 1993 totals $615,4million. Ofthls, $389 milthat even proclaimed graduates. lion, or 6a percent"is.destined for the today, "I want to be ideNot surprisingly national service tl7ust fund adminisHillary Clinton (for the U- M, at least), alistic, I want to care tered by the NCSC. President Clinton has requested $394 miUiQn to provide Clinton received a much warmer welSee HILLARY, Page 10 come than former president George for his 8ervis;:e program next year, a

Hillary Talks Health Care

14.

Linda Chavez 8 Interview:

Music in Review

Manhattan Institute fellow discusses Diversity, Affirmative Action, and more. .

#'.

Reviewers look at new releases from Gutterball, Fugazi and others.

Welcome to the Michigan Re.new We're pleased to introduce you to tll!Rtview, the alternative stuientpaper at the Universif¥ ofMichigan.I nside you'll find a sampling ofthe sort of'Mlrk we do, from campus reporting to political opinion, fmn satires to interviews, from music and book revieWB to ~rtB. Read aoo eI\ioY; &em UB a letter and let us know what you think. If you like what you see, our self-promotional ads in the issue explain how iou can join,us in the fall. Bon ApeHt!

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THE MICmGAN REVIEW

Summer 1993

THE \ 11 CHI G:\ \

o SERPENT'S TOOTH M~"

Rl \ IE\\

The Campus Affairs Journal of the University of Michigan ·We are the Establishment"

Bettina Aptheker, daughter of communist theoretician Herbert Aptheker, is now teaching women's studies classes at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Funny how the reds only seem to get redder. Audience molester Phil Donahue was a vocal participant in the April 25 "March on Washington" for lesbian, gay, and bisexual rights. During one rally, an oveJjoyed Donahue sung the praises of Bill Clinton, ecstatically blathering, "And now to have a president who respects the Constitution, and believes that all the provisions of this magnificent document should extend in their full force to everyone!" This, of course, is the same Bill Clinton who has waffled allowing gays into the military, not to mention the same Bill Clinton who supports gun control (in violation of the Second Amendment to the Constitution) and National Health Care (in violation of the Tenth). Sorry, Phil. Looks like you've got the wrong guy.

Our favorite headline of the past few months, seen above a newspaper article critically reviewing the Pozner / Donahue Show on CNBC: "The Russian and the Commie."

tary film about student activism in the 1960s. According to the film's director, Savio refused to appear in the fIlm unless he could havl complete control over the final cut of the movie.

According to the Washington Times, one of the more popular features at the "March on Washington" was the National 81M Leather Fetish Conference, with an estimated attendance of 1,600. Small wonder. 'The Conference featured six hours of masochistic, homosexual erotica, including leather-clad men whipping each other's backsides, a slide presentation of men "fisting" each other and for the especially perverted, cattle prods were available for a nominal price. Of course, you probably didn't catch that report on ABC, NBC or CBS. But one question: Who's fostering homosexual stereotypes now?

Although Ann Arbor is the cultural Mecca of the Midwest, it lacks a monthly humor magazine. Fortunately, however, Agenda, which is slightly more conservative than MIM Notes (published by the Maoist International Movement), often comes close. Witness author Arwulf Arwulfs recent rant: "Welcome to the Ann Arbor Art Fair. If you look closely, you will see that there is in fact a certain amount of Art involved. The problem here is the worshipping of salable commodities and the dominating presence of shysters. Money flows through Ann Arbor like [s--] through a tin horn, and everybody's trying to get a piece. There's a creepy feeling that a bunch of people from out of town are using Ann Arbor to try and sell things to a hunch of other people from out of town. It's not a good feeling:' Query: Do all the goods and services marketed by Agenda's 50-0dd advertisers fall under Mr. Arwulfs rubric of salable commodities? Wouldn't it be interesting to hear what the three Agenda advertisers using Art Fairbased sales pitches think of Mr. Arwulfs profundity? One suspects that Mr. Arwulfs maunderings are also really popular with all the small business owners (and their employees) around town who depend on Art Fair tourism to boost summer sales. Howappropriate, then, that Arwulf Arwulfparaded around Art Fair back in the 1970s cleverly disguised, in his words, as an "armchair intellectual."

Mario Savio, who once led the Free Speech Movement on the campus of the People's Republic of Berkeley, was recently asked to appear in a documen-

One course leads to financial happiness. The Easy A, from Society Bank. It's the easy, economical bank account designed to fit the financial , needs of the college student. . It features a checking service that can cost as little as $3.00 a month. Plus ATM access, discounted rates on installment loans*: a credit card with no annual fee~ and a student loan package~

But that's not the half of it. Easy A means you also receive your first 50 checks printed free, a spe·cially designed checkbook cover, and more. Best of all, when you're on vacation, so is your Easy A. June, July and August, there sno monthly fee. Yet you retain all benefits yearround. So call Society Bank at (313)994-5555 for all the details.' And make the grade with an Easy A. Member FDIC Equal Opportunity Lender All other terms and conditions apply. *Subject to credit verification and approval. tbcludes student loans.

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Orientation leaders have been hazing our incoming students, and we're disgusted about it. One night, we observed an orientation leader forcing a group of orientees to play "Simon Says" in front of the Rackham Building. Although we couldn't quite hear what he was saying, we assume it w&S som~thing like, "Simon says touch your nose. Simon says do a jumping jack. Eead the Review. Simon says remember that all whites are racists ... " Spotted on a street sign in Detroit by a Review staffer after a Tigers game: "Right turn no." Obviously a product of the Detroit Public Schools' fine educational experience.

EDlTOR-IN-CHIEF: Tony Ghecea EXECIJ11VE EDITORS: Jay D. McNeil, Tracy Robinson, Stacey Walker CONTRIBUTlNG EDITORS; Erik BeIg, Nate Janlson,Brian Schefke ASSISTANT EDITOR; Eddie Arner MUSIC EDITOR: Drew Peters GRAPHICS EDITOR; WiH Ryan STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER; Andy Wu EDITORIAL STAFF; Mall Anderson, Erit Bcumack, ~ Brogley, Steve Dudek, Joe Epstein, Frank Grabowski, Corey Hil, Aaron Kanter, Gene Krass, Eric Larson, Erin McElligat, Beth Martin, Crusty Muncher, Tom Paska, Jay Raroos, James Roberts, Charles Rousseaux, TS Taylor, Perry Thompson, Martin Vloet, Jeff Weinmann, Michelle Wietek, Martin Wilk, Malt Wilk, Tany Woodlief MTS COORDINATOR; James Elek PUBUSHER: Andrew Bockelman ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER: Aaron Steelman ADVERTISING DIRECTOR: Jonathan Lajiness FUNDRAISIHG DIRECTOR: Erica De Santis BUSINESS STAFF: Jacob Bourne, Peter Daugavietis, Too D~ Arrrt East, Chris Fruendi, John Gustafson, Jerry Kowal, Barry Stem, Chet Za~o EDITOR-A T-lARGE: Adam DeVore PUBLISHER EMERITA: Karen S. Brinkman

The Mchigan ~ is an independent, weektf student"I\I1 journal al the UrWersiIy d Mchigan. We neither soIick

nor accept rronetary donations from the Unwersily 01 Mchigan. ContrWions to the Mchigan Review are taxdeductU>le WIder Line 501 (c)(3)oIlhe Internal Revenue Code. The Reviewis na aflillated with any poiticaI party. Unsigned edkorials represent the opinion 01 the editorial board Signed aJ1icIes and cartoons represer4 the opinions cj the autha' and not necessarty those 01 the Review. The opinions preser4ed in this publication are not necessarltj those d the a<t>Iertisers or d the UrWersiIy 01 Mchigan. We welcome letters and articles and encourage corrrnents about the joumaI and issues discussed in k. Please address aB subscription inquiries to: Circulation Director clo the Mch/gan Review. AI advertising inquiries should be diecled to: Advertising Director c/o the Irfchigan Review. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES: SUITE ONE 911 N. UNIVERSITY AVENUE ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-1265

TEL (313) 662-1909 FAX (313) 936-2505 The Jdichigan_Review@umcc.umich.edu

"We must have the courage to change." - Bill Clinton "I got a little change in my pocket goin' jang-a-lang-a....lang" - The Georgia Satellites

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

Summer 1993

o SCIENTIFICALLY SPEAKING

Securing a -U-M Research Job BY JAMES ELEK AND

BRIAN

ScBEFKE

ANY STUDENTS EVENTUally decide to spend a summer in Ann Arbor, either to take classes or merely to escape their parents. In either case, a summer job usually becomes a necessity. If you are the scientific type , you need not end up flipping burgers or dish-dogging, for there are many research positions open in the University of Michigan's science departments. Professors can be helpful in aiding your search for a lab job. Not surprisingly, most U-M professors are engaged in research and are aware of research jobs being offered in their departments. Students should talk to professors offeringjobs to learn what they are getting into. It can make for a long summer if you discover in mid-May that you are in over your head or you

James Elek is a senior in physics and MTS Coordinator of the Review. Brian Schefke is a senior in cellular and molecular biology and a contributing editor of the Review.

dislike your job. Another good place to inquire is the office of the department for which you wish to work. 'The Department of Chemistry office is located in room 1500 of the Chemistry Building. 'Ib.e office of the Department of Biology is in room 1121 of the Natural Science Building. Both have information on University lab employment and open lab jobs outside the U-M. 'The physics department frequently posts position openings involving computer programming, data gathering, or lab work. 'Those interested in physics research may take physics 415 in the Fall or Winter. Physics 415 i.s an independent study course wherein students work for a professor and receive a grade rather than pay. This gives students a feel for what research is generally like, while providing them with experience in a particular field ofphysi~ . Physics 415 usually serves as a prelude to a summer job and/or a part--time job during the school year. To find out what kind of 415 projects are available, go to the Student Services office on the second floor of Randall

assistant in the Department of Biology, "Most jobs in biology are work-atudy. If professors don't get a work-study student, they will often look for students in their classes or from referrals." If you lack work-study status, don't worry. Says King, "Several professors have hired non-work-study students, with a high rate of success." It is important to start looking early, however, because non-work-study jobs fill up quickly. If you are a work-study student, you should look in the Student Employment Office .o n the second floor of the SAB, where there are listings ofvarious lab jobs; there you can obtain the names and telephone numbers of potential employers. 'The Work-Study Job Fair, held just before classes begin, offers lab opportunities as well. If all else fails, hound your mends especially seniors about to graduate. Many know oflab jobs recently vacated ):>y themselves or their mends. Whatever type of position you may seek, however, bear in mind that lab jobs can be difficult to secure and that work-study status, if you can secure it, helps a great deal. Ml.

Laboratories and ask the undergraduate secretary for the 415 folder. 'Ib.e folder contains information as to which professors are sponsoring 415 projects, how many students are needed, and what kind of work will be required. You can then contact the relevant professors to discuss the jobs in question. But remember: Physics professors are sometimes forgetful and hard to reach, so be persistent. 'Ib.e Office of Career Planning and Placement, located on the third floor of the Student Activities Building (SAB), can be of help to those who seek lab jobs in general. On the first floor of the same building you will find a job board where open lab positions are often listed. Once you have begun to narrow down your list of potential jobs, it is important that you decide whether or not you desire a paid position. Many University lab jobs do not pay any wages; oftentimes, they offer salaries only after a student has worked in the lab for one or two terms. Paying jobs often give preference to students who have work-atudy grants. According .t o Rebecca King, a,n omce:

be all shook up • • •

Don1f

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Summer 1993

THE MIcmGAN REVIEW

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o FROM SUITE ONE

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Food For Thought: Think For Yourself o no one's surprise, plenty of movies hit the theaters this summer. One of them, "Son-In-Law," should hold particular relevance for our incoming freshmen. It is the story of a young woman from small-town America, specifically North Dakota, who jaunts off to California to attend a large university. The young woman, confronted. by an alien and sometimes unsettling campus environment, predictably longs for the security of home. . Sensing her frustration, a Residential Advisor takes the innocent young woman under his wing and proceeds to transform her into a different person, complete with new wardrobe, hairstyle, and attitude. Within a few weeks, she realizes that she has "grown." She has unleashed in herself new ideas and beliefs that were previously kept bottled up by her "small-town" background and "old-fashioned" values. College has "changed" her for the better, as she has now realized her true identity. How appropriate this film is, then, for the University of Michigan, where you will be the "innocent young woman," and the U-M administration and its professors will be your "Residential Advisors." Yes, the college experience has historically made a tremendous impact upon the men and women who undergo it. It is not unusual or unreasonable to expect that the big move from dependent highsmoolers to independent collegians will produce major changes in people and their personalities. There is one large difference, however, between the college experience of yesteryear and the college experience of today: their "changes" were selfinitiated. Ours and yours are not. Colleges and universities used to be places in which the free expression ofideas, thoughts, beliefs, and values were held sacxed. Students would enter the university community, be confronted with entirely new realms of thought, scholarship and experience, and leave brighter people four years later. During that time, students would be expected to think and decide for themselves which ideas were right for them. There were no "correct" answers, only an individual's own determination of the truth. Hillary Clinton, for example, was confronted with the two opposing ideologies of liberalism. and conservatism during her four years at Wellesley College in the late 1960s. The First Lady obviously chose the former, changing from a Goldwater Republican into a flaining McGovernite Democrat - not because it was the "correct" answer according to her professors, teaching assistants, and administrators, but because it was the correct answer for her. She was forced to weigh the opposing arguments in her own mind and make a decision based upon her own best judgment, not someone else's. Regardless of whether she made the correct decision - it is rather obvious to us that she did not - the process she went through in reaching her own conclusion fulfilled the fundamental idea of a university education. Since then, colleges and universities have lost their way. The free expression and exchange of ideas and thoughts has given way to political maneuvering and the raw exercise of power by school administrations in determining what is "right" and what is "wrong." The 60s generation, which enjoyed the freedom to explore its core beliefs and values on college campuses, and which railed against the power of "the establishment," is hypocritically unwilling to grant the same freedom to the current generation. Students are now expected and sometimes required to make Left-hand turns at political forks in the road, as speech codes, diversity requirements, politicized orientationJindoctrination sessions, heightened racial tensions on campus, and socially-engineered student admissions 15eco~e commonplace. Yes, universities have taken the road less travelled, and it has made all the difference. It is under these circumstances that we urge all of our incoming freshmen to keep the idea of a university alive, even if the individuals:running this particular university refuse to do so. Explore new ideas, values, and beliefs. Weigh the evidence in your own mind and make a decision based upon what you believe is right, not what a professor, the Michigan Daily, or anyone else bearing the current "conventional wisdom" tells you is true. Don't be afraid to change, "innocent young woman," because you will. But be sure to take your "Residential Advisor's" influence and advice with a grain of salt.m

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o FROM OUR READERS Student Gets U-M Shaft Dear Dr. Duderstadt: . I've been impressed by reading yoUr Principles of M-Quality in the University Record. I'm writing to ask for your help, since I believe that you are sincere about enacting these principles in your dealings with others at the University of Michigan. As president of the U-M, you should know about a problem which threatens to leave me (and my child) homeless and to damage your school's reputation as well. The U-M regents are attempting to evict me from family housing for not paying my rent, but I'm not legally required to pay the amount in the Complaint that they have filed against me because it should already be paid with my U-M scholarship award. The regents offered me $12,000 to attend the School of Information and Library Studies (Sll.S) for Wmter Term 1992. This was an outright award that required no service in return. But only $6,500 of that amount was ever disbursed to my student account in Winter 1992. The rest of that award which I was supposed to be paid immediately - is past due and owed to me through student accounts. It is with these funds that I was supposed to pay my rent (and other living expenses). But SILS won't pay me, and it won't pay the U-M Housing department. I can't pay my rent, Housing wants me to leave, and, because of my inability to pay, Housing has filed a hold credit against me, so I ~~ e,:en finiSh ~ic program .

./'·~The

U-M should obtain verification that my scholarship is distributed and lift the hold credit that prevents me from completing the program. The administration should have done this already, yet herein lies the truly outrageous part: the regents have know about my problem for more than 16 months, but the departments involved (Sll.S and Housing) have done nothing. I have a doctoral degree, but, relying on the scholarship promise, I gave up job offers and educational opportunities at other ~ools and moved over 2,000 miles to Ann Arbor. The U-M has not kept its end of the bargain. It now seems that the scholarship offer was misrepresented in order to induce me to enter SILS and reject my other offers. But for that misrepresentation, I would not have come to Michigan. AB a result of that recruitment practice, I have sustained damages and expenses due to delays and missed opportunities. Now I am facing possible homelessness due to University system error. I discussed this problem with your U-M Ombudsman on April 30, 1993. It would be helpful if you could ask one of yoUr assistants to telephone Dr. Perigo as soon as possible, so we can work together immediately to clear up this dilemma - while there is time. Sincerely, [Name withheld]

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THE MICHIGAN-REvIEw

Summer 1993

o EsSAY

Navigating the A2 Political Scene BY

ToNY GHECEA

ELCOME 'TO ANN ARBOR, home to the biggest political jungle this side of Washington, D.C. The University of Michigan is a ideological circus, well-stocked with all sorts of colorful performers who crowd the spectrum from Left to Right with almost every imaginable agenda. Before you enter the battJe zone called campus, you may want to learn a little about the different types of ch.ar8.cters who, at one point or another in your college career, will vie for your political allegiance.

really do desire equality between the sexes. It's just that they don't know how to go about achieving it. So they organize rallies and marches and fill the campus news With quotes about white male oppression, verbally-assaulting the same so-called patriarchy that's supposed to share its power with them. Soon it sounds like they want

of us live there, too. They feel some strange responsibility to perpetuate the legacy of free love, dope, and revolutionary theatrics made popular by the 60s counterculture. They do a poor job. We have to suffer through it. Radical TAB present the most dangerous portion of this liberal bunch. They are grown-up granola protestors

n the far left end of the spec-

trum are the communists (yes,

they still persist) and the Maoists (communists with a taste for Chinese food). Neither group boasts a huge following on campus, but given their amazing propensity for making their presence felt, at times you may think they are legion. They're not. And when you are approadled for the first of what will be numerous times by a member of one or another communist organization and asked, "Are you interested in revolutionary politics?" answer "No." Then tell them you want no part of a philosophy which killed or enslaved over a billion Chinese and Ukrainians. That should do the trick. Slightly less to the left than the rommunists are vocal LGBis (Lesbians, Gays and Bisex:ua1s) and radical feminists. Most campus political observers lump these politicos together - not because of similarities in their agendas (although they do exist), but rather because they are equally vocal and equally extreme in their antics. The LGBis won't hassle you too much. They'll dance on the Diag every so often, or rally on the steps of the Grad, but for the most part their influence will be limited to the pages of the Michigan Daily (the left-leaning, primary campus paper). Almost every other day they will scream for eQme new organization to be founded and funded by the U-M for the sole purpose of advancing gay interests. You may find their complaints interesting at first, but you'll get bored with them soon enough. The feminists make a bit more noise at U-M, probably because their ranks are larger than those of the LGBis. Minus the misinformation and ideological claptrap put forth by most of their groups, the feminists aren't all that bad. At times it seems like they Tony Ghecea is a senior in English and editoT'--iTH:hief of the Review.

Ann Arbor communists brave the winter air to voice stupidity. nothing less than a world rontrolled by women - some of them probably do. Feminists leave any sane observer only one reasonable course of action: Discern the message they should be sending; dispatch with the rest. A little less to the Left are granolas, protestors, and numerous radical teaching assistants (TAB). Granolas are the most hannless of the bunch; their greatest skill lies in their power to annoy. With their Birkenstock sandals, tiedye tr-shirts and casually disheveled hair, granolas are stuck in the 60s and in no hurry to catch up with the :w-orld. Their primary roncems include the environment, drug legalization, and the status of the Grateful Dead. Fortunately, they tend to keep to themselves; aside from making an occasional loudmouthed romment about the ozone layer during a discussion on 'Thoreau, they prove to be rather unobtrusive. You'll find them. inhabiting the school ofNatural Resources, with a solid contingent in the ResidentiaI College and a few stragglers in the natural sciences. Protestors, or more precisely, protestor wannabes, take persuasion by annoyance to a much higher level than granolas. 'These people pride themselves on how much disruption and destruction they can cause. Burn down the UGLi and force President Duderatadt to rebuild it as a center for Aboriginal Midge~ossing Studies? Cool, dude! 'These granolas from hell not only live in the. 60s, they have an overwhelming desire to make the rest "--.

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in charge of the educational machine, each with his or her own political agenda to push. From Greenpeace to Marxist literary criticism, the hogwash that radical TAB will feed you is appalling. Be prepared to plug your ears and put up or shut up, unless you have the guts (or lack of concern for your GPA) to speak out against what you hear. Somewhere on the Left (the degree of extremism varies ) are the Afrocentrists. Depending on how much press coverage they receive, you may hear a lot from them. Some complain about racism by slandering whites, BOme call for integration, some for separation, some for an African-American nation, and so on. It's all very interesting, and it's all a lot like the feminists . Deep down, many Afrocentrists probably seek something like equality; but when they start talking about "smashing the evil white race," it becomes difficult to believe that their intentions are good. Don't ignore them romplete1y, but pay very careful attention to the message they're getting across. Moving toward the right end of the . political spectrum, one first enrounters a layer of College Republicans. Whoever coined the term "knee jerk" thought of it here. While there is nothing wrong with maintaining steadfast allegiance to one's chosen political creed, these folks seem almost mindless in their ideological conformity. It doesn't matter to College Republicans, for example, that George Bush violated his "no new taxes" pledge; "He's a Republican, and

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a Republican's supposed to vote Republican." You get the picture. Slightly more to the right are the Christian extremists. These are the folks who give Christianity a bad name. Fortunately, there are fewer of them in existence - particularly on this campus - than the liberal media would scare you into believing. Their aims if you share them - aren't all .that disagreeable; they're invariably anticrime, pro-family values and pro-life. But when you see them at prison rallies yelling "hang 'em high, n at gay marches yelling "God hates queers," and at abortion clinics calling pregnant women "baby killers," you begin to understand how so few of them can make the entire left wing look BO scared. On the far right end of the political spectrum reside the ultra-rightr-wing waclws. You won't hear mudl from them because their views are silenced at the U- M. Where you're most likely to find their sort is at parties, behind closed doors, where they can talk safely about how they hate what homosexuals and minorities have done to their school. Whether you agree or disagree with their opinions, you should understand one thing: The U-M, which affords rommunists and Afrocentrists the fullest freedom of speech, scares right wing wackos into keeping their beliefs to themselves. While their silence makes campus less turbulent and arguably less bigoted than it could be, it renders the U-M much less effective as a community of open learning than it should be. Your education suffers as a result.

f you're wondering whether the bulk of the student body fits neatly into these political classifications, the answer is no. These are merely the groups you will hear about every day, the main actors in campus politics. Students in general espouse no extreme political creed; rontrary to popular belief, their views probably tilt slightly more to the Right than to the Left. The Review represents a readership of thoughtful students. Because so much of the politicking that goes on at the UM romes from the Left, you might infer from our work that we are a bunch of rightr-wingers; relative to most campus politicians, we technically are. But don't let our c:ircum.stancea fool you We are neither Republican knee-jerks nor radical Christians nor reticent rightwing wackos. We are equal opportunity critics who think for ourselves. If you find that campUs politics appeal to you, but you don't like the campus political scene, stop by one of our meetings. The circus awaitS you.Ml '11''-'''''''""''

144

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THE MIClllGAN REVIEW

o CAMPUS FEATURE

Summer 1993

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Welcome to U-M Computing S. BRINKMAN

arrived as scheduled, the software did not n the :mid--1960s, the University of As a temporary solution to the prob. Michigan purchased a mainframe lem, the U-M hired several graduate computer from mM which was supstudents to develop software which posed to be accompanied by the softwould make the hardware functional ware for a new kind of multi-user operuntil IBM delivered its operating sysating system. Although the hardware tem. Much to the U-M's delight and IBM's chagrin, however, the students Karen S. Brinkman graduaUd from the succeeded in building a better multiU-M last May with a Bachelor'8 degree user system than the one which IBM in Art, Communications and French. eventually provided. She ~ a publi8her emeritus of the ReThis system was the beginning of view. Thi8 article is an exceprt from what exists today as the Michigan TerBrinkman's original piece, which ran minal System (MTS), which is one of in last summer's orientation issue. the many services avaliable on UMnet, the U-M's computing network. Since its creation, MTS has changed in a HOW"SigQn"W number of significant ways, not the 'Access Vmatmn(ona Macintosh) or least of which is that it has become an PCTte (on an IBMI compatible) program. electronic network linking students, faeY~ many ~ to hit (retum) once or ulty, and staff from all corners of the twice to activate the program. University by providing a simple and -If "'Terminal-" appears hit (mamJ direct means of holding public debates •At the "Which lbt?" pranpt, type "am" and sending electronic messages. (MTS can operate with truncated romTo use MTS, students must obtain a manda. The shMest commands needed Student Request Account (SRA). Stuare uaed below.) dents can most easily obtain their SRA .Atthe .. rpranpt,typein .... UeerID", (to which they are entitled by virtue of where UterID is your acoount ID.lt will paying tuition) either by going to the then ask you to type in your paaword. Computing Resource Center in room Your password will not appear on the 3113 of the School of Education Buildsaeen. ing or by requesting their SRA from a 'Toacxees~type"me"at ResComp trainer in one of the resithe "It" prompt ~ "... prompt indidence hall's computing clusters. cates that you are tn messagesystem. T~ Each SRA is identified by a four&eM a ~, type ..~.: It will then character sequence of numbers and let. pranpt you to enter the tecipient's DIIM, uabject (optional) and the text of the ters, called a UserID, and has a passJneIi8I!Ige. Hit twice when you are word which can be changed at will by done typing the·text. Then the the account owner. Account owners can message. Type ".top " to exit register one or more names in an elecme&aagEII)'Aem. tronic mail directory, in addition to -To sigoon to the Mthigrut Rmiew's MlS their address, telephone number, and a oomerelllce, type "10 MREV:fORUM'" at brief personal description if they choose. the "II" prompt. To join the oonference, For reasons of privacy, most students enter "," after the introduction. Enter choose not to include their address or FumeandabriefiJdrodadioa(optelephone number. Some students also liooal). choose pseudonyms in addition to or -For i list of major ~, type instead of their real names. "$copy cafr.ccmfemu:u'" at the "It" Two frequently used services on MTS prompt. are Messagesystem and Confer II TIl . OSher""'" -lias U=M Nstwwk. Messagesystem is MTS' version of elecAt the "Which Host?" prompt, you can tronic mail, more commonly known as ~anyoftbe~.NooeoftMm. e-mail. Each UserID has its own prirequire a Student Request Aanmt. Soote va te electronic mailbox, to and from of them may require you to enter your which messages may be sent to friends, ~ teaching assistants, professors, or informttional syltem friends a~ other universities who use UM-CRISPINFO the e-mail system. coune registratioo infcnnatioo While the ability to send messages to MInYN professors can be helpful, users will on-line Iibmy catalogue probably find MTS' computer conferUM-WEAnu ences to be more stimulating. Confer ~ wetther NpCXts II TIl is the program which runs these tIIIItiw <l\ other. hoeb -~ ' d b. y Bob . ," . '. ~lll~ren~II .. It, was· d eSlgn~ ·'BA ......''' ..·'d....: ... b th'" ..... ;<.1, .. _ 1_ .. _ 1970' :. :.. :.:. ;. ~ , .:, :- ! !. !. ': ! ! ~ '! ': 'S;W'l"~"""~e ~u~ _, ~

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tional, and international politics. when he was a graduate student at the Although messaging and conferU-M. encing are probably what most new Computer conferencing as a means users will spend the bulk of their comof communication can offer a number of advantages over face-to-face commuputing time doing, U-M's computer nication. It allows all members of the network can also be used for a variety of other purposes. It can be employed, for University community to interact by instance, to run computer programs, bridging geographical barriers and overcoming time constraints. Furthercheck the availability of courses before more, the medium can mask a registering for classes, access the University's computerized library cataparticipant's age, sex, level of education, and other personal characterislogue, view weather reports for most tics, leaving one's ideas to stand solely locations in the US., and receive inforon merit. Additionally, computer mation on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) conferencing can be used by deafindiprograms. viduals or people with speech impediments without the problems that ver'!he network provides access to other info:nnational resources as well. Curbal communication poses for them. rently, a host called UM-UMIPS (UM Being able to access a computer conInformation Posting System) ·provides ference, read its contents, and think about the arguments made in a debate such data as the student directory, job postings, and other general University for some length of time, or conduct a bit info:nnation. 'This service, however, may of research before responding, can also be phased out in favor of a new camhave the effect of creating a more intelligent debate than verbal discussions. pus-wide information system called UM-GOpherBLUE. 'Ibis method of communication, however, has its drawbacks. It requires .,-·~GOpherBLUE is based on the Uniparticipants to type their responses; versity of Minne~ota's informational system called Gopher, named after the which may be difficult for people who use the "hunt and peck" method of school's mascot. GOpherBLUE may ultimately function as a single point of typing or who are physically handientry for all of the U-M's computerized capped. Difficulties beyond the obvious information systems. As it exists now, physical considerations include the GOpherBLUE can be used to access uneasiness some individuals feel reinformation about University offices garding the employment of computer and services, student groups, and Ann technology for communication, alArbor resources, as well as to access though a sense of computer illiteracy is gopher-type services from around the perhaps a better explanation of why world, Supreme Court opinions, recistudents do not use the system. Furpes, books (from the Bible to Alice in thermore, lengthy typed-in arguments Wonderland), and many other enterare not always welcomed by all particitainment and info:nnation resources. pants, as some find them too burdenSince the U-M places a strong emsome and time-eonsum.ing to read. phasis on computer technology, stuMonetary considerations of distinct dents will undoubtedly become more sorts create other barriers to computer literate - even if only to use conferencing. Expensive hardware and software, although readily accessible word processing programs to type papers - during their time at the Univeron the U-M campus, are required in sity. New students can learn anything order to provide such an elaborate comfrom the basics of computing to more puter network, as are the budget and advanced uses of computers through staff needed to maintain'them. A less obvious monetary limitation the U-M's many computer education resource&. relates to the MTS money which. SRAs '!he best places to begin learning Uare allocated. Undergraduates' acM computer literacy are ResComp, the counts receive relatively little funding, so they may find it difficult to keep up residence hall's computing program; with a conference on which many of the the consultants at computing sites in the Michigan Union, Angell Hall, and participants are using better-funded NUBs (North University Building); and faculty, staff, or research accounts. Currently, Confer™ runs seyeral the many introductory and advanced hundred public, private and academic guides to computing published by the University which are available in comcomputer conferences on MTS. For example, the Michigan Review runs a puting centers. Additionally, students can call 4-HELP (764-4357) for furconference called MREV:Forum (see sidebar), which is primarily used for ther guidance and reference.Ml. the.debate and disCliSSion of\ local! na-

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THE MICIDGAN REVIEW

Summer 1993

o EsSAY "'.

Visualizing'Liberal Stupidity It would be useful to begin this eiera cold-hearted diagnosis of the inner thinking so. cise by defining exactly what "peace" is. being. 1nstead of confronting the truth, Thus , taking human selfNE CHARACTERISTIC OF According to Webster's, it is "freedom they rationalize their fears away by interestedness as an axiomatic truth, I Ann Arbor that "outsiders" from disagreement or quarrels." That simply proclaiming, "Well, you may take assert that only under the condition of (read: those of you not from said, the following question must be all of your actions with self-interest in perfect knowledge would individuals New York) quickly discover is the naraised: Can human beings cohabitate mind, but I can overcome that. I nul my perform their actions without "disagreetives' penchant for bumper stickers. without disagreement or quarrels? life and take my actions with other ment" or conflict. Self-interested ratioPerennial liberal favorites include ''I'm I answer that vexing people in mind. I put nality would simply dictate what is the Pro-Choice and I Vote," UDon't Buy qu~stion by offering this my own concerns on the "correct" decision and action in any War Toys," "Arms are for Hugging," "A thought: every action backburner." Such is circumstance . Humans would live in Lot of Animals are Dying for a Home," taken by a human bethe source ofliberal "hocomplete harmony. "Recall Engler" (Michigan's popular ing is the result of an lier than thou" arroIn the absence of this perfect knowlgovernor), "Peace is Disarming," "If You innate desire to improve gance. edge, however, these "correct" decisions Can't Trust Me With a Choice, How one's lot in life. Every But if every action is are less clear. Consequently, self-inCan You Trust Me With a Child?" and single one. Think about taken out of self-interteres ted rationality leads humans to the standard, "Clinton-Gore '92." est, then the action of struggle against one another in order it. Take any action, say, Liberals love bumper stickers. They picking your nOBe . liberals believing what to detennine where each individual's provide the peIfect soapbox for champiWithout even realizing they believe is certainly self-interest truly lies. Conflict is the oning touchy-feely causes, if only beit, you are improving no exception. It is in a inevitable result, and peace cannot excause no other drivers can respond to or your lot in life; Taa k th at, lObar I I Yeao h liberal's self-interest to . ist. . because I as . . . . refute their claims . The radical motorof your actIOns, you no beheve that he IS not Smce perfect knowledge IS Imposist can simply putter along the road, longer have a piece of dried-up dirt in self-interested. Quite a paradox, yes, sible, the only route to world peace, i.e. secure in his Utopian beliefs and confiyour schnoz, you breathe more easily, but liberals were never known for their the absence of disagreement, would be dent that he has made the world a and you are more comfortable. consistency. Liberals like to be arroto have, at most, one human being on better place by letting everyone else Human beings never intentionally gant and condescending to the rest of the planet. know what he thinks. us . It makes them feel good to think Thus, to visualize world peace is to inflict pain upon themselves. EveryOne sticker particularly draws my thing we do stems from self-interest. they are better than us petty, selfvisualize the annihilation of almost 5 ire: "Visualize World Peace." 'This is the interested humans. They are more en""路'!" billion people from the face of the earth! Even when individuals believe they are essence of liberalism. Oh, if only the doine AOmpthing out of regard for somelightened, they think, and they enjoy i Stupid liberals. Ml. one else, it doesn't turn out that way peoples of the world would simply take upon further examination. When a perthe time to imagine what a truly peaceson gives money to charity, for instance, ful world would be like! Just the mere thought would surely end the hostilihe is doing it out of self-interest. He wishes to feel better about himself and ties between ancient enemies all around the globe. Then there wouldn't be any his role in the world. Otherwise , why would he do it? Why would he intenmore pain and suffering. And then the tionally inflict pain upon himself withworld would live as one! out some ulterior motive? The answer Complete hogwash. is that he wouldn't, and so he doesn't. But it doesn't matter to the driver He can't. It's impossible. There is no who voted for McGovern, Carter, such thing as a completely altruistic Mondale, Dukakis, and Clinton (or, more likely, Jerry Brown). He has done action. Even if you tried to go out this afterhis duty. He has publicly proclaimed noon and perform a completely altruishis support for world peace, and betic action just to prove me wrong, you cause of that, he's better than you. couldn't do it. 'The action would be moI guess I contribute to the fact that the buyer of the ''Vlsualize World Peace" tivated out of your self-interest in proving me wrong, not to help someone else. bumper sticker vrill never get to see his Perfonning a completely altruistic acdream become reality. You see, I hate tion is just as impossible as it is to stop certain things and people. Specifically, your brain from thinking. You can't do I hate liberalism and those who esit, because the moment you attempt to pouse it. And hate, no matter how you stop thinking, you think, "I'm not thinkview it, is not "peaceful ." ing anything. " You think from the moBut because I'm a conservative and ment you're born until the moment you recognize our limited capacity for alterdie, and guess what you spend all of ing human nature, I can live with the your time thinking about? Improving hatred inside of me. I'm comfortable your lot in life. with it. So comfortable, in fact, that I Like piUS was meant to be Ttl Self-interest controls human nature. will now act on my hatred, and do to That's why capitalism works and soliberals what they hate: take their cialism does not. Capitalism is fundacockamamee notions and challenge mentally based on an individual's inthem. Yes, fm going to visualize world nate desire to improve his lot in life, peace. while socialism is leased on an imagined but non~xistent desire to help Jay D. McNeill is a senior in business admini$tration and an executive others. editor of the Review. Liberals are uncomfortable with Sllch BY JAY

D. McNEILL

In 1948, Cottage Inn brought pizza to Ann Arbor. Today, 45 years later, we are still making pizza the old fashioned way. Free delivery from our Central or North Campus locations, or full-service dine-in at our William Street restaurant.

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

Summer 1993

o INTERVIEW: LINDA CHAVEZ ... .

Suffocating Sensitivity Author Exposes the Harsh Reality of Wrongheaded Reform Efforts

seeks to "supplant real history with an inROM APRIL 23 TO 25, THE vented myth." To what extent do you agree Political Science Department of Michigan State University held a with his criticisms? conference entitled "Multiculturalism CHAVEZ: Certainly one of the proband America: E Plurbis Unum ?" Linda lems that multiChavez, author of Out of the Barrio and Jturalists have is former White House Director of Public ' Liaison, discussed the role of I that they seem not multiculturalism for our country as a to understand that polity on the 25th. Chavez, currently the the history of this John M. Olin fellow at the Manhattan nation - especially that of its I1l8titute and head of its Center for the political and legal New American Community, has also institutions - has seroed as the president of English, executive director of the U.S. Commisbeen handed down not even primarily sion on Civil Rights, and the editor of American Educator. She spoke with from Europe, but Adam DeVore of the Review after her England, and that presentation. our institutional and intellectual MR: Many Institutions of higher I.rnlng, antecedents are in fact largely BritIncluding the University of Michigan, have ish. The multiadopted curricular "race and ethnlcity" requlrementt. Are thin so--ealled "diversity culturalists confuse that notion a.." benefIdII Of desirable on the whole? with the ideas that we're somehow ethnically or racially CHAVEZ: Well, I don't think they're beneficial or desirable on the whole. monolithic and that, when we try to What they are is an attempt to indoctriteach the history of American political nate students with a particular ideoland legal institutions, we're somehow ogy. In such classes, there are rarely imposing some sort of a cultural docattempts to be truly multicultural or to trine that neglects peoples' differences. look in any depth at other civilizations Now, we are a multi-ethnic, multiand other cultures. They generally at~cial.8ociety. All you have to do to see tempt to impose a certain set of views that is look around you - we don't all and values on students, none of which trace our ancestries back to England. has very much to do with the normal, We need to understand that in terms of academic study of other cultures. building this country, people from many I think those classes are often harmdifferent back ful, in fact, because they tend to divide grounds contributed, people along racial and ethnic lines. In and not all of them effect, they say to incoming students, were white, Anglo"You have to choose which group you Saxon, Protestant belong to. We're going to define who you males. So it's possible are in racial and ethnic terms." nus to teach American ends up causing hostility and suspicion history in terms of as one group gets set up as the "oppresthose contributions sors" and others 8.S the "oppressed." It by looking broadly at ends up feeding into resentment. For what other groups that reason, the universities and cambrought to this nation. puses which have embarked on this But, at the same time, I don't think program, like the University of Massawe want to err on the opposite extreme chusette at Amherst, end up having the and pretend that we don't have.a comworst race relations ofcampuses around mon political and legal history that is the country. Their "diversity classes" primarily English and needs to be don't actually promote harmony, but taught, and of which we ought to have division. a certain understanding. It was the English and French Enlightenments' MR: Russell Kirk makes a similar point In views of man as an individual that led AmerIcI', BrltIIh Culture, but he adds that to the guarantees in our Constitution. multicWt1nllsm Is '1ntellectually P'l'Y," "aniThose even allow for liberal, open dismRId by fItIyY Ind haIred," Ind Mes on "the cussion and pluralism. Pluralism does semHlIlntlllty of American liberals. Kirk also not even exist in most of the other challenges the veracity and merit of rooch ~ cultures that the multiculturalists CIIIed nUtIcuIturaI scnoIarIhIp, noting that It would like to celebrate. Rather, it is

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students, for instance, you find that we have high self-esteem and low achievement, whereas they have low self-esteem and high achievement. In terms of the studies done about MR: Has multiculturalism made significant self-esteem with Hispanic YOWlgSters inroads into primary and whether or not it was in any way and secondary pubtied to the availability of bilingual prolic school curricula? grams, there apparently was very little CHAVEZ: Its inrelationship. And it turned out that fluence is very when they tried to measure how Hiswidespread. If you panic kids felt about school, they felt look at the curricufairly positively about it in the first lar changes that place, and bilingual education apparhave taken place ently had no impact at all on whether in most of the mathey felt better or worse about school. jor city school sysSo clearly bilingual education and, by tems in the counextension, similar programs, don't serve try, it has been that purpose. overwhelming !fa bilingual education program is strucfured in such a way that a child over the last 10 to does not learn English quickly, it seems 20 years . Basilogical that the child is not going to cally, the cumculum that's taught acquire a necessary skill for successful today bears little perlormance in school. It's hard for me resemblance to to understand how they're going to be able to maintain self-esteem when the curriculum that was taught 20 years ago at the elementary and second~ '~lhey're segregated into classrooms levels. Multiculturalism certainly has where there are only other children . had a sweeping effect at the elemenwho don't speak English and where tary and secondary levels - and I don't they're not able to compete with their think that that has been particularly non-Hispanic peers. helpful. These efforts to change curricula around the country have also been MR: Where did these programs generally driven by the enormous change in the originate? composition of city schools, which are now overwhelmingly minority. It's been an effort to do something about the very CHAVEZ: Much of the impetus for the poor achievement of these students. But in many ways, this notion that if you improve students' self-esteem , then miraculously they will perform better, is just an easy fix. What is needed is attention to the basics and the very low levels of skills that changes in curriculum around the counmost of these students have. The only try has come from the idea that there is a need to raise the self-esteem of chilway you're really going to raise their dren from minority groups. You do so self-esteem is by improving their performance. Any efforts to promote a false by creating myths and perpetuating sense of self-esteem are going to be myths and telling each group of chilundermined by the fact that the kids dren stories about its particular group. This ultimately has not produced a lot aren't performing. of results; we haven't seen much evidence that raising children's self-esMR: Essentially the same self-esteem arguteem has much of an effect on their ment that you're criticizing is being made at levels of achievement. the collegiate level. Sometimes it surfaces in In fact, if anything, there seems to be the context of cul1'ict.Ur change, but it usually an inverse relationship between high appears as a rationale for special hiring proself-esteem and achievement. If you grams. For instance, the u-M recently adopted test American students and Japanese a senior women faculty hiring program, com-

quintessentially a product of the European Enlightenment, and we should not lose sight of that fact.

To me, ifs really a travesty that we are not facing the fact that we're putting people into situations where their own training and skills may not allow them to compete on an equal footing.

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THE MICIflGAN REVIEW

Summer 1993

plete with special budget 8RangementS, ostnbly to diversify the faclMy and recruit role models for young women. The esteem argument has also been invoked at the U-M in defense of other affirmative actIon-type policies. Do you think that the argument becomes more plausible as tM students involved grow older?

MR: Do you think that afflrmativnctlon has helped Hispanics significandy'l 0,~

CHAVEZ:'No, I don't, although the numbers suggest that if in some way Hispanics are competing with blacks, then they are about to win out in terms of their numbers soon surpassing those of blacks. So ifwe're going to apportion CHAVEZ: No, there is clearly no more things based on what portion of the rationale for esteem-based programs population you represent, then I supat the college level than at lower levels. pose that affirmative action will have more benefits in the future than it has In fact, I'll tell you whose self-esteem in the past. But it really doesn't work will likely diminish because of such out that way. Most Hispanics who have policies : the recipients of those probeen able to make it into the middle grams. They're sent a very clear mesclass and achieve by and large have not sage that they can't compete under the pursued affirmative action strategies normal standards of admission or hiras actively as organized interests in the ing or whatever. That stigmatizes memblack community have. Frankly, there bers of those groups in ways that can't aren't as many Hispanic organizations very well do great things for their sense that have clout as there are black orgaof self-esteem. nizations with clout. One of the great objections I have to So, I don't think it's been a tremenaffirmative action is that it was origidous benefit, and some of the strategies nally intended to be a temporary prothey come up with have actually been gram for that generation of primarily counter-productive. 'The Voting Rights black Americans who came of age at the Act, as you may know, in one of its last time when the Civil Rights Acts were reauthorizations, essentially mandated passed but who, because of past deprithe creation of special "super-majority vation, were not able to compete. It was districts" created of members of minorsupposed to be a sort of bridge, so that ity groups - Hispanics and blacks, people who had suffered the effects of primarily. In so doing, it essentially past discrimination would not be held gave a blank check to gerrymandering accountable to standards that they might not be able to meet. along racial and ethnic lines, and that Well, 30 years later we still have the has now been accomplished as a result programs, not only for entrance into of the 1991" redistricting. We now have college, but also for created a number entrance into of new majoritygraduate school. Hispanic districts, We have students but interestingly, who are graduatthose districts ofing from affirmaten are comprised tive action proof people who are grams at schools not eligible to vote like the University because they are of California at not ci,tizens. Many Berkeley who then of them are here have to have an adillegally. So we . again have creditional set of affirmative action ated "rotten borstandards when oughs," political they're accepted to districts in which 4//,... law school at people have a "1"TflfltTrr:T' Harvard. Then, sense of repres en_,~4~.:j,~~1~.ot~路 when they gradutation but cannot ate with their law degree from Harvard, vote for the people who supposedly repwe have another set of affirmative acresent the~. So you again have the tion standards that are put into place concentration of much poWer into the so that they are taken into a law finn, hands of a few ethilic power brokers. because they can't compete there either. MR: Many University of Michigan administraTo me, it's really a travesty that we tors talk about the need for increased diversity are not facing the fact that we're puton ca~ Their lexicon seems to favor terms ting people into situations where their such as "people of color," "minority student own training and skills may not allow enrollment," and 80 forth. Do you think that them to compete on an equal footing. using - and, more importandy, thinking in Worse, we're justifying the continuasuch broad terms actually obfuscates importion of the programs that put them in tant differences within er among the groups those situations by citing their failure encompassed by those terms? to meet the very criteria that they have not been prepared to meet. CHAVEZ: Well, it's a very clever ploy. '1{,

The whole term "people of color" has been adopted because if you look at demographic projections into the 21st century, it looks like what we now call "minorities," if counted as one "people of color" group, will constitute a major-

Do you think that Hispanic civil rights leaders may have a vested interest in promoting a monolithic view of the people they represent?

CHAVEZ: Of course they do. If you are trying to influence the political realm, it is a much more successful strategy to say that you represent 22 or 23 million Hispanics than it is to say that you represent 14 million Mexican Americans. It is also more convenient and more persuasive to suggest that all of the people within that group think a certain way, if you're trying to persuade people in Congress or other r aJ I' people who make policy that you really do repreity. Unfortunately for the multiculsent that constituency. turalist, that's a somewhat nalve asThe irony is that most of these Hissumption, because it discounts the kind panic leaders and most of these Hisof assimilation that naturally takes panic organizations are not constituplace, particularly when members of ency-based, nor are they 'm embership organizations, nor are their leaders one group marry members of another. There's a tremendous amount of that elected by their alleged constituencies. Instead, they are by and large creakind of assimilation going on now. For tures of liberal foundations like theI young Hispanics, for example, the "out marriage rate" is about one third Ford Foundation, which in the 1960s about a third marry non- Hispanic decided to set up a whole aITay of Hiswhites. Their children and grandchil- .... 路路panic organizations comparable to the dren, for statistical purposes, might be major black organizations. The Ford counted by the Census Bureau as HisFOWldation felt that it was to the disadpanics. But my guess is that in tenns of vantage of Hispanics that they were their own sense of culture, there will be not well organized. Interestingly, part much more of a melting pot phenomof the reason why Hispanics were not enon than the raw numbers from the as well organized was because many of Census Bureau would suggest. them who did decide to join organizaBut that's the purpose ofit: to take tions joined organizations like their what is now the majority culture and local chambers of commerce or other make it feel endangered, to convince groups where they would have an idenmembers of the majority culture that tity that was more based on their profession and economic status than their they'll soon constitute a minority. That's the purpose of lumping everybody toetluricity. The Ford Foundation wanted gether. to ensure that there would be some But that lumping blurs very imporethnic solidarity, some etluric identity. tant differences among Hispanics, for MR: If you had to recommend a book to example. There are Hispanics from college students - any book on any subject, nearly two dozen countries, and although by and large they speak Spanother than one you've written - what would it be? ish, they speak different dialects. 'Their cultural histories are quite different, CHAVEZ: I'll tell you a book that will and racially they are quite different probably surprise you, since you're (from Dominican, Caribbean, and somewhat conservative, but it very Puerto Rican Hispanics who, when ramuch affected me personally: There Are cially mixed, tend to be mixed Spanish No Children Here , by Alex Kotlowitz. and black, to Mexican mestizos, who He was a reporter with the Wall Street are predominantly Indian and SpanJournal. It's about two young brothers ish, to Argentineans, whose backwho live in a housing project in Chicago .grounds are as likely to be Italian as and their struggle to emerge out of the any other national origin). So the terunderclass. It is a very telling book, and minology you're talking about really it's good for conservatives to read that does tend to obfuscate important differbook because I think it does give some ences withln each of these groups. insight into the daily lives of people who are part of the undemass. It gives MR: You remarked during your presentation one an appreciation of the overwhelmthat bilingual education and other ~alled ing obstacles to escaping from the "culture-preserving strategies" have been Used effectively for achieYing political ends. underclass.~

THE MIClflGAN REVIEW

Hillary

Service

Summer 1993

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government would hope, than to those who will both repay it and serve the community. 'The granting of educational awards is intended to put more people into universities with less concern over finances. The most a full-time student selected to be one of the fortunate twenty- five thousand (1 0,000 fewer people than in attendance at the U-M and 75 ,000 to 85,000 fewer than in Michigan Stadium any Saturday) chosen next year could gain from the program is about $15,000 or $20,000 over four years . That is a little less than what it costs an out-<>f-etate student to attend the U-M for only one year. So a person could finance his other three years of college with wonderful loans from the government that can be paid off over the next thirty years. Back to the drawing board, folks . Is this refonn? No. This is simply another way for the government to control university policies. Students would do better simply to vohmteer their time to help the community and find parttime jobs or internships (or both) to pay for their education.m.

about the world, I want to be ronnected to other people." While Clinton may "care" about the world, and while she certainly is as "idealistic" as the granolas in the audience who cheered ridiculously at her mention of the 60s San Francisro hippy "summer oflove" known affectionately as "Haight-Ashbury," she is .about 10,000 volts shy of a connection with the mainstream American mind, as her "graduation" speech clearly demonstrated. Graduates who were hoping to hear an uplifting and congratulatory address were more than a little surprised at what they received instead. "We need to have the courage to change," Clinton declared, in a near-penect mimic of her wafile-prone husband. With that statement, Hillary abandoned her pretense of delivering a graduation speech and embarked on a lengthy diatribe in an effort to portray socialized medicine in a positive light. In typical Democratic fashion, Clinton roundly damned the 1980s for upsetting the balance "between rights and responsibilities." Never mind the

fact that the 1980s saw economic beninto fits ofWlrontrollable giggles. One efits for every soci~nomic class, not distinguished gentleman rould be heard just the rich, as Hillary claims. to mutter a popular joke making the "'Throughout the 1980s," she stated, roWlds these days: "So you think health "we heard too much about individual care is expensive now? Wait 'til it's gain, about the ethos of selfislmess and free." greed, and not enough about repairing In a typical maneuver penected by the social contract." And how are we to Hillary and her husband during their mend Hillary's version of the "social 1992 presidential campaign, Clinton contract"? By making "a contribution" gave no specifics regarding this health (soWld familiar?), ostensibly in the form care plan. How do we pay for it? How of participation in Bill Clinton's nacan we guarantee it will be more suctional service program or in support of cessful than the current system? Given all the empty promises this COWltry has Hillary's health care plan. "If we do nothing," Clinton stated already heard from the Clintons, it with regard to the health care "crisis," should come as no surprise to anyone "we will not be able to put our country that this proposal is likely to end up in on a firm and stable footing for the file number 13, along with gays in the future." She went on to vaguely demilitary, a middle class tax cut, and so scribe a new and improved health care on. system replete with physician choice, Perhaps we can take the lukewarm complete medical insurance for everyresponse which Hillary received in one, and less of the red tape and paperMichigan Stadium as a sign that work which plagues the present sysAmerica is finally waking up to its tem. mistake in November. At any rate, WlAt the mention of this amazing new \ like Hillary, we realize it will take a great deal more than "courage" to invention - a government bureaucracy with less red tape than a private indus- I change this country. It may even take a try - several audience members b~i" r~few 1993 Michigan graduates.m.

Parents! Fear for your children! Do you care to know what your child is really learning? Or are you content with promotional fliers and report cards? Even great schools aren't immune to problems. Consider that theU- M is the first university to have a speech code declared unconstitutional in a court of law. Consider that professors and students have been threatened because someone doesn't like their political views. Consider that Dean Frederick Neidhart proclaims "Multiculturalism is the job of the Univeristy right now." And we thought it was educating young men and women. Consider that the U-M's core curriculum consists of merely a language requirement and a "diversity" requirement. Consider that almost every page in last semester's course guide had some mention of classes professing radical left-wing ideologies. Read all about it in:

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW With your tax-deductible donation of $25 or more, you'll receive a one-year subscription (28 issues) to the Michigan Review. You11 read insightful articles about the wasteful U-M bureaucracy, be the first to hear about First Amendment violations, and keep abreast of the forces working to erode traditional Western education. YES! I WANT TO BE INFORMED! I'm sending my tax-deductible contribution of: _ _ $25 _ _ $50 _ _ $75 _ _ $100 _ _ $250 _ _ $500 Other

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4Ui.

Summer 1993

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

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DEsSAY

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How You Can Be True Blue BY MARTIN WILK

was a freshman in high school visiting my brother - a freshman at the University of Michigan - for the first time on campus . By some miracle he had secured me a ticket to the Michigan/Ohio State football game - in his words , a Saturday afternoon to remember. My brother had boasted on numerous occasions about how great a town Ann Arbor was, but nothing impressed me about the city. I saw my brother's dorm room, the Diag, and all the shops on South University Avenue, but nothing struck me as especially spectacular. Before the game we followed a huge crowd to Michigan Stadium; from outside, the place looked rather smalL We came to Gate 31 (where ALL freshmen sit) and stood in line for about half an hour. When we finally entered the stadium , I was struck by the most spectacular sight I have ever seen. Nearly . 106,000 people were attending the game - at the time a stadium record. My eyes widened as I scanned the crowd. "How did they fit so many people in here?" I thought. Everyone around me was screaming at the top of their lungs (what I didn't know at the time .w as that they were dnmk). When we beat Ohio State and clinched a berth in the Rose Bowl, the students rushed onto the field in a raucous victory celebration. From that point on, I knew that UM was the school for me. Now, five years and many Saturday afternoons later, I have become a true-blue veteran of U-M football games. Here are four traditions you can anticipate joining upon attending your first game: 1) Marshmallow fights: Expect them. Expect to get hit. EXpect to get caught in the middle of veritable marshmallow .' wars. Sure, they get stuck to your cloth· ing; sure, they mess up your hair; and sure, you can sit with the old folks and avoid them altogether. But you haven't experienced anything like our marsh· mallow fights, and in the end theyre pretty darn fun. Hint: Buy two bags : before the game. . 2) The Wave: We don't just flap our arms up and down at Michigan. We have the wave down to a science. literally. No other school demonstrates the

physics of wave motion - from constructive and destructive interference to frequency modula- -'I': ~~ ~ ,. tion - like U-M. . ...

3) Over the top: Some time during the middle of the game, students in the bottom rows will inevitably lift up a lighter fan and pass him or her from hand to hand up the rows of the crowd . Fans will slowly move this person up to the top of the stadium, if secu· rity guards don't stop a_r,.., .. them first. 4) Bullwinkle Imitations: Practice wig-

gling your fingers with thumbs pressed against your temples before the first game. Really.

Martin Wilk is a sophomore in Engineering and a staff writer for the Review. He is also the third in a line of j Wilk Review alumni. . . .. J. I

Finally, my favorite: 5) Cheers: The most creative cheers

Big Ten: the U-M student body. When Michigan State players get cocky, for . example, we either chant "C-M-U" (in reference to State's annual embarrassment at the hands of the Central Michigan University football team), or "'That's alright, that's okay, youll be working for us some day." Some· one a few rows away from you will likely be clanging a cowbell throughout the game, inciting the crowd to clap in time to one or another of Michigan's . witty chants. So there you have f II I I student h ," it, a beginner's guide ' , the Get ready t0 JOin ocean 0 u-m umanity. ,~ to becoming a part of

come from the smartest people in the

r· . the . tradition of Michigan fanhood .m

,:;

Attention New Students!

Become a part of the Establishment The Micliigan Review is the Establishment, and we cordially invite you to become a part of it. Join the ranks of some of the fmest minds on campus as we fight against political correctness, restrictions on liberty, the politicization of the classroom, and alcohol-free beer. We are always looking for new writers, researchers, photographers, artists, production personnel, advertisings~esre:piesentatives, business personnel, and future editors. For more informa-

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,The Michigd!: Review has been praised as a leader among its type of publication by such noteworthy journals as US News and World Report, the Wall Street Journal, and the Detroit News. We have been quoted by such authorities as USA 'lbday, Harper's Magazine, and radio commentator Rush Limbaugh. Our staff members have been interviewed in such places as TIme, 60 Minutes, and the McNeill-Lehrer News Hour. We have more writing awards than any other publication in our league. Our staff members have written for such places as the National Review, the New Republic, the Detroit News, and Business Today, and work at such places as the Heritage Foundation, the Manhattan InStitute, the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, and the National Righ.t to Work Foundation. If you want the opportunity to be involved in all of

this and mQre, become a part of the Establishment, and join the Michigan Review. I

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

Summer 1993

o BOOK REVIEW 'v

Inquiring Minds Must Be Free BY

ADAM

GARAGIOLA

he ideological influence of the radical left pervades the University of Michigan's curriculum to such an extent that, in some circles, the politically correct party line dictates that nothing good could have ever come from dead, white males. Despite such attitudes, however, it is still

Kindly Inquisitors: Th, New Attack. on Free Thought Jonathan Rauch University of Chicago Press Hardcover, $17.95 possible to gain a true appreciation of our Founding Fathers' legacy. U-M students have many on--<:a.mpus opportunities to app:reciate the benefits of our constitutionally guaranteed civil liberties. Attempts by University President James Dude1"8tadt and his cronies to impose an Orwellian regime of speech codes on the campus have been foiled by Federal Court rulings upholding the right to free of epeech on numerous occasions. The full history of the administration's schemes to delimit acceptable student discourse is far too fraught with wrong-headedness and ineptitude to detail here; it suffices to say that in their efforts to create an atmosphere more "sensitive" and less "intimidatlD.g" to the various "victimgroups" on campus, the administration and its fellow-travellers have abandoned the ethos ofliberal inquiry, which. holds that knowledge is best generated by unfettered debate. The title of Jonathan Rauch's book, Kindly Inquisitors, refers to the creators and supporters of the speech codes now being implemented on college campusee across the country. The problematic aspects of these new strictures upon the freedom of speech. go far beyond the question of their constitutionality. In Rauch's view, the vital issue is one of epistemology - what's at stake here is the collective methodology by which we, as a society, decide what may be acceptably attributed as knowledge. Rauch characterizes the process of knowledge evolution ill a free society as a '1iberal science game." It is a "liberal" game, in that all people is free to participate, that is, to advance their ideas

Adam Garagiola graduated from th€ Residential College last May with a BA. in comparo.ti.ve literature and creative writing. Can you find him ajob?

- and no one is deemed to have "epecial access" to knowledge (Le., notions of Papal infallibility and the like won't wash here). It is a "science" game, in that the currency of persuasiveness consists of objective conclusions based upon empirically verifiable fact. The liberal science game generates an ongoing cycle of controversy and consensus, as individuals present their ideas and others criticize and debunk them. The antithesis of liberal science, in Rauch's estimation, is fimdamenta1ism.; the term is employed in his text in a manner more broadly encompassing than its conventional, narrowly religious sense. Fundamentalism isn't necessarily religious, asserts Rauch; rather, it is the "inability to entertain seriously the possibility you may be . wrong" - about anything and everything. Fwldamenta1ism is the foe of liberal inquiry because it does permit, evenrequi:res, an argument to be settled definitively, by reference to whichever Holy Writ the fimdamentalist adheres - be it political tract or religious creed. Rauch cites the death sentence pronounced upon Salmaan Rushdie by the late Ayatollah Khomeini, and the protests against the film The Last Temptation of Christ by American Christians, as obvious examples of fundamentalism in action; he also sees the same mtellectual authoritarianism motivating political ideologies at both extremes: Nazi's and communist alike, Rauch notes, in their periods of dominance, asserted their political power to decree what may be attributed as "knowledge." While it may seem hyperbolic to compare the contemporary promulgators of a "sensitive campus environment" to Nazis (or fundamentalist Christians, forthat matter), in the ethos of the liberal science game, the aims of such disparate groups are equally reprehensible: in seeking to exclude certain topics and ranges of opinion from public discourse, they undermine the rules by which. the liberal science game is played. No one in the game has the authority to declare any topic or idea "·off-limits." Of course, as Rauch acknowledges, the liberty which liberal inquiry permits carries an inherent cost. Views based on ignorance, prejudice, or other irrational sentiments may be as freely expressed as any others. It is this aspect of the game - the ugliness of hurtful opinions - which affronts the supporters of speech codes. Proponents of speech codes, Rauch correctly observes, often have a great rhetorical respect for free speech, and will often go to great lengths to justify '1\,t-','~~)4_'1

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the strictures they impose, explaining not objectively quantifiable: it is wholly that what they seek to restrict is not subjective, dependent upon the sensilegitimate exchange, but rather, utterbilities of the offended party. It follows ances and expressions which. have the then, that attempts to regulate such sole purpose of causing hurt or offense. speech will degenerate into a political Though it is unfortunate that in struggle among advocates of differing the cross-fire of ideas and criticism, "perspectives" - one in which those some individuals and groups are ofwho most vocally vent spleen over the fended, the author argues convincingly latest outrage perpetrated against them that regulations designed to silence will come out on top. expression deemed offensive by some To subjugate discourse to politics are hurtful to everyone, because they in such fashion is ultimately to destroy erode the anti-authoritarian principles liberal inquiry, Rauch warns, because which govern the discourse itself the evolution of knowledge will inevitaSpeech codes invariably must embly falter when hindered by such repower some judicial or quasi-judicial stricti.on. The liberal science game, the authority to decide whether questionauthor contends, is under no obligation able speech is incidentally or intentionto respect anyone's feelings, and none ally offensive. Societies have created ofits participants hold a "right" to have such tribu.n.als in the past to ferret out their beliefs·ehie1ded from criticism. dangerous and false ideas; this action In a discourse in which knowledge was formerly known as an "inquisiis "certified" by a process of empirical tion," the author notes ominously. conformation and rigorous critique, Inquisition was the order of the day Rauch explains, misguided and ignorant ideas which fail to withstand rigfor most of the world prior to the Enlightenment, during which the prinorous critical scrutiny will be pushed to ciples of liberal inquiry, which would the margins: freely expressed, but just eventually de-legitimate the knowle.dge- ,..,. as freely ignored. For example, by the claims offimdamentalist syeteme, 'were rules of the liberal science game, a established. The history of inquisition white supremacist is free to express his is one of pious intentions and idealistic opinions regarding the genetic inferinotions gone homblyawry, with tragic ority of other races, but, given a lack of and brutal consequences~ It would be evidence for such a case, the other paran overstatement of the case to say that ticipants may, in tum, feel free to disspeech codes and similar measures credit it in the strongest terms that would take us back to the "bad old days" their counter-evidence justifies. of the pre-Enlightenment era, but cerOne reason liberal science works so tainly, they are a step in the wrong well as a knowledge evolving system, direction. The same mentality is at RauCh. declares, is that it punishes ideas, work in the contemporary crafting of rather than people. One is free to speech codes, Rauch argues compeladvance one's views, to err, to rethink lingly, and it is incompatible with the one's positions in light of new evidence, health of a free society. and advance them. again in revised form. A£, Rauch examines the case which Rauch's liberal science game is a proponents of speech codes make, he raucous intellectual melee in which feelfinds it premised upon the assertion, ings are trampled, egos bruised, deeply implicit or explicit, of a new, fundaheld convictions vigorously debunked mentally illiberal right the right not to and - most importantly - knowledge be offended. Ifone asserts such. a "right," allowed to evolve. Instead of seeking to one is, in effect, asserting control over suppress the biases and prejudices of the sentiments that oiliers'may acceptits participants, liberal inquiry pits ably express. them against one another, and the con'Ihls right is based.in the equivocatroversy generated is, RauCh believes, tion of thought and action; Rauch conof positive benefit to society. cludes after examining the writings of Rauch makes the case against refeminist (and U-M) law. professor strictions upon the freedom of expresCatharine MacKinnon and others. Of sion compellingly, by arguing that, reMacKinnon's essays on pornography, gardless of expressed intention, all efRauch writes, "here was a theory which forte to restrict this freedom are inhersaid that images and expressions and ently authoritarian. A£, the author words could be, for all practical purstates succintly: "Anyone - Pope, propagandist, anti-communist, anti-racposes, a form of hurt or violence." Once such a premise is accepted, it ist - who wants to silence criticism or follows logically that the State may regulate an argument in order to keep punish offensive speech just as it does wrong thinking people out of power has violent behavior. However, the effect of no moral claim to be anything but expression deemed hurtful bysoJ;lle is ignored. "Mt f

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o BOOK REVIEW

We Were Right All Along student am violate a code without knowing he or she has done so." OBERT HUGHES IS AN ART Yet, just a few pages later, Hughes denies the propriety of comparing Pocriticfur~.He~obclo~ to that teeming herd of disorilitical Correctness with McCarthyism, since "TIle number of conservative acaented and disconcerting liberals who have reluctantly come to agree with demics fired by the lefty thought police conservatives' concerns over America's ... is zero." Here Hughes ignores the cultural decay, but who stubbornly fact that it is largely students who are refuse to acknowledge that the Right being threatened by radical professors and teaching assistants, as recent incidents at the University ofPelUlSylvaCulture of Complaint nia and U-M demonstrate. (For those Robert Hughes unfamiliar, a student at U-Penn was almost tried under a code there for New York Public Library/Oxford calling a group ofloud (black) sorority Hardcover, 203 pages women "water buffaloes." Closer to $19.95 home, a sophomore ~ Political Science 111 was threatened with punitive acwas right all along. While these libertion by his TA for using a juvenile als repeatedly neglected to criticize example involving a fictional "Dave Stud" in a paper for the class.) and even supported - the radicals whom they now ridicule as "cranks," Hughes later demonizes conservative critics of "multiculturalism." He conservatives were demonstrating the depicts them as having created a straw harm. being done to our cultural heritage by liberal lunatics . Now that the man called "Multiculturalism" without examining the idea's strengths. He then devastation is nearing completion, liberals such as Hughes have begun to states that "ifmulticulturaJism is about learning to see through borders, rm all notice the wreckage. Rather than blame the original hostile powers, however, in favor ofit." they find conservatives to be at fault. "Americans have a real problem in Such are the Bill Clinton liberals of imagining the rest of the world," he t.he cultural and artistic world: people adds, noting that we should be more who are perpetually confused about appreciative of other cultures and sociwhom to blame for the problems they eties. Unfortunately, Hughes has given see. They apparently know that their the rosy version of what multileftist allies have been responsible for culturalism should be - one with which the cultural carnage now beginning to many conservatives would agree. Only unsettle them, but their steadfast liblater does he detail what it truly is: eralloyalty forces them to blame the "Unhappily, you do not have to listen conservatives for causing the mess. very long to the arguments [for Hughes, for instance, blames consermulticulturalism] before sensing that, vatives for the racial and cultural diviin quite a few ofits proponents' minds, siveness on college campuses across multiculturalism means something the nation, as well as the political battles other than genuine curiosity about other over abortion and govemment-subsicultural forms . .. . In fact it means sepadized art. In most of his case studies, , ratism." In other words: The conservaHughes finds a pru;anoid Right overretives were right all along. acting to every attempt at reform by 'Ibis scatterbrained approach to culwell-intentioned liberals. In the protural criticism hclped make Bill Clinton cess, he distorts the arguments put president, supplies fodder for Anna forth by conservatives as well as the Quindlen's columns in the New York historical facts of the cases. Times, and allows liberals to continue When discussing attemptll to impose posturing as friends of the downtrodthought control (via unconstitutional den. Hughes portrays the New Critespeech codes) at universities including rion and Commentary (two conservathe University of Michigan, Hughes tive periodicals) as extremely influennotes that these codes were generally tial magazines, despite the fact that created by administrators in response the New Criterion has a smaller circuto pressure from professors. Alarmed lation (at 7,000 issues) than the Review by the absurdity of some of these codes, or the Michigan Daily. Worse, Hughes' he quotes Nat Hentoff of the Villiage idea of the political center, judging by Voice approvingly for observing that "a his bibliography, is somewhere between Time on the far right and The Nation on Joe Coletti is out of school and an executhe near left. tive editor emeritus of the Review. He Disregarding historical fact, Hughes secretly wishes he could be an art critic lamertts Ronald ~s economic polj.-, , in Australia. cies, which' were' supposedly shoWn tb .

BY JOE ColEl'TI

be destructive by the recession that racist writings of the nineteenth cenfollowed George Bush's rejection of their tury, Hughes tries to excuse the majoreconomic fundamentals. Hughes furity of AfrocentristB by calling two or ther claims that Republiam statements three of them cranks and racists. in defense of "family values" were actuHughes' willingness to spare larger ally veiled forms of bigotry. liberal groups for having good intenBut Hughes, a former Catholic, is tions while ripping conservatives as a himself no stranger to veiled bigotry. whole, despite his agreement in prinHis now anti-Catholic bias shows ciple with their arguments and prothrough in his diatribe against aborposed solutions, weakens his case for a tion and, oddly, his lambasting of the new culture. He looks for deeper mo1996 Summer Olympics mascot, tives on both sides of the debate and "Whatzit." According to Hughes, the finds conservative motives to be evil Church's proscription of abortion and and exclusionary, yet he later demonstrates that the results of liberals' poli~ masturbation "induced the kind of suffocating guilt that led to skepticism: if cies truly stereotype and divide people God was so busy counting sperm, and by encouraging collectivist, groupso apparently unconcerned with prebased thinking along racial, etlmic, and venting the world's famines, epidemics sexual lines rather than emphasizing and slaughters, was He worth worshipindividual rights and individuality. ping? Was He even there at all?" Hughes This is a shame: Robert Hughes has finds this "fetishism" of the fetus pervafound a way to see through the claims of sive among those opposed to abortion. fairness made by liberals and leftists, What does all this have to do with but he still finds his enemies on the Whatzit? Well, writes Hughes, Whatzit Right, where support for the individual is a fetus made cute and cuddly. "Tiny has always bOOn strong. Culture of Comlimbs, goggly eyes, oversize body, a plaint ends up being much like Bill vestigial tail on which the Olympic rings ,. ,.,~ Clinton: It talks a good game but ends were coyly threaded like quoits on' a up liberal all the same.Mt

stick, runs his description of the thing. "What Walt Disney did to the duck," he adds, "some team of American designers ha[s] done to the fetus." Hughes does not claim that Whatzit was intended to give visual representation to this fetus "fetish." "No, Whatzit is IWt a conscious image; he is a phantom of the Zeitgeist, a case of overspill, or precipitation, from fetus-overload in popular culture. Semiologists, if one wanted to get fancy about it, would call him a floating signifier .... Only in America could a fetus pass so quickly from the symbol of a 'cultural war'to the logo for a sports event" And only in the mind of a true Bill Clinton liberal could one find via semiotics (the study of signs) a political message about abortion in a bit of Olympic aristry. Hughes' analysis of the controversy over governmental funding of art is just as twisted. He blames conservatives for overreacting to the trivial amount of money used to subsidize art of questionable value. Here as elsewhere, Hughes uses his own method for judging the debate and finds all other analyses lacking; but for Hughes, conservatives constitute a monolithically evil presence, while liberals err only individually. This bias is also evident in his arguments against current efforts to implement Afrocentric curricula in schools across the country. Rather than simply demonstrating the falsity of most Afrocentrist cla.im.s and comparing them to' the equally false ·ana. equally

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Summer 1993

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o MUSIC

Gutterball "Rolls a Gutterball BY SKEETER THE KITTEN

utterball hails from the place where southern and progressive rock meet, a place where sludgy , swampy, guitar-driven music stays close to its roots but adds some new juice to old conventions. The result is not entirely successful; Gutterball haa a tendency to get stuck in a rut with .

Syndicate (despite its name, it's not a cheesy top-40 dance band), guitarist Bryan Harvey and drummer Johnny

Gutterball Gutterball Mute Records half-(X)mplete material. The song's structures don't vary too much, and the album itself contains few surprises. 'The music is good, but not outstanding. Gutterballisaquasi-supe~upof

second-string indie bands . Frontman Steve Wynn comes from the Dream Skeeter is pretty small right now, but he's getting bigger every day. Sooner or later, he's gonna come tear up your world.

Hott are otherwise known as House of Freaks, guitarist Stephen McCarthy has played with Long Ryders, and bass-

ist Bob Rupe has worked with the Silos. Wynn and Harvey shared most of the songwriting duties, although Harvey's usually sharp skills in this area are unfortunately not on display - there are no clever morality plays or emotional indictments here. Likewise, the other half of the Freaks, Hott, never has the chance to show offhis impressive talents as a percussionist. He handles this job just fine , but with four other band members, he cannot emerge as a major force. One wishes Harvey and Hott had spent their time recording a new House of Freaks album. "Trial Separation Blues" kicks off the album. A fairly solid single, it has gained some attention on alternative music stations. ~"

ing guitars occasionally mark the song, but they also highlight some problems with Gutterball's self- produced album: obvious hooks are never fully realized, and the rhythm never tightly forms behind this driving force. It's a good song, but it's good in a journeyman sort of way: adept, competent, and so on just not inspiring. "The Preacher and the Prostitute" starts off with haunting guitar chimes, but McCarthy'S sole songwriting contribution becomes a stale account of a hypocritical minister who invites a prostitute into "the back of a station wagon." Just another pointless whack at religion from the music industry, this song asks, "'The bible belt is getting tighter/ Do you accept this indoctrinate?" A few standouts appear here and there. On the mid-tempo "Motorcycle Boy," Wynn's voice sounds a lot like Roger Waters while siren- like background vocals steal the song. "When You Make Up Your MIDd" slowly flails about like a good Bob Mould tune. The funny but out of place "One by One" creates a carnival atmosphere for an appropriately gruff chorus. m

Replacements' Westerberg Officially Goes Solo BY PIERRE DE FERMAT

aul Westerberg's solo career arguably began with the final Replacements album, All Shook Down . Released after dozens of breakup rumors, the album merely reflected the band's ability to package enough

14 Songs Paul Westerberg SireIReprise material for one more release. Yet the four members'ofthe group performed together on only one song - the rest featured Westerberg and guest musicians. Some said that the album was planned 8S a solo record before Westerberg'slabelscutt1ed the idea for commercial reasons. The band toured for 8 few months and then went their separate ways, this time for real. Unsurprisingly, . the official Westerberg solo debut, 14 Songs, sounds much like All Shook Down - an eclectic collection of raucous jams and more introspective material, including one Pierre de Fermat is a first year mathematic8 student. He is currently at work on a book oftheorem8.

tl.Jne that is almost a lullaby. Like much of the Replacements' work, this effort has a few gems and a few throwaways, but on the whole comprises a very enjoyable collection. And by the way, don't hold your breath for the follow-up to "Dyslexic Heart," the sing-along anthem from last summer's Singles soundtrack. A clever song, to be sure, but Westerberg hardly wants to be remembered for its addictive, nonsense chorus. '!he first song on 14 Songs is "Knockin on Mine," a rousing opener that ought ~ make an attractive single. Upbeat without sounding punkish, it recalls "Merry Go Round." Old fans won't be disappointed by what follows, as "World Class Fad," "Something is Me," and "Down Love" all hark. back to the days of sound and fury. The rough-andtumble "Silver Naked Ladies" takes a few fimny potr-ehots at big, fat men who drive ugly rigs with female silhouettes on their mudflaps. A Stones-type boogie with some low-key horns, it's the song that first-time listeners of the album will remember most easily the next day. Yet much of the album resembles song number two, the much quieter "First Glimmer." During this ode to a first love, Westerberg perhaps intends

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to send a message to the fans who still accuse him of "selling out" with this kind of music. "Do you remember me?" he asks in his trademark raspy voice, "I used to wear my heart on my sleeve / I guess it still shows." Another typical song is "Someone I Once Knew.'; If you listen closely, you'll hear Joan Jett and a joke about Japanese televisions.

The real appeal of Paul Westerberg remains intact: the knack for putting words to music. Whether it's in a Bingle line ("Whose suicide are you on?" he demands in "Something is Me") or an entire song (like the hilarious"Mannequin Shop" or the sedate "Even Here We Are~), Westerberg's music will mean something once the lights go down. Ml

Smashing Pumpkins' Latest BY

DREW PETERS

mashing Pumpkins' second fulllength album, Siame~e Dream, is sure to leave' the kids content The music still grooves and,the vocals

Siamese Dream Smashing Pumkins Virgin, Records are as melodic and inarticulate as ever. Siamese Dream is basically a continuation of the 300,OOO-plus-selling Gish. They've added a few 81ight surprises: strings on "Disarm" and "Luna," and piano on "Soma" courtesy of R.E.M's Mike Mills. And frontman Billy Corgan now includes a mellotron as one of his

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mastered instruments. Siamese Dream definitely delivers a quality batch of tunes, complete with climacti~ jams and floating lullabies. If you looking for them to change, forget it. Realize, however, that Smashing Pumpkins are far from timeless. I've got a feeling that the band's signature fuzz-groove sound will be dated by the end of the decade and that we'll look back on the Pumpkins like we look back on the Thompson Twins and Frankie Goes to Hollywood or Whitesnake and Poison: It sounded good back then, but seems ridiculous today. With Siamese Dream, the Pumpkins demonstrate that time probably am't on their side. Ml

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,zmr

THE MICIDGAN REVIEW

Summer 1998

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Fugazi: Still in on the Noise BY FRANK GRABOWSKI

hat more can be said about Fugazi which hasn't been repeated time and time again? It's hard to deny that in today's punk! hardcore scene Fugazi is by far one of the most influential and respected bands_ Every release has brought the

In on the Kill Taker Fugazi Dischord band wide acclaim and broken new ground_I hesitate to say that ever since they released 13 SOng8 in 1989, they have occupied the space as my favorite band alongside the Flaming Lips. Hence, when I walked into my neighborhood record store and noticed

Fronk GmhowsJti is a senior in philO9Opy and a staff writer for the Review.

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Fugazi'slatest release, In on the Kill Taker, I promptly devoured it. Before listening, I was optimistic, but not overconfident. I doubted whether lead singer Ian MacKaye could create another album that would uphold the classic Fugazi sound, and yet be ingenious and, in a sense, different. But he did. This is vintage Fugazi: the famous stutter-stop groove, the blunt primal screams of Ian, and the wall-of-sound production all remain. What surprised me, however, was the noise. When I say noise, I mean so much noise that it inakes your ears bleed. Never before has Fugazi put together a collection of tunes so vicious and raw. "Facet Squared" and "23 Beats Off" (a sequel to "Two Beats Off'?) exhibit this aesthetic madneBB. "Facet Squared" brings to mind a demonic regeneration of "Polish": rough, unpolished and in perpetual motion. On the other hand, "23 Beats Off" begins methodically, almost lulling the listener to sleep before

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exploding at the end into an orgy of sheer noise. Not all the pieces on the album. are characterized by such instinctual wrenching. Listeners caught a glimpse of the "mellow" (I use this term loosely) side of Fugazi in Steady Diet of Nothing. They take the slow yet bumpy run in a few songs, most notably in "23 Beats Off". It's good to know that Ian, Brendan, Joe and Guy take pride at

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