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The Campus Affairs Journal ofthe Unive~sity of Mich'igan

December 1, 1993

Dude Hails Manufactured Culture BY JAMES

ROBERTS,

these peoples can succeed, can achieve their goals." The Mandate, "is yet anHE UNlVERSI'IY OF MICHIother step" to make this goal a reality. gan is "an institution fOWlded The consensus among those adminfot the people, by the people, to istrators attending the meeting was serve the people. n Its purpose is "to that the U- M has made significant provide education of the highest posprogress in this effort toward campussible quality, but to a far broader segwide diversity. "The num'ment of our society." So said James bers we see today/' Duderstadt, President of the UniverDuderstadt proclaimed , sity of Michigan, during a one-hour "are as encouraging as seen seminar held on November 16 in the on any college campus in Michigan Union. With several other America today." The statishigh-ranking U-M administrators in tics to which Duderstadt reattendance, the meeting served as an ferred are the significant update on the progress of the Michigan increases in ~ority enMandate, U-M's effort to increase mirollment at the U-M nority enrollment, thus creating a more throughout the past five diverse campus. years. The percentage ofmiExplaining why he believes the norities on campu,s has grown from implementation of the Mandate five 15.4 percent five years ago to nearly 23 years ago was, and still is, necessary, percent this year. This percentage Duderstadt echoed a fonner U-M presimarks an all-time high of minorities at dent. citinlZ «Mich.i~n's long commit· . the U- M. Although Duderstadt proudly ment to providing an uncommon edu- i state d that "the numbers reflect the cation to the common'man/' 'This; he commitment" that the U7M: ,~s o:u\de stated, is the ideal that the U-M sought in regards to diversity, he and the rest to embody upon its founding in 1817. of the administrators present stressed Duderstadt, however, also indithat additional progress is essential to cated that "the common man at that the future of the University. time [1817) referred primarily to ecoAlthough increasing the minority nomic class. n That is, the "common man" representation on campus is one imheld a rather narrow definition throughportant goal of the Michigan Mandate, out much of the l~st 175 years. ReDuderstadt explained that its ultimate goals are far more profound: "to reflect cently, "the University has broadened that definition to serve increasingly in the nature of our people the rich 'diversity of our society," as well as "to broader groups in our society: women, racial minorities, students of other narecognize that the college campuses of today are the crucibles in which the tions." Despite this effort,Duderstadt warned that "opening our doors to multicultural/multiracial world culbroader classes of people is not suffitures of the 21st century will be fonned." cient because many of these groups Indeed, the U- M's "job today is to educate students [to be] world citizens for have experienced oppression and have the 21st century." By increasing the been disadvantaged culturally, eco· nomically, [and) socially in American diversity of students, faculty, staff, leadership, and curriculum on campus, the society.n To counter these disadvanMichigan Mandate seeks to capture a tages, "the University has taken steps myriad of cultures, creating a microover the years to transform itself not simply to attract students, faculty, and cosm of the world on the U-M campus. In doing so, the U-M hopes "to prepare staff of far broader segments of society, students to move out into a far more but to provide an environment in which

I Feel Your Pain

Jay McNeill says goodbye to the Review.

From Suite One

It's CRISP time again, and LSA counseling is in serious need f some Quidance.

complex world." Throughout much of the seminar, the administrators celebrated the increases in minority enrollment as a vital step toward the Mandate's effort to achieve campus diversity. Yet this reliance upon statistics as being a gauge of success reveals the misguided simplicity of the Mandate. By concentrating on such superficial characteristics as race, the U-M is viewing students in a collective manner, arranging them into specific groups. The U-M is, thus , deemphasizingthetruediversifying agent of our society. individuality. Only by focusing upon traits more profoWld and important than race - one's individual mind - will true diversity arise .. Since attending college is an opportunity to explore that which is unknown,

the Michigan Mandate's effort to offer additional courses regarding lesser known cultures is, perhaps, a benevolent goal. This particular initiative, along with any argument concerning affirmative action notwithstanding, the Mandate remains flawed in one important respect: it fails to address the actual origin of a culture. By attempting to create a multicultural society tlrrough the admissions process, the Mandate assumes that a centralized body can manufacture culture and then impose it on whomever it wishes. Yet culture does not stem from such a body; instead, the ideals, beliefs, values, and traditions of individuals defines a culture. Only by allowing the individual to live freely will true culture and diversity grow. By failing to recognize the importance of the individual in this cultural initiative, the U-M falls short in its effort to create "an Wlcommon education for the common man." m

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Fre,e Speech Debate Resurfaces

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debate. On September 20 of this year, Provost Gilbert R. Whitaker, Jr. announced University of Michigan President James Duderstadt's suspension of the Interim Policy on Discriminatory Harassment by Faculty and Staffin the University Environment as it applied to the academic setting. The retreat from this policy was due mainly to its overly broad language regarding discriminatory harassment. The remainder of the policy still applies in the context of employment, housing or University activities, discriminatory physical harassment, and sexual harassment by faculty and staff

BY Aruc TOSQUI AND KEvIN CcsTELLO

HE UNDERGRADUATE Political Science Association (UPSA) will confront the issue of free speech vs. hate speech in its upcoming Jack L. Walker Memorial Conference in March. Each year, UPSA holds a conference on various issues which hold relevant importance throughout the campus community and society in general. Past conferences have discussed such issues as the homeless, the arms race, communism, and the role of politics in abortio;n. This year's conference will feature some of the foremost thinkers on the subject of free speech. This issue, spurred by a few recent events, has, once again, found itself at the forefront of contemporary

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Take a tour of the Motor City with Detroit's finest.

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Reviews

Reviews of the latest by Stephen Hawking and Robert Jordan,

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o SERPENT'S TOOTH

December 1,1993

THE \ 1IelliG -\\ RE\ lEW

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The Campus Affairs Journal of the University of Michigan 'Secession is a Right, Not a Privilege'

Bill Clinton recently said that he hoped that by the end ofrus term, all handguns would be outlawed. Face it, America: Your president is a fascist. Bernie Smilovitz is leaving Channel 4 after seven years. No more Bernie's Bloopers. No more Geek of the Week. No more little crut-chats with Mort and Carmen. No more rapping with the cameraman. No more Weekend at Bernie's. On the other hand, now Channel 4 viewers can get some sports news. There is still much debate about whether or not the people amnting ballots for the recent Michigan Student Assembly (MSA) elections were drinking, and whether or not the ballot amnt was valid. Who really cares? 'The problems of Michael Jackson continue to mount. According to a Detroit News article, he recently fired several ofrus security guards allegedly because they knew too much about Michael's exploits with young men. Maybe

Michael should just make an appointment to see Dr. Kevorkian and truly do something to benefit the world. The Detroit News recently introduced us to David Kittrell, a 10 year--{)ld Detroit r esident and perhaps America's youngest sexist. Said Kittrell of his recent trip to Disney World to meet Hillary Clinton, "I wish I .could have asked her about TV violence and what she'd do about it. But I'm not mad. My questions would have been too hard for her and I didn't want to embarrass her. The President should answer tho se questions."

Congratulations to the University of Michigan football team on their thorough dismantling of the Ohio State Buckeyes. Now, if John Cooper only coached every B~ Ten team, Michigan would never lose a conference game again. 'The University has announced plans to build a bell tower on North Campus

similar to the Burton Bell Tower located next to Hill Auditorium. Rumor has it that the tower is being built to give engineering students a convenient place to jump. MSU offensive tackle/tight end Bob Denton commenting on the Spartans' 38-37 loss to Penn State, "We gave up a 20-point lead today. We must be snakebitten." No, Bob, your team just sucks. Bill Clinton recently suggested that the government pay companies $5000 for each welfare recipient they hire. Yeah, right. Maybe he should strive for a more attainable goal, like free health care for everyone in America. Rap star Ice--T was quoted by the De-

troit News as saying, "Rapping is verbal gymnastics; it's making vocals an instrument. With rock, you just try to get the point across." Actually, Ice, rap is just a lame excuse for shouting inanities at the top of your lungs over an oppresively loud electronically gener~ atedbass beat while generiillymaking an ass of yourself. Bill Clinton, in a Rolling Stone magazine interview , recently said, "I have fought more damn battles here for more things than any president has in 20 years with the possible exception of Reagan's first budget and not gotten one damn bit of credit from the knee-jerk liberal press. I am sick and tired of it, and you can put that in the damn article."

JUST JOIN IT

In the November 29 issue of the Daily, LSA sophomore Kenneth Swinkin writes: "We should strive for the abolition, or at least the de-emphasizing, of . the formal grading system ... A person's success should be measured by the amount of eagerness and willingness one has, without superficial tokens of accomplishment such as grades." Fine. Weare hereby eager and willing to have Kenneth and all those like him leave campus and let the rest of us compete.

The Michigan Review will be hosting a mass meeting for all interested students on January 23, 1994, at 7:00 p.m., on the third floor of the Michigan League. Mark your calendars now!

LEITERS to the Editor should be typed and include a phone mimber where the author can be reached. They can be sent to our office in the Michigan League or they can be forwarded electronically to "The Michigan Revi~~"@um_cc .~~ch·E;d':l

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Tracy Robinson PUBLISHER: Aaron Steelman EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Jay D. McNeill CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: Eddie Arner, Nate Jamison James A. Roberts II, Brian Schelke

- - - - -- _ ._-ASSISTANT EDITORS: Rachel Cardone, Anc Tosqui MUSIC EDITORS: Chris Peters, Drew Peters COpy EDITOR: Gene Krass CARTOONIST: Terry Lorber CIRCULA TION DIRECTOR: Eric Larson SYSTEMS ANALYST: Milch Rohde MTS COORDINATOR: James Elek EDITORIAL STAFF: Andrew Brown, Mke Burns, Kevin Costello, Joe Epstein, Frank Grabowski, Chauncey Hitchcock, Crusty rvtlncher, Yawar Murad, Greg Parker, Jason Pasatta, Ben Pergament, Matt Rechtien, Howard Roark: ArcMec~ Kevin Schaffer, TS Taylor, Perry Thompson, Andy Wu, Yoda PUBLISHER EMERITUS: Andrew Bockelman EDITOR-AT-LARGE: Tony Ghecea EDITORS EMERITI: Adam DeVore, John J. Miler, Jeff Muir, Marc Selinger The Mchigan Review is an independent, bi-weekly student-run journal at the University 01 Michigan. We nerther sokn nor accept monetary donations from the University of Mchigan, and we have no respect for anyone that does. Contributions to the Mchigan Review are tax-deductible under Section 501 (c)(3) 01 the Internal Revenue Code. We also have no respect for the IRS, or anyone else who steals your money. The Review is nol affiliated wtth any political party, A&W Restaurants, Bobby Gee's, or any other place d~ otoorformereditol's.lfyou're readJllg 1tIis; you have too much time on your hands, Corey.

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Unsigned ed~orials represent the opinion of the editoriat board. Ergo, they are unequivocably cOllect and just.. You needn~ attempt to disprove the logic that went into their formation, lor you cannot Signed articles and cartoons represent the opinions of the author and not necessarily those 01 the Review. The opinions presented in this publi· cation are not necessarily those of the advertisers or the University 01 Michigan. We welcome letters aoo articles and encourage comments about the journal and issues discussed in it We also accept cash, check, and n¥Jney orders. Please address all subscription inquiries to: Circulation Director clo the Mchigan Review. All advertising inquiries should be directed to: Publisher c/o the Mchigan Re view. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES: SUITE ONE 9t 1 N. UNIVERSITY AVENUE ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-1265

. WED LIKE TO REMIND YOU THAT THE UNCENSORED CONTENT OF THIS NEWSPAPER IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CONSTIlUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. THE CONSTITIITION The words we live ~

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December 1, 1993

ThE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o I FEEL YOUR PAIN I'm OutfaHere, Baby BY JAY

McNEILL

HIS IS PROBABLY THE LAST piece I'll ever write for the Review. I am supposed to write a retrospective column about my years at this publication; some sort of touchyfeely "Oh-l-wish-l~idn't-have-t.o-go. I' ve- learned-so- m uch-here . 1'11never-forget- this-place" emotionfilled pile of crap. Forget it. I've been reminiscing about my experiences at the Rev"i€w for a couple of months now. You see , the past few months have been recruiting season at the business school and without fail, each corporate interviewer I had would inevitably tlll1l. our conversation to the Review. "So, how did you get involved with the Michigan Rev"i€w?" they would all ask. Each time I would search my brain for the standard "Michigan Rev"i€w Answer" and out would come: "Well, during my first week on campus my freshman year, I picked up a copy of the Review, read it, liked what I saw, and joined in January. I think I've learned more at the Review than I have anywh ere else during m y time at Michigan. It has truly been a rewarding experience for me." "How so?" This was the tough part. I would like to have said something to the effect of, "Well, I have learned what a disgusting institution government is. Because of the Review, I now think that the bureaucrats in Lan~ing and in Washington are among the most revolting and immoral individuals alive today. They live off the sweat of the brows of others. They arrogantly pass their labor, environmental, and civil rights legislation on to business as if they view themselves as the only avenue of jus tice in this country. What a joke. "The Review has taught me that Republicans are just as 'much to blame for this governmental morass. I used to be a typical reactionary Republican, believing that the GOP could do no wrong. But after watching Bob Dole compromise on health care and watching Orrin Hatch vote 'yea' on Ruth Bader Ginsburg, I find myself just as turned off from the GOP as I am from the Democratic, er, Democrat Party. Maybe even more so. At least the Dems aren't afraid to stick up for their beliefs. "I've also learned that the justice system in this country is a total crock. And I'm not talking about the Rodney Jay D. McNeill is a senior in business administrotion and executive editor of the Review. 4 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

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King, Reginald Denny, or Malice Green cases. I'm ~lking about a fl.mdamental flaw in our system, specifically the justices who rule the courts . Instead of interpreting the law as written , these judges aetas a bunch of self- appointed saviors to the American people and

odd group of people. On the one hand , dollar in mind, I usually maneuvered a nice cryptic answer "Well, the official our st aff consists of a bunch of biblethumping, God- fearing, flag-waving, campus newspaper is the Michigan do-gooder Christians. Then there are Daily. We are the alternative to them. people like me, P.J . O'Rourke RepubliWe come out once every two weeks and have a press run of about 10,000 copcans; we believe in loud music, speedies. " ing on the Interstates, union- busting, Kennedy assa ssins, corporate That was usually enough information for us to move on to a different raiders , the almighty dollar , subject, and I'd breathe a sigh of relief, Darth Vader, making fun of anibecause the fact is I'm sick of the Remals because they have no ability to reason, and the beauty of view. I'm sick of working for it and nuclear power. talking about it. Yes, I have received from the Rev"i€w a view of the world not 'The Review as a whole, however, is relatively united. We're fOlUld anywhere else at this university, but I've been here for over three years against speech codes, affirmative and I'm ready to move on to something action, Michigan State, losers who cry to the government for help, else. I know past editors have felt [sic!!!] losers who work in the governthe same way toward the end of their ment and actually attempt to help careers here. I'll never forget the look those who cry for help, and anyformer editor-in~efBrian Jendryka thing that the U-M administraSorry, son. I'm officially retired from the Review. had on his face as he officially handed tion does. We're in favor of rugover his duties to his successor. It was ged individualism, equality before the decide, based on their own views of a look of happiness, excitement, and morality which laws are to be enforced law, judges who interpret the law as glee. But most of all, it was a look of written, Ronald Reagan, free markets, and which are not. It's- a complete farce. low taxes, and the Wall Street Joumals relief. "'The Rev"i€w has taught me to be a You should see my face as I write Social Darwinist, too. I don't think there ~torial page." should be Social Security, Medicare, But once again, with the almighty this last sentence. Ml. Medicaid, farm subsidies, or any other form of . gQv~nuneQ.tal:w:elfa,re p!l,y ~ ments. Nor do Hhlnkwell ofprivatE( charity groups. People involved in them are wasting their time. They should be spending time on making themselves more productive. I say screw people who can't compete in the free market; they're not worth my time or anyone else's energy. I hope your organization doesn't involve itself in charity work, because if it does, I refuse to work for you. "Finally, because of the Review, I no longer use the words 'feel,' 'fair,' or 'free.' They're a disgrace to reason." Yes, I would have like to have said that, but I wan~d a job, too. So I usually just skirted the question altogether: [SSG" Ie "Well, the Review has improved my writing skills tremendously. I spend a good portion of my time in the office either editing or writing, so I'm constantly being exposed to different writing styles and techniques. I've probably learned more about writing from the editing process than I have from actually writing because editing forces you to step back from a piece and analyze it from a distance. You don't have that luxury when you write." "So what exactly is the Review?" they would ask. Another toughie. I'd loved to have THAN A BOOKSTORE answered: "We were founded in 1981 because the Michigan Daily, the offi549 East University· 662-3201 cial campus newspaper, was being run Mon-Frl9 to 6 Sat 9:30 to 5 Sun Noon to 4 by a bunch of comtnunists. We're lfIl

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September 8, 1993

MICHIGAN REVIEW

o FROM SUITE ONE

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LSA Counseling .Needs To Be Revamped s CRISP TIME COMES AND GOES, IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THERE are many needless hassles which students endure - hassles which usually go unnoticed and uncorrected. one such problem concerns the University of Michigan's academic counseling services. Students seldom need to use counselors for purposes other than CRISPing, and by that time, it is often too late for them to get help. In the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, one must navigate a bureaucratic quagmire in order to get anything accomplished. Granted, this is a huge university, one of the largest in the country. But this is also the 90s. We have entered the age of computers. Why is it, then, that the red tape involved in the registration process is longer than the Freedom Trail? It is extremely difficult for students to secure appointments in the period of time before and during CRISP. 'The lines outside of Academic Counseling are often more than fifty persons long. Students are not allowed to ask counselors questions over the phone, a perplexing fact which further limits their access to counselors . In addition, the simple task of obtaining a counselor's signature in order to CRISP makes life extremely stressful for students in the Honors program. The Academic Counseling Office's hours run from 8:15a.m.-11:45a.m . and Ip.m.-4:3Op.m., Monday through Friday; from 11:45-1:00, the office closes for lunch. For many students, these hours are tremendously inconvenient. That need not be the case. Simply staggering the lunch breaks of the thirty general counselors, for example, would allow more time to accomodate·a greater number of students. Academic Counseling could also consider extending holll'S and possibly adding BOme week-end hours to its schedule. . More importantly, however, only thirty counselors serve all the freshmen, the sophomores who have not declared a major, and any jUniors and seniors with general questions. 'IllirtY counselors are obviously not sufficient to accomodate the large number of students which that ijgure encompasses, all of whom must CRISP for courses. While the prospect of the .Univer1!lity hi.ringmo~ p~QPl~ m~Y: in:e~ fattening the U-M bureaucracy even more, it seems only reasonable that U-M admissions should somehow secure more counselors to handle the CRISP- time load. Concentration advising appointments , however, often make general counseling appointments appear easy. DepartInents such as economics and biology do not have their offices in Angell Hall, which forces students to play musical buildings in order to check their standings. No student should have to go to each department to decipher a rather conf\lsing system without help. Furthermore, all the pertinent infonnation about a student'g 'academic record is contained a single copy of a single file. If this copy is lost, the student will face obvious difficulties. Dealing with counselors is all too often an ingratifying, if not fruitless experience. One doubts what purpose certain counselors really serve. One counselor advised a freshman to take 18 credits her first semester. When that same freshman returned later in the semester for advice about dropping a class, a second counselor told her that her previous counselor was crazy to advise a freshman to take 18 credits. When different counselors disagree over wha t should be clearly-determined questions, and counselor assignment is completely random , there is a definite problem with the system. When students suffer as a result of such poor advice, the University fails them. Counselors are supposed to counsel and help students. Yet many students believe that they are totally on their own when it comes to academic problems. When students need real advice, such as whether or not to withdraw from a class , they need support. They do not need to watch their problems land on deaf ears, or simply get a withdraw slip, and have the problem considered solved. There needs to be more communication between the various departments and academic advisors . There should be a faster way of updating student files , especially concerning the English Composition Board and foreign language requirements. There needs to be a stronger sense of individuality, despite the size of this campus. A good computer system and a better- trained staff would solve most of these problems. One student in the Honors program reflected that the secretary, Beverly Blake, was more helpful in many situations than the counselors themselves. These bureaucratic problems would not be that hard to solve. Students have enough on their minds, especially with final exams and the holidays creeping up, without having to encounter building hopping, more long lines, and seemingly useless paperwork. Mt '

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o FROM OUR READERS Real Radicals at the Michigan Review? To the Editor: When you say, "Patrice Maurer, Catherine MacKinnon, Corey Dolgan, and all their radical counterparts;" (Review , October 20, 1993) you imply : that Maurer, MacKinnon, and Dolgan are not radicals. I suspect you mean "radical brethren, " or "fellow radicals," or some such. , , . ~ a more p~~~vel n~te, rm glad

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to see you've finally erased that awful slogan "We are the Establishment" from your masthead and replaced it with such commendable sentiments as "We hate the State" and "Anarchy is not chaos." Perhaps you are the real radicals , eh?

Jesse Walker Class of '91

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December 1, 1993

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o GET REAL

Bowing De>wn to Sports BY

ToNY GHECEA

TS SATURDAY AFTERNOON , around 100 p.m ., and I have to make the choice again. Do I write this column, or watch football? Homework has always been my top priorit y, but an hour or two of college sports would be so soothing to my courseworkra. va ged soul . I have alre ady turned down t wo opportunities t.o play sports toda y. I planned to play basketball with friends on North Campus this morning, but this column killed that endeavor Another group of friends asked me to play football at noon , but I had to excuse myselffrom that game as well. Television sports, however, turn me into a spectator - they call for no more energy or time than that required to lift and press a remote. They offer the excitement of athletic entertainment without the strain of physical exercise, all in the comfort of my living room. And with a remote on the table before me , how can I resist? Yet I do. This is not a new dilemma for me. It is not a conflict I can easily resolve. On this particular afternoon I choose the lack- of-concentra tion comprom ise : I procrastinate .. I put James Brown in the stereo and toss a few lines at this column onto a page . But the desire to sat.e my savor for sports is too gr ea t. I have fought the good fight, valiantly, but in the end I must succumb . Saturday is Michigan's Sabbath. Saturday is when Michigan fans m ake a Hajj . Saturday hHhe day that over 100,000 souls undertake their pilgrimage to worship at Michigan Stadium. The mass they come for is football . The sermon is the final score. I am a keeper of the faith. Our creed is not hard to learn. Faith, hope, and charity and the greatest of these is football . To visit our churcp-, you'll need a Michigan sweatshirt, a Michigan cap, and 80 dollars for a student season ticket. A cowbell is optional, but recommended, as it will accord you the status of a church elder - he who clangs the cowbell leads the chants. Provided you have brought your ticket, men in maize and blue raincoats will usher you to your place of worship. By no means are you bound to stay there - Michigan is a charismatic church, so we'll let you sit where you like. Just make sure you aren't caught in the wrong spot - your fellow worshippers can get awfully angry if denied their rightful space.

Tony Gh€coo is a senior in English and editoT'-at-large of the Review.

New initiates should know our he's right. Sports - for me, for my songs of exultation. "Hail to the Vicfriends, for most Americans - are an tors" is our primary song, followed by idol, something with more importance "Let's Go Blue" (both sung with orchesin our lives than just about anything tral accompaniment). "Defense" and else. Sometimes more than God. The answer I usually hear when I ''Bulls-t'' are commonly recited chants, as is the terse exhortation, "Go Blue." make this criticism - and it is a critiThis last chant, each cism, for the term word of which is u t "idol" implies the tered in tlUl1 by a difmisplacement of ow' ferent group of50,OOO spiritual priorities parishioners , is rousis that television, not ing, to say the least sports , is our probIf you are lucky, lem. We're a genera you may witness a tion of couch potatoes, miracle in our church. goes the response. Yet Ma ny great exploits while that may be h a ve cro ss e d ou r tDle , it's besid e the stage, from last-secpoint. We have sports ond touchdowns to channels , sports re. goal-line stands . caps, sports-casters, "Forget the game. I'm off to pray." Many prophets have centers, and stations, entered the afterlife, the NFL, after sports replays , sports sections, sports gracing our pulpit. Perhaps you will see simulcasts, cards, and statistics. I could say more, but you'd get sick. Maybe you the incarnation ofll Lord of the Maize and Blue. It is, to be sure, an epiphany already are. Television is only the carnot to be missed. rier; sports are the disease. Sports are not simply an American pastime. They are the national religion. 111ey contain a ll the excitement, entertainment, and revelation that organized religion, with its cold pews, doctrinaire sennons , and dated spirit ual dogma lacks . One need look no further than the nwnber of people involved in each pursuit to see where the hearts of Americans truly lie . A game by the last- place Detroit Tigers draws at least 15,000 fans , while three Sunday masses at the average Catholic church are fortunate to attract a total of 300. Consider that churchgoers don't even have to pay to attend their service, and the picture looks even worse. It is no coincidence that most sporting events occur on Saturdays or Sundays, the two main holy da ys of most near-Eastern faiths. These are days of relaxation, days set aside for the cessation of work and indulgence of spirit. Saturday and Sunday, however, have been commandeered by sports, redefmed as the high holy days of football, basketball, baseball , and golf. Like many Americans, when the weekend comes I put a stop to all my labor and observe the nearest game . On the few occasions when I'm home with my parents (and under the gaze of parental scrutiny) my father will scold me for watching sports. "He's watching his god again," he'll warn my mother, "He put his idol on TV again." My father is a deeply spiritual man. For him, nothing comes before God. Yet even as I tell him to bug off and leave me alone, I cannot avoid realizing that

It is 6:00 p.m. on Saturday evening. I have spent the day watching football

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once again. This column lies unfinished on the table before me. I want to work on it, but I don't I remember a quote which Edward Gibbon cites to Bede in Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Bede describes the ancient Coliseum of Rome: "'As long as the Coliseum stands, Rome sha ll stand; when the Coliseum falls , Rome will fall ; when Rome falls, the world will fall .... The Coliseum, home to gladiators, the Roman circus, to so many forms of Roman entertainment, was so intertwined with the life of Rome that its death necessarily precipitated the demise of one of the greatest civilizations the world has..ever known Comparisons between America and Rome always haunt me. Is Rome's example a blemish in the mirror of history which we would do well to avoid reflecting? Does Rome's fatal preoccupation with sports and mass entertainment forebode some time in our future when sports will, as with our Roman forebears, be the death of us? It sounds far-fetched, to be sure. Whether it's true, I really don't know. And I don't think I want to know. The parallel seems too troubling t o consider.m

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December I, 1993

MICHIGAN REVIEW

o EsSAY

An Average.Night In Detroit BY Aruc TOSQUl

E'VE GROWN UP WITH Charlie's Angels, Adam-12, C.H.I.P.S., Barney Miller, I;lawaii Five-O, Hill Street Blues, Starsky and Hutch, Magnum P.I., Baretta, Highway Patrol, Kojak, and Dirty Harry. Each provides a view of police life. But are these mediums realistic interpretations? In the last issue of the Review, I spoke of my experiences with the University of Michigan's Department of Public Safety (DPS). Since then, I have attempted to broaden my understanding of police life by observing a more mature force - the Detroit Police. At 3:47 p.m., on November 23, I \ anived at the 4th Precinct, located on West Fort. This precinct has the largest jurisdiction in the entire Detroit police force - from Junction to the Detroit River, Michigan Avenue to Warren, Outer Drive on the West side, Allen Park, Ecol13e, and Melvendale. This area is plagued with gang violence, drugs, and prostitution. That night, I would be accompanying car 48, patrolling from 4p.m. to 12 a.m ...rrhis precinct also covers the most dangerous parts of the city. Not only would I observe a very turbulent area, but I would accompany two experienced officers who had a lot to offer to my observations. Jerry Packard was the senior officer escorting me on my ride. He is 47 years old and has been a member of the force for 23 ye~.rs. His partlter that evening was Paul JOI\es, 32 years old, with 8 years of experience. The events I will describe are as real as life itself and are not uncommon to the ~troit police. In fact, these events Aric Tosqui is ajunior in political sci路 ell{:e and communication and an assis路 tant editor of the Review.

occur daily in the city in these forgotten lower-middle and lower class neighborhoods. Out of sight, Out of mind. "'The neighborhoods live in fear. The people sleep in their basements and have hood attachments on their doors and windows to deflect bullets," Packard said. "But it is all normal to them, and they cannot afford to move out. This is the only place they know. Many were born here, lived their lives here, and will die here." This description, along with common sense will tell you that the activities in Detroit are much different than those in the U-M community. Detroit has a huge gang problem ; Ann Arbor does not. Detroit is 'plagued with violence; Ann Arbor is not. The Detroit police can't handle the full magnitude of crime; the DPS often has to wait for something to happen. At 4:15 p.m. we received a call about a family dispute. When we arrived, the situation was under control. A woman's niece had been causing trouble in the household. As she was asked to leave, the niece became violent and tried tostab her aunt. The family ganged up on her and forced her to leave. We left the scene at 4:30 p.m. At 4:40 we checked on a handicapped man who someone reported mssing for four days . Neighbors we questioned told us that they had seen him a day earlier. We left at 5:30. At 6:30 p.m., after patrolling for a while, we arrived at an accident scene. We transported the man who caused the accident by driving under the influence. Unfortunately, his children were passengers in one of the vehicles involved in the accident. While there were no fatalities , the kids were injured. One little girl almost lost her eye. Following his arrest and subsequent transport to the station, he un路 derwent a breathalyzer test As it turned out, his blood-alcohol level was .29%,

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almost three times the legal limit. At about 7:10 p.m. we went to a gang hangout recently raided by the narcotics team. Packard searched the premises while Jones stood guard at the entrance. We left at 7:20. Around 7:25 p.m., we happened upon a scene where members of the Cash Flow Posse gang were arguing on someone's lawn. We twned the comer, went down one block; then turned down an alley. Driving through the alley, I contemplated the gang problem in Detroit. Kids young and old are in gangs. They join for a sense of belonging. If you are in a neighborhood, you are generally in the local gang. It is a form of protection for individual survival. It is also a form of recreation for the kids - after all, there is nothing else for them to do outside of schooL My thoughts were interrupted as a loud gunshot rang out. The squad zipped around the comer and proceeded back to the house. We discovered that a gang member had fIred .a shotgun at another, but missed. After the situation was under control, we left. At 8:00 p.m ., we , along with five other squad cars, set up surveillance on a known drug dealer who is wanted for shooting at a police officer. As the perpetrator came out of the house, police surrounded the scene and arrested him. 50 minutes later, we responded to a call signifying a hold-up at a local party store. After arriving, the store owner said that his young son accidentally triggered the silent alarm. We left the premises at 9:00. 'The officers wanted me to understand what exactly occurs in the city. They showed me things you don't see on C.O.P.S . or any other police-oriented show. This is the scene that the media hides from the public and that the government tries to keep as quiet as possible. During the evening we visited a "smoke-house." These are usually located across the street from crack houses, and are used by the chug dealer's customers to use their new purchases. As I entered this vile place, the stench overwhelmed me. Inside I saw about ten people, all strung out on heroin, crack, and cocaine. There were syringes, crack pipes, dime bags, and mirrors everywhere. 'The people looked bad; they were dressed poorly and had diseased-looking skin. Afterwards, I was told that all of the women in the place were prosti-

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tutes. One was only 15 years old! Prostitution is quite prevalent in the city. At least half of the prostitutes are HIV positive, and most use drugs. Pimps have been replaced by "spotters" who look after the prostitutes. Some prostitutes not only sell their bodies to others, but also engage in mugging. For example, when truckers come down Michigan Avenue and rest, prostitutes take advantage. 'The truckers utilize their services and while they are engaged, a spotter opens the cab door, only to put a gun to the back of the lillSUSpecting victim's head. The set-up is great for the muggers; the victims cannot report what happened without admitting to illegal behavior. This adds another burden to the heavy load the police have to carry. Not only do they have to watch for drug flow and gang violence, but prostitution as well. Coupled with this is the notion of gangs controlling the prostitutes and running the schemes. It is as if the understaffed police don't have enough on their hands. Later, we responded to an assault and battery call. After reaching the residence where the incident took place, the lady of the house claimed that the situation was under control. After leaving the premises , we heard a gunshot from a different location. As we went to the scene, more shots rang out, but these were not handgun or shotgun shots; these were the sounds of a different kind of weapon. After arriving on the scene, we discovered that someone was flring a machine gun. At 1010 p.m ., we were tipped off about crack being sold at a nearuy house. As we went to the scene, Packard noticed the dealer outside with his drugs. After a small chase and a search, I was permitted to enter the dwelling. Once again, the same repugnant stench reached my olfactory senses as I walked into the building. I saw the most disgusting conditions that I have ever seen. 'The sink was filled with vile objects and the kitchen was disheveled. The police arrested the individual and questioned him. 'The man refused to answer anything and asked for his lawyer. He had 51 heat-sealed packets of crack and $770 dollars in cash on him, probably having made that in six hou.rs. He was 18 years old. After bringing the youth back to the station, the officers were swamped

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with paper work and the night ~e to . I learned much from that ride and the escorting officers. I gained some knowledge and experience in a life which is kept quiet. This experience made me think critically about the criminal justice system. First, it gave insight into training procedures. Clearly, the DPS police have the superior training, but what good is it ifit isn't put to use? Moreover, what good is it ifit's not accompanied with experience? Years of training cannot teach what can be learned in a short time on patrol in a city like Detroit. "The officers," Jones said, "develop a sixth sense that comes not only with repetition, but paying attention to what . you are doing." These officers see the same things day after day: shootings, robberies, and deatJl. Nor can the officers be lazy. They have to pay attention at all times. If they don't, they could end up dead. It is true that the Detroit police force is lacking in training, but what alternative is there? The department is so understaffed and busy on the street that there is no time to spare five to seven officers for a week of training. I also learned about the problems bureaucracies cause. Why is it that

a close.

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

officers spend an hour or two in the • and trained, all paid for by the taxpay-station instead of on the road? The"· "ps. But what happens to the family answer is paperwork, and lots of jt. that is burglarized during Christmas After every arrest or citation, there is a time? What happens to the families ton of bureaucratic paperwork to fill that are held up or victims of car out and file. jackings? What happens to them? Oh Moreover, with an increase in well. Sorry. We1l put the criminal away crimes and arrests comes an increase and spend $30,000 of your dollars per in caseloads for pubyear to support him. lic defendants. Thus, The Malice a "court-clog" is creGreen incident also ated in which some put a dent into the cases are not considDetroit police force. ered to be important I am not belittling and are therefore Green's death, but I thrown out. think citizens' reacAdditionally, tions to his death there is a problem dealt a serious blow with the liberal ideto law enforcement. ology of the legalsysMoreover, the tem as a whole. The community's recourts seem to consponse was overcentrate on the whelming. They rights of the crimi.erected a shrine in nal without considhis memory. What ering the rights of about the police killed in the line of the victim and the Excuse me while I flog that jaywalker. whole of society. duty? As I saw the RIPs painted on the, When people are in jail, they make money everyday. They actually get paid walls and listened to the various stoa certain wage per day to sit in their ries Jones and Packard had to tell, I ...cells! Moreover, they are clothed, fed thought of the role of the police. three meals a day, housed, educated, Some say the police are a L '_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-

hinderance and don't perform their duty. Perhaps, but I wouldn't want to get rid of them. In fact, I would be willing to pay more to have more police patrolling. I would support increasing their pay - they deserve it. What our society and government lacks is respect for law enforcement. Some say that the departments brought this upon themselves, but what would happen if they were not around and \ your mere presence in a dangerous neighborhood would pose a threat to your life? Detroit is an example of a government that doesn't respond to the needs ofit's citizens. It forgot the lower class and it forgot the enforcers of the law. Hopefully, newly-elected mayor Dennis Archer will help fix the problem. Bringing in business will certainly help. Increasing the number of police officers will help. ( I saw things that are kept hidden from the public. It is time that such knowledge is brought out into the mjUnstream and acknowledged. Only then will society solve such problem~. m ..

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Continued from Page 1

This retreat, some argue, was inevitable due to the general scope of its content. This specific argument dates back to April 15, 1988, when the University Regents approved the controversial speech code governing verba! and physical behavior considered hahnful. In September of 1989, federal District Judge Avern Cohn declared this code unconstitutional. This, in turn, brougllt about the University's interim policy. Many thought that this policy, although more specific than its predecessor, was still too vague in assessing First Amendment protection. In 1991, President George Bush, speaking at commencement in Michigan Stadium, stated, "Freedom of speech is under assault throughout the United States" Speaking on the notion of political correctness, he went on to say, "it replaces old prejudices with new ones. It declares certain topics off-limits, certain expressions off~limits, even certain gestures off-limits. What began as a cause for civility has soured into a cause of conflict and even censorship." Both the speech code and the following interim policy attempted to regulate certain forms of expression in an attempt to provide a balanced educational environment. The University

claimed the right to limit hateful language and actions so as not to hamper the atmosphere for a quality education. U-M law professor Catharine MacKinnon has repeatedly argued that hate speech against minority groups denies them equal rights and, therefore, is not necessarily deserving of protection under the First Amendry.ent. The Supreme Court holds a much different opinion. On June 22, 1992, the Court unanimously ruled that a st. Paul, Minnesota ordinance, which made hate speech or bias crimes punishable by law, was unconstitutional. In the case R.A. V. v. St. Paul (in which a white teenager, Robert A. Viktora, burned a cross on the lawn of a black family), Justice Antonin Scalia, writing for the majority of the Supreme Court, stated, "The point of the First Amendment is that majority preferences must be expressed in some fashion other than silencing speech on the basis of its content." Soon after, the University found itself in a dilemma. Walter Harrison, Director of University Relations, told the New York Times shortly after the Supreme Court decision, ''The ruling is a matter of concern to us because some of the Court's opinion would invalidate part of our policy [sic]." As a public institution, the University of Michigan

is bound by such Constitutional provisions on speech. "The suspension was not a retreat from a fmn University position against discriminatory harassment," claimed Whitaker. He added that this kind of harassment was still prohibited by Regental Bylaw 14.06, which reads, "the University is committed to a policy of non-discrimination and equal opportunity for all persons regardless of race, sex, color, religion, creed, national origin or ancestry, age, marital status, sexual orientation, disability, or Vietnam-era veteran status." The bylaw was recently revised to include sexual orientation. Many question the University's ability to judge the constitution~ty of speech in its classrooms. Carl Cohen, U-M professor of philosophy, states, "But this is not within our constitutional authority; policing the speech, even of menial workers, is not our duty or our right; we ought to get. out of the business of regulating what people say, even if they say offensive things, and we ought to get out of that business completely. " Charles R. Eisendrath, associate professor of communication and director of the Michigan Journalism Fellows Program, concurrently states, "Living in a free society implies a willingness to

be insulted in the cause of an unfettered exchange ofinfbrmation. Because that is the raison d'etre of a university, we would do best to use the laws of common courtesy rather than enact codes." Many will be surprised to find that the free speech verses hate speech debate is far from polarized. In fact, many of the arguments overlap. For example, it is possible for one to agree that a policy which discourages hate or bias speech appropriate, and yet claim that the University's 1988 policy was too broad. This is the position held by Cass A Sunstein, a Law professor at the University of Chicago Law School. He stated in his recently published book, Democracy arld the Problem of Free Speech, that "the Michigan ban was far too broad". The provisional conclusion is that a public university should be allowed to regulate hate speech in the form of epithets, but that it should be prohibited from reaching very far beyond epithets to forbid the expression of views on public issues, whatever those views may be." The determination of the University to enact a clear ~d coherent policy, as well as the tenacity of the absolute free speech advocates to see such measures left on the table, are obvious signs that this debate i.e far from over.m

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

December 1, 1993

o CAMPUS EVENT

Clinton Health Plan Questioned BY RACHEL CAROONE

HEN YOU THINK OF prevailing issues in our society today, does health care come to mind? In a speech November 18 at the Modern Languages Building, Tom Scholl, Executive Director of the The Heartland Institute, a Michigan based think tank, claimed that health care is the country's most pressing prob-

Rachel Cardone is a freshman in LSA ami an assistant editor of the Review.

RESERYE

such systems, and they tend to be located in centralized areas. As a result, patients who live faraway have limited. access to major facilities. Additionally, there are long waits for treatment, and specialization among doctors is minimal. The quality of care decreases , and doctors have less incentive to perform well because there is no competition between them in the market. American culture differs from European and Canadian culture and, as a result, socialized health ca re would produce even worse results than what

lem in the minds of only one percent of all Americans. Why then, is nationalized health care so important to the Clinton administration? Under Clinton's proposed plan, the government would subsidize health care for the uninsured. Put simply, it means tha t the taxpayers would pay the bills for people who are not covered by their employers. Scholl presented an overview of the problems with socialized medicine. To start, fewer hospitals exist (proportionally) in countries that function under

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it has in countries such as Canada . Americans tend to place a great deal of emphasis on the first few days and last few years of a person's life. Americans tend to want braces, nose jobs, and life support. They tend to frequent chiropractorswhen they have back pains , and they tend to wait until there is a problem before getting it fixed, rather than preventing the problem in the first place. As a result, the amount of money spent on health care in America is greater tha n in other countries. The problem with our system , Scholl argued, exists in the government's mandates on employer's plans. These programs often include various items that can easily b e done without, like marriage counseling, drug treatment, and hair transplants. Studies that compare the United States to other nations are also fallacious, according to Scholl. There are fundamental issues pertaining to American society that such studies ignore. "An increase in drug use in this country," he said, '1eads to health~e problems. Addiction leads to other health problems." And, as he pointedly stated, by ma:kingdnlgs illega1;lpe'opl~ ' 'ar,e lesa likeIYttQ:he t;reated wnen they need it, which leads to the addiction. Scholl also mentioned teenage pregn a n cy as a major problem rela ted to health care. Children. of teens tend to have lower birth weights, smaller head size, and often, physical problems . Should the brunt o(the cost of health care be placed on the taxpayer? Scholl's stand was a defiant no. Rather, he suggested deregulation of the health care industry as a solution to its problems. Scholl expressed solid concerns about the passing of Clinton's yet to be released plan. With an ultimate increase in the size of government and a decrease in the quality of health care, the quality of life as we know it will suffer. Unless Americans are willing to change their habits and culture, the burden on the system could be devastating. m

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Views expressed by the hoi babes are not necessarily of those of the Review, but they should be. If you think this is for real then you don't deserve to be.t this university.

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December I, 1993

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o BOOK REVIEWS

Stephen Hawking Talks Science BY BRIAN ScHEFKE

TEPHEN HAWKING, PHYSIcist and author of the 1988 best seller, A Brief History of Time, presents us with more insight on the workings of the universe with Black Holes and Baby Universes. Unlike his

Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays Stephen Hawking Bantam Books Hardcover, 175 pages $21.95 previous book, Black Holes and Baby Univers€$ is a collection of essays and lectures spanning sixteen years of Hawking's career. Readers of this book will be struck by the differences between it and History. A significant portion is devoted to Hawking's personal life, childhood, and, of course, his experience with ALS (also known as Lou Gehrig's disease), which has disabled him physically. Hawking has remained hopeful in the face of ALS; he notes that it has not kept him: from being productive intellectually and that he is still alive despite predictions that the disease would have killed him long ago. Hl,lwking delves into topics he has not previously addressed. Particularly noteworthy is how science relates to the general public. Because science and I technology cannot be p~vented from changing the world, Hawking writes that "we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science." While there is widespread distrust of science, there still remains great interest in it. 'Ibis interest can be harnessed, according to Hawking, through proper education, so that informed deCisions about science can be made by the public and this distrust can be overcome. Naturally, most of the book covers Hawking's forte: theoretical physics. Hawking is inspired by an ambitious optimism, which is apparent when he writes, "I am hopeful that we will find a consistent model that describes everything in the universe." With ~ the rapid progress made in physics since the development of quantum theory in the 1920s, there is a temptation to

Brian &hefke is a senior in ceUuk.Lr and molecular biology and a contributing editor of the Review.

believe that there is an impending conof the universe. clusion to theoretical physics. HawkOne of the most informative chaping dismisses this notion by pointing ters of the book is entitiled The Quanout that even if current models of the tum Mechanics of Black Holes, in which universe survive their initial tests, "it Hawking describes the behavior of black will probably be some years more beholes in relation to quantum theory. fore we develop computational methMost people have heard of black holes, ods that will enable us to make predictions and ... account for the initial conditions of the universe." Hawking expounds on his ideas about the origin and the future of the universe. A major challenge for him has been to formulate a model of the universe that accounts for the existence of a "singularity" (commonly referred to . as the Big Bang) without Discovering the secrets of the universe the breakdown of the laws of physics. This is in direct contradiction to the traditional view of the Big Bang as a point in time in which laws ofphysice do break down. Hawking maintains that by conceiving of a suCCessful model of the origin of the universe, one will be able to make predictions for the future

the

but here Hawking provides clarification on just what black holes are and why they function in the manner they do. A surprising observation is that black holes emit particles. It was previously thought that since the gravitational pull of black holes is so strong, nothing could escape from them, which,

for the most part, is still true. Black holes, according to Hawking, have important implications in finding a "unified theory" to describe everything in the universe. Black holes may lead to alternative "baby universes" which can then rejoin with our own. 'Ibis may lead to increased uncertainty in predictions made by any potential "unified theory" and, hence, physicists may not be able to predict as much about the universe as they hope. The one major drawback of Hawking's newest book is that many of the essays and lectures are addressed toward fellow academics. The reader, therefore, might feel the need for some scientific background in order to understand many of the ideas Hawking describes. Most readers, therefore, might do well to read A BriefHistory of Time first, which Hawking intended as a "popular" science book. Nevertheless, Hawking makes an admirable effort at making his extremely complex field understandable. Those who want a closer look at Hawking the man, as well as his worlt, should not find Black Holes and Baby Universes wanting. Mt

Jordan ·Ddes~'Fan tasy BY EDDIE AHNER

HE FIRES OF HEAVEN IS the fifth book of Robert Jordan's epic series, The Wheel of Time. This novel, like its last two predecessors, is a New York Times bestseller and is typical of Jordan's exceptional work. The Fires of Heaven plunges deeper into the epic struggle between good and evil, and light and darkness. Rand al'Thor, the Dragon Reborn, is the one

The Fires of Heaven Robert Jordan Tor Books Paperback, 702 pages $24.95 prophecied to battle the Dark One and once again break the world as the Dragon and his companions did at the end of the Age of Legends. In this volume of the tale, Rand firms his hold on the Aiel and leads them across the Dragonwall to further his plans. Rand's

Eddie Amer is a senior in English and political science and a contributing editor of the Review.

difficulties with Moraine fade, but Aviendha and Egwene pose growing problem of a different source. Elaida do Avriny a'Roihan is now the Amyrlin Seat after leading the conspiracy to remove Siuan Sanche from that office. Elaida, however, is struggling for control in the White Tower and failing to keep pace with events. 'The Black Ajah, which serves the Dark One, still walks the halls of the Tower, and its leader is finally revealed to the reader. Siuan Sanche, former Amyrlin Seat, leads Min and Leane on a long journey in hopes of finding the Aes Sedai in exile. Siuan hopes to lead those Aes Sedai back to power, thereby gaining revenge against Elaida and helping Rand fulfill the prophecies. Siuan's plans are nearly ruined at Gareth Bryne's estate, however; this near disaster turns to her advantage even if she cannot yet see this fact. After thwarting the Black Ajah and restoring the Panarch of Tarabon, Elayne and Nynaeve begin their return journey to the White Tower. This journey, however, is diverted. by news of the rift within the White 'Ibwer. Moghedien, one of the Forsaken, is searching for

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them after she was defeated by Nynaeve in Thrabon. 'The animosity ofMoghedien toward Nynaeve and Birgitte climaxes with some tragic yet nonfatal results. N ynaeve vows revenge and the book ends with an opening for Nynaeve to achieve this vengeance. The rest of the Forsaken continue to plot against Rand and one another. Four of them plot together to defeat the Dragon Reborn, but their means and goals are not always what they appear to be. Rand works to counter the plans of the Forsaken and further his own. The results of these myriad plots are far from predictable. Robert Jordan has once again demonstrated that he is a master storyteller. He has far surpassed J.R.R. Tolkien's work in the area of fantasy epic. Jordan has created a completely believable world and his characters are among the best realized in fantasy literature. This story employs the normal epic devices along .with elements of Greek drama and Japanese concepts of honor, duty, and fate. The first five volumes of this epic have been outstanding and I will anxiously await the sixth and any succeeding volumes.

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

o BOOK REVIEW

December 1) 1993

Honest Compassion Defeats Poverty BY

TS TAYLOR

HAT QUICKLY STRIKES the reader of The Tmgedy of American Compassion is how the meaning of "compassion" has been perverted into a code word for extortion and denial Author Marvin Olasky tackles two problems which face every society to a greater or lesser degree, sooner or later: poverty and relief Poverty is not new; massively

The Tragedy of American Compassion Marvin Olasky Regentry Gateway Hardback, 299 pages

$21.95 distributed opulence is new. Individual wealth is so pervasive among such a high proportion ofAmerican societythat wealth is the new phenomenon in human history. Yet, poverty and an underelass still exist. The question is "what should we do?" Olasky states, "the answer is not blowing in the wind, nor is it ... like Alice in Wonderland. The answer is sitting on pages of old magazines and reports deep in the stacks of the Library of Congress." Even with me thousand ninety-fourfootnotes, Olasky brings those answers to contemporary America in a compact, necessary and understandable form. "Americans in urban areas acentury ago came up with truly compassionate solutions. Withou t this informed spirit tha t [only] historical \ID.derstanding can provide, the long debate abou t poverty in America [is at] an impasse.'The important thing to remember is that we must get involved in some way." We can "recapture the vision that changed lives a century ago when our concept ofcompassion was not so corrupt. " A particular advantage in this book is that both basic points of view about relief are examined internal, comm\ID.ity--<:ontrolled versus external, governmenkontrolled. There is a specific, dangerous competition between the two. Comm\ID.itycontrolled reliefhas a collected record of successes while government--<:ontrolled relief has the collectivist record of failure as America's societal experiment has been allowed to r\ID. awry. Olasky succeeds with no condemning tone, especially given the amount ofpointed material he has for sources. He does show however, how the "professional social workers"becam.e the bane ofa successful antipoverty operation as they got lost by not understanding values or" compassion. " He shows how the professional social workers' contribution to the destruction of vol\ID.tarism is an acknowledged but em-

TS Taylor i8 a computing consultant and a staff writer for the Review.

barrassing fact in social work history. Professional personnel blocked the success of vol\ID. teers in primary capacities in the early twentieth century with politicians firmly in tow. Thus arrived bureacuracy. "In short, the movement a way from personal action was easy when emphasis on cash already provided 'the ultimate in bureaucracy an anonymous public SUPPOlting anonymous machinery supporting anonymous clients."' Politicians fed the destructive alliance between themselves and the professional social worker with tax dollars. The early model of American compassion started immediately in 1620 with the Pilgrims' landing at Plymouth and that firsthorrid winteras sickness shrank their small group. William. Bradford commended the "6. or 7. sound persons" who "in ye times of most distress ... spared no pains night and day, but with abundance oftoyle and hazard oftheirowne health ... did all ye homly & necessarie offices for them." Further, ~t they did "all this willingly and cherfuly, without any grudging in ye least, shewing herein true love unto their friends & bretheren. " This early model rightly attached values to compassion such as the "decent living" described in the 1684 Scots' Charitable Society ruling tha t"no prophaneordiselut person, or openly scandelous shall have any pairt of pomone herein." Continuing into 1806, the New York Orphan Asylum Society rapidly grew to care for h\ID.dreds of orphans whose care and training were prescribed: "The orphan s shall be educated,fed and clothed at the expense of the Society and at the Asylum. They must have religious instruction, moral examples and habits of industry inculcated on their minds." An "asylum," 187 years ago, merelymeant a place of security, not much differentfrom today's battered women's shelter. Religious beliefs did \ID.derlie a majority of the community relief organizations with thorough representation of Protestants, Jews, Roman Catholics, Mormons as well as many non-denomina tional groups. The social thought of the time did not insist on equal treatment but rather customized assistance to individuals who hadunavoidable problems, particularly orphans and destitute pregnant women. Many, but not all, had charters which reflected the focus which Roman Catholic women in Baltimore used in 1827 to provide assistance to those "of all denominations, ages, sexes, and colours." In New York, the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism printed in its annual reports from 1818 through 1824 a list of ten causes ofpauperism whichbeginswith ignorance, idleness and intemperance (personal failings), and ends with "charities that gave away money too freely." The "easy subsidy" was viewed "as destructive

both morally and materially." Twenty- three Boston charities declared in 1835 the commonality that it is "disgraceful to depend upon alms-giving, as long as a capacity of self-support is retamed" which led to their agreement that relief should not be given until after "personal examination of each case" and "not in money, but in the necessaries required in the case." Olasky acknowledges that twentiethcentury historians have a point •• when they criti-

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and brothers ." From these early models and into the 1980s, Olasky clarifies the social Darwinist threat, proving social Darwinism wrong, the New Deal, the heartbreak of the 1960s, identifying the Seven Marks of Compassion (alphabetically, A-G). As he concludes with pu tting compassion into practice and applying, history, Olasky succeeds with a refreshingly non-condeming tone, especially given the directly pointed material he has for sources, The Tragedy of

"U1ze ultimate m bureaucracy:

an anonymous public sun portn ing anonymous machinenJ SUp- " . " portIng anonymous clIents.

American Comshows where and when Americans had successful answers and effected competent solutions. It is more than instructive to read how these achievements got bulldozed bygovernmentint.rUsionsand whipsawed politicians. What passes for "compassion" in the 1990s is higher taxes and pretty balance sheets, instead of a couple of31ndwichesinexchange forfreshlylaundered sheets. Ml

century practice as "moralistic," "paternalistic," . and "controlling," but there was little resort then to euphemism or political correctness. '''Theirgoal,'' saysOlasky, "was not to weed out people but to require the kind of self-confrontationthatisevidentatamodern Alcoholics Anonymous m~ting when a person says, 1 am an alcoholic'. Those who [give] material aid without requiring even the smallest return were considered as much a threat to true compassion as those who tul'll:~d their backs on neighbors .

pa SSLOn,

Put an end to clouded thinkingget the straight dope. Read the Review. Tired of the University administration's clouded visions for U-M's future? Subscribe to the Review and find out where the University is really headed, why that's misguided, and how it can ,be remedied. For a tax-deductible donation of $20 or more, you' ll receive a one-year subscription to the Michigan Review, which includes 13 bi-weekly issues and the 1994 Summer Orientation Issue.

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December 1, 1993

'THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

BY JAMES ELEK

ELL, FELLOW GRADUATing seniors, it's that time of year. 'Those of you who plan to enter the work force are scheduling interviews. 'The rest, myself included, plan to continue our educations in graduate school, and are hurrying to submit our applications. Graduate school. The thought of attending college for another five to seven years to get my Ph. D. provides a great inspiration to study while my rourse-load tries to bury me. Of rotu-se, life may be easier for people who don't plan to enter the field of physics. Don't get me wrong I love physics. Where else can you explore the universe in such a way that only you and your colleagues can understand it? Philosophy is similar, but physics offers higher salaries. AB children, we were told that the world needs scientists. Now we are told that we cannot have a Super Collider or space station with which to play, and that there are no longer jobs for us James Elek is a senior in physics and MTS Coordinator of the Review.

anyway. That aside, now is the time to complain about the beast known as the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) Not only do I have to endure a "General Test" that supposedly measures quantitative, verbal, and analytical skills, but I must also partake in a "Subject Test" that asks if I learned anything about the subje.ct that I have taken the majority of my classes for the past four years. Is all this really necessary? Do we really need to submit GRE scores in addition to our grades, personal statements, and letters of recommendation? I think not. I am insulted that I must prove myself beyond my academic record. GRE scores, as far as I can tell, only provide the more "elite" schools with a number for establishing application cut-<>ffs. Still, no matter how much complaining we do, we have to endure this ordeaL First, you have to register, and if you are really on the ball (unlike me), you can register to take the test in the summer before your senior year. That way, registration hassles will be minimal and you will not have to worry about fitting your GRE studying into your regular studies.

AB it turns out, registration is the easiest part of the GRE, even though it has inconvenient deadlines (over a month in advance). For those of you who think you can study for the GRE while taking a regular course load, I laugh at you. I was stupid enough to think the same. I learned. With my test date soon approaching, I decided that neglecting my class work and studying for this monstrosity would be a good idea. I started by reading the GRE 1993-94 Information & Registration Bulletin. The first thing that struck me was that the Bulletin calls the Educational Testing Service - which produces and administers the GRE - a non-profit organization. 'That's fwmy - I saw a registration fee, a computer registration fee, and a fee for sending additional scores to schools. Doesn't sound like "non-profit" to me. After coughing up $140 of "nonprofit" cash, and studying enough physics to let my course grades falter, I finally reached the big day - which just happened to be the same day as the MichiganlMichigan State football game. That I am an avid Michigan fan who has attended Michigan's last three annual battles against MSU only added to

Contrary to Butt-head, BY AARON MCELLIGITT

HIS ARTICLE IS PRETIY stupid, so you probably don't want to read it. Monday night I was sitting around my roolll trying to come up with something to Wlite about that even remotely pertains to music. I haven't heard any cool music lately, except for some dope, pimp, fly, stupid, dope, pimp, whatever hip-hop from Detroit's Most Wanted. Oh, my fiiend Dave Hoey lent me his copy of Depeche Mode's Black eel ebratioTl, which made me want to slit my wlists. Dave's pretty cool. 'And my roommate Dave Garcia lent me his ropy of Frank Sinatra's Strangers In the Nzght, which made me put down a fifth of Wild Turkey while proclaiming my fondness of New York and women who have cute dimples when they smile But that's not. relevant. Actually, I was digging through some old publicity stuff and I came across some media information on Gwar. If you watch Beavis and Butthead, or if you have really bad taste in music, you've probably heard of Gwar. They're this group of totally messedup freaks who play death metal music. They like to think of themselves as "alien splatter-punk legends." I think they suck.

My first temptation was to take all of this publicity crap about Gwar into the bathroom so I could put it to good use up my ass. After reading some ofit, I decided to conduct a personality profIle of Gwar. Gwar is like the dudes in high school who could never fit into mainstream society, so they colored their hair, invested in bizarre clothing, and decided that they were the epitome ofnon-mnformist poets. In high school, you called them losers. In Ann Arbor, you call them liberals. But that's to· tally what Gwar is. For some reason, Gwar reminds me of my little brother, Jonathan. If you went-up to Jonathan and just said, "penis," he would crack up. Even if you said, "My meat is red and it has too much fat," Jonathan's appendix would burst from laughter Gwar is all about juvenile sexual hmllor If you don't believe me, check this out, tough guy. The nice people at Metal Blade records (who have a bad habit of signing retarded death metal bands like Mercyful Fate, Atheist, and Gwar) sent me this Gwar guide, complete with pictures. There's this one dude named Beefcake the Mighty. According to the Gwar guide, "His wart-studded pleasure nub is bitterly manipulated in porno booths worldwide." And then there's this token female named

my angst. I arrived early, armed with a plethora of physics knowledge, #2 pencils, my photo-fIle record, and a notarized note from God (so they could be absolutely sure it was me). Naturally, a body cavity search was administered before we entered the testing room (they had to make sure that no one was hiding a lap-top). When the identification process and search were over, and offenders were sent to the guillotine, we finally received our test booklets and answer sheets. After reading a halfhour speech on the instructions and how we would burn in hell if we cheated, the monitor said, "You may now begin. Good luck and remember, it's only the rest of your life that's at stake." After four hours, two strokes, and five still-missing people running out of the room screaming, it was finally over. All in all, we took an insulting, stress-inducing, time-wasting, anxiety-amsing exam so that some stuckup graduate school could have a number to weed us out. And we paid up the wazoo to do all this to ourselves. What a great memory for senior year. And I still have to take the general test. Ml

GwarE~~tnY§YS;ks

Slymenstra Hymen who "preens and pricks little pieces of decomposing flesh from her toothy clam." Last but not least, there is the Sexecutioner: "Sexperimenting and sexterminating, he is often given to spastic transports of gay abandon." I can just imagine some pimplyfaced twerp named Lenny wearing his "Batman" t-shirt writing this one night while he snorts and slobbers allover himself. A wart-studded pleasure nub? I'm sure. Any man who rould even make up jokes about a penis covered with unsightly blemishes must be feeling pretty insecure about himself. I should probably talk about Gwar's music, if you want to call it that. Assuming you care, Gwar has two albums out titled Hell-O and Amenca Must Be Destroyed. According to Gwar's manager, the Canadian government banned the America albllll because it was not consistent with moral rodes. What most likely happened is that the Canadian Ministry of Good Taste heard Gwar's music and said, "Ugh, this sucks." So they banned it. Late last year, "other-worldly semen rockers" Gwar released a live EP titled The Road Behind. They also released a live video titled Tour De Scum. Wow, I bet that sold in mass quantities. I don't know how else to describe their

music except to say that its just bad. The chorus sounds like some old guy coughing up phlegm while suffering from a seizure. The music itself sounds like a chorus of power tools and flatulent bovines. It's horrendous. If you think the band is weird, you should check out Gwar's politics as well. ABide from the fact that the members of Gwar take personal responsibility for the AIDS epidemic, the proliferation of crack, and the L.A. riots, they claim that their manager is a former aide to Ronald Reagan. That would be cool, if Lenny the dork didn't make it up. The manager, Sleazy P. Martini, does have some agreeable views. He even seems like a pretty cool guy. For example, he wants to "take the loafers off welfare and put them back on the streets doing what they do best." That would be awesome. And when it comes to government, he says, "Do away with the meddlesome bureaucracies such as Congress and the Senate." How cool would that be? But he also has bad ideas, like his plan of establishing "special relocation camps for the elderly and the handicapped." Anyhow, I apologize for writing such a boring article about Gwar. Frank Sinatra could take Gwar in a fight any day. Contrary to Butt-Head, Gwar neither rocks nor kicks ass. m );

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