vol_13_no_14

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Bentley Historical Ubrary 1150 Beal Avenue

M 48109-2113

Ann Arbor,

Students Organize Mass Prot,e st Against Code GREG PARKER

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TTAKES QUITE AN ISSUE TO unite the likes of the MichitJan Review, the Michigan Student Aseembly (MSA), the Students' Rights Committee (SRC). the National Women's Rights Organizing Coalition (NWROC), the Student Civil Liberties Watch (SCLW), the TEA Party, the Michigan Party, the Students' Party, the College Democrats, and independent students. The Statement of Student Rights and Responaibilities (SSRR), inBunously known as the Code, is just that issue.

The coalition, formally.k:Qown as St;OOents Against the Code (SAC), has one goal: to abolish the Code, The group will hold town meeting style planning and information sessions concerning the Code; the coalition's efforts for this tenD. will culminate in a la.rge-iIcale protest of the Code on Thursday, April 20. 'The group is recognized by MSA. and has received funding from MSA as well as the SCLW. The University ofMicbigan Board of Regents will meet on April 20 and

tation of the Code, but to simply tell the regents that the U-M community simply wants no part of the CUITent Code. But the re- , ... . gents are not the I ~ only target of the I protest; SAC is looking for the attention of the general adminis- ' tration as well.

While in the past, the U- M administration has demonstrate.d a ' penchant lack.o! .. concern for students, a group of thousands of protesting stfidente is ratb,er}uu-(ito Wnore· . Olp. &~e. tl. member otaAC, ·.

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jOinedthecoalitionto"do80mething about the Code, People talk about how tenible it is - it's time for real action." She continues, stating, "the regents need to see that the students care. At this point, they have no reason to listen to us - ifwe show them that we refuse to be treated like children and arbitrarily subjected to rules

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21. Perllaps the most important item on its agenda is the fate oftha Code as a temporary policy. By organizing a mass protest against the Code, SAC hopes to not only influence the regents to delay penD8nent implemen-

of their making, they will take us more seriously." She believes that the protest will provide students with bargaining power in the Code debate.

While student groups like the SCLW and others have long envi-

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3 Quietly Flows I4 From Suite One tbeDean If the Code becomes permanent, Duderstadt et aI. should take a permanent vacation .

Where have you gone, '0 poets of yore? Uterature sustains the quest for

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sioned a Code demonstration, this was finally manifest in the SAC. According to Remco von Eeuwijk, a SAC organizer, "the r reasoning for :~: putting this coa': . lition together 10 ' . probably developed more in response to the COEllition than as a deliberate at. .-. tempt. The idea . was first raised ~ during MSA .. meeting ..bout a morithago." The Students' Party and Michigan Party factions ofMSA expressed interest, and th~ SRC of

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BY BRIAN MARcus

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VER SINCE ITS INCEP- · tion,.the Student Statement ofRights and Responsibilities, also known as the Code, has been the target of many complaints concerning due process violations. Recently, the focus of these complaints has focused on Melanie Welch's Code hearing and subsequent appeal. As David Cahill, Welch's attorney, asserts, this case involves numerous questions about the fairness of not only the Code, but those that administer it as well.

The case against Melanie Welch alleges that she physically harassed a University housing resident and research. fellow, Yaakov Lavie, and his

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Attorney Cahill Speaks Agalnst Code

Come on everybody - we just have to face the facts: Men and women both suck.

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MSAjoined ship. SRC got SCLW involved, and to add to this myriad of acronyms, NWROC then entered the coalition. "But remember," says von Eeuwijk, "SAC is a coalition of students, not student groups ... The only objective we have is to get rid of the Code."

The diversity of the coalition is integral to the coalition's success.

Since the initial controversy over the Code a few years ago, while the students exercised a general diSdain for tbeCode; this opposition was largely disorgaiuzedand disunited. SAC solves this problem, drawing opposition to the Code from not only an areas of campus, but all areas of the

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wife. The specific incident implicates Welch of spraying Lavie and his wife with a water sprinkler after they would not move offher land. She was charged with assault and the case was brought to circuit court. 'l1le case, however, was dismissed. due to the fact that the main evidence in the case, reports documented by the UM's Department of Public Safety (DPS), was shown to be falsified and, thus, inadmissible. '!be resulting Code hearing, by contrast, declared these false reports to be admissible evidence, and Welch consequently was found guilty of harassment. Her penalty was a letter of reprimand and the case is now in the appeals process.

See CAHILL. page 10

8 Joseph Interview: I I 12Culture LIving Sobran The syndicated columnist discusses the rise of statism and his conversations with James Madison.

A feast for the eyes, ears, and mind: Welcome to Uving Culture .. .

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April 12, 1995

THE MICIDGAN REVIEW

o SERPENT'S TOOTH:~

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The Campus Affairs Journal of the University of Michigan "Hey hey, ho ho, the Code has got to go."

Senator Ted Kennedy, realizing that the Kennedy name does not have the power to attract women like it once did, has turned to Hollywood to increase his sex appeal. He will henceforth be called Senator Keanu.

President Clinton did not attend this year's NCAA Final Four, even though his hometown heroes, the Arkansas Razorbacks, were playing. ClinUm said that his p'e8eIlCe caused too much of a disturbance at the arena last year, and he did not want to ruin the event for the funs. Geez Bill, maybe if you hadn't drank 80 bloody much before the last game.

Hoping to cash in on the success of dumb guys in Hollywood, GOP presidential candidates will try to soften their image in a pair ofmovies due out this S\lIDlDel": Fo1'l"eflt Gramm and Dok and Dokr.

Alarmed by the plummeting US dolla ,., Federal TreaBUI'Y officials have DEAR SERPENTS TOOTH:

The MiclNBan Review has lost its 8Oul. Onlytbree to four years agQ, the Michisan Review was the proud defender of conservatism on this campus. The Review now attempts to seek

announced that instead of cash, Americans travelling abroad may be better off "bringing some really neat stuff to trade."

Fifty-four year old Nancy Sinatra will take it all off in next month's issue of Playboy. ¥Ikes. WeH, at least it's not Frank ...

Fat guy Chris Farley entertained congressmen on Capitol Hill last week with his Saturday Night Live impersonation of Speaker Newt Gingrich.

Afterwards, Gingrich said if more artists could come up with masterpieces like Tommy Boy, he just might consider supporting the NEA The Menendez brothers' retrial is set to begin on June 12. 'That should ~p the idiots following the O.J. trial out of our hair all summer. .l

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Baseball's baCkI Now we can all go" back to ignoring it.

To suggest that a Republican presidential candidate is a KKK member merely reinforces false stereotypes of conservatives that are rampant on this campus and I've tried to dispel.

Congratulations, you've just reinforced the liberals and attacked your possible allies. So continue to criticize Republicans and do your best to work for libertarians. That will work to ensure Democratic control of Congress renewed and a reelected Bill Clinton.

I don't know, maybe that's yourobje~ tive, but it certainly was not the objec· tive of those who founded the Review.

Mark Fletcher President U-M College Republicans

"differing perspectives" on issues 80 it feels that it is no longer "merely" a conservative journal of opinion. However, every time I read the Review I find a blatant bia~ towards libertarian viewpoints. I guess it should have been no smprise to see your last issue maliciously mock Pat Buchanan. I am not supporting Mr. Buchanan for president, but I felt compelled to defend him given the atrocious attack you made. To suggest that Pat Buchanan wants to murder anyone REVIEW RESPONDS: who does not think like him is repulsive to even suggest. To go further While it is not customary for the and label him a8 a KKK member Review to respond to letters, Fletcher's makes me wonder where your commissive is so riddled with logical ermon sense is. Having met Bay rors and unfounded assertions that Buchanan and disCU88ed issues with we find it necessary to reply. her, I can assure you that Mr. Fletcher begins with the meloBuchanan is in no way a racist. His dramatic statement that the "Review comments have frequently been mishas lost its soul." This apparent construed and warped by liberals. malady, according to Fletcher, is due Having discussed this issue with to the fact that the Review presents a "blatant bias towards libertarian former writers for the Review, I think we all agreed that the Review has viewpoints." The very mission of the seriously lost its focus the past couple Review, however, is to present "classiof yean. Makingjokes about people is cal liberal and libertarian opinions."

Indeed, this is stated for readers on fine; I think too many people take themselve8 far too seriously. Howpage two of every issue. How Fletcher ever, humor is most ccmica1. (and damcould be confused is a mystery. agingUrbeD.ltnaslbbie'l3aids'ih'thi1H ' " , , "FUttheron,'FIetdiet stateS,''':.: to

TOP TEN REASONS WHY THE CODE8UCKS: 10. Happens to overlook a little thing called the US justice system.

9. Comes in a hard to digest, chalky, pink liquid form.

S. Fidel Castro on the Code: "A little harsh and repressive, don't you think?"

7. Dammit, if you want to eat cheese crackers all day, you're going to eat cheese crackers all day.

6. Establishes University as En Loco Parentis, which means you have to breast feed from Duderstadt.

5. Assigns one DPS officer to every UM student, and calls assigned officer the "My Buddy" doll.

4. Begins with the words, "Once upon a time, University students had free-

Gom." 3. Amendment Seventeen: "We reserve the right to shoot first, and ask questions later."

2. Mary Lou Antieau likes to be called "Stalin."

1. W~ ~dyhave a Constj~~~ suggest that a Republican presidential candidate is a KKK member merelynilllio~sf&seste~types~

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Jamea A. Roberta,II PUBLISHER: Eric larIon IlANAQlNQ EDITOR: Greg Plrker FEAlURES EDITOR: DeIn Bakopoulol ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER: Brian Marcus ASSISTANT EDITORS:,Gene Kra., Mohan Krlahnan COPY EDITORS: Benjamin Kepple, MID Wang, Anthony Wen COMPUTER CONSULTANT: Mark West MUSIC EDITOR: Drew Patera ALM CRIl1C: Ryan Polly

IUUSTRA TOR: Brian O'Keefe LITERARY CRITIC: BRI Ahren.

STAFF: Chrll Barrett, Geoff Brown, Jeff Gordon, Rodeen Rahbar, Meghan RoekIe, Ken Sleroma, Joth Turner, Uu Wagner EDITOR-A T~RGE: Nate Jamlaon EDITOR EMERfTA: Tracy RobInaon PUBLISHER EMERITUS: A.on SteeImM The Afch/gvI RerItJw is 11\ ildependent, bi-weekly studenHun jOOOlil ~ classical liberal and libeftarian opi1Ion aI the University ~ ~ We neilher solicit nor ~ rronetary donations from the Unlversly of MIchIgan, and have no respect lor anyone that does. ContrbJtions to the Afch/gvI Review are tax-<leductable under SectIon 501 (e)(3) ~ the InIemal Reveooe Code. We have no respect for the IRS or any other governmental agency, nor any adninistralion which perpecually disrespects students' ~ f it lin, cIe., We ·HATE the Codei We . . Redd Foxx though; he's 11II1"r1. The ReVIew Is not alfilaled wah 'any pollical party or UilNersky poIiIlcallJoop.

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Unsigned e<IIorIaIs rep4"esent the opiniorI ~ the ed_orlal board. Ergo, they are uneqlMYocabIy cooect and just. Yoo needn, attempt to disprOie the logic that went into their formallon, for you c:annoc Sigled articles and eartoons represent the opinions ~ \he author and na necessarity those ~ the Review. The opinions presented in this pubIicalion are na necessarit; those ~ the advertisers or ~ the Unlversky ~ MIchigan. We welcome lellers and articles and encourage comments ~ the journaL

conservatives on this campus." To stimulate Fletcher's memory, it wasn't so long ago that the Republican Party did have a KKK member, David Duke, as a presidential candidate. 'This demonstrates that there is much support for racist ideals within the less tolerPlease address aI ~ion klquiies to: Publisher, clo ant ranks ofthe GOP. And it is this the Mchigan Review. All advertising InquirieS should be point that we were attempting to demdirected to: Publisher clo u,e Mchigan Review. onstrate with our criticism of EdIIorlel And BUIlneee omc:..: Buchanan. His views, while one can Sub OM argue whether or not they are racist, 111 N. Unlveralty Avenue AM Albor, all 481ot-1265 are clearly nativist in nature, as witnessed by his reactionary rejection of EMAIL: MREV@umlch.edu free trade and open immigration.

Tel (313) 662-1808 Finally, Fletcher states that the Fax (3131 136-2505 promotion of libertarianism "was not ~o 1115, '" The IoIchIgIIIlWMw, Inc. the objective of those who founded the M~--' Review." Those who founded the Review, however, were rather enthusiastic libertarians, who advanced the classical liberal principles of individual freedom, tolerance, and peace.

Fletcher's assertion is inaccurate.

Mark Fletcher's letter, while an attempt to clear the "good name" of Pat Buchanan and, we assume, the Republican Parly at large, is instead an l.Ulfortunate testament to the state of modem conservatism and its main vehicle for expression, the GOP. If The Michigan Review conservatism is ever to revive itself, Suite One and we sincerely hope it does, then it must reject the type of reasoning that 911 North University Avenue Fletcher has employed in his letter.

Ann A.rbor, MI48109 • I 1 ., , _ • • . • • ....... _ , Michigtirl R.vteriJiEdit6rial B&U'd .

LOVE US? HATE US?

Write The Review!

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THE MICIDGAN REVIEW

Apru 12, 1995

o QUIETLY FLows THE DEAN

The Van~~hing Poets

By DEAN BAKOPOULOS

A

LMOST ALWAYS, 'fODAYS

commercial world of literature consists of formulaic le-

gal thrillers, semi- pornographic housewive fantasies, and mystical self-help books. Thus it is evident why the world of literature is taking a backseat in the American bus of social importance. Long gone are days when readers of various periodicals would anticipate the next installment in a work like Anna Karenina or A Tale Of Two Cinu; today's readers anticipate Robert James Waller'slatest spittle in the next issue ofWomen'8 Day, or the latest movie script (a.k..a. a John Grisham novel).

But in days past, in almost all cultures, literature was able to rouse the conciousness of entire countries, inciting the readers to revolt against injustice, to fight for individual freedoms, and to relate to their fellow men with tolerance and understanding. In short, writers were once much like what Socrates termed as "gadflies sent from the gods," individuals who stirred our conciousness with beautiful and stadt language,haunt- . ing and emotional images, and dire and melancholic warnings.

Perhaps the best description of the role of literature are the words of the Russian great, Anton Chekhov, who describes what he feels is his mission as a writer. In his work "Gooseberries," Chekhov alludes to the role of the writer in a manner very consistent with the image of the incessant gadfly. "~hind the door of every happy man," Chekhov writes, "there ought to be someone standing with a little h.a.Jnmer and continually reminding him with a knock that there are unhappy people, that however happy he may be, life will sooner or late show him its claws and trouble will come to him, illness, poverty, losses, and then no one will see or hear him, just as now he neither sees nor hears others."

Indeed, Chekhov was that man with a hammer, writing powerful and bleak stories of the wretched lives of the common peasants. His summation of the writer's duty is perhaps what is essentially the core of the writer's importance; the writer takes us outside ourselves and our situations, 80 that we may view others who lack the freedoms and pleasures we possess. By allowing US to see other situations, to explore different outlooks, and to experience the pain and iDJustioe that others mce, the world of literature provides a crucial way towarda the classical liberal ideals of

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tolerance, individualism, and understanding.

In today's literary, the writer's role has diminished to one of a mere entertainer. The most su<l:essful writers are those who humor us, who frighten us, and who arouse our carnallusts. The popular writers that come closest to probing "intellectual or philosophical" matters are usually loud-mouthed talk show hosts or weepy New Age gurus. The true writers of the day, those that still examine social injustices and the sorrows of existence and those who still probe the deepset emotions of human nature, are relegated to university communities and literary circles. For the most part, with notable exceptions like Ethan Canin, John Updike, and Joyce Carol Oates, writers who grapple with the perplexities and hardships that plague humanity have little popular au<l:eSS. The fact is that what people are reading reflects much of what people are.-thinking. Based on this logic, one c8n conclude that the • American people .are not thinking about much of anything.

Why this trend in modern~ay American society, when the ~dera . of such "lesser-advanced." societies nineteenth century Russia tackled weighty issues head on? Perhaps it is because in our society much of our thinking is done for us. If there is a social injustice called to our attention, we tum to partisan politics. We listen to what Rush Limbaugh or Bill Moyers have to say about the matter, and our viewpoint is formulated for us. When weighty problems of human passions, relationships, or shortcomings come to our attention, they are usually in the context of a televison sitcom, and are resolved within thirty minutes. We see and understand the problems of our fellow humans through the eyes of people like Oprah Winfrey and Jenny Jones, who usually have a perfect remedy to what ails our hearts and plagues our souls.

And with the issues of God, we tum to the hieraa-clly of religious "coalitions"; we dare not grapple with such issues on our own. Perhaps what is most important and most indicative of the declining role of literature in our society is the fact that when Chekhov's "little man with a hammer" begins to knock on our conciousnesses, we instinctively strive to block him out. To author Carlos Fuentes, writing is a "struggle against silence." As Americans become less and less interested in understanding the deepest and heaviest issues of humanity, this struggle will grow more and more futile for the aspiring au~ol"8 'Uld

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n aOIitude toII8 the poet.

National Endowment for the Arts ftmd will fix the declining American mentality. In short, writers have always spurred us to challenge, to strive, to

understand, and to search, and they still continue to do 80 today. But fewer and fewer people are reading these writers. Shakespeare's plunges into human character, Dostoyevsky's struggles to understand his God, and Faulkner's efforts to discover the nature of humans would probably go by unappreciated in today's world.

Unless perhaps they were exposed in a Hollywood movie, expounded upon by a popular pundit, or molded into a sexual and accesible story line.

The role of the writer and his work cannot be underestimated. One cannot overlook the revolutions, the enlightenments, and the social changes that the paaaionate spark of literature ignited. Essayist Roland Barthes once said, "Literature is the question minus the answer." Our world, though it grows increasingly comfortable, also grows increasingly complex. .The questions that will arise in the next decades will be brought to ligb,t by the next generation ofwritera; and it will be up to the next generation of readers to find the ~wers. Mt

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This fall of the writer's status, this declining value we place on literature has no tangible remedy; no

THE MICHIGAN REvIEW

4

April 12, 1995

o FROM SUITE ONE The Code Must Ga~' "'

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N FRIDAY, APRIL 21, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICInGAN BOARD ofR.egen.te may make the reprehensible Statement of Students Rights and Responsibilities, widely known as the Code, a permanent policy.

Supported by such administrators as University President James Duderstadt, Vice Pre8ident of Student Affain Maureen Hartford, and Judicial Advisor Mary Lou Antieau, the Code, currently an intenn policy, tramples on the rights, liberties, and privacy of U-M students. Perhaps this is why student protest against the Code is growing steadily greater, and that students are looking upon the admjnistmtion with lessening respect. Student sentiment over the Code .. remarkably necatlve; therefore, if the administration passes the Code next Friday, the Review calla for students to demand the immediate reetcn-tiOD8 of Duderstadt, Hartford, and any regent who vote. in IRIppori of the Code.

Why such a bold and harsh demand? Because never before have such a ,tA~ RJTUF拢, P\mS?.., W\ft 'to tM'It. BK.K \OI\~ W\T\4 '(00 ", JUSi diverae and vast 8lT8.y of atwients stood united tD show such a strong disapproval UN1\L 1 Gg flY STU~l UWt ~O ()\:~! .. ,II of any Uniwnity action or policy. In recent months across campus, from the oftioea of the Michigan Du.ily to the offices of the Review, from the Michigan Student Alaembly (MBA) headquarters tD the meetings of the Student Civil Libertiee Watch (SCLW), and. from campus computing sites to the gatherings ofthe National Women'. Bights Organization Coalition (NWROC), the shouts ofproteat and the words ofresistance have echoed with resonance in an uproar againat the Code. If the University edmjnistration and the Board of Regents ignore IUCh etrong etudent opinion, they have no place at the University, for with the JI8II8&8 ofthe Code, the administration will have shown a blatant and deplorable lack ofrespect for U-M students and their tights.

'Ihe many flaws of the Code are innumerable. 'ftte Review extensively bas cbronicled and expoeed the Code's dangers throughout the last few years. But u a brief' crreniew. the moet obvious and gtaring tlaws'ofthe Code are am()Di the~~ , 1. A lack of lltudent input in the Code's formulation. While the HE STATE OF MICInGAN HAS ISOLATED ITSELF AS ONE OF Univarslty did hold town meetings and supposedly sought student input in the the few states to not comply with the Motor Voter law, a federal Code', fonuulatlon, it ill ,clear that any student input fell onto deaf ears. 'ftte mandate requiring states to offer voter registration at a variety of Code ill oppoaed bya huge portion oftile etudenta; indeed, a 1992 MBA ballot locations in addition tD those at which it traditionally has been offered. 'ftte que8tian found that 92 percent of student voters opposed. the implementation most prominent of these is, of course, at the Department of Motor Vehicles oftbe Code. Yet this is the type of student input that the University has chosen (DMV), hence the name MotDr Voter. 'Ihis bill, which has long had support from to ignore over the put two years. celebrities and pop icons such as M'lV, is geared toward increasing the number J. The ieaon In buffoonery known as the amendment process. The of people who register to vote, especially those from lower income levels.

University's amendment process is an exercise in idiocity. Not only did it take Michigan objects tD this law on the basis that its mandates are not funded months and months tD actually hold an amendment hearing, the bureaucracy by the federal government; the federal government is taking the credit while that one ~ters in trying to propose an amendemnt is staggering. Student the states must bear the financial burden. Furthermore, Michigan already input on Code amendments is weak at best. offers voter registration at the DMV, and has for almost ten years.

3. The interm period of the Code has been less than successful. '!he 'fttis issue confronts the very concept of unfunded federal mandates. As Code has brought many Btudents to trial during its time as an interm policy. popular media bring Congress and the White House into the family room, politicians increasingly are offering legislation geared towards attracting the Most of theM case. proceeded with a suspicious amount of vagueness, incompetence, and aecrecy. Many students tried under the Code have come attention and quick. favor of their constituents, rather than adequately tackling issues. Unfunded mandates are popular parts of this strategy. Often these away with reactiona ofresentment and helplessness. There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the Code, and this policy has yet to prove that it is mandates are coupled with little enforcement or specific requirement, ,so that, necessary to or capable ofmaintaining order at the University. while on the surface they seem to be glorious solutions to societal ills, they 4. En Loco PanmIir. In the place of parents. Plain and simple, students ' simply force the states tD deal with the issue, but in compliance with the beliefs at the University Of Michigan have reached the maturity of adulthood. '!he of the federal government.

Univendty's patemalistic dictatorship not only conflicts with the principles of If the federal government does not believe in problems strongly enough tD a higher education, it is unnecessary and quite possibly in violation of the appropriate ftmds for coITecting them, it should allow states tD make their own Constitution of the United States. decisions. The states do not need federal politicians adding tD their financial 5. Innumerable violatlou of civil liberties, individual freedoms, burden, and they certainly do not need half-hearted reforms mandated. and coutitutional prlnelples. The Code has the ability to pry into one's , While it is wrong for the federal government tD not ftmd Michigan and the nOlHlcac1emic and off-aunpus activities, restrict one's freedoms of speech and other states to implement MotDr Voter, the majority of states are nevertheless action, and USUlp the civil court system as well as the right to due process. For in compliance, while Michigan is not. Some are charging that this is harming insta.Doe, the Code can deny one the right tD petition an attorney tD speak. on minorities and urban low-income groupe. 'Ibis mayor may not be statistically one's behalf during a hearing, while it may call one to trial for a charge true, but it is true that these groups can more easily register in other states; the djam i 8Md in a local or state court. 'ftte Code is no less than a transgression potential exists for certain groups in Michigan tD be unevenly represented. against the civil liberties of students.

For this reason, an issue like voter registration must remain uniform It would seem logical that the University President, the Vice-President for aceross the states. 'Ibis is why the law was created by the federal government in the first place. When voters are given more incentive tD register in one state Student Affairs, and. the Board ofRegent.s would notice the hugely negative outcry that resonates across the campus. The students have spoken; the than in another, the concept of "one man, one vote" is endangered. 'Ibis means that any major change in the voting process must be made federally, and must question is will the admjnistration listen. If it does not, and the Code is not affect all people equally, regardless of what state they reside. 'Ibis leaves only abolished, the University of Michigan students will have no choice but tD one option: the federal government, having passed a MotDr Voter bill, must now demand the resignation oftheadminist1'ators that are supposed to safeguard th~ ~ i.D.~t:If of the. atudents. )R , ~dbe~~a:n4f~t!thi":hilJ..

-Mohqn路~na.n

, 0 COMMENTARY

Congress Must Foot the Bill for Motor Voter

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Apn.l12,1995

THE MIcmGAN REVIEW

5

o THE ELECTRIC SNAPPLE ACID TEST Men Suck, But Women Do Too

BY GREG

PARKER

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ETS NOT KID OURSELVES. We're all tenible. 1t'8 not just men that lUck. - women suck too. Each sex aharea the blame for its role in 80cietal diac:ourBe, Men are labeled "oppres.ora" becauee many men do, in fact, oppreas on a regular baaie. And women·are labeled "weak'" because many do, often, aasume a submiAive role in gender relations. rm not sure the reason behind tbeae roles - maybe it's just manifestation of traditional gender role8. But I am certain that each genders actions :perpetuate their respective roles.

Gender relations on this campus speak volumes on gender relations in our society as a whole. U-M is not exactly the greatest crose--eection of our population, but consider the fact that we're supposed to be a rather '"liberal" inatitution of higher learning. (I'm not t;aIking about "liberal" as in -uberal and conservative," you ideologues.) We're supposed to be tolerant, open to new ideas, and most ofall, liberated.. So if the U-M is one of the more "liberal," tolerant communities in our society, the poor state of gender relations here can only understate those of society.

To clear up another one of my lofty generalizations, not everyone here at the U-M takes part in this disastrous gender dichotomy. There are many. many individuals and organizations that are responsible for largely equal trea~ent of the sexes.

However, though I risk being clich6, if gender discrimination happens once, it is once too many. It happens more than "0DJ:I!j" at this University, though, and while this underestimates gender bias in society, this campus is nevertheless a valuable tool in studying sexual discrimination.

You need only walk to the Diag to realize every sexual stereotypification in existence. Cliques ofiubber necked men saunter around the square, staring at the women in skimpy outfits, saying to their buddies, "Look at that piece ofass," or, "Damn, ahe'slookin' mighteeeeey fine," in a rather conspicuous manner. Women do the same, and stare googly-eyed at the nearest "hunk" with his shirt off, revealing a golden-brown tan. I don't belittle individuals for wanting to look attractive or sexy, but they shouldn't complain when they are objectified by the opposite sex. What do you expect? If some guy clad in a only a Speedo

then

GrqJ Parur apologizu on beh4lf of men aJe1'YWhe1'e for their behavior on thiI~ ., ,\ i>

stands on the "M," or if some woman strolls onto the Diag wrapped only in a towel, sure, each will draw significant attention. It's safe to say that sexual objectification will never cease; the stereotypes that follow this objectification, however, should.

It's given that finding an individual attractive is one thing, but calling himlher a "piece of ass" or a "hottie" is another. It's pure and compete objectification. Why can't people view humans as "humans," and not lowly "objects"? Is that too much too ask? Yeah, all of you have heard it befure, but there is a little trait that humans exhibit that separates them from other humans. It's called a personality.

Give it a shot. I'll be the first to say that you have to be attracted to a I mate visually, but a little personality goes a long way. Call me a bleeding heart, but a person uWany gets more attractive on the outside if the person is more attractive on the inside.

Let's move on to frat parties. Yes, participation in these parties is strictly on a volunteer basis, but the participants certainly not doing anything to help the state of gender relations in society. There are two basic goals at a frat party: 1) beer and 2) sex - not necessarily in that order.

But men, whenever someone reminds you of how women are objectified and "hit on" and sexually harassed, think of a frat party. Here, every nearly all men hit on "chicks" in the worst possible ways - ie., nonconsentual groping, cheezy pick-up lines, etc. And here, dumb women absorb these pick up lines like sponges. Let's face it: if you want an easy "hook-up," then go to a frat party. Again, I don't belittle those who want a cheap, easy hookup, but these people are merely carrying on traditional, unliberated gender expectations. Men hit on women, and women go home with the men.

Aside from an either drug or alcoholdistorted view of a supposedly attractive "partner' won't even go into my personal abhoneDOe of the tenn "beer goggles"), there is no intellectual, personal interaction between the two "partners."

Men go to frat parties because they know they can "get some" (either beer or sex); the sad part is that women go to frat parties fully aware of this.

But men are not the sole source of this "get some" mentality. Women at the parties hit on men as well.

Part of the gender conflict at frat parties might have to do with different expectations. Most men go to frat partiEurfOl"a qtiiok'hook.'Up;wbmEllri;

viduals who practice gender bias, take part in society-at-Iarge. It is they who make rude comments about "asses" and "tits" and other private parts. It is they who try to assert dominance over women. Put simply, these people perpetuate sex--epecific gender roles in today's society.

So maybe it's not so much gender bias on this campus than it is a predominant attitude that the other sex sucks. Ask a few random people about dating here at U-M. More than likely, you'll find a bunch of people that will say either 1) dating here sucks, 2) "chicks" or "dudes" here suck, or 3) hel she haa a girlfriend at another institution. Maybe if people had a little respect - even faith - in the opposite sex, then maybe we could get . . .

VI s. ;Qt4W&"ibIIIint~1i"W' along a little better. Also, it might be This,Is gender st.eotypiftcation, folks. a tad easier if people walked around trashy; leaving at 6:00 AM after a advertising their expectations - little night of so-called eCstasy is not ex- . signa to wear at paiti~ that say ei.. actly something out of Miss Manners· .ther "long tenn" or "quick. screw." I'm. positive this would ease gender ten~ repitoire. sions on this campus. But the moral of If frat parties and the like were this story is that we're all humans isolated incidents, then there wouldn't here. Maybe it would help if we'd be a problem. But participants in those pseudo-orgies, as ",ell ad other inditreat each other as such.Mt on the other hand, tell me that most women go to the parties initially looking for a quick. "score," but then change their minds and want a long term relationship. They wonder why Johnny Varsity suddenly walked out of the room in a hung-over stupor at 6:00 AM, never to call again. Of course, the guys in this situation are just as

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6

THE MICmGAN REVIEW

o EsSAY

April 12, 1995

Neither Party Helps Students

BY BI:N.1AMlN KEPPLE

I

WAS ONE OF THE FEW (only?) people on campus to feel an unholy glee in hearing the results of the electiona last November. The Republican Party came sweeping back, 1a-dee-da. Exactly why? Now that ia a good subject for debate. A 18w ofmy prUi:&orB seemed to think 10, because many of them seemed angry or really tired the day after the revolution occurred..

As one of about 26 moderate to c.onaervative Republicans on campus, of oourae I was happy about the election results. (Wait, don't stop reading. :rm not done yet. Furthermore, you can aend. me angry lettera care of the Review if you wiah.) People were elected into office that support and hold views airnilar to my own. and I think that makes people happy when this happens to them. I tried not to talk about it with my more compassionate liberal friends who don't have stone hearts; in other words, I didn't act like a banner waving. card carrying Con. RepublicaD being .a fool about it by putting up asinine, alienating posters because, My God, we fin4Ily got «me people in that we liM! People I know Probably will accuse me of lying.

But now the Congreaa, controlled by the Grand Old Party (*ad'" is rather a defining word for the most part), is sharpening the blades and preparing to C8l"Ye into the budget like GeImany carving up Europe back in the Thirties. '!he Repl1bH cana have their eyes set on the federal student 'aid programs that 80 many of us use. This is not to say that I think the Democrats have done any good either. because they aren't stopping the Republicans when for once I think they should.

'Ibe Democrats aren't throwing all of their resources behind this battle.

They are more co~ed about saving that money...draining pit they call "welfare," which needs a major overhaul soon anyway_ When you think about it, has the Democratic Party helped. us, the students of America, by taking a fierce stance against student loan cuta?

No they haven't. They have gotten the students angry. yes; but most students do care deeply about this issue and this anger over a cut is natural. Remember, it's OK to cut any governmental program to tight

Be7\iamin JUpple i4 a fruhman in LSA If, after readi.ng tim. you thin1c M neecU to lootcn up cuad have a few d.rinJe8 or go IIRQ\e 1IC1II'U!thing. you. ~ not· ~.

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the deficit as long as it isn't yours. the Republican.s in power don't care if But why are the Republicans so you, me, and every other disaffected eager to kill funding for the students student protest Proposition 187, the and why are the Democrats not put"Contract," the "Contract" and Reting all of their effort into saving that publicans, red meat, Newt, the lanfunding? Here's my two cents. guage requirement. the Evil UnconPeople elected .,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , into office usually know who their constituents are and, more importantly, who in their district voted for them. This information is run through a massive bureaucracy of pollsters who then break. it down by blocs and issues. IT the majority of voters or that special bloc of voters that got them into office is concerned Mr. Politician: Friend of students? about things such as defense spending, stitutional SSRR Code of Certain Social Securl!5< Medicare, the Se¥tor RobertByrd West VIrginia TurnDoom. or anything else on the Diag that might be important to you, be~ pike, or what hdve you, then the policause you. as il student have 'been tidans·wm make sure that theSe aren't touched by the budget cuts. When written off as a Democratic vote by 1996 and 2000 roll aroup.d, guess who pragmatic GOP pollsters. And you have been written off for a long time. is going to take credit for saving these It's like the bumper sticker: "Go ahead programs? Right, the people in office. and honk ... my hearing aid's turned And since term limits is now a dead issue, these same people will be elected OFF'" again and again for serving those wily The DeID.Oa'ats, an the other hand, aren't helping us. They aren't cutting special interests. The Republicans control Congress now, but who voted our fimding, 80 they say. But are they for the Republican Party? doing enough to stop the proposed I don't know anyone who voted cuts? In my mind, this is a rather Republican. In fact, all my friends important series of programs we have voted straight Democratic. IT you are going here, and for once the left, ina student, I am almost sure that most stead of doing far too much, isn't doing enough. The Republicans want or all of your friends voted straight Democratic. But I think you are startthe aid programs to somehow help balance the budget even though these ing to see my point. I am willing to bet programs will eventually increase that only about five percent of sturevenues. (Sacrificing capital today dents anywhere voted for the Repubfor more capital tomorrow, investing lican Party. Thanks to the U-M Colin educational input leads to more lege Republicans, that number may output. 'This is simple economics.) The be significantly lower here, but I Democrats are not stopping the GOP wouldn't know about such things. (If from cutting these student loan proyou give the CRa $10, you can get on grams. their e-mail list and thejU never taJte The Democrats aren't stopping you off') the GOP because they have many Why shouldn't the Republicans in Congress ax our funding? They other battles to win that they find more important than those of college won, and we lost, and now we are students. They would much rather paying the price for being an the wrong focus on welfare and aS80rted social side when all the votes were tabuand governmental programs because lated. The Republicans are axing our they know that if they do not give full funding because we did not vote for support to these programs they will them and never have. Maybe if we lose votes. For the people who benefit had more of an infiuence an them as a from and/or support these programs voting bloc, which requires more than vote heavily Democratic (such as the a tenth of a percent of us voting ReKennedy family), and if these propublican, they would spare us and go grams fiill the Democrats will feel it. cut somebody else's fimding. Because . that's OKtYoU$E!e;the thing i4 that But how did students v*?'They voted S;::::;;U:;:;;:O.

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Democratic. They may do so until the end of time. The Democratic politicians know this as well, which is why they exert a minimum. amount of help toward us, just enough to look like they give a damn about something, getting our votes for a minimum amount of work. on their part. Most people call this "being taken for granted," something the Democrats have done with us as a voting group since the 19608.

Yes, even our president milked the student vote. You remember when Clinton got up an MTV with the randomly handpicked flanneled robots to ask. him about "important issues and stutr," and that one girl asked the next president ofthe United Stata whether he wore boxers or briefs? And he answ~red with a straight face like he was addressing Congress on national security? And at home you were twning red with rage, screaming incoherently, throwing small items at the television because someone was so stupid to ask such an asinine question? No? Huh. That's what I did. I had my question·about cUrrency de- . valuation all ready. Did they pick. me?

No. But it appeared to me that Clinton got a lot of votes out of that program. and others like it. One? A million?

Who knows? Rock the vote, Beavis.

The Democrats took advantage of us en masse. And are they going to help us now? Not bloody likely. Now where's that promise Clinton threw out about "free education for everyone who wanted it?'" What?! Clinton's gone away? It's been scrapped?1 Oh, rot. Now what?

In reality, the Republican Party is antagonistic toward students overall. The Democratic Party is not against us, but it is more than willing to milk us for votes and take us for granted. You noticed tltat before election day the politicians were all over campus, but where are they now?

They are back in Lansing and Washington handing out bonuses to staffers or abusing their franking privileges. I wish that I was surprised.

The shield from this misguided and stupid Republican budget cut is the Democratic Party(!), but it is fighting other battles it finds more important.As it is the minority party, it will eventually lose these battles, and by then it will be too late to save us. So we have to wait for some word on what the Republicans are going to do to us, for it wan't be long now. We may soon get a harsh economics lesson courtesy of the Republican Congress as we find our fimding melting away like ice in springtime. The question , is, ,weever,getthat aid,back? ·m

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April 12, 1995

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7

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o EsSAY

The Great (F,unding) Debate

BY MOHAN KRISHNAN

D

future, in all aspects of life. Cars that ernment go about taking control of The result of all of this was a stem message to the University from the burn less fuel, less middle-managestate universities? New regents would state of Michigan: 'We still care about ment in corporations, and governmenhave to be selected for federally-run schools, and there is neital spending cutbacks are all in vogue ther precedent nor obviand will likely continue to be BO. Unious method for doing this, versities are some of the slowest to as people of the individual change and are, by the same token, states traditionally have the most inefficient organizations. chosen the regents.

Whether or not the U-M wins its .fight Furthermore, federal with the state, popular opinion is diccontrol of the schools tating that it eventually cut back. its would be even more pobudget. liticized than state conThe U-M must get used to a trol. Every four or eight smaller budget. It must find ways to years, when one party resolve its problems, other than the linquishes political conobvious choice of simply raising tutrol to the other, radical ition. Even though the U-M is given managerial reorganizasub-inflationary budget increases, it cannot continue to dole out supertion would be enacted in Just Dude It? Naw .•• How about lJ-M Air? the federal government, infla tionary tuition hikes. as the new "leaders" rush to thank you, but you're not getting a raise in Without a doubt, the eventual their supporters. Shear chaos would your allowance until you've earned outcome of this process will be a U-M be caused if the deans, administrait." The U-M in fact was denied the capable of living on a more limited tors, and even profeseors were chosen three percent increase in funds allowance. Howe~er, the only way it for party affiliation instead of compe- . granted to all other state universican retain its prestige and effectiveten~ . ~. . ties. I think this is a harbinger of ness in the process is to find BOIIie way Of course, there is the easy opfuture governmental attitudes toward to lower the ~llllt ofmoney it needs tion, which is to merely trim and clip universities in general. from the state, but to do so in such a and tune the CUITeIlt system, and this "Lean," "trim," "downsized," and way that does not hurt the students excessively. Ml is precisely' what waadoneby the "eflicieRt". are the catchwords of the government, because the previous two' options are not really reasonable. So, hearings are being held and old people in older suits are playing games with your future and mine as well.

The foremost is the percentage of students at the U- M that are permanent residents of Michigan. The University, as everyone is aware, has a percentage that the state finds unac~ptable. Based on this, the state is going to deny a funding increase to the University that it grants to other public schools in Michigan.

The University has a number of defenses. First, it says that it is unwilling to put quotas on students.

The administrators then get a little teary-eYOO and start blabbering about some vision of the University that they have, some sort of transcendental focus.

Second, it defends that the trend is oscillatory; that is, that the U-M's in-state enrollment goes back. and Access our home page contains past issues forth between being less than and more than the 30 percent that the of the Review, the Serpent's Tooth, featured arstate requires. This, in my opinion, is ticles, and staff photos. the most invalid claim of all. If you tell a poli~man that, although. you were going 75 mph when he stopped you, you were merely oscillating about 65 mph, he is going to ticket you, whether or not you were doing 55 earlier. A cap is just that; not a guideline for the average amount of in-staters but a maximum - all other public schools http://www.engin.umich.edu/..... mrwest/mrev i ' '. .; ' .. .... . " ' ."

-" "" .in Michigan have managed.to m~et

AY AFTER DAY, AS THE Daily chronicles the death of the student due to suffocation by the strangling hands of "downsizing," we hear about budget cutbacks, the elimination of student loans, over-enroUment ofout-of-state students, racism and diacrimination at the U-M, and uneven distribution of funds among the colleges. Even tax evasion is an issue now.

The fundamental question that everyone is sidestepping is, "What kind of college system do we want?"

Some have long maintained that public schools are not necessary, and BOme of them. have even pushed the U-M to privatize itself away from state control. However, one must wonder if privatization would help or hurt universities.

For instance, eay the U-M became a private university. The regents would be removed or replaced by internally;>idted trustees, and administrators would essentially have free-reign to enact anything their whims dictate. 'Ihia means that there would be no one to protect students from the Code, which could be made much more strict if this were a private university. There would be no more free usage of the Diag, and before you know it, everyone would be forced to wear khaki shorts, blue dress socks, a plain blue tie, and a U-M blazer, which would undoubtedly be changed to the Nike "Sw09Bh. " Speaking of Nike, it is not at all clear that increaeed corporate support - a staple of the future, if an institute like the U-M were private - is free of serious problems. Nike might want a dean of athletic clothing, as this corporation is such a big part of the athletic programs. Apple might want to chooee the I'ID staff, as it provides most of the computers anyway. Even ifthese examples are a bit extreme, increased corporate sponsorship of the University would undoubtedly lead to increased corporate control over the University.

At the other extreme, some suggest the need for more governmental control over univenities. Perhaps, they say, we need a federal system, whereby taxpayen' funding is distributed to all public schools, and any citizen can receive a subsidized education at any public school It is much neater and mare widely a~pted to present pretty emblems and pie graphs indicating future trends than it is to actually enact sometb.iJlg of this magnitude. 'Ihink about-i(,How wouldtbe fedeiral gti)v- . . :.thi~,de!n.aaa1; :.J. < ~ ' ';' '

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The Michigan Review is now on the World Wide Web! which

To access the Michigan Review home page, use Xmosaic or Netscape and open: ~

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April 12, 1995

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

8

o INTERVIEW: JOSEPH SOBRAN

Writing in the "Pefenseof Liberty

O

N MARCH 28, JAMES A. Roberts, 11 of the Review inuroiewed Joseph Sobran. A native of Ypsilanti, Sobran is a sydicated columnut and frequent 8pea1er. He also write. a newsletter entitled Sobran's.

MR: l1hink that It is f8lr to say that your coIt.mnI hive gotIIn much more libertarian and anti-etltiat over the past year or 80.

What his ca..t ttiI change In yow views?

SOBRA.N: I guess it was that I felt more acutely, almost week by week, how important it i.e to seek the rationale of the state and hold it to that.

You can't just let it assume any and all powers. You have to have an enumeration of powers and then that has to be enforced. All the powers of the federal government that are not enumerated, nobody can police, nobody can make it stick.. 'Ihie is what concerns me most of all right now.

MIl: You 1wYe~ the Cona1i1utIon'.

Iegi1ImIcy II â&#x20AC;˘ binding IOCiaI contract. Are alllOdll contnca and, thus, all govern-

mentaillegttl_ and .. odell WIth AbIrty?

SOBRAN: rm not sure. Let's put it this way: It'a pretty hard to see how the state can actually increase your moral obligation. Basically, you have two kinds of obligations: obligations that are a part of natural law, which nothing can change, and then there are contractual obligations that we undertake voluntarily. The obligations imposed by the state don't fall into either categbry. , MR: One of your r8Ca'1t columns prai881 Lyander Spooner, a nineteenth century anarchic ~. Do you befleve that an anarchic or anarcho-apitallst society one t.sed upon voluntary contract rather than gov.nmentII coercion - Is feasible?

SOBRAN: That's another one I keep asking myself. I think we can go a long way toward it. The Constitution is basically, of course, just a revision of the Articles of Confederation. If you picture the spectrum. in which the Articles of Confederation represent one extreme, zero, and at the other end, at a hundred, i.e the kind of government we have now, the Constitution would be about seven or eight out oftbat hundred. It's very close to the Articles.

MR: You have aaerted that both 1he A. pubIicInI M1d the DemocraIa ditreepect the ConItItution, 8IpICiaIIy the IICtIon that outII. . the IlUnll'MId POW" of Congress.

How did both InIior parties become cor-

rupted with statism?

the chief means by which it does this.

SOBRAN: So far, the latter seems to be the case because it's just the trans-

SOBRAN: I think it is in the nature of government to tend toward corruption of that kind, but the great corruption happened in mid-century. I think. what youbave is the United States following the worldwide trend.

What used to be called consolidated government in our time has been glorified as progressive, especially with Franklin Roosevelt, though it didn't start with him by a long shot. The federal government has maintained the same principle of order as in fascism, socialism, communism, and so on:

MIl: Is there a rea&stic way to return to truly constitUtIonal government?

fer of federallY-fielected funds along with the administration of federal programs to the states. It's not really states' rights. I don't want to idealize state government at all, but at least a state government is a lot smaller than the continental government. And you can move out of one state without terrible inconvenience, but it's hard to leave the whole continent if you've got a single tyranny extending over all. '!he whole idea of federalism is it's ideal to live in a state with a small physical area, because you can leave, because it requires a competition with other states in liberty. There should be a Jllaliret in freedom, and the more states you have, the more they tend to keep each other honest.

SOBRAN: Yes, but it does require a

MR: Do you believe that the American people have accepted the omnipotent s1ate?

SO BRAN: I think they are resigned to it because they don't know the alternative. They are educated in state schools so);hey don't know that" there is another way of doing busioness. They would,be stunned to learn - most of them ~ that if the Framers eame back,<they would repudiate this government as having nothing to do with their Constitution, except in the sense that we still have two senators per state, and things like that.

SOBRA.N: I think that there's definitelya strong libertarian movement.

People are sick of the government now; they regard it as their enemy. I think that will continue. The federal government has been like a huge, mean watch dog, and as long as people felt menaced by the Soviet Union they were willing to put up with it. But now there's no plausible enemy abroad, so they look at it very critically and they say, "What do we need this dog for? It's mean, it's surly, it eats far too much, and it bites the kids. Let's get rid ofit." I think that's sort of the spirit now. What liberals don't understand is that the legitimacy of the welfare state depended on the Cold War. Now that that threat no longer exists - if it ever did in the first place - the American people's whole attitude toward their own government changed.

America?

SOBRAN: Absolutely. Not so much in the sense of what you are taught; it i.e becaUse certain questions are simply never raised, and we tend to become conscientious and submissive citizens of the collectivist state.

MIl: Many of your columns have condernIled the income tax as being coercive and c0ntrary to liberty. Is the income tax any worse than any other type of tax?

SOBRAN: Yes. We have it much worse because your privacy can be invaded now in a way that was impossible before. 'The Federalist #45, which I regard as the most crucial and telling of all the Federalist Papers, ensures the people of New York that the federal government will deal with external affairs - that is, foreign policy, primarily. '!he federal government will not have any particular power over the internal business of the states. There's no chance that that would have been ratified ifpeople had seen that the federal govemment would turn against the people of the states, and the income tax is one of ' _~" u. _ ~

SOB RAN: It depends what you mean by democracy. Ideally, democracy . should mean a system in which because everyone is equal, nobody can enslave anyone else. It's perverted when it means that everyone can enslave anyone else, and that's what has happened through the tax system. A huge part of the population can live off the other part. The average American would be much better off if the federal government just vanished. Instantly, most Americans would be richer and freer and more secure. There's a fraction that lives off the others through the taxing power that would be worse off. I call this the "overclass" because their income is above the level that they can get in a free market system. These people depend, for their income, on government - on the use of the taxing power against others. So we ought to recognize them as a distinct class and isolate them and deprive them of power.

Anyone who receives money from the government should not be allowed to vote, whether it's a farm subsidy or a salary. Government employees shouldn't be allowed to vote.

MR: Do you think that the Republican victory is evidence of â&#x20AC;˘ rising antl-statlst tide within America?

MR: You just aDueIed to public education.

Do you believe that state-run education has played a role In the promotion of statism In

______

MR: In many of your columns, you have questioned the role of democracy itself in America. Do you believe that democracy has failed America?

"lot of effort. People have to be awakened to what the Constitution really means. I don't just mean original intent; I mean the logic and the inescapable meaning of it and the understanding that prevailed until fairly recently. '!bey have to have the will to be free too. '!hat's what I see is mis.sing.

_

MR: Did you really speak with President James Madison?

SOBRAN: I frequently do. I try to keep in touch with him through my gypsy contact.

Mil: The states' rights movement Is growing. n fact, many Republicans, in agreement with the "Contract With Americi," are calling for a shift of power from !he national government to the states. Will thi. federalist approach lead ma great. respect for Uberty, or will it simply allow tyranny to exist at the local level? _

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MIl: Well, 1he next time you speak with him, tell him I said, "HI."

SOBRAN: Gladly. Ml. ...,,,,,_....___.................._ ....._______________

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April12!~

1995

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THE MICIDGAN REVIEW

9

o ISSUE FORUM: FOREIGN POLICY

Non-intervention Protects Freedom ,

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BY JAMES

A. RoBERTS, n

A

CONSEQUENTIAL ERA IN American history, the Cold War has influenced American foreign policy greatly, and it will continue to do so. While America's victory in the Cold War affirmed the ideals of free markets and individual liberty, it also has created many questiona concerning the future of American foreign policy. In the wake of this diplomatic and, at times, militaristic conflict, the United States should return to its roots of non-interventionism and neutrality in foreign affairs.

At the time of its birth, America remained neutral in the face ofinternational conflict. As President George Washington proclaimed in his "Farewell Address," the United States must engage in trade and friendship with all nations, while forming alliances with none. Washington realized that the entanglements of alJiances easily may compromise America's freedom as a sovereign and self-governing nation. International commitments may allow other nations - whose leaders the American people did not

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elect - to exert influence or even control over the United States, placing its independence injeopardy. 'This ideal of neutrality in foreign affairs is essential to America's independence, and the current government of the United States should revive it.

While alliances may compromise America's freedom, so to does unilateral interventionism. That is, an international action undertaken by the United States alone, without the intervention of an alliance or another nation, also may be detrimental to America. When the United States acts internationally - as it does when it goes to war, to employ a rather extreme example - it tends to establish foreign commitments that will involve it in future conflicts. The Cold War serves as an illustrative example of this. Once the United States pledged to contain communism throughout Europe and Asia, it involved itself perhaps unnecessarily - in future conflicts, such as the K~ and Vietnam wars. 'ilie gains1hat the United States reaps from such conflicts are dubious, as such involvement tends to lead only to loss of life.

Intervention in the international realm also diminishes the liberty of the American people, for international involvement tends to increase the size and influence of the federal government. A nation's involvement in war, along with the manufacture and upkeep of military hardware that accompanies it, costs money, and the United States certainly is not immune to this. Extensive involvement in international conflicts may render increases in military spending necessary, costing even more money. The government, of course, obtains this money through the means of taxation, which infringes upon the rights of Americans to keep their property.

'This governmental expansion due to international intervention is not unique to militaty spending; such ronflicts may allow government to increase its influence in domestic affairs a's well. Evidence for this claim is prevalent throughout American history. As many historians assert, the Civil War, for instance, lead to increases in governmental action in society, especially through the Reconstruction of the South. World War I

also serves as a prime example ofthla, for this war, in part, added to President Franklin Roosevelt's justification for his New Deal, a massive expansion of government. Thus, international involvement is antithetical to freedom, and the United States government - created to protect freedom - should avoid it.

The Preamble of the Constitution, in reference to the purposes of the Constitution, states that a constitutional government must "provide for the common defense." The proper role of the military is not to exert its influence throughout the world. Instead, it must serve only to protect the borders of the United States from invasion, thus protecting the freedom of Americans. Any action that exceeds this provision is contrary to the Constitution and to .freedom itself With the Cold War now retired to the history books, there exists no definite threat to America's security. The United States should take this opportunity to return to its original ideals of neutrality and non-interventionism, for the freedom of the American people is dependent upon this. Mt

Intervention Ensures Security

BY NATE JAMISON

T

HE HISTORY OF THE

United States is rife with acrounts of wars and other military actions. There has not been an armed attack on the United States since the Japanese attaCk on of Pearl Harbor in 1941, yet the United States military still employs thousands of people and maintains a constant state of readiness at an enormous expense to the federal government.

Due to its physical geography and the relative weakness of Canada and Mexico, the United States is essentially an island nation that shares no borders with nations that presently are hostile or have the potential to become so; therefore, there seems to be little reason for the United States to maintain such a large military and to engage in military operations throughout the globe. Yat, in order to maintain its present position as a global economic and political superpower and to prevent the outbreak of large-ecale wars as belligerent nations seek to expand their tem.tory, the United States must maintain a well-trained, motivated military to exert force wherever it is necessary.

For the first 100 years ofits history, the United States was generally

isolated from world affairs. 'ilie only military actions in which the United States engaged were those that directly affected its tem.torial integrity, such as the War of 1812. During this time, isolationism was a viable alternative since the combined effect of limited weapons technology and the vast expanse of the oceans separating the United States from the European and Asian powers made military action against the United States a highly impractical undertaking at best. It was also very unlikely that a European country would even have the resources to turn its attention toward the Western Hemisphere given the delicate balance of power in Europe with England, France, Germany, Russia, and to a lesser extent, Spain and the Netherlands, constantly engaging in various wars and skirmishes over tem.tory.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the United. States began to involve itself in world affairs. In 1898, the United States aided with Cuban rebels in their revolt against Spain, which led to the Spanish-American War, the result ofwhich left the United States in possession of several tem.toties throughout the world including Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam. From that point onward, the

United States has been a major player in world political and military affairs.

When Germany exhibited its territorial aspirations in the late 1930s, in concert with an emergent-Japan desperate for natural resources, the United. States became involved in the conflict. In this case, the United States was justified in entering what was essentially a foreign conflict in order to thwart the German and Japanese advance before they could gain steam.

Had Germany and Japan been victorious in Europe and Asia - a likely occurrence had America not entered the war - then they would have had the resources and the freedom to attack the United. States itself Had the United. States not entered the fray in Europe and the Western Pacific, then the frontlines quite possibly could have been the East and West Coasts of the United. States.

The postwar era, the United States and the Soviet Union were the two dominant superpowers. Again, in order to prevent Soviet expansion, the United. States, as the dominant Western power, was justified in maintaining a significant military presence in Europe and Eastern Asia, as well as a significant naval presence throughout the world, to contain the Soviet Union and prevent it from ex-

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panding its influence and power.

Even with the demise of the Soviet Union, the United. States should still maintain a sufficient military in order to prevent nations intent on teIritorial expansion, such as Iraq, or sponsoring terrorist activity, such as Libya, from acquiring enough territory and resources to threaten the security of the United. States or its allies throughout the world.

The goal of United States foreign policy should then be to prevent belligerent nations from acquiring the resources and territory to become a major hostile power. The best way to accomplish this is through the unilateral application of military and diplomatic force towards a specific goal, e.g. the liberation of Kuwait. The current trend of multilateral, United Nationa--eponsored peacekeeping efforts is not the proper role for the United States military. The United States should only involve itself in foreign affuirs when it chooses, namely to prevent the posaibility that a hostile nation achieve the position of being able to threaten the United States.

Put simply, the reason that the United States should maintain a strong military is to ensure that the frontlines of any possible war will be far from the United States itself Mt

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THE MrcmGAN REVIEW

April 12, 1995

Cahill "t.; ,~ ~~

Continued from page 1 The main area of concern about the Code has been the repea~ violations of due process, partially in regard to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). According to Cahill, the appeals board has been blatantly irresponsible in its administration of the Code. First of all, cahill asked the board for a copy of all the appeals statements, the results, and all relevant backup material over the last two years. '!his is a common request by attorneys in appeal cases so that they are able to gauge the status of the court and how it reacts to certain defenses. 'Ihis FOIA request, filed on March I, was denied in a letter by Louis Morrisey, the University's FOIA officer, on March 12. In this letter, Morrisey writes, "'There have not been any petitions for extension of time, therefore there are no responses." In other words, there have been no appeals over the last two years.

Cahill was both "surprised and amused" by this reply, as he filed a Code hearing appeal for a separate al8e in the time period specified. Once his elTOr was revealed. Morrisey was

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forced to give the Welch defense some deleted. '!he paragraph of notes consort of evidence to appease Cahill. taining the conversation titled, "ExThe Welch defense was not given applained the Process," is marked with peals files, however. Instead, it was a black marker, rendering it unreadgiven a group of summaries of the able. While only speculating, Cahill different cases that dealt with the thinks that there is a possibility that Code over the given time period. While this censored passage contains evithis was some evidence, it was clearly dence that would have helped clear not enough.

Welch's name in the original trial.

The Code demands that the UniRegardless of the content of these versity provide a more detailed and records, the University does not have complete file. According to Cahill, the a stated policy of censoring any mateU-M did not follow this practice due rial in the records at all, and one must wonder why this action took place in to a prior mishap. It seems that the Michigan Daily had a deal to obtain this case.

The charge on which Welch was the legal expunged copies of the Code hearings under the agreement that it convicted. calls into question the enwould not investigate to find out whom tire process of the Code. She was the unnamed students were. When charged with assault, but was convicted on the charge of a pattern of the Daily looked for and found the harassment. Clearly this was a violastudents who were involved, the Unition of her rights. Much like a person versity simply withheld this informain federal court cannot be brought tion from anyone who requested i~. into court on the charge of robbery Thus, no one is allowed to get th~ and then be convicted of murder, a proper information anymore. person brought into a Code hearing A more serious violation ofr!ghts on the charge of assault should not be may hav~..occurred in the records themselVes. In the records of a "June convicted on the charge of a pattern of 23, 1994 col}.versation between Lavie harassment. According to Cahill, "'!he and J~dic~a1 Advisor Mary .L ou . hearlng paneJ tried tQ .s plit the baby, ' but they split it in an illegal way."

Antieau, some lines are mysterioUsly

Code Protest

Sign the Reverse Pledge

Continued from page 1

Join other fellow students, alumni, and parents and sign the Rev~rse Pledge. The Reverse Pledge states that you will not give money to :MPact, the Senior Pledge, or any other University-£ponsored funding drive until the Statement of Student Rights and Responsibilities (the Code) is abolished. Apparently, student disapproval of the Code is not important to the U-M so we must deny the University what it care most about - money.

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, ~ tkd !J wdJ not dtuude CUUf IHIUUMf 10. Ik. 'II~ 0/ M~" ~ ~ UHid the • &at.tlfllldo/ ~ R~ ruuL R~iJ. ~ !J,

~---To si~ e-mail the Michigan Review at mrev@umich.edu or mail this with your signature and name to the Michigan Reviw at: Reverse Pledge 911 N. University, Ste. 1 Ann Arbor, MI 48109

Review.!

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'This compromise was unfair to both sides, yet this appears to be the way that business typically runs under the Code.

The punishment designated for this conviction also violated the Code.

Melanie Welch was to be given a letter of reprimand for her actions. In this letter, which has not yet been sent due to the appeal, she is given a "stay away order." This commands her to have no contact with Lavie because of her alleged harassment of him. When examining the Code, however, it is clear that this punishment is not mentioned.

With all these rights violations, what is the future of this case? Right now, Cahill is pursuing the appeal on Welch's behalf. It is possible that the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) could bring a case against the University on Welch's behalf, focusing on the due process violations in her case. Meanwhile, Cahill is waiting on the FOIA requests to be followed. He expected an answer to arrive on April 7. Pending the response, he will' consider further a ctions against the .UnivenJity in order to clear Welch's name. Mt

..

political spectrum as well. This broad appeal should draw more students to the protest - students that normally might have never envisioned fighting side by side. 'The SAC wants to gather all individuals, regardless of motive, who are against the Code. According to von Eeuwijk, the diversity of the coalition "is the core strength of SAC .. . It clearly states that almost no one likes the Code."

SAC hopes its broad appeal will draw record nmnbers to the Code protest - echoing the anti- war protests the University was known for in the 1960s. While the U-M is no stranger to student activism, recent demonstrations have only been moderately successful. Two weeks ago, the Coalition Against the Contract On America (CACOA) organized to protest the RepUblicans' "Contract With America," drawing what some estimate to be 500 students. In another example of activism, just a few weeks before that, NWROC organized a Workers' Tribunal that put the U-M on trial for racism; this was sparked by the controversy of the "U-M Dental School Three" firings. While both protestsw:ere relatively successful,

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SAC needs to draw many more students to the Code protests in order to force the administration to abolish the Code.

Because many students do not really have a grasp on what the Code is or how it affects them, SAC seeks to educate and activate. SAC plans to reach out not only through town meeting style planning and information sessions, but through mass e-mailings, heavy mering, and traditional mailings. The mailings and fliers will not only carry information about the protest but factual information on the Code as well.

SAC hopes that on April 20, the regents will have something to discuss; it hopes the regents will take the student lash-out against ~e Code as initiative to not only refuse to make it a permanent policy, but to wholly abolish the Code. So far, while SAC has brought together quite a unique blend of individuals, with entirely unique philosophies, University of Michigan students must appear en masse on Thursday, April 20, on the Diag, to ensure that the administration and the regents will listen to the cries and opinions of these disgruntled, ·aggravated, ·butmotivated students. Mt

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April 12, 1995

THE MlClflGAN REVIEW

o EsSAYS

11

"Friendly Days" Should Last All Year

BY ANTHONY WEN

W

E'VE ALL HEARD THE

complaints. "Oh, Michigan people are 80 unftiendly ...

Back. from where I'm from, everyone smile8 and says, 'Howdy." "No one ever smile8 or looks up ... " 18 this true? Are we at the U-M :influencing people's notions about other citizens of the state ofMiclrlgan? An out-ofstate student once told me that she bad thought that most people in the state of Michigan were of the same attitudes and friendliness aa people at the U-M. I even have heard people opine that moat out-of...etate Btudents are nice and most in-etate ltudents are unfriendly. Such generalizations are inaccurate.

Recently, Project Smile, a !few student group, organized the weeklong "Friendly Days," an attempt to raise consciousness about ftiendliness and politeness on campus. Did it work?

Both students and administrators took part; aome banded out free candy and food on the Diag while others tried to encourage people to smile and brighten their demeanor. Motiva-

tiona! speakers spoke about the need ward me with a big smile on his face. to laugh more and enjoy life. The I always think my hair is sticking up whole idea was to promote friendly or that I have a piece of broccoli stuck. interaction and bring ":random acts of between my teeth. It seldom occurs to kindness" to campus. me that maybe that person is just Frankly, I think this is pretty sad. happy and showing it. I usually think, I'm not saying that "Friendly Days" "Boy, that guy/girl must think I'm a was a bad idea truthully, I think that it was a commendable attempt to change attitudes em campus. But are special days set aside, on which we need to be asked. to be friendly, necessary? Should'nt we always be relatively polite and friendly to each other? I believe that most people at the U-M are but they don't always show it.

I must adloit that there is a general level of ~!--------------------------------~ A"Friendly unfiiendliness or at least .. &Ja,.. fINem goes awry. indifference on campUS. Over my past dork or something; that's why they've two years here at the V- M, I have got that big grin on their face." Need.seen both rude and pOlite actions. I less to say, this is not always true confess that I think it is peculiar to (although my hair does tend to fly up see the stranger who's walking towhen it gets windy and I have been

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called a dork).

As I write this, I am observing several "random acts of kindness" and it's not even "Friendly Dayst" The printer in this computer lab has jammed and the toner is low. PeIfect sbnungers are help~g each other unjam the printer and refresh the toner. "Thank you's" and "You're welcome's" are flying an over 1he plaoe.

This is not some isolated ~cident.

Everyday I see people holding doors open, picking up dropped items, and other courtesies. Admittedly, people may not be as friendly to strangers as they are to friends, but these actions show they're not rnnning around like rabid dogs looking to take a bite out of someone's leg.

Many people don't always appreciate the wonderful campus on which they live or the other people that live here. Granted, in the middle of a harsh Michigan winter (or spring as the case may be), it's quite hard to be cheerful and happy, but it is possible.

All it takes is a li,.t#e extra time to be polite and perhaps the V- M and its students can be as friendly as any

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Still the American Game?

BY BILL A:H:RENs

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T IS NOW OFFICIAL. ON Tuesday, April 25, after a long and bitter eigh~ month hiatus, our beloved national plStime is scheduled to return. On that day, major league ballparks all aa'088 the United States will once again be filled with the mmiHar sights, aounds, and smells ofthe 88C'ed game afbaseball. A fairly simple question, however, remains to be answered. Does anyone is his or her right mind really care anymore?

Ifyou love the game ofbaseball as much as I do, you have the right to be angry. 'Ib.e truly sad aspect conoerning the game's return is the fact that absolutely nothing has changed since the players walked off the field last August. No agreement has been reached, and the relationship between the players and owners remains strained.

The only thing that motivated the players to return was the possibility of opening day arriving with replacement players taking the field in their place. The issues which caused the

BiU AhrenIJ tried out for the repw.cement Tile,.., but he waa deemed too :1(>WIB .o nd phyma.uy fit路

demise of the 1994 season (a salary cap, arbitration, free agency) have not been resolved. Although both sides realize that the way in which the game is structured must be radically altered, it remains to be seen if any progress will be made. Negotiations during these next few months are crucial. Any further polarization of the two sides will undoubtedly engender further disputes in the time to come.

Despite the lack of progress at the bargaining table, the Montreal Expos, arguably the best team in all of baseball during the 1994 season, appear to be leading the way towards a new era in baseball. As salaries increase seemingly without limit, the financially-strapped Expos have been forced to dismantle their team piece by piece. In an effort to slash the club's relatively small $18 million payroll (The Detroit 'ligers had the largest payroll in 1994 at over $42.7 million), Kevin Malone, general manager of the Expos, went to work almost immediately after the strike had been resolved, attempting to trade away most of the team's highest salary players before last Friday's arbitration deadline.

If cente;r ,fielder Marquis ~m

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and pitchers Ken Hill and John Wetteland had not been traded before the deadline, the Expos would have had to offer each player salary arbitration, risking that their salaries might be increased to a level which. the team could no longer afford. In addition, the club chose not to pursue outfielder Larry Walker, one of its more valuable players who is eligible for free agency.

'The Kansas City Royals were also forced to trade 1994 American League Cy Young winner David Cone to the Toronto Blue Jays in order to release themselves from his $5 million contract. General Manager Herk Robinson stressed that doing so was the only way that he could ensure the team could remain in its hometown of Kansas City.

The strike did give us replacement baseball. For several weeks, career minor leaguers and players from outside the professional ranks were given a legitimate chanoe to ride along with a major league ball club. The exhibition season came and went, and some of these players even went as far as traveling north with the clubs, believing that they would get the chanoe to finally prove themselves. Sadly, that time never came. Our superstars

will return, and there is nothing we can do about it.

I wish that I could say that it is slowly becoming apparent to those who nm the game that the only way to stop the rise of multi-million dollar salaries is to simply refuse to pay them, but this is simply not true. The perennial contenders continue to offer players outrageous contracts. In the future, it will become even more difficult for smaller market teams to compete without the revenue which larger market teams collect from television deals and greater attendanoe.

Meanwhile, these teams must rely upon more youthful players who cannot demand large salaries, making it almost impossible for them to be viable contenders.

The game of baseball needs to be regulated in some reasonable fashion, and the owners demands of revenue sharing and a salary cap, which. are both present in other professional sports, seem very reasonable. It is becoming increasingly difficult to feel sorry for either the players or the owners, however, after a trip to the ballpark reveals little but high ticket prices and a questionably boring game. Sadly, this appears to be the future of baseball. Ml , ', ,

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The Case 'for Sound Money twentieth century. And I believe that cycle into his dissertation, making it the proper place to begin this process a more complete and powerful work, is with Rothbard's work on monetary but also making it politically unpalatURRAYRCYIHBARD HAD able to a very important member of policy; for when all is said and done, a remarkably prolific cathis will be the area ofhis scholarship his dissertation committee, Arthur F. reer. He authored over 20 where his impact will be most long Burns. It was only after Burns left boob, wrote thowIandJ of articles for lasting.

Columbia to chair the Council of Acathe scholarly and popular preas, and demic Advisors that Rothbard was Rothbard's first major work on lectured throughout the United able to get his dissertation approved. monetary policy was his doctoral disStates. More importantly than the sertation, The Panic of 1819, which Following his work on the first sheer mass ofhie writings, however, later to be published by Columgreat economic panic America faced, was was the nature ofbia output; his work. bia University Press.

During the time namely that of 1819, Rothbard took spanned the entire spectrum of the he was completing his dissertation on an even more ambitious project: to social aciencea. In addition to his work Rothbard began attending Ludwig von explain, using Misesian business cycle as an economist, Rothbard ventured Mises' famed semjnar at NYU. It was theory again, the causes of the Great into political philoeopby, writing such here that Rothbard was first introDepression. Rothbard, in the aptly engaging tracts as The Ethicll of Libduced to Austrian theory; it was quite titled America's Great Depression, erty and For a New Lil>ety; and into an awakening: "All the problems I pinned the blame on the organization history, writing a magisterial four had had with economic theory - e.g. he would devote his life to discreditvolume aeries entitled, Conceived in the fact that each school of thought ing: the state. It was his contention Liberly, which chronicled the colonial seemed vulnerable to criticisms ofits that the 1929 crash was a result of and revolutionary period ofthe United rivals - were speedily cleared up. I , Federal Reserve credit expansion.

States. He was truly an outstanding read Human Action at a fever pitch; , 'This view was not only in great coninterdiaciplinary echolar. all of a sudden, all of economics made trast to the standard view presented To try to rank the importance of sense, and fit together into a mighty by mainstream economists, but it was his acllolarship is nearly impossible. and cohere.n( system, all leading, to also in conflict with the other ostensiNevertheless, in the wake of his unindividualism and human liberty."

On bly free market explanation - the timely death, it is neceaaary to come the strength of this glorious experione offered by Milton Friedman and to an underBtanding ofhis work., and ence, Rothbard decided.. to . inCOFpoAnna Schwartz in A M.metary HUt~ to place it in cantat with the work. of rate Mises' theory of the business tory of the United States; 1867-1960. the other great libertarians of the In addition to offering his critique of the Fed in that book, Rothbard also took on a sacred icon of the right, Herbert Hoover. When America's Great Depression was first published • in 1963, Hoover was still considered, .. by many, to be a laissez faire conservative. Rothbard took exception with the following test to find out: such a view, arguing that Hoover only exacerbated the depression by med1) I like pap~rs that. .. dling in the economy. He argued, "If a) are thoughtful, hard-hitting, and infomative. we define the 'New Deal' as an antidepression program marked by exb) lack opinion, conviction, and have colorful graphics. tensive governmental economic planc) provide me with a crossword every day. ning and intervention ... Herbert ClarK Hoover must be considered the 2) I prefer art critiques that ... founder of the New Deal in America. a) are timely, well- written, and accurate.

Hoover, from the start of the depresb) try to be funny by using movie titles in clever ways. sion, set his course unerringly toward the violation of all laissez faire canc) just use thumbs and other extremities. ons."

If you answered (a) for either or both questions, you should In the trndition of America's Great Depression and The Panic Of 1819 subscribe to the Review. comes Rothbard's most recent work on monetary policy, The ' Calle Against the Fed (Ludwig von Mises Institute, 158 pgs.). Pub:For a tax-deductible contribution of $25 or more, you will receive a one-year which includes 13 bi-weekly issues and the 1995 Summer Orientation lishedjust a few short months before subscription , Issue. his death, The Case Against the Fed is just that, Rothbard's systematic IPlease send my subscription to: analysis of what is wrong with the Federal Reserve System.

Rothbard places the establish'Address: ment of central banks around the world in historical perspective, lookI City: State: Zip: _ _ _ ___ ing in detail at the establishment of I Please make check or money order payable to: the Central Bank of England and the , THE MICHIGAN REVIEW 911 Nath \lniv~itv, Su!~ One, Ann,J\rbo}! W ,.48109-12P5 . '. , .. . ~ CentnU Bank of the United.States,

BY AARON

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Should you subscribe to the Review?

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n8melythe' Fedeial~e· system:'. '

Rothbard sees the establishment of the Federal Reserve in the United States as nothing more than a power play by nefarious politicians looking to enhance their own power at the expense of sound banking and sound public policy. He writes, "'The Central Bank has always had two major roles: (1) to help finance the government's deficit; and (2) to cartelize the private commercial banks in the country, so as to help remove the two great market limits on their expansion of a-edit, on their propensity to counterfeit: a possible loss. of confidence leading to bank runs; and the loss of reserves should anyone bank expand its own credit."

Rothbard then looks at critical points in American monetary history sinee the establishment of the Fed in 1913, and sees the root cause of these problems being the Fed itself. Indeed, Rothbard contends, "Ifthe public knew what was going on, ifit was able to rip open the curtain covering the inscrutable Wiz~ of Oz, it would soon ~ver that the Fed. far from being the indispensable solution to theprohlem of inflation, is itself the heart and cause of the problem."

What path does he suggest the United States take instead of continuing with the present system? He contends, 'There is only one way to eliminate chronic inflation, as well as the booms and busts brought by that system of inflationary credit and that is to eliminate the counterfeiting that constitutes and creates the inflation.

And the only way to do that is to abolish legalized counterfeiting; that is, to abolish the Federal Reserve System, and return to the gold standard, to a monetary system where a market-produced metal, such as gold, serves as the standard of money, and not paper tickets printed by the Federal Reserve." In short, Rothbard calls for a complete separation of government and money. Unlike the current system, a Rothbardian monetary system would be one that would be truly "independent of politics."

Murray Rothbard's premature death at the age of 68 was a great tragedy. Had he lived into his nineties, as did Mises and Hayek, he may have been able to see his work gain the recognition it so deserved. And more importantly, he would have been able to complete the work he had already begun but was unable to finish: his multi - volume history of economic thought. Nevertheless, Murray Rothbard left us with an outstanding legacy of scholarship, a legacy that is made ricru,r 'Qy the publicati~n of The

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A Look at Sexy, Racial Speech assault. Although this view may make sense superficially, it does not hold up under closer examination. 'lhese codes place free speech and equality in adversarlal positions. By doing so, even though these policies are intended only to inhibit racista and bigQts, they effectively silence everyone.

8peGking ofRace, 8peGking of Sex ( NYU Press, 299 pgs.) is a provocative anthology that explores the inherent contradiction between the First Amendment and speech codes. While the authors aclmowledge the validity of the concerns that prompt speech codes, they demonstrate the difficulty of distinguishing between insults and ideas. All ofthese authors successfully make this point.

However, the literary quality of the anthology is rather uneven. 'lb.e essay by Donald Lively, "Racial Myopia in the Age of Digital Compression.It is without a doubt the best essay in the antholoq: J..ively's direct manner and concise delivery of relevant information is a pleasure to read after slogging thrOUgh the overly academic essays of the other authors, especially thoaeof Nadine Strouen . , ....

BY DEVORAH ADLER

ANY HAVE ASSUMED that the ftght for equality is contingent upon Firat Amendment righta. 'lhe right to free speech baa protected America's most suoceasful aocial movementa. begiIlrung in the mid-l8OOe with the abolitionist movement. Historically, attempts to repress speech have come from the right, as government struggles to preaerve the status quo.

Because of this, the Firat Amendment often is seen a.a one of the most powerful weapons that liberal movementshave. 'lhus, free speech advocates were SUIprl.eed when liberala throughout the country supported policies that restricted hate speech in the mid19808. 'lb.e IlUpport for such speech codes originated on college campuses and in law scboola and waa advanced by tMee who saw themselves as f:lgbt.ing for equality. Speech code support. ers reaaoned that aince bigoUd speedJ. marginalize. and victimize. people based upon their race or sex, this language should be considered an

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and Robert Post. Lively's essay begins by providing the reader with background historical facts: he writes about the role that First Amendment rights played in the civil rights movement, and the limitations previously placed on the First Amendment through prior court decisions. Lively states that even though speech codes attempt to propel society towards greater equality, the codes really play a minimal role in the reality of racial relations today; they are generated as part of an ideology more concerned with an illusion of harmony than a real interest in improving the state of racial relations.

Lively likens the reasoning behind the codes to the ideology behind Plestty v. Ferguson, in which the decision stated that "decisions on the basis of race ... were natural, essential, and fndefeasible. It He conti,nues to say that the renewed attention to racial protocolllke these speech codes i:adicat.es a set of "immutable conditions necessitating a formal code for governance ofcross cultural rela1ions."

Lively's reasoning is clear and his

as a solid introduction to the essence of the debate sUlTOWlding the First Amendment and speech codes.

Most of the essays follow Lively's general pattern and reasoning. However, Anthony P. Griffin's essay departs from traditional form and tries to make his point through fiction st0ries - a valiant effort, but a ridiculous essay. His story chronicles a lawyer and a comic who realize the speech code they struggled to establish is now being levied against them. Griffin is an established and celebrated lawyer with a great deal of worthwhile information to communicate; however, after this essay, it is obvious that fiction is not the medium through whim he should speak.

Overall, Spet:Jki.na ofRm:e, Spea.kinti ofSex is a good introduction. to the struggle to reconcile the. harm done by racist speech with the rights provided by the First Amendment. Although several ofthe essays are highly specific at times. assuming the reader has previous infonnation be may not have, the anthology opens new avenues of discussion concerning this

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A Pulpy Sort of Fiction

BY MOHAN

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VERNOTICETHATEVERY novel being read lately is either the progeny of a movie or the progenitor of onffl Ever notice that Midlael Crichton is selling movie deals before he actually writes the books? Is it really true that with one manuscript and a good thesaurus, John Grisham will be selling books into the 21st century?

Always in search of cute, meaningless, pseudo-intellecqw labels, I think this should be called '1>ulk fiction. It Bu1k fiction is the kind of stuff that sells more copies at Meijer than at a book store. It's the kind of fiction that you read with a can ofMoWltain Dew and a single-eerving bag of' Doritoe. It's giving fiction a bad name.

After an. why do we read fiction at all?

If we just want some literary cheap thrills, we oou1d go to the cinep1ex and watch JuT"fJUic Pa.rk. What good is the book? 'lhe best kind of fiction, on the other hand, is the stuff that makes you thlnk. I don't mean thinking things like, -Gee, what if dinosaurs existed today? ,It but the writing that makes you think about the base reado. ~ tlie. .

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way we do, and why we shouldn't do things the way we do. 'lb.at's the true pulp offiction - the heart. In the best kinds of stories, the plot is just a vehicle to absorb readers into the issues of the book.

As an explanation, here are some of the gems that rve come across in my literary trails over the past two summers or so. '!hese stories share the common theme of exploring the nature of human society. If you don't know what to read, check. some of these out.

• Waterslaip Down by Richard Adams. No list like this should ever be compiled without this marvellous work of imagination. In it, a group of rabbits are estranged from their warren, which is destroyed by evil construction workers. '!he rabbits travel haphazardly across the scenic COWltryside of England, while trying to find a new home. On their way, they meet other rabbits who live dramatically different lives - some who are kept in cages as pets all their lives, others who very literally survive by subjWlcti.ng individual needs, and so on - and slowly form a widened understanding of rabbit government, of course. Making no obvious contentiqIj.S:, MaP?-~""J~enges.us. wi~ his ...

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wild tour de force of how egalitarian the Martian people, and is later "ressociety came to exist. And it's about cued." Upon his return to earth, he bunny rabbits too. shares his unique and shocking views • The Foundation Series by Isaac with others. While the views on huAsimov. Not a book, but a series of man sexuality and religion espoused seven, the Foundation is an awesome in this novel may be offensive to some, look into humanity's future. Surpristhey are fuscinating to those who are ingly light on actual science and heavy not weak-minded. on social and political implications, it • The Short Storie. of F. Scott details the fall of a "Gal.acti.c Empire," Fitzgerald. Finally, I want to sugso large and old that humanity has gest something of a slightly different vein. Aside from dealing with society forgotten how it began, and believes it has always lived throughout the galand politics abstractly, it is very inaxy. '!he series follows the attempts teresting to know how modern pop of a knowledgeable oligarchy of scienculture came to be. Sadly relegated to tists to control politics invisibly, "for high school classes, Fitzgerald's short the good of society." Also, the final stories, if one reads them together, book, "Forward the FOWldatiOn," was create a vivid cinema of the origin of written close to the time of Asimov's pop music, the partying culture, and death, and is a powerful visualization university life by filling in little scenes of the author's experience of death and coloring little pictures with indiand dying, written through Asimov's vidual and loving attention. '!hough obvious alte:r-ego. we are not too similar to the people of • Stranger in a Strange Land by the "Jazz Age," we do share some very Robert Anson Heinlein. Heinlein, basic needs and hungers with those of often named along with Asimov as this time. the greatest writer of science fiction of '!hese are fuur selections that have all time, uses futuristic scenarios to essentially nothing to do with each explore human issues. In this work, other. All they share is that they help which one should read in its Wlcut us Wlderstand modern Western culformat, and not in the censored verture and politics from the aspects of sion originally published, a human where it came from, where it is, and stn\nt\eA 9y.,,~m-~"'.:tW~()ng,··' .~p.~ it~~ ~<~ ~ <.,:

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Tank Girl, Muriel's Wedding Entertain

BY RYAN POSLY

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OLLYWOOD HAS COME Wlder close scrutiny recently because of the notioeabl.e lack of quality roles for women in films in the last few years. This is unfortunate considering the fact that women are now a m~ority in this COWltry,

Muriel's Wedding (rated A) Directed by P.J. Hogan Tank Girl (rated A) Directed by Aache! T a1alay

and you would think that Hollywood would cater to this growing audience.

No matter how hard it tries, though, Hollywood cannot stop tboae few small films with juicy roles for women that sneak through the cracks. Two films of this type are doing good business right now, and I was lucky enough to catch them both this week.

Australia has been a hotbed of great movies lately, with such recent films as The Pio.no, SireM, ~illa­ Queen of the Duert and Heavenly Creature. (New Zealand, close ~). Ita neweetentzy into Ameri.. can theaters is Muriel. Wedding, a hilarious and heartwarming story of a young woman'. drive for marriage and struggle for acceptance.

Muriel. Wedding received a 15 IIlinute a1anding ovation at last years Cannes Film. Festival, arguably the most important international festival in the world, and it is not hard to see why. Toni Collette is phenomenal as Muriel, an unattractive, emotionally repre~ YOWlg woman whose life revolves around Abba and getting manied. She lives in Porpoise Spit with her severely dysfunctional family when she decides to leave and pursue her dream. Maniage representa the ultimate BUCOe88 and happiness, but through the course of the film. we see Muriel profoundly mature from a naive introvert into a strong woman, shaking offher need. for marriage as a form of acceptance.

The story is brought colorfully to the screen by first-time writer/director P.J. Hogan. His screenplay jumps indiscreetly from hysterical antics to wrenching tragedy and back again, manipulatmg every emotion its audience COnJure8. Collette exhibits so much energy and youthful enthusiasm that when she amileB one can overlook her obvious physical flaws and amilea right along with her.

The IUpporting caat is equally Ryan Po.ly ~ CI fJw/t.mtm in film and vid«> .tudiu ClM film critic of the

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wonderful. Bill HWlter and Rachel couldn't pay me to see it," as one Griffiths - as Muriel's self-absorbed friend remarked. Although it's hardly father and supportive best friend, rethe most intelligent film ever made, it spectively - give almost as moving is far from stupid. Sure, there are performances and hit all the right jokes about bodily functions and notes. The rest of the ensemble is sex - all the usual idiotic fare - but meant mainly for laughs, and they they come off in such a weird way don't disappoint. from such unusual characters, one Despite its abrupt, somewhat pacan't help but laugh. Its plot also may thetic ending, Muriel's Wedding is be formulaic, but in all honesty, with engrossing and wholly entertaining. such original characters in an origiIt also boasts one ofthe funniest sames nal setting, nothing is formulaic.

I've ever seen on film, involving Based. on the cult British romic of Muriel, hm- horny date, her best friend the same name and directed by Rachel and two naked American sailors. Use Talalay (Freddy's Dead: The Fimll your imagination.

Nightmare), Tank Girl is an exciting, Not nearly as ftumy or touching, witty and very sexy look. at 2033, after but much more fun to watch, is Tank a comet has struck Earth, depleting it Girl, a strikingly original, psychedelic of most of its water. One POWer-hWlcyberpunk. romp through postgry man, played with conventional apocolyptic America. In searching for wickedness by Malcolm McDowell ways to describe this film, only one (gracefully aged since A Clockwork word came to my mind: "cool." It is a ~. Orange), has rontrol of almost all the carnival of sights and soWlds and a water. A docile, yet vicious, band of circus of strange characters. half-humans, half-kangaroos called "the rippers" wants its fair share and It took .~at effort to find somebody to this with me beca~ of will stop at nothing to get it. Rebecca, preconceived,notions that it was for the Tank Girl, is a renegade free spirit kids (even though it is clearly rated.who just likes to have fun. .

Despite the .fact that theorlginal R) or that it looked "so stupid you

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actress walk.ed out just days before the film was scheduled to shoot (apparently she wouldn't shave her head), Lori Petty is cast perfectly as the wholly independent and hilariously spirited Tank Girl. She gives a completely Wlselfconscious Performance, seeming to enjoy every minute of it.

Whether riding the cannon of her tank as a giant phallus or blasting away the bad guys with Rambonian prowess, she's a joy to watch.

Although the "rippers" provide the most romedy, they are far too cute for this sort of film. Designed by effects genius Stan Wrnston, they have been softened considerably from the original comic book concept. I'm waiting for the McDonald's Happy Meal ripper figurines.

Stylishly shot and edited, Tank Girl blends live action and cartoons in a lively, MTV fashion. This highlycharged pace and setting, roupled with the film's retro-meets-post-modern costumes and sets, it looks like a manic Buck Rogers episode. Overall, it is an insignificant film, not one that will get a .standing ovation at Cannes,but good, campy fun to watch. Ml .'

No shock: Oscars disappoint again

BY RYAN POSLY

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HEN THE InGHLIGHT of an a wards telecast is a pre-filmed comedy seque nc e involving numerous celebrities and a stuffed monkey, chances are that the ceremony itself is boring people to death. I believe two people actually died of boredom while watching the 67th Academy Awards two weeks ago. fmjust kidding of course, but the verdict is in on the 1994 Oscar ceremony, and it doesn't look good. 'There were no surprises in any of the major categories (I was alone in thinking that Quentin Tarantino would steal Best Di.rectQr from Robert Zemekis), and David Letterman was nowhere near his usual hilarious self Aside from that, the show went two hours and 35 min~tes, one of the longest in history, and rontained no overt political plugging (unless you COWlt those shameless little quips about the National Endowment for the Arts, an organization that has done next to nothing for the film industry anyway).

David Letterman is arguably the greatest talk-show host ever and one oftbe brightest, funniest men on te1eviai.on. But placed out ofbia element

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ally hesitant Tom Hanks on stage to "assist" in one of Dave's tired old Stupid Pet Tricks. Even the Top Ten List was lame. Steve Martin was funnier in his two minutes because he is more familiar with the crowd, and he is my choice for host next year.

Noticeably absent from this yeaTs ceremony were the little red AIDS ribbons that grace the coats and dresses at so many awards shows today.

Either the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences found a cure for the plague of our generation, or they have finally realized that wearing a tiny piece of cloth makes absolutely no difference in the struggle against it.

It is lUlfortunate that the biggest night in Hollywood can seem so dull, especially in a year of many great films. Still, in a night of such highlighta as Paul Newman forgetting to annoWlce four of the Best Cinematography nominees, and Marlin Landau shouting "Nol" as he finally gets cut off during his a~tance speech, one The stuIIed monkey lIVed Gwftp'. big night. has to wonder: "Say, what the hell'8 with that Tank Girl's hair, anycould not function like normal. I crinpd ~h.en he ciragged an .~-qs,~• . ' WJlyf.M\ .. ' ... . .. .... .. _' ... .' "

like he was for the Oscars, in front of a group of stuffy executives on the dreaded West Coast, and not given complete control over his situation (he must have sweated like crazy because he keeps the temperature on his show around fifty degrees!), he

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Sweet BellyJlammers All show that "they oould rock like the big stay home and watch TV. All doean't boys." In fact, they made no attempt mind, they have been making squat to hide their lack of talent. for years, they like taking money from At the time For The Ladies was little kids and frat boys . Five years recorded, the Juicy girls had only later, pop-punk is as cool as cheeseplayed their instruments for a little metal is now. All plays the Ritz or more than a year. The result is New wherever washed-up punk pop bands York, jangle-pop end up playing.

• with way more Regardless, All's tempo fluctuations, new album is great The out of tune guitars line-up hasn't changed, and off key vocals with Chad Price on vothan even the most cals. Stephen Egerton indie-rockin' New on guitars, Karl Alvarez York bands. on bass and Bill Whether they Stevenson on drums. meant it or not, lots Although there are of the tunes are still plenty of poppy Allcatchy, and their style love songs like lyrics aren't as anti"Million Bucks" and _ _ 0-::.._ _ ..... _ _1 male aa I expected.

"Long Distance," and quirkier numbers like Matthew Sweet messes with As good as they've "Buttop It" and "Gettin' his equipment beoom.e. they still fly their flag ofhumilThere," Chad Price exity.

On their inside cover they write: hibits his new liking for abrasive yen"Thanks to the nice folks who let us ing on such harsh songs like "Uncle borrow their equipment and practice Critic" and "On Foot." Within the 15 rooms. You've given new meaning to tunes ofPummel (Intersoope Records). the word charity and we've given new All is as excitingly diverse as ever. me~ to the word abuse." Ml. •..V'" HEN I FOUND , OUT,,; that Juicy was an all girl ' , band, I planned to grab For the Ladies (Slow River Records) and head for Wazoo to get a dollar or two in trade. After I looked at the packaging a little bit closer, I oould see that they weren't pompous girls trying to

I. KENT WRIGHT

The Holder Uppers (Interscope Records) continues the tradition of .

ELL, THERE ARE A FEW garage-etyle rock and roll tattooed surprises in Bellys King with Jon's barfy vocals. Epitaph's (SirelReprise), the long Brett Gurewitz (ex-Bad Religion) even cites the Hammer as his favorite awaited follow up to everyone's favorite bubble-gum pop bonanza, Star. band; he even produced the record for Producer Glyn Johns. who has free! But anyone who has been keepworked with the ' ,," _ ing the tab Bootles, the Rollr. ~ -~i,;. ~~ on the garing Stolles. The :::,,;:~ 1fI bage that Who and Led Zep, , E pi t a ph pelin, has brought has been a more live feel to '. putting out the recording. The I at ely very heavy metal a ho ul dn 't Gail Greenwood is ' b e t0 0 now the official a f raid . bassist. VocalistJ Claw Hamguitarist Tonya -: mer mixes Donelly ro-wrote a ,,' e n ou g h oouple of the tunes rootsy rock ·th Gail and .

Belly chills out on the Diag. .

WI gw.Wl·th th err tarist Thomas Gorman. contemporary screech to stay interWhoopee. I oould care less if ahe estirig. co-wrote some of the songs with Claw Hammer .oeD at the Lemmy Motorhead. it all 80UrnU the BHnd Pig thls Friday, Aprll14th. same. Yeah, she was in 'lhe Breeders.

AnnArbor's Morsel will rock with Yeah, she was in the Throwing MUBe8. them.. .

It doesn't mean that anything 01' Tonya pulls out of her 88S is worth LBUMS LIKE THIS ARE listening to. The only thing that pretty tough to review. Alseemed particularly exciting about though I always like MatKing was the fact that the thousands thew Sweet's albumk! (except the of dollars blown at Compass Point dreadfully wimpy and fortunately Studios in the Bahamas oouldn't even hard-to-find Inside and Earth) he make her sound on key. Other than has shown an uncanny propensity that, I couldn't wait to i towards the same get it out of my disc Bingerl player and get back to songwriter atyle of my homework. ~. pop rock. Simply \ ~ 'Ihtll"lJday. April~' ,J: , .~ put. 100% Fun (Zoo 13th, Tonya will do . , _''~ . ~, ~ " _ , ~ Entertainment) reaher cute, knock- , 1, - :Ii" ' ' turea songs that ,~ ~ \ . kneed dance, Gail \ , " ~:' could be on Gzrlwill head baug. and t... ·;J '1, friend or Altered those crazy kids ~l Beaat. won't be able to get enough of Belly at T WILL BE the State Theatre in interesting to .. I see if the boys Detroit. You, my from All end up quit,. friend, should be studying for those Utde boys play with toys, big boy. ting the band to eXaJD8. play wi1h Caw Hammer. serve burgers in a few years. Since they have been doing the (sorry, gotta use ON WAHL W AS FIRST it) pop-punk thing either as All or the introduced to the world ofrock Descendents since 1978, a major lawhen he roadied for Agent Orbel release might not be such a good ange. Soon after, he wanted to do thing.

Picture this: Kennedy announces some rocking ofhis own. The results the new All video for "Long Distance" were Claw Hammer.

Well, Claw Hammer ended up on while thousands of kids are glued to tour with Mudhoney, Rocket From their sets around the US. The kids The Crypt and 'Ihe Jon Spencer Blues like the BOng, it reminds them of Green Explosion, and put out a whole lotta Day or Offspring or something. The junk on Sympathy For The Record kids don Weezer shirts and go to All

BY

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This year might be over, but the Review still needs Living Culture writers for next year. If you want to write about restaurants, television, books, fashion or music, give us a call. Just dial 6621909, and ask for Dean or Greg.

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Full-Tower Case with 150W P.S. and II Drive Bays.

16k Inte rnal Cachc. S12k External Cache.

32MB or 6005 RAM (Max: 128MB).

Epson 3.5" Hi-Density Floppy Drive.

Maxtor 850MB IOms Enhanced ID E Ha rd Disk.

PC I Hlgh·Speed Enhanced IDE Har d Disk Interface.

Nflt4' PC I Diamond Slealth 64 Video S3·968 2MB VRAM 16oox1200 Video Ca rd. ,\ .e K,Opliquest 2082 20" (.28mm dp) 1600x 1200 NI Monitor.

KcytTonic ~ Keyboard, Microsoft Ergonomic Mouse.

T" o-Year Paris & Labor Warranty!

$3997.00

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