vol_12_no_4 by Michigan Review

THE 路MICHIGAN REVIEW Volume 13, Number 4

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The Campus Affairs Journal of the University of Michigan

Coursepack Prices: The Big Rip-Off BY EDDIE ARNER

OURSEPACKS, COLLECtions of articles , and parts of works which are assigned by professors for use by students are an integral part of the educational experience at the University of Michigan and have been for nearly twenty years. Unfortunately, in the past several years, the prices of coursepacks have risen dramatically. The coursepack for English 371 which cost $17 .11 this term but sold for approximately $6 two years ago is just one of many examples. The cause of this price increase is not inflation, but the recent insistence ofpuhlishers that copy shops pay high royalty fees which they, in turn, pass on to their customers, (i.e. students). In order to comprehend the price jump, one must go back to March 1991 when Judge Constance Baker Motley found Kinko's guilty of copyright infiingement. The decision in Basic BOOM us . Kinko's Graphics Corporation asserted that Kinko's had violated three of the four nonexclusive "fair use" criteria set down in section 107 of copyright law. Motley ruled that Kinko's was producing copies for commercial rather than educational purposes, and that the coursepacks hurt the potential market for the original works. Moreover, she ruled that "the portions copied were critical parts of the books copied, since that is likely the reason the professors used them in their class. " The problem is that it is illogical for Motley to find that copy shops did not produce coursepacks for educational purposes while "acknowledging that professors chose the material for use in the classroom. Many observers of this case feel that Motley did not fully comprehend the issues of the case, and that Kinko's failed to adequately defend themselves . Given what sections 106 and 107 of copyright law state, this seems the only

1 Feel Your Pain

You never thought you'd read it here, but Rush Limbaugh is wrong.

plausible explanation for the outcome of the case . Section 106 enumerates the rights of copyright holders , but specifically states that its regulations are "subject to sections 107 through 120." Section 107 is titled "Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use ." While there is no generally accepted definition of "fair use," section 107 is quite explicit. It reads , "the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified in that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. " Section 107 then lists the criteria for determining "fair use ." These criteria, however, should not apply to the copy shops because they are simply providing "multiple copies for classroom use." The shops are acting as middlemen between the professors and the students, none of whom have the time to waste making the necessary copies . Jim Smith, owner of Michigan Document Services (MDS), agrees with this point of view and is refusing to pay the exorbitant royalty demands of publishers. As a result, a trio ofpublishers, MacMillanlFree Press , St. Martin's Press, and Princeton University Press are suing MDS. 'These publishers are all members of the Associatioi-t of American Publishers (AAP) which is guaranteeing the publishers' legal fees in the MDS case, just as it did in the Kinko's case. The publishers filed this suit against MDS on February 27, 1992 in the UB. Sixth Circuit Court. 'The case is currently on hold while the presiding judge rules on numerous motions from both parties. Smith knows that even if he wins this case, it would not be the . end of the battle because the decision would only be binding in the Sixth Circuit. He hopes that his case or a similar one will reach the UB. Su-

From Suite One

Entree Plus: Let's equalize the competition.

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ers have refused to take a position on preme Court where a final decision can be made. this topic. Perhaps they realize that Until such time, Smith intends to they will lose no matter which side they continue his practice of voluntarily coltake. lecting one permy per copied page as If this notion seems absurd, there royalty for the publishers of copyrighted , are numerous other examples of the publishers' greed and lack of customer material. appreciation. The New York Times, The U-M libraries charge students which charges 75 cents for a daily pa7 cents per page and pay no royalties. If per, has requested up to 1 dollar per students are allowed to make such copies, one wonders why they should not page in royalty fees . Another publisher recently demanded $500 in royalties be able to pay someone to do the copyfor 15 copies 'o f Dr. Martin Luther-Kings ing for them cheaper than they can do "Letter From a Birmingham JaiL" it themselves. MDS charges a maxiPublishers do more than charge mum of 6.5 cents per page, organizes, outrageous royalties; they try td claim and binds the material for its customcopyright to public domain matetial:ln ers. If publishers, with assistance from a recent U-M Dearborn coursepack for the courts, force copy shops to pay the HistorylHumanities 263, Princeton demanded royalties, student copying University Press claimed a 1950 copyat libraries could be the next target. right to "The Declaration of IndepenSmith certainly thinks so and several publishers have stated in court unclel:. I oath that there is no "fair use" fot cf~ss- . See COURSEPACK, Page 7 room use in their opinion. The publish- i

Controversy Surround,s ' Cal Thomas Speech. J ~FF ST .MIKLOSKI

premise that a strong family unit is crucial to a society's well-being," the HE PROBLEMS IN ! group is "committed to strengthening families and to reinforcing traditional America today are not pofamily values in our cullitical and economic, but spiritual and :ture, public institutions, and policy formation ." moral," stated Cal 'Thomas, Thomas spoke on a nationally- recognized auAmerica's decaying moral thor, journalist and politifiber and the overturning cal commentator. 'Thomas of America's long-running arrived from the Washingmarriage with traditional ton beltway to speak to a values by government, large audience at the Power schools, and higher educaCenter on Monday, October 11, in an event sponsored tion. The outspoken and by the Ann Arbor group Citi,candid 'Thomas questioned zens for Family Values. Cal Thomas whether our nation is as grand today as it has been 'The group's goal is "to promote public awareness about issues See SPEAKER, Page 7 affecting the family. Based on the

"T BY

Sex Ed for the Engaged?

You won't believe Michigan'S marriagelicensing procedure.

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100th Issue! Thirteen years and 100 issues later, the Michigan Review continues to spread its hateful right-wing gospel throughout the U-M community. To all of our fans and followers : Thanks for your continued support. To Pat1rice Maurer, Catherine MacKinnon, Corey Dolgon, and all their radical counterparts: WE'RE STILL HERE, YOU LEFTIST PIGS!

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THE MICIDGAN REVIEW

October 20, 1993

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TH E rvllCHIG:\\ REV IE\\'

o THE ~SERPENT'S TOOTH 'f ,<;;,.1>'

The Campus Affairs Journal of the University of Michigan

According to the Detroit Free Press , 100-year-old S. L.Potter recently btmgee jumped off a 210 foot platform. His children, ages 68 to 74, wamed him not to do it, but he replied, "If I die, I die. I told everybody to bring a shovel and a mop, just in case" Once he landed he asked for his teeth back Researchets at Chicago's Children's Memorial Hospital have discovered a new strain of salmonella and named it "Salm.onella mjordan," in honor of the retired Chicago Bulls superstar. Its symptoms include diarrhea, headaches, abdominal pain, and other discomfort. Rumor has it that it also beats up Pistons and blows huge amOlll1ts of money on golfing bets, then retires. Reports from the West Coast say that Chris Webber's new contract with the Golden State Warriors is worth between $75 and $100 million . Considering who is in the White House, we recommend that Chris continue to clip his coupons.

Consumer Reports recently rated Hillary Rodham Clinton's chocolate chip cookies the best in the nation. Clinton allegedly refused to accept their acclaim unless the judges explicitly noted that she didn't have to remain in a kitchen to bake them. Detroit News writer Darrel Dawsey, misguided Afrocentrist and creator of the poorly written black vernacular column called "Buckwhylin'," has recently made more headlines. Dawsey, who just this year verbally assaulted a Review staff writer by calling hi1n a "white supremacist," has received the top prize for commentary in the American Association of Stmday and Feature Editors' 1992 Excellence in Feature Writing Competition. Apparently, the Ignorance in Feature Writing award was already promised to Forrest Green III.

The Amercian Association of Guilty White Liberals also has an award for Dawsey. Unfortunately, he has a policy against accepting more than one a ward

"Anarchy is not chaos.' EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Andrew Bockelman EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Tracy Robinson PUBLISHER: Aaron Steelman EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Jay D. McNeill CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: Eddie Amer, Nate Jamison, James A. Roberts II, Brian Schelke

from the same type of group. It is rumored that Mont ·1 Williams will accept tlle award Im ')awsey's behalf with a painted white face .

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MUSIC EDITORS: Chris Peters, Drew Peters COPY EDITOR: Chauncey Hrtchcock PHOTOGRAPHERS: Joe Westrate, Anriy Wu CIRCULATION DIRECTOR: Eric Larson SYSTEMS ANALYST: Mitch Rohde MTS COORDINATOR: James Elek DISTRIBUTION MANAGER: Andrew Brown

You know you're in Ann Arbor when the U-M pummels Penn State in an astonishing victory, and the Daily makes no mention of it on the front page, but instead nms a huge picture of two men french-kissing on the Diag.

t-.. . _ ..-- ------. --.. . . .- . -.. .-_ . ._-EDITORIAL STAFF: Benjamin Bo~r, Scott Brady, Rachel

Cardone, John Darroose, Joe Epstein, Frank Grabowski, Why is it that groups like the National Gene Krass, Tom Kuczajda, Eric Larson, Michael Uu, Terry Womens' Rights Organizing Coalition Lorber, Jordan Milner, Carolyn Milroy, Crusty Muncher, (NWROC) and the Daily use the term Yawar Murad, Jason Pasatta, Tom Paska, Ben Pergarrent, "right wingers" to refer to neo-Nazis? Scott Powei, Matt Rechtien, Jeff St Mifuii, Susan Sterrtek!, TS Taylor, Perry ThofT'4lson, Aric Tosqui, Matt Wilk, Jon In actuality, the Nazi party is a socialWinick, Tony Woodlief, Yoda ist group (Nazi means National Socialist) that is attempting to move our EDITOR-AT-LARGE: Tony Ghecea country toward rigid statism, which EDITORS EMERITI : Adam DeVore, John J. Miler, Jeff Muir completely violates the principles of AWOL EDITOR: Stacey Walker the true "right wing. " That makes Hitler, the Third Reich, and the new The Mchigan Review is an independent, weekty studentNazis a btmch ofleft wing fanatics. In run joumaJatthe University of Mchigan. We neither solid ?ther words~ take b~ck your leftist loon- .' . nor accept rronetary donations from the University of les you leftist loorues. ,. Mchigan, and we have no respect for anyone that does.

o ROVING PHOTOGRAPHER

The MSA OffICe Allocation process sucks. Contributions to the Michigan Review are tax-<leductible under Section SOl (c)(3) a the Internal Revenue Code. We also have no respect for the IRS or any part a the federal government The Review is no! affiliated with any poIiIicaI party, but Wwe were, we would probabty side wah the Abolitionists.

by Mitchell Rohde

Unsigned editorials represent the opinion the editorial board. Signed articles and cartoons represent the opinions a the author and not necessarlty those of the Review. The opinions presented in this publication are not necessarity those 01 the advertisers or the University a Mchigan. We welcome leiters and articles and encourage comnents about the journal and issues discussed in it. We also accept cash, check, or croney order.

If you won a million dollars, what wouldn't you do with it? Nate Root Graduate Student "I would NOT give it to the University. "

Please address all subscription inquiries to: Circulation Director clo the Mchigan Review. All advertisin9 inquiries should be dtected to: Advertising Director clo the Mchigan Review.

Carrie Wells Graduate Student "/ wouldn't spend it."

EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES: SUITE ONE 911 N. UNIVERSITY AVENUE ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-1265 TEL (313) 662-1909 FAX (313) 936-2505 The_Michigan_Review@umcc.umich.edu Copyright@ 1993, by The Michigan Review, Inc. All rights reserved.

Lisa Hoston LSAJunior "I wouldn)t go bar hopping every night of the week."

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Sharath Franklin Engineering Senior "/ wouldn't keep it all to myself"

WED LIKE TO REMIND YOU THAT THE UNCENSORED CONTENT OF THIS NEWSPAPER IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CONSTITIITION OF THE UNITED STATES. THE CONSTITImON The words we live 1::>' r.) '.ell'""':

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October 20,1993

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o I FEEL YOUR PAIN >':

Why Rush Limbaugh Is Wrong BY JAY

D. McNEILL AND

AARON SrEELMAN

OU ARE NO DOUBT surprised by the headline of this article. No, you are not reading the New York Times or the Village Voice. You are being enlightened by the Michigan Review regarding "'The Great One." Rush Limbaugh is perhaps the most effective and noteworthy spokesman for the American Right. He no doubt provides a valuable alternative to the single-track ideology of the "dominant media culture," and with the Clintons in command, his 17 million listeners no doubt need it. But there are certain flaws in his ideology which can no longer be ignored. Yes, despite his loud claims to the contrary, Limbaugh is an apologist for Big, Fat, Bloated, Gargantuan Government. And we have examples to prove it ... 1. Drugs. Rush has repeatedly stated that it is completely appropriate for the state to intervene in areas of personal freedom such as drug use. History, Limbaugh tells us, has proven that drugs are a destructive force when put in the hands of the general populace and therefore intervention by the state is justified. But in the October issue of the Limbaugh Letter, a monthly newsletter for dedicated listeners, a dittohead from Nevada writes of a trip to the dentist: "The only way this totally liberal dentist managed to get the edge was to give me enough Novocaine and nitrous oxide to shut me up." Rush wrote back, "Way to go, Claudia. By the way: isn't the nitrous great?" While this might be an acceptable response from such pro-legalization notables as William F. Buckley or Milton Friedman, it is outrageous comini from the prohibitionist Limbaugh. But it is a perfect example ofhis hypocrisy. While Limbaugh is allegedly a vehement supporter of freedom when it comes to economics, these beliefs suddenly disappear when personal issues are on the table. This inconsistency is unacceptable. To support the regulation of man to put into his body what he wishes, is to support the regulation of every activity which does not directly harm the well-being of another individual. In other words, when Rush re-

Jay D. McNeill is a senior in business administration and executive editor of the Review. Aaron Steelman is a sophomore in economics and publisher of the Review.' ..

an uneven playing field. That will force nounces the right to personal freedom, spending Jack Kemp, or a pricHonhe no longer has a moral foundation to the American government to increase trolling Richard Nixon. Yet he holds argue for economic freedom. the economic freedom ofits own people. politicians on the other side of the aisle 2. Taxes. But who's to say that They will, in turn, produce superior in contempt for advocating such posiLimbaugh is for economic freedom? Yes, products. The end result will be imtions. To paraphrase Bruce he often argues for the lowering of marproved economic conditions on both Herschensohn: Is he a Republican beginal tax rates, but not for the right sides of the ocean," cause he believes in the philosophy, or reasons. He has often stated that his Either that, or he must recant his does he believe in the philosophy bedesire for lower rates stems from their views on domestic competition. One or cause he's a Republican? ability to produce more revenue than the other. 7. Selfishness and Morality. Durhigher rates. "I want to soak the rich, 4. Enterprise Zones. Rush often ing a recent television show, Limbaugh too," Rush has insisted. This beliefis an says that the Democrats in Congress said, "[Modern) liberalism is complete outrage. What did the rich doing to use the progressivity of the tax code not freedom and selfishness," This is perdeserve such treatment except for be haps the most ridiculous statement he for raising revenue, but for social engiproductive and offering suhas ever made. Once again, Rush has i allowed his statist views on personal perior services to the marketplace? Nothing. liberty to interfere with his overall phiWe could find losophy of freedom. While Limbaugh is certainly justified in attacking the left's Limbaugh's argument for low taxation much easier to inability to see that there is no such stomach if it was based on a thing as a free lunch, or free abortion on desire to keep the Ameridemand for that matter, he has made a can people, both rich and categorical statement regarding the poor, as economically free left's attitude toward liberty which is outrageously false . The left holds freeas possible . Instead, he bases his argument on revdom in complete contempt, from speech to economic policy. enue maximization. What Ai; for selfishness, capitalism and a cop-out. 3. International Ecothe America which Limbaugh holds:so nomics. Rush is obviously dear are fundamentally oased on selfishness. Ameri~a has become a gr~at a strong supporter of competition between domestic nation because oflts ability to harness the inherent selfishness of man. selfentities. He argues that, ishness is the most moral and just bewhile competition adversely lief a man can hold. Witho\lt it, man is affect certain sectors of the "\ guess \ should have gone to college after all." left to stagnate and is reduced to the population, it is nevertheneering. He is right. But Limbaugh ; same level as a slothful insect without less a-necessary and just process. It not supports inner-city enterprise zones, the ability to reason. only allows consumers to choose from S. Morality and Individualism which give tax incentives to those wishall available options, it weeds out the One of Limbaugh's "Undeniable unproductive and 'forces those that reing to locate their businesses in certain Truths of Life," is that "morality C81ll10t main to be more productive than they economically depressed areas. This, too, be defined by individual choice." otherwise would have been in the abis social engineering through the use of When placed under close scrutiny, sence of competition. Limbaugh is corthe tax code. He can't have it both ways. this statement actually defends the rect on all points, 5. Welfare. In his best-selling book, political philosophy which Limbaugh The Way Things Ought To Be , But in the September issue ofthe supposedly holds in such disregard: Limbaugh Letter, he wrote, "Two years Limbaugh writes that we must "reform collectivism. Taken to its logical the welfare system so as to remove the ago I offered a plan to insure that proactive result, Rush's statement America will stay competitive: Export disincentives to upward mobility." reads "morality can only be defined by Wrong. We need to throw out the welliberalism. It gives our foreign competicollective choice." fare state entirely. Redistribution of tors the same business and social headThe Bolshevik Revolution was wealth through government mandates aches we have, creating a level playing field." Though this statement was is a slap in the face of those who value i founded precisely upon "collective choice." What resulted was totalitariliberty. If wealthier citizens in this counclearly made for rhetorical purposes, anism. try wish to provide fmancial support he has repeated it numerous times on Morality can only be defined by for those less productive, they may do his radio show with increasing sincerthat which allows man to live freely so ity. Apparently he believes there is some of their own free will. But those and requires him to take responsibility individuals who do not wish to contribelement of truth to it. for his actions . To accept Limbaugh's ute to such a utopian, Great Society Wrong. Limbaugh has merely almisguided morality is to support statedream, however, should not be forced to lowed himself to be blinded by his nado so, sanctioned aggression. tionalistic sympathies. Competition is competition, regardless ofits source. :(n 6. The Republican Party. In sum, while Rush pretends to be Limbaugh often maintains that he is i order to be consistent, Limbaugh must an independent thinker who is beholden i a defender of liberty and rugged indire-write his statement to say, "I now vidualism to his 17 million listeners, to no political party, In spite of such offer a plan to insure that America will nothing could be further from the truth. self-praise, he is anything but objecstay competitive: Export freedom, It Rather, he is a consummate defender of tive. He shows a complete inability to gives our foreign competitors the means the establishment. The jig is up.Ml criticize a tax-loving Bob Dole, a freeto produce superior products, creating 1

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

oFROM SUITE ONE

October 20, 1993

ALL It\Ol1~ l N fl\'{O~ OF MN~lNLA N (\('OtjS ~~tDE!

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Improving Entree Plus

OST OF YOU HAVE UNDOUBTEDLY USED IT. It's quick, it's easy, and it's convenient. What is it? It's Entree Plus, the popular debit card system t the University of Michigan. One of the major benefits of the,Entree Plus system is its convenience. Simply present your ill card at a business that offers the system and the amount of your purchase is automatically deducted from your account Students often use Entree Plus because they don't want to carry cash, or because Entree Plus accounts are included in the students' tuition bills. Since these are usually paid by parents, "I'll just put it on Entree Plus and let my parents pay for it" has become a popular refrain. Entree Plus has been an effective setup, except for one major problem: It's is only available in a few establishments, namely those located on University property, such as the Michigan Union or North Campus Commons. 'This problem needs to be corrected because it is unjust to businesses located off-£ampus and unfair to students. By limiting the use of Entree Plus to businesses on campus, the university is providing those business with an undue advantage and interfering with the free market The convenience of the Entree Plus system makes it extremely attractive for students to use and increases the business of those establishments possessing the system. For example, the Subway sandwich shop in the basement of the Michigan Union 'is one of the busiest Subway franchises in the nation, while the one on South University Avenue does not have nearly as much business, despite its location near four dorms and many fraternities and sororities. 'This is due in large part to the fact that the Union location offers the Entree Plus system. This unfair advantage is clearly delineated in the textbook market. When a student is required to purchase a particular textbook for a class, usually he can find it at one of three major bookstores on Central Campus: Ulrich's, Michigan Book and Supply, or the Michigan Union Bookstore. The book is the same no matter where it is purchased, and in a totally competitive market, the deciding factor on whereto purchase it should be price. Since the Union Bookstore is the only one of the three that offers Entree Plus, it has an artificially created advantage independent of the market - in luring students. Not only is the current system unjust to businesses, it is also unjust to students. The Union Bookstore can and often does charge higher prices for the same textbooks compared to the other two stores. Any business they lose due to higher prices can be recouped by their exdusive possession of Entree Plus. Students must then pay higher prices for the privilege of using the system. If all the bookstores were allowed to use Entree Plus, then the nOJ1.lllarket advantage ;would disappear and the truly competitive market would re-emerge. Three bookstores might still monopolize the textbook trade, but at least they would have one fewer market-gouging hindrance with which to contend. Inequality of convenience is another problem with the current system. The 'U'l1iveWity cla.bn.s that Entree PlUs was establiShed for the convenience of 8tudents. Yet it is most converuent for the small percentage of students who live right on campus. By extending it to off-£ampus locations, the university can increase the convenience to all students, not just those few who live near the Union and the North Campus Commons, since those students who live far away from campus would not have to tfavelsuch a long distance for the privilege of using Entree Plus. The Entree Plus system is a good idea, but to make it more competitive and more effective, the U-M should make it available to all businesses willing to abide by certain guidelines. Presently, those businesses which are located on university property and want to participate in the program are required to pay an annual fee for the use of the machine, presently $2800, as well as pay the university t4ree percent of each purchase made with the card. If off-£ampus locations are willing to abitle by these requirements, then they should be allowed to participate in the program. The system requires no equipment besides the machine and a phone line, which is very similar to what is needed for credit cards. 'The university claims that extending it off campus would require compliance with a whole host of additional regulations - another unfortunate facet of our omnipresent government - and would not increase the value of the system to students. Yet, students would benefit from even more locatioIlll to use their cards, and the university would be increasing revenue from the system by adding more retailers which would have to pay for the equipment as well as a percentage of each purchase. By making Entree Plus available to off-£ampus businesses, the university could make it an even better program and make it more convenient for students, which was, after all, the original purpose of the program.Mt

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o COMMENTARY Review Celebrates Milestone

HIS WEEK'S ISSUE OF THE Review marks the 100th issue we have published. Founded on' October 15, 1981, the Revieu.! has grown in 12 years from a sporadicallyproduced collection of essays to a journal of opinion published on a regular basis. 'The Review was created in response to bias on the part of Michigan Daily editors. Thomas Fous, founder of the Review and former chairman of the College Republicans, established the paper as a means of combatting the anti-£onservative bias expressed in a Daily editorial condemning the College Republicans. With support from local and national figures, including Paul McCracken, Stephen Tonsor, William F. Buckley, and Gerald Ford, the Review set its first publication date for late November, 1982. From the start, the Review was designed to be a voice of conservatism on a campus that was traditionally liberal. Ai3 Fous described the paper's central theme, the Review was meant to appeal to a new and growing majority of "radical conservative" students who "seek to mesh the essentials of the conservative philosophy with the flair ofthe 60s for instigating reform." Yet despite its overtly conservative beginnings, the Review was also intended to be a journal which featured a variety of intelligent ideas. As our first Managing Editor, Andrew Mathieson, suggested to the Daily, "'What we want to present is a range or spectrum of opinion:" Time and time again, through press releases and policy statemellts, the Review's founders

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expressed a desire to be intelligent, ~!:lctive disseminators offact Said Fous in a letter requesting essays for publication, "The paper is committed to presenting all sides of the issues. Our editorial direction will be conservative in nature, but will have no bearing on the remaining content of the publication:' Our first Editor, Ron Stefanski, added in an interview with the Daily that "(a]lthough the Review has a distinctly conservative image ... the paper intends to present a more moderate image than the University's College Republicans." As writers, their reasoning was simple: "'We want to maintain some journalistic integrity,'" Fous noted in a Daily article after promising that the Review would "allow a broad range of opinion into the paper, including those from the left." Stefanski added that editors would "attempt to separate their own opinions from the others that appear in the paper." As opposed to the Daily, which shunned conservatives behind closed doors, the Review would offer a fair, objective forum for all intelligent ideas, After 100 issues, the question arises: Are we living up to our founding principles? Are we doing our job? You, the readers, are the only ones with the authority to decide. So we ask you to tell us what you think. Send letters to the editor at Suite One, 911 N. University Ave., N, MI, 48109. What are we doing right? What are we doing wrong? Where do we go from here? 100 issues are already gone; what the next 100 will look like is up to.y'o~cMt

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

October 20, 1993

o GET REAL

Keep Bias"Out of Academics BY ToNY GHECEA

OMETIMES ITS EASIER TO do without honesty than it is to seek the truth. It's tough to be an honest, objective observer when bias is so appealing. Yet traditionally, most people have valued objectivity. The men who founded OUT country, for example, though they themsel ves were Christians , insured the right of all citizens to practice theiroW71 religious beliefs. They did so - regardless of whether they agreed with those beliefs - because doing so was right. When they suppressed their bias and sought the truth, the only choice they could honestly make was to grant equal freedom of religion to everyone. But objectivity, or the disinterested pursuit of truth, seems to have gone out of style at the University of Michigan. From English classes to news reporting to the interpretation oflaw, objective investigation is increasingly frowned upon by academics as narrow-minded, dubious, and even impossible. No longer is it enough, for instance, to rea d a story or poem in an English course and simply try to determine what its author meant to say. Today you must "theorize" to major in English. And of all the theories of reading from which you can choose - from Marxism to deconstruction, from feminism to reader-response - the most discouraged and most neglected approach, ironically, is the most legitimate: that which objectively searches for an author's original intent. The excuses behind this neglect are numerous. It's not an authors intent that matters, blLt a readers reaction to his or her work . Authors are unimportant, because their cultures, not their minds, determine their words. Every reader is biased, so every reading of a text must be biased. Authors are unique and language is ambiguous, so it's impossible to understand exactly what writers wanted their words to convey. Whatever excuse they use, however, most U-M English professors respond harshly to students who propose a simple, objective reading of a text. A professor of mine recently chided a student who simply asked ifit would be "okay" for him to disagree with her non-objective reading of a poem. "No, it's not okay," she claimed. "'The text is too complicated to allow the simple interpretation you suggest." Her interpretation was a Marxist one - which, of course, the text allowed. Distaste for objectivity occurs in

Tony Ghecea is a senior in English and of the Review.

edito~t-large

other fields as weU. In the case of joursubje ctivel y distort existing laws t o position as respected providers of fact t o misinform the public Biased lawnalism, it affects the reporting of news. serye their own ends. The legal theory Whether neglecting to mention certain taugh(in law schools like U- M serves yers deprive citizens of their right to vote on laws (a la Roe v. Wade ) and tirin facts, falsely depicting one to justify their illegal interside of an issue , or otherthe law into meaningless mush (if it pretive acts. wise introducing opinion can't mean one thing to everyone, how Giving up on objectivcan anyone obey it at all?) into their work, many writity ultimately means givDespite its purported justifications, ers and editors find it hard ing in to bias . Whatever giving up on objectivity is simply a copto remain unbiased. fonn it takes and whatever out. True objectivity, admittedly, is difexcuse it makes only atFor example, a Januficult to reach. But true objectivity is ary 1993 Michigan Daily tempt to disguise the irrethe state we must strive for to have any news headline read , sponsibility a t its heart. hope of claiming that we have honestly "Clinton Left to Face ReBias invariably excuses publican Red Ink " But the itself Ifno one can be objec- i done our work, and found the truth. English students are obligated to article, originally written by tive, there's lW point in trybe faithful to literature and the authors the Associated Press, exing to be objective. So why who wrote it. Journalists owe it to the plicitly stated that "Demonot let bias rule the day? public to present the facts in truth. Biased academics seem to crats and Republicans hotly Lawyers must read the law as legislaassume the moral high dispute who is to blame" for tors meant it to be read. the national debt. ground by "admitting" that In short, objectivity offers the only they can't be unbiased. Yet Somewhere in the propath to the truth. Being biased in any cess of publication, what in fact they simply excuse field means taking the easy way out-'was originally an objective A professor in touch with themselves from trying to the proletariat detects doing without honesty, and settling for article picked up a biased be objective at all. less than the truth: To be honest people The results are predicttag. Instead of giving the capitalist bias in the works of a dead white male. we must first be objective observets. ably shameful. Biased proarticle an unbiased title Those who do otherwise - those who something like "Clinton Left to Face fessors abuse their role as educators to forsake objectivity - simply aren't doindoctrinate students with their politiCongressional Red Ink" - the article's ing their jobs.l\R editors allowed political opinion to cor- I ('~l heliefs . Biased reporters l,lse theI~ rupt the act of presenting fact. The abandonment of objectivity, however, has worked its worst effects in the field of la w. Leftist theories of Enclosed is my TAX-DEDUCTIBLE donation of $20 or more for 13 bi-weekly la w - the counterparts of English issues plus the 1994 Summer Orientation Issue. theory - have begun to dominate the curriculums oflaw schools like U-M. Please send my subscription to: Nrune: ________________________________________ Fonner justice Robert Bork calls these theories "Critical Legal Studies" - "a Address: nihilistic neo--Marxist movement that views aU law as oppressive and politi- i cal." While that depiction may sound . Please make check or money order payable to: extreme, it contains a good bit of truth. THE MICHIGAN REVIEW Legal theory, like English theory, 911 North University Avenue, Suite One, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1265 gives lawyers justifications for reading the law with biased eyes. And when , lawyers lose objectivity, they take a Detroit&. Maetillac Irish Red dangerous stand on the law. Instead of Youn~'s Oatmeal Stowt Newcastle Brown Ale objectively reading a law exactly as Detroit&. MaliDac IPA those who wrote it intended - an apYouiIg's Special Bitter Hacker Pscllon Dark proach which legal theorists disdainGreat Lakes Porter Double DiamODd fully call "strict construction" - biased McEw3D's Export Paulancr Weiss lawyers assume the right to interpret W1rltbrcad Ale Gubmess Stout the law however they please. Things Woodpecb:r Cider Pilsaet Urquell like the "right" to privacy or to an aborPullers ESB tion, which appear nowhere in the Bill Amstel Ligbl of Rights, are suddenly "discovered" by Fosters lawyers and judges who know they're not there, but think they should be. The men who wrote the ConstituSelection tion left room for new rights. When citizens wanted to grant themselves When It Comes to Great Beer - Come To Ashley's new rights , they simply had to elect ! representatives to create the laws to Full Menu * Live Jazz Every Tuesday * Open Late secure them. But liberal legal theorists refuse to follow that objective route . Great Burgers * English Cheeses * Hearty Salads The legislative process is oppressively 338 S. State Street Ann Arbor 313-996-9191 slow for people with political agendas to push. They fmd it much easier to I

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

October 20, 1993

o EsSAY

Wedlocked: Se5(Ed for the Engaged J.

have already been exposed to whatever does to the body. My disease-fighting fees, spent over $200,000 for every case diseases their fiances carry. of AIDS detected. Marriage license apT-<:ells apparently look like little pacThis kind of misdirection has unplication in illinois border counties subE'I'TING MARRIED IN THE men as they chomp away at intruder fortunately characterized the entire age of AIDS is a tricky proposisequently dropped by nearly 25 pervirus globs. The splotchy AIDS virus tion. We're constantly reAIDS prevention movement. Gay accent. In neighboring states, they rose is deadly because it makes my Tminded that going to bed with someone cells explode in a bright red fanfare . tivists continue to stress that AIDS is correspondingly. Wisconsin's Kenosha not a "gay disease" and that it affects is like linking up to an entire network County became a midwestern version Death unfortunately follows, even of sexual histories: make a bed connecnearly all demographic groups - even f Las Vegas, issuing more than monogamous couples about to enter tion and you die. Although marriage half its licenses - which, at $50 , supposedly lessens these hazards , wedlock. It's a clever strategy insofar cost over three times as much as as it advances the gay activists' "we'respouses are virtually guaranteed to Illinois' - to Illinois residents. share in whatever venereal misery one no-different- than-you-â&#x201A;Źxcept- forHaving experienced so little one-little-thing" agenda. Yet it has partner might bring into the relationsuccess at such high prices, the ship. Perhaps more than ever before , created widespread paranoia . School Illinois and Louisiana laws now you had better know what you're getdistricts regularly pass out condoms to serve as powerful arguments ting into before exchanging vows. against every proposal to manhelp prevent AIDS, but the disease Amy and I covered this territory doesn't affect most student populations. date an AIDS test before marlong ago. We discussed our pasts, made i riage. Lawmakers in 13 states Professional ba sketball players panour judgments, and, despite the risks , icked when Magic Johnson briefly conintroduced testing bills last year decided to go ahead and walk down the ! and all of them flopp ed Considered abandoning his r etirem ent. aisle together. We never expected the necticut, Georgia , Louisiana , People who don't need AIDS tests comgovenunent to butt its he ad into this Massachusetts, Ne w York, Oklamonly demand them, clogging up the private matter, but guess what the homa, Pennsylvania, Rhode Ispublic health test lines and causing state of Michigan, where we married land , South Carolina, and Texas needless delays with work that simply last Jlme, did its best to sneak into our will probably vote down similar doesn't need to be done. decision- making by requiring that all A smart AIDS program would idenbills this year. man-iage applicants take a remedial A handful of states cUlTently . tify at- risk grou ps and send its resex ed course. Thanks to a 1990 law, we i .,Â§J;llITces where they will do the most require that malTiage license applicants receive educational maOh dear! Call everything off! I need an AIDS test! .. r' good. Since the disease is lar gely rehad to sit in a classroom for 45 minutes and learn about the transmi ssion of stri cted to h omosexuals , int r avenous terial about AIDS and testing, but only though it looks pretty n eat in animaHIV before we could get the state 's drug users, and their sex prutners, some Michigan's la w creates any serious tion marital seal of approval. health experts now argue th at heavyhassle. It demands that applicants atThe rest of the video came from the Attempt.s to connect marriage lihitting prevention efforts in 25 to 30 tend counseling by a physician or pubsame school of cinematography a s those cense applications with public health lic health official "regarding the transgory driver's ed films that try to shock , specific neighborhoods arOlmd the counproblem s have a long hist or y. Most try would sub stantially r edu ce the mission and prevention of bot h venetheir audiences into safe driving habstates used to require pre-marital blood real disea se and HIV infection." The its. Instead of smoldering husks of auto spread of AIDS, even in the a bsence of t ests for syphilis and other di seases, a vaccine or a miracle cure. The kinds of contents of the cOlmseling are left up to wreckage and the splattered bodies of but these laws slowly petered out as programs suggested for a full- scale asthe instructor - a particular session the human roadkill, however, the video medical technology advanced and dissa ult on the di sease's epicenters incould take one minute or one hour defeatured fragile skeletons of AIDS viccovered treatments. By the ,time AIDS volve the widespread availability of free pending on whether an applicant goes tims hanging on t o their fmal , painful emerged in the 1980's, most states did condoms and clea n needle s - highly days . From the opening scene of an to a private doctor or a private worknot requ.ire any sort of blood test for contentious political issu es that, for shop. Doctors typically charge between otherwise h ealthy looking young man engaged couples. With the threat of a $35 and $75 for signing the necessary weeping over his terminal condition to better or worse , are not likely to receive new epidemic, however, testing became serious consideration from state legiscertificate; county health departments the image of white children wearing a hot topic. Between 80 and 90 percent I usually ask for $10 to $20 per couple. latures or local governments . It's so preppy clothes and riding skateboards of the public approved of the idea. The I . My own counseling session took in their tidy suburban world, the video much easier for them to target brides movement peaked in 1987 , when the place in a county health office with over and grooms, who have no lobbying agenhammered home its message : AIDS Reagan administn\tion urged the states can happen to anybody. 40 other future brides and grooms. The cies to fend off the nanny state, and to pass their own testing laws. Illinois packed-in schoolroom atmosphere proWell, yes and no. Perhaps nobody is claim that they are "doing something" and Louisiana soon become the only absolutely immune to AIDS, but some vided an intense sensation of deja vu about AIDS. two states in the nation to require an people are much more prone to contract I felt transported back into my junior Meanwhile, Michigan labors in fuAIDS test prior to marriage. high health class with Mr. Boyer. I it than other s. Engaged heterosexual tility. If Michigan is really worried about The law in Louisiana lasted about slouched in the back of the room as my couples - who are the only people in AIDS spreading through its population six months; in Illinois, less than two instructor rattled on about birth conMichigan subject to mandatory AIDS and wants to have engaged couples pay years. Both were disasters. Of the estitrol devices, the symptoms of chlamycounseling - hardly comprise a high.,for prevention efforts, it should do away mated 250,000 marriage licence applidia, and several kinds of sex acts. Sitrisk group. Only a tiny fraction ofthem with its pre-marital counseling law , cants tested in Illinois, for example, ting next to my soon-to-be wife , I will cany HIV, and even those few will boost its $23 marriage license fees , and only 52 were diagnosed with HIV. State learned that "abstinence is the best probably have passed it along to their direct the revenue toward high-risk health officials estimated that engaged protection" against AIDS and other partners well before the county health groups. As things stand, couples waste couples, who generally paid between sexually transmitted diseases. If that departments can seize their "teachable their time and money on counseling $30 and $125 in per-person testing didn't work, we could always resort to moment" to use the trendy social worker that the vast majority of them don't condoms, preferably with a waterlingo . Nearly a quarter of all people need and can't use.Ml. John J . Miller is associate director of based lubricant and spermicide concohabit with their future spouses and the Manhattan Institute's Center for taining nonoxonol-9. more than 80 percent of Americans the New American Community, former After this tiresome presentation, a have had sexual relations by the time editor-in-chief of the Review, and a video tried to sum things up. It used they turn 20. It seems likely that most 1992 graduate of U-M. cartoons to teach us about what AIDS of my fellow counseling attendants will

BY JOHN

MILLER

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

October 20, 1993

•

DESSAY

Faculty Code Crumbles In his address to the Senate ABsembly, Whitaker stated that he knew of no instance ofa complaint being filed F WE ARE 'TO ERR IN THE delicate act of balancing free under the policy. This statement deminquiry and respect for human onstrates either the flaw in the U-M's dignity, the value of increased knowlhistory of code writing, or a lack of edge through free inquiry must be understanding on the part of Harrison given priority." So said Provost Gilbert or Whitaker. "What would it mean to Whitaker in a speech to the Senate file a complaint Wlder a policy which Assembly announcing the recent sus- , contained no means of enforcement, pension of the Interim Policy on Disand why bother suspending such an criminatory Harassment by Faculty and impotent policy? Staif'in the University Environment Whitaker showed the suspension also known as the faculty speech code . of the policy to be even more futile by \Vhitaker went on to add, "Just as pointing out that several other means lack of civility must not silence discusof dealing with instances of harasssion, false claims of racism, sexism, ment currently exist. At the university and so forth must not be allowed to level, Regental Bylaw 14.06 can cover silence legit.imate discussion. " He ensuch matters . couraged President Duderstadt to sus- . Whitaker's preferred method of pend the policy as it pertained to the ; dealing with claims of harassment classroom in an effort. to "encoumge a seems to be resolving the incident indialogue about the issue" said Vice formally at the department level. "In President for University Affairs, Walter my observation and experience," he said, "specific incidents of harassment Hanison . It seems milikely, however, that such a discussion truly interest.s are generally resolved informally, by the U-M. The administration realized direct conversations between the parthat this suspension would have no ties, perhaps with the assistance of a effect on university operations . "The dean, department chair, ombudsperson, or other trusted colleague." suspension is a sy1ubolic gesture. The This type of resolution , however, tnteOO1 policy had no means of enforcepresents a host of other problems that ment," said Harrison. \Vhitaker completely failed to mention Per)'y Thompson Is a senior il! philosoFor example, sociology professor David phy and commumcation and a staff CrOldberg was recently cited for harasswriter for the Review . ment at the department level. Howard

BY PERRY THOMPSON

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dence" and ilie University of Chicago Press claimed a 1977 copyright to "The Federalist Papers nos. 10 and 51 ." The la tter claim denoted iliat ilie editor's notes - to which U-Chicago Press might have been able to claim copyright - were omitted. I While it is generally thought that ' i copyright law wa~ designed to pro- . tect the author, artist, et. ai. from having their work stolen, 1. Ray Patterson, a national expert on copyright law, Pope Brock Professor of Law at the University of Georgia , and expert witness for MDS, disagrees. In his book The Nature of Copyright, which he co-wrote with Stanley W. Lindberg, he essentially argues that the primary purpose of copyright law was public benefit by advancement of knowledge, and that author protection was secondary. Thus in Patterson's estimation, publishers have obviously gone too far and are using copyright law in ways

Schuman, the department chair at the Whitaker's announcement does not go time of the incident, promised the ofnearly far enough. fended students that GDldberg would To guarantee that faculty and stuno longer teach the disputed course dents alike are able to voice ideaswith-.· and that he would investigate further out fear of reprisal, the University must before allowing GDldberg to teach any do more than remove an impotent policy. required courses in the department. It must make a positive statement forSchuman made this promise before he bidding the censorship of ideas expressed in an academic setting. even finished reading GDldberg's defense . Policies such as those used to Does \Vhitaker mean to imply that threaten political science student methods such as Schuman's , which Shawn Brown in 1992, and the dreadGDldberg likened to the English Star fullack of a policy that led to the welldocumented GDldberg case must be Chamber, are somehow conducive to changed . A simple statement of acafree inquiry? If the University truly values "increased knbwledge through demic freedom would achieve this effree inquiry", where was the adminisfect If a question exists as to wheilier a tration when Schuman decided the GDldberg case? It was left to individual statement is an academic idea or a personal slur, a hearing ought to be professors such as Carl Cohen of the Philosophy Department and several held in a fair, public manner, with the accused able to face his accusers . members of the sociology faculty to deWill the U-M adopt such a state· fend Goldberg from ilie students' anonyment? It is doubtful . President James mous claims An institution that allows travesties such as the GDldberg inciDuderstat made the enact~ent of a student code a primary focus of hi s dent cannot legitimately claim to value administration, and Vice President for free inquiry. Student Affairs Maureen Hartford It is possible iliat, given ilie amount of popular support for GDldberg and the f'-made the implementation of a student speech code her first priority at U- M. negative publicity generated by the inThese facts, along with the Universitis cident, the U-M has realized that in general pandering to those who voice order to maintain its position as a complaints of harassment, suggest tllat . world-{'lass research university, it must a positive statement of academic freetake steps to insure that the dom is a long way from becoming a expressionof ideas will not result in reality at ilie University ofMichlganl\R official censure. If this is the case , ---- ---~-------------

SPEAKER Continued from Page 1

in the past, and vehemently answered, wrong with American society. in which it was never intended. "It's not." He maintained that it is not With Washington itself steeped in While Smith is fighting back bad economic policy, but railier a deeper confusion, Thomas asked that people against the publishing companies, he problem - a crisis in traditional values not look to the Beltway for solutions. can't fight alone. He has proposed a "Problems come from Washington, not and parental leadership, suffocated by coordinated boycott by individual propopular culture - whose mindless solutions," he asserted. Instead, Thofessors , the American ABsociation of themes have led us astray from our mas suggested that individuals must University Professors (AAUP), and golden days. Thomas also noted that set an example for others through their other professor's groups against the : our past leaders have actions and behavior AAP members by refusing to order . not gained recognition if they wish to rejuvetextbooks from them. Even one senate the American for their economic mester of such a boycott would put a policies; instead, their spirit. "We need a reflarge enough dent in the publishers' courage and virtue ormation of the soul profits to make them more appreciatook them to great - not money from tive of their customers. Smith has Washington, " Thoheights. also been in contact with the ACLU, Even the Repubmas concluded. but the group has not expressed any lican Party, in ThoWhile Thomas interest in the case as of yet. As a mas' assessment, was ending his result of the Kinko's ruling, Smith seems to be lacking " .. speech, anti-Thomas has had to raise the price of his courage at the moI come to protest Cal Thomas. protesters, comprised coursepacks 30 to 40 percent in the ment. Thomas noted that the Republimostly of chanting gays and lesbians, past two years just to remain in busi- . can Party assembled a 14-member task i blocked ilie auditorium exits until camness. Smith is doing his part; it is force to travel aroWld the cOWltry to i pus police arrived to remove them. Detime for students and professors to ask people what beliefs the Republican spite the disruption , those already inactively fight the publishing Party should represent. This Wlcerside the auditorium warmly applauded companies.l\R tainty and ambivalence about values, Thomas for treating them to an enterargued 'Thomas, is at the core of what is taining evening. m

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o OPINION

Free Speech'Is a Right, Even For Fascists BY RACHEL CARDONE

ERE YOU OUTRAGED BY the anti-Semitic filth that was published in the Michi · gcm Daily on October 6? I wasn't, Printing the letter by Bradley Smith was not in bad taste . By presenting the op-€d in conjunction with two opposing editorials in addition to an explanation by the editors, the Daily succeeded in letting editorial freedom ring. Free speech is one of our most basic rights as citizens of this country. People are allowed to believe what they want, think what they want, and publish what they want. Not because it's easy or pleasant, but because it's right. It is a process that allows all concerned citizens to digest the available information, ponder the different points of view, and make their own determination of the truth. While Bradley Smith's views on the Holocaust are seriously flawed and delusive , he nevertheless lives under the same Constitution as you and 1. He is entitled to its protections, no matter how unorthodox his beliefs. No, the problem is not Bradley Smith, but rather the response he has received. It has been disturbing to say the least. Perhaps the most egregious example of this was a flyer distributed by the National Women's Rights Organizing Coalition (NWROC): "'The Daily ... is part of a general rightward movement nationally - it is time to fight this rightward movement, and make U-M inhospitable to fascist organizing!" 'This very statement, fascist in itself, reveals the group's hypocrisy. It gets worse, with a now-common "list of demands." The first, "Build mass, militant integrated mobilizations to smash the {aseist marches!" does not appear to be in accordance with the "sensitivity-towards- others" lifestyle we should all be living. After all, this is the '90s, a supposedly tolerant and accepting decade where almost anything goes. The second, "Fight racism, antiSemitism, anti-lesbianlgay bigotry and sexism!" This is a noble cause, and ifl were to read it without knowing the context of everything else on the flyer, I would approve. Yet how NWROC will fight all of these problems of society through "militant integrated mobilizations" is not explained . Furthermore ,

Rachel Cardone is a freshman in LSA and a staff writer for the Review .

this particular "demand" is in defense of minority groups. Over the past few years, the general public has had to endure the outcries of every minority group tha t could possibly exi st . Shouldn't Smith, a minority himself (at least his beliefs are in the minority), be accorded the same treatment? The group's third demand, "No reliance on the cops, courts, Democrats or Republicans to stop the fascist marches!" is unreal. They openly state that they will break the law in order to stop op--€ds like Smith's from getting published. 'The passion they feel about this topic is so overwhelming that they are willing to break the law! What a striking contrast this attitude is to Bradley Smith, who broke no law in writing his beliefs. The fourth goal of NWROC is to "[b]uild integrated workerlblacklJewish community defense guards to defend against fascist attack!" NWROC seems to think there is a war going on between the fascists and the rest of society. Could it be, perhaps, that they have their own agenda in mind? Could it be that they want the public to know they exist by putting up the pretense that they are here to serve us, to make our community safe and kind? The last goal printed on the flyer

was, "No free speech for fascists!" Here, the group has overstepped its bOlmds and once again proven itself to be a collection of hypocrites . When organizing a group and attempting to further a cause, hypocrisy is detrimental. How can we believe what the y are saying, how can we have pity for them and support their cause against fascism if they rely on the tactics offascism themselves? Suppression of speech is, in itself, fas cist. Bradley Smith never pushes fascism in his op--€d, he merely published his thoughts that prove his ignorance. If Smith's op-€d were truly the reason behind NWROC's proposed belligerence, they would seek other methods to ensure that people would not believe his views. They would push to have the horrors of the Holocaust taught to all students Instead, they went in the opposite direction, and the only person who seems to be benefitting from that decision is Smith himself. In sum, Smith's op-OO was a prilU~.~ example of why newspapers and tree speech are so important; it caused people to think and define their own views. It got people talking about an issue they might not have ever even thought about. Down with totalitarian organizations! Let freedom ring!Ml

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

October 20, 1993

o BOOK REVIEW

Advocating Mar,ket-Based Solutions BY AARON STEEL~AN

The current administration argues the reduction of elementary and secthe populace to demand a change as long and hard that the reason for the ondary education funding by fifty perwell as for the government to reform its URING HIS PRESIDENCY, current budget deficit and collective cent, the elimination of the U.8. Deways and privatize certain essential George Bush accorded the free debt is that "the rich didn't pay their partment of Energy (one of Reagan's services currently thought to be the market a second-class position fair share during the eighties." While unkept promises), and an end to all strict domain of the State. The public as a viable institution for economic and thii:? assertion flies in the face of empirifunding for the National Endowment obviously benefits when an industry social progress, Unfortunately, the cal data - which shows conclusively for the Humanities (NEH), the Naoperates on market principles which that revenues in factrose from lowertional Endowment for the Arts (NEA), reward only those who supply a good Market Liberalism: ing the income tax for all individuals and the Public Broadcasting Service product at a competitive price. It is it has nonetheless become conventional (PBS). equally obvious that it is impossible for A Paradigm for the 21 st wisdom. Niskanen and Moore offer This plan may be difficult to envithe State to produce this competition. Century I another hypothesis as to what caused The government will benefit if it no sion for some. However, when one conEdited by Edward H. Crane and the burgeoning debt: reckless federal siders that the federal government now longer provides these services, sells its spending. resources to private industry thus erespends over $1.6 trillion dollars a year, David Boaz Niskanen and Moore propose to it becomes apparent that the United ating a one-time windfall, ends a budCato Institute phase out about half of the current States economy cannot just grow itself getary drain in the form of subsidies, Paperback, 404 pages military budget by the end of the deout of the deficit. Economic growth is a and adds these new private industries necessity for deficit reduction and we cade. At the core of these cuts is a major to the taxpayer rolls. $15.95 Which industries need to be can ill afford new taxes that will stifle reduction in active military personnel to a figure close to 1.1 million by 1998. rhetoric against market structures has such growth, but we have reached the privatized? Bob Poole outlines many gotten progressively worse under Bill Niskanen and Moore concede that these point at which swift and dramatic acimportant ones, including the Air TrafClinton, with this administration concuts in personnel and weaponry would tion must be taken. fic Control System, the United States stantly decrying the evils of competimake a deployment of the force and size Niskanen and Moore have put toPostal Service, and surplus military of Desert Storm impossible. Yet they tion, personal ingenuity, and hard work. gether a plausible budget worthy of • bases. Although it has become dangerous in claim that such a military would be attention. While it does not go as far as i Poole argues for the privatization this political climate to speak of the more than adequate to maintain astrait should in some areas, we must reof the postal service on the grounds of power of the market, the Cato Institute tegic nuclear force, sufficient active member that we live in a time when I comparing its productivity to that of has been principled enough to come forces to meet the types of minor threats everyone wants to know what the gov- i}J.?S and Federal Express, ci~ the down consistently on the side of free that might arise with short warning, ernment can do for, or rather,to therp.. r Tact that the USPS only retams five minds. and a sufficient mobiliI percent of the parcel business and Cato, founded in 1977, is "a public zation base to respond eleven percent of overnight express delivery. He also notes the successes, of policy research foundation dedicated to to a major threat that broadening the parameters of policy would likely only deother countries in, privatizing their debate to allow consideration of more velop over a period of postal service, particularly the system options that are consistent with the years. of New Zealand and Australias newly drafted plan. . traditional American principles of limAlthough there is no ited government, individualliherty, and question that the curThe privatization of outdated milipeace." In keeping with this tradition, rent size of the military tary bases which are being phased out the Institute recently published Maris untenable, a dramatic or are no longer in use seems an obvious ket Liberalism. Subtitled A Paradigm decrease of this sort suggestion. Adding weight to thisargufor the 21st Century, the book is just could put the United ment is the fact that many of these bases are located in high-value real that - a pattern for intelligent change. States in a vulnerable Market Liberr;Liism contains twentyposition. It seems unestate markets and should command a hefty price, such as Fort Sheridan north three chapters, and each outlines a likely that this would of Chicago and the Presidio near San practical free market approach to solvhappen, but with Bill Clinton, who feels it is Francisco. ing America's biggest problems - from As America moves into the 21st Social Security to our unholy alliance the responsibility of the with the United Nations. Edited by United States to meddle century, it must seriously reevaluate Cato President Ed 'Crane and Execuin affairs such as Somaand revamp public policy. The twentieth century has been:dominated,bythe tive Vice President David Boaz, Market lia, which contain absoLiberalism brings together the writlutely no American inpower of the State, from FDR's New Isn t SOCialism grand! Deal to Mussolinl's reign of terror, and terests, in command the ings of many notable scholars, including William Niskanen, Doug Bandow, risk is greater. Perhaps Niskanen and Progress often has to come in steps, and not surprisingly it was the century most this proposed budget would be a huge affected by international war and vioand Ted Galen Carpenter, to discuss Moore need to look at this issue a bit step in the direction of government lence. It is time to change this trend the dangers of state interference in the i more carefully. reduction. and move towards market based soluWhen Bill Clinton cries "Give me lives of individuals throughout the' Government currently pervades tions, not government coerced ones. If world. specifics on what to cut from the budevery aspect of our lives, from our walBill Clinton is serious about reinventing Although all of the essays are worthget l" to Republican Congressional memlets to our bedrooms. The federal govgovernment, he ought to pick up Marwhile, a few are especially worthy of bers, he has a point; they have not ernment has effectively given itself a kef Liberalism and learn some basics. mention, namely "Balance the Budget given him specifics. We must rememmonopoly in certain industries, such as by Reducing Spending" by William her that all politicians - Republicans or Ml Niskanen and Stephen Moore, and Democrats - are first and foremost roads and highways, and has granted Sl'nd lett~rs to: "Privatizing Essential Services" by Reabureaucrats who make their living off equally effective monopolies to certain Tllr \IICHlGAN HL:\'IF\\' "private" companies in other industries, son publisher Robert Poole. the slave labor of the American taxSUn:O~E such as electricity. These monopolies payer. Niskanen and Moore offer a packQll :\. L~I'TRSIl Y:\ 'T. Aaron Steelman is a sophomore in econeed to be eliminated. age which includes over fifty specific A:\;\ AR BOH, 1\11 ·18 H1'I-1203 nomics and p'ublisher of the Review. i federal. PtO~J? cuts., :rp.~~~ j.IJ.dude There.are numerous reasons for ' ,,,t,,'" . » J t . t f , * t . " ',",~.~ ~ ', iYp>!o''l,/::, I

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October 20, 1993

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o SCIENTIFICALLY SPEAKING :<11

Learning With Interactive Computers cheap in the future that we will see, according to Soloway, "an entirely new medium, one that will be interactive." This interactive medium will result in a change in learning and a change in the very nature of literacy itself "We have focused on text [in learning]," says Soloway, "but with the new computer medium, kids can 'come to know' in a different way." Literacy in the future will no longer involve simply the ability to read and write, but will include the ability to use computers to retrieve and organize information. To know something today means that one has read and incorporated certain facts and ideas. Soloway, however, says that "to know in the 21st century will mean 'I can find it,'" because humans will increasingly interact with computers to access information. Soloway's current project involves the use of interactive computer techniques at Ann Arbors Community High School. Students involved in Soloway's study use computers to work on "authentic science projects" such as finding the acidity of the Huron River.

BY BRIAN ScHEFKE

MAGINE A SCHOOL IN THE 21st century, where paper and pencils have been replaced by computer notebooks. What will learning be like? How will it have changed with the use of computers and technology? Questions such as these are now being studied by University of Michigan researcher Elliot Soloway. Soloway, an associate professor in the U-M's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, is working with about fifteen others as part of the Highly Interactive Computing Environment (HiCE) research group. His goal is to get an idea as to "what will happen thirty years from now when students will have a computer as a notebook" rather than paper and pencil. Along with a shift in technology, Soloway foresees a change in learning. Consumer electronics will become so Brian Scluifke is a senior in cellular and molecular biology and a contributing editor of the Review .

Soloway plans to observe how these students- using interactive computerslearn scientific processes as compared to their peers who learn through more traditional means. F\mded by a $1.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation, the project utilizes a technological component of learning known as ScienceWorks. ScienceWorks runs on Apple PowerBooks that students can take home with them. ScienceWorks provides "a suite of tools" which allow the students to organize their investigations and use interactive media to illustrate their results. Computing technologies are fully integrated into the daily activities of the students . For example, students use their computers in planning how to carry out their experiments and determining what to study. They collect data I using hand-held computers (such as I Apple Newtons ), and utilize ~' ScienceWorks to organize this data. Furthermore, students can use Scie~ceWorks .to m.odel their d.a ta so that It can be VIsualized. They caI\ corr-struct graphs which can shift'along I I

with changes in their data, or show long-range changes in an ecosystem when the environment is altered. Hence, the stud~nts can realistically simulate their results in a manner that text simply does not allow. By observing how the students learn science, Soloway hopes to determine good ways in which computers can be used to enhance learning. Solowayfeels that with increased use of interactive modeling and computation, school curricula will focus less on facts and more on the process of science. "Traditionally, students learn content," claims Soloway. "But because facts change so quickly, they need to be acquainted with the processes of science 80 they can adapt to these changes." Soloway adds that with the dynamic nature of information, "you need to prepare people for lif~ong learning." By June 1994, Soloway expects to have the construction ofhis computerenhanced classroom complete. Then, perhaps, we will be able to get a glimpse of the role of computers in creating the brave new world of the coming century.

Perot Expands Empire to U-M Campus BY CHAUNCEY HITCHCOCK

OSS PEROTS BRAINCIDLD, United We Stand America (UWSA), recently caught the attention of an expanding group of Univeraity of Michigan students. The newly formed U-M chapter ofUWSA recruited over 50 students at last month's Festifall to join the organization. Considering that the local chapter has only been in existence for a little over a month, the group's rapidly increasing membership is a promising sign.

In a recent interview, Jimmy Harnsberger, Media Liaison for the group > discussed the purpose of the local chapter> focusing on some shortterm goals of the organization. Harnaberger described UWSA's UM chapter as, "a group of students who truly want to get involved [in the political process}" The local chapter ofUWSA would like to see all students - members and non-members alike - take notice and be aware of what is happening in the national political spectrum. While membership in the U-M chapter is limited strictly to students , Chauncey Hitchcock is a freshman in LSA and a staff writer for the Review.

Harnsberger stated that everyone is welcome to attend UWSA meetings and share their views in a "constructive" manner with the local organization. Harnsberger, a graduate student in linguistics, founded the new chapter with fellow students Keva Silversmith, Kimberly Henderson, and Benjamin Bolger, all LSAjuniors. The local chapter receives no financial support from the national organization ofUWSA or the University. At the time of the interview, Harnsberger and Silversmith were running the new chapter out of their own pockets. "The idea is for us to be our own entrepreneurs. We [still] have to get organized," explained Harnsberger. Of course, the national UWSA is barely a year old itself Perot, who claims to be a spokesman and not a leader of the national organization, has set a goal for total UWSAmembership to reach three million by its eighteenth month of existence. The U-M chapter plans to continue expanding its membership base as well. . While there is a $15 charge to join

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the national UWSA -hailed by many as the third party of the future - the only prerequisite for U-M students to join the campus chapter is to show some interest, and there is no membership fee . Harnsberger is urging students to get involved. "It's not enough to sit still ... Students should be interested; it's our future ," he urged. It is the belief of the campus chapter of UWSA that politicians on the whole haven't been up front with the American public. "Our elected officials should have the welfare of constituents at heart," said Harnsberger. "We've been sold a bill of goods by [dishonest politicians]." The chapter is currently in the process of designing activities for the near future and lining up volunteers to debate issues in a forum setting. The group plans to tackle current issues such as NAFTA, the budget, and health care. While the group has "no vision for '96," as of yet, Harnsberger stressed that the group would like to maintain a separate identity from its national counterpart.

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Harnsberger calls UWSA a "nonprofit citizen's lobbying group," but he also acknowledges the dangerous ground upon which the chapter is walking. "UWSA is a risk. We feel very disaffected with both parties, They don't deliver. United We Stand America is a fresh approach. Nothing about the Organization is perfect .. . but UWSA is about letting people make their own decisions." Harnsberger believes that "UWSA appeals to people right in the middle a radical middle." While he feels that the organization is combating a "political lethargy," he admits the U-M chapter itselfis still in a "transitional" stage. This is the first pOlitical organization in which Harnsberger and many of U-M's UWSA members have been involved. The group insists that a person need not be particularly politically minded or have political aspirations to get involved in United We Stand America. They just want students to show some interest. As Harnsberger enthusiastically stated, "I realized especially that decisions ofpolic)r making were directly affecting me. I wanted to get involved. I want to have a voice. I had to do something.nAnd 80 he did. UM UWSA has been the result.Ml

Maw

October 20, 1993

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

DMuSIC

It's ALL BY LoUIS NEE

ARLALVAREZ, BASSIST FOR tlle Missouri-based plUlk band LL , r ecentl y explained the minor line-up changes since the band was formed by drummer Bill Stevenson under the name Descendmlu,: "In 1978, Bill fonned tJle DescendmlUl with a guy n amed Frank on guita r and Ton y Lombardo on bass. Over the yem'S they tried a couple of singers and ended up with Milo. The band made the album Milo Goes to College, which most people think is a classic album. Then Bill did Black Flag for a few years, got out of Black Flag, and started up the Descendants again, with Ray replacing Frank" Around that time, the Descendants recorded I Don't Wauna Grow Up , but Tony Lombardo was unable to tour with the rest of the band. Alvarez explained, "So they got a guy named Duff (who is in For Love Not Lisa right now) After a tour or two he and Ray left, that's when Stephen and I joined. After three records or so, Milo went back to school to get a Ph.D. in biology. We got Dave (who is now with Down By Law) to sing and changed the name to ALL." After a grueling concert tour, Dave left and was replaced by Scott Reynolds, who stuck around for two or three records. A3 Alvarez noted, "He eventually took off to Seattle to pursue other

in the Line-up

musical things. Now we h a ve Chad Plice on vocals ." That makes four cj,ifferent vocalists , three bassists, and three guitarists. Bill Stevenson is the only original member. Anyway.. ALL's new album, Breaking Things , shows their mastery of many styles within the hard-core genre . From the melodic punk tune "Original Me" to the tlll'ashy "Politics," ALL consistently belts out catchy vocals on top of driving ; music. Since each of the band's members wrote songs for the album , their songs frequently flop from harmonyladen sing- a-Iongs like "Shreen," to quirky tunes like "Rosco ." Said Alvarez, "I like this album better than the other ones, 'cause ALL records can be a little uneven. A lot of it has to do with the fact that we experiALL is (L-R) Stephen Egerton, Bill Stevenson, Chad Price, and Karl Alvarez ment musically, even though the audi- , ence might not like it. That's fair mula, or a straight metal formula. ALL who think they know what is best for enough, you can't expect them to be has never offered any formulas or socioyou: ''The classic phenomena with the with you for every twist and turn. But political commentary type thing that political lyric involves a kid from a nice people could attach themselves to." if you're careful about it, you can lead upper middle-class home who forms a punk band and decides he is going to The song "Politics" displays ALL's the audience into places they wouldn't have gone otherwise." I dislike for the oh-so-trendy realm of I preach to the unenlightened masses. There aren't any goofball songs on excessively political rock and ron. t""l'here's a certain condescension there. Breaking Things, although the mem- i "There's this subtext to the rock thfug ! On the one hand, he is professing the bers of ALL have been known to display where music takes a backseat to politi- 'j nobility of the common man and the their more obnoxious sides on earlier cal correctness. A lot of bands use the common worker, but on the other hand albums. political thing to get people to like them. he is telling the common man and comIt's like preaching to the converted." mon worker how to think." Bad Reli"Fortunately, the audience isn't so Similarly, ALL has a distinct disformulaic today," Alvarez stated. "They gion, Rage Against the Machine and used to prefer a straight hard-core fortaste for musicians-turned-preachers Sonic Youth take heed. m

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No Additives, No Preservatives

New Kingdom Drops a Load Henry Rollins and Tom Waits - their elocution is of a more confrontational . EW YORK RAPPERS i and sometimes dissonant sort . . Sebastian and Nasoj, collecInspiration found in the music of tively known as New King- , Run-DMC, De . La Soul, and the' dom , have just released their debut Jungle Brothers led the two to begin eA1>erimenting together on their own record of hip-hop experiments aptly brand of hip-hop, and the baker's entitled Heavy Load. If the Soul Assassin groups (Cypress Hill, House of dozen of New Kingdom tunes on Pain, Whooligans) are exploiting the Heavy Load is a bit different from what you may be used to hearing. high register treble frequencies with their looped screeches , horns , and i "When Afrika Bambaataa ~a:me tinny drum beats, New Kingdom is out he passed the bal.l to the Jungle on the other end of the tone knob. The Brothers, then to Plince Paul, the tracks on Heavy Load are low-ended, Bomb Squad, then De La Soul," exthick, and groove-ridden. The bass plains Nasoj. "Certain groups were lines lay low and slither over hazy able to get the ball. Ultramags, Cysamples of organs and the like. press, Beasties got it. Somebody must When it comes to vocal style, have passed us the ball because when Nasoj and Sebastian do not graceall of these records came out there fully bounce words offbeats or flow was nobody like them at the time." smoothly over the tracks like most of After a few dates in Europe, New today's trendy MCs. Like underKingdom plan to do a college tour, but ground hip-hop icon Son of Bazerk, at the moment, Gee Street is pushing they usually growl forcefully, trudgthe singles "Good Times" and ing over, and often clashing head-on "Frontman." Both singles feature a with the accompaniment. In other remix from Del the Funkee words, New KingdoIll are hip-hop's Homosapien. )It

wan-ant their own identities . I would unhesitatingly put them alongside the ONTEMPORARY ROCK aforementioned immortals. must enjoy wallowing in its own Power, intensity, and diversity are ' cesspool of mediocrity, since over a few intangibles immediately perceived I the past few years the record industry ! with their new release Merge, which ha s been content to unload vast was released October 18. Some rock amount3 of garbage onto its listening aficionados may quip , "Ah, but I've public. Not oilen d~es a band possess heard this stereotype a billion times. " the required buoyancy to lise above Consequently, I would respond , "Yes, tlus nauseating commercial excrement. my zealous skeptic, but surely you Once in a great while , though, a haven't heard For Love Not Lisa" band comes along and just flat-out I dare not espouse any song as my proves me wrong One of those bands favorite, but I will submit a few tracks happens to be For Love Not Lisa. In less ,for your perusal. "Mother's Faith" and than a year, this quartet has managed "More Than A Girl" are re-recordings to compile a fair share of notoriety, and of tracks released on an old EP, but, as a load of bombastic aggression. with the rest of Merge , the tracks are The most inspired change is an made with lots of artsy spontaneity and intensification of their already growithout any trace of production lactesque roughness. FLNL exhibits the quer. typical sound of '90s, harkening to the Isn't spontaneity supposed to be '80s' post-punk scene, while actually the great ideal of rock & roll , which being able to play instruments with until most recently, has turned into a some amo\mt of coherence. FLNL can monotonous, closed groove? Apparently, be compared to bands like Fugazi and that's what you get with For Love Not ! Sonic Youth, but this is not to suggest Lisa - no additives , no preservatives, that they aren't virtuous enough to and always biodegradable. m

BY FRANK GRABOWSKI

BY CHRIS PETERS

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