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HE ÂŁi61V1hj lnfaiLd /WPOIU.i6i1ilq Volume 5 Number 3

N oyem ber, 1986

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Apley 'vs Pollac

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PIUS .

GEO:Bucks for Baker Robertson vs R,publicans

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Attacklna tne MV1:nS ,

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November, 1986

page 2 THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

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Itrprut's mootlJ MEET Oops. Last month we slipped up on our cover and placed our old (1985-86) motto "We Are The Establishment" where our new (1986-87) motto "Liberty Entails Responsibility" was supposed to go. Those responsible for the error have been sacked. We guess that Liberty entails the responsibility of remembering our own motto.

••

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Where have all the protesters gone?

Can't these people demonstrate and work on campaigns at the same time?

•• Rumor department: Longtime Detroit DJ J. P. McCarthy (Joe to us) (just kidding, LASC) may be headed to New York to replace David Hartman as host of "Good Morning, America". J. P. may have difficulty ~djusting to a studio where he can't play any Frank Sinatra song::;.

On Thursday, October 23, MSA .... held a forum honoring Perry Bullard Speaking of Frank, his defenders and Lana Pollack for their esteemed have been making public appearances devotion to higher education. MSA defending his reputation. One story involved a small man who man asked claimed that this event was "non-political." But we have some questions: Frank for an autograph and was If this event was non-political, then beaten severely by two of Frank's why did the Ann Arbor Democratic bodyguards. In response, the immorParty chip in 15% of the costs? Why tal Joey Bishop claimed that the story wasn't this forum held after the elechad to be false since it would take only one bodyguard to pummel such a tion? Why wasn't Carl Pursell invited? small victim.

Why did Perry Bullard mention the word election four times in his •• speech? Why did Perry and Lana Also, could the Ticket Department often stray from the alleged topic of get better staples next time? Students higher education to stress other are now in danger of losing their topics? Why did Perry make a camtickets because the seating card can paign pitch for Lana? Why hasn't become detached. Having to keep the Lana introduced any legislatio~ dealweakly designed. ticket .packeti~ , th~ . , »~. ",q".""W' ins with hiB!J~' edu9ltion. dunng,:'b er . ;.!~" ';'pocketgaine aftei'gairiedOes a lot Of tenure? The list of questions can go on damage. Are you listening, Don Canand on, but there is a much more ham? important question that we would like to ask the University: Should your Ticket policy update: The Unimandatory MSA fees go to political ve:--ity claims that non-students are forums involving candidates that you ~mg excluded fro~ the stud~nt secdo not support? tlOns and that the aisles are beIng kept

....

~ ... ~ .•. Moosefeathers!

Lieutenant gubernatorial candidates G:llleen Engler and Martha Griffiths (the incumbent) apparently will not debate. Colleen feels that the lieutenant governorship is an important position with many responsibili. . tIes and great power. SleepIng Beauty · M art ha d lsagrees.

•• This year's Nobel Prize recipient for Literature was Wole Soyinka of Nigeria. This homme des lett res has the dubious distinction of bowing to Soviet pressure by refusing to show Orwell's Animal Farm in Baltimore.

•• We seem to have a great problem of name confusion on this campus.

Many may be familiar with the confusion between conservative regent Deane Baker and leftist congressional candidate Dean Baker. But there is also confusion over obscure politicians such as Paul Jensen and Paul Josephson (sorry Paul). Also, we often have problems with the names of MSA committee chair (and former Serpent's Tooth personality) Rob McMahon and Taco Bell employee Jim MacMahon. Then there is head football co~chB9 Schembe.i;bJer and . some guy named Glenn 'SchemtJechler. Who is this Glenn goomer?

•• Former gubernatorial loser Dick Headlee called incumbent guv James Blanchard "a greased pig" the other day. Blanchard could not respond due to a sty in his eye (or was it his eye on a sty?).

Pity Pity: Pity those afraid To take a chance, Afraid to say, " Perhaps."

1 GOTTA 00 WI111 iJ.l1~ L~DEEN

FEt.\..A, F'E12.VIS .. , ~IS TV SfOT~ HAVE SLiCKEI< pKlJDlX:.nON VALI,f ANP HAVE FQ:;ITIONED -mE CANDi-

Pity those who Fleeing in fear and panic, Run into what they are fleeing. ~_~

PATE ww. WI~ AMEDJA t3W TliAT TAI<GE.TG AN uP.~~E IMRKET, 'IOTE-WISE .

Pity those afraid To glance at light, Fearing it may be flame.

Pity those afraid To let others dream Differently from themselves.

I

Pity those who In their fear, Make new Galileos.

I

Pity those who

Fearing to die, ~ .II." ~-:. '~ l:i Collapse upon themsel ves. into ~ nothingness. ~~~---------

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-Charles Lipsig

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MTS S0, you ' are payIng . $150 per term t 0 th e U· 't ' mverSl y 0 f M'IC h 19an as an ' .

Informauon Technology Access Fee, and you never ever use the university computers, right?

Even if you have never taken a computer class (and would never want to take one), one way you can take advantage of the University's computer system is to claim your Student Request Account-either at the Computing Center on North Campus or in the Microcomputer Education Center in the School of Education Building on Central Campus.

Once you claim your account, go to one of the workstations on campus, and sign on to your account. Detailed instructions on signing on are available when you claim your account, but it is as easy as this: The computer asks "Which Host?" and you respond "ub." The computer returns a "#" symbol, and YOl1 type "signon ccid" where "ccid" is your account number.

After that, you can join the meet:students conference, for instance, by typing "source meet students."

The items in meet:students rage from the frivolous "Interactive Limericks,'.' in. which .user:' tak,e t~~s sUPpl~I~~ t.mes t~ hmencks, 'Tnvial PUrsUit, In whlch users ask each other the toughest trivia questions they can imagine, to the discussion of casual interests like James Bond movies, Star Trek, and Sports (Who's going to win the Heisman?)

Meetstudents also includes some lively political and philosophical discussions on Feminism, the shanty in the Diag, and American Foreign Policy. If you find none of this ap· pealing, item 46, "The Porn Story" may fascinate yOU. There are a number of other conferences on the University computer system-meet:um, in which students can exchange information about clubs meeting around campus and also talk about related issues. Meet:nybblers is a conference for computer hackers, and meet ourselves is a conference devoted to issues about health (public and private) The student conferences have been looking for new members, and since all students are entitled to accounts-and welcome to participate in any of the items-they should " I let their voices be heard. Get your ub account today' (You're paying for it anyway) 'Jj

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

November. 1986

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TB'" IIIC1DGAII

REVIEW Publisher Da,id A. Vogel Associate Publishers David Katz Joseph M. McCollum Editor-in-Chief Seth B. Klukoff Executive Editors Steve Angelotti Paul Seltman Advertising Director Sharlene Prais

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.!f1rom lite 1£bilor

The Robertson Effect

Perhaps the only positive result of However, the problem is that both success over the summer, the delethe Great Michigan Precinct Delegate Kemp and Robertson were vying for gates attempted to nominate RobertHunt was the opportunity for the state the same constituency. Kemp decided son for president on the floor of the to witness an intriguing political to compete with Vice President Bush convention, breaching Party rules. occurrence-the unexpected for the mainstream Republican vote The Republican Party regulars, groundswell of support for Pat Rob- instead. In hindsight, such a strategy however, banded together to halt this ertson and the subsequent conflicts was ill-founded, because Bush had action. Another gem, of political naPersonnelA1ana~ers this caused within the Michigan Re- ·already recruited a substantial bloc of ivete occurred when certain Freedom Peter C. CublHl Charles D. Lipsig publican Party. Of course, the usual the mainstream Republicans and was Council delegates were spotted disCeremonial Greased Pig Sultans of Doom interpreted Robert- 35-40 percentage points ahead of tributing pictures of George Bush, .limbo Blanchard son's success as some grand funda- Kemp anyway. Had Kemp made with "666" emblazoned across his Staff more of an effort to secure the fun- forehead. mentalist revival, a mob of nameless, Lori Nienhuis Patrick Batcheller While the Party rallied around Bill faceless, even mindless right wing damentalists, he may have been able David Norquist Craig Brown Lucas, in apparent unity, there lay a Paddi O'Halloran Debbie Buchholtz zealots following their media prophet to narrow Bush's lead and neutralize Mark Powell C. Brandon Crocker significant rift underneath. The vocal to a new, glamorous Christian Robertson. On the filing deadline, Danie/. Drumm Donna Prince Freedom Council delegates had America. Such an interpretation, Kemp finished third in claiming preWilliam Rice Rick Dyer shaken the firmly established founhowever, is simply based in emotional cinct delegates.

Laura Feldman Gloria Sanak dation of the Party regulars' power.

Clearly, the Freedom Council was muddle, revealing a senseless fear of Stt'l'e George Debbie Schlussel Both factions, however, must join Graham Smith Leonard Greenberger the religious New Right, yet ignoring inspired by their success on the filing Asha Gunabalan Tracey Stone if the Republican Party is to together the important political dynamics of deadline. They had made an unexSamara Heywara Joe Typho continue its quest for realignment.

Robertson's entry into the presiden- pected impact on the political scene, Fred KellowQ}' Dan Van Leer How well Pat Robertson will fare as tial stakes. Robertson has commenced forcing the Kemp campaign to rediGeorge Kokkines Scott Wade a presidential candidate is of no a political phenomenon which has rect their strategy. In the ensuing Brian Lt'I'Y Virginia Ward The sizeable bloc of bard importance.

Jaml'S 'Un" .' , "':". , " ,. , sum.mer m()nths, th~ Michigan Op,unglued the tenuous " unity ofJ.h~ HONOIU/tY~~D.·\,i:;i'... ", Michigan R¢publicall Party <Working; grass ' toots pOlitical newpOffiIriity 'S'ociety ' 'made ' significant C. William CQlburn, Paul McCracken, Stephen comers that he has brought into the which may leave its mark on Repub-. inroads into the fundamentalist bloc.

Tonsor process will remain long after political On the election day in August, Kemp lican politics long after he has drop, SUPPQRTERS: he has withdrawn from the race. It will ped out of the race. narrowly edged Robertson for second Gn-aid R. Ford. R. Emmert Tyrrell, Jr., Norman Podhorerz, In'ing Kristol, William F. Buckley, Robertson's constituency consists place, though still was eons behind be interesting to watch the Republican Jr., Edwin Feulner Jr., Party adjust to this bloc.

Bush. primarily of fundamentalist ChrisThe Michigan Review welcomes, appreciates, of Michigan.

But Summer had also brought the tians from the rural areas pleads for !etten from our fans, admirers, A high percentage are family farmers, solidification of the Freedom Council adversaries (at your own risk, of course), and of blue-collar workers and delegates as a new, vocal voting bloc with a mix groupies. If you want to see your letter on these pages (page 9, actually), please temper your professionals. They share the same in Michigan politics. The Robertson writing to 110 more tluul two dollbu-spllUl!, traditional values, are staunchly supporters staged coups in several typt-",ritt'll JHlgn. Also, let us know your name, and have voted for Republican district committees (most anti-Communist ",here you Iil'e and your phone number. conservative candidates in the past. notably in Macomb County) and Bllt your response is not only limited to a Yet, they have never been active made their presence felt at the Repuletter. You may also submit an article. All work lI'i/l be Tt'I'iewed by our impeccable editorial staff participants in the political process. blican Convention in late August. and considn-ed in light ofstructllre and content.

The Convention was their Seth B. KJuJcojf is a Junior in Political The Freedom Council (now defunct), Articles can be sent to Ollr spacious, modern the fund-raising arm of the Robertson "shining" moment, yet it may also Science and Editor.j,,-Chie/ of 1M corporate office in the Michigan League. Well. campaign, mobilized this sizeable have been their final attempt to Review actually, here is the mailing address: group from being merely election day influence the policy direction of the THE MICHIGAN REVIEW voters into a grass roots force willing Michigan Republican Party. The Suitt Oil' to devote the necessary resources to Freedom Council contingent was 11 Non" V"i"nity and thrust seemingly everywhere. They placed their chosen candidate AIIII Arbor, MI48109 their agenda into the political debate. candidates in Regental and State The Michigan Rel'iew is an independent, Interestingly, the Kemp and Bush School Board races, operated a highly student-run journal at the Unil'ersity of Michiattended hospitality suite and atoperatives in Michigan gave no cregan. This means that no one controls liS. We are de nee to the Freedom Council mobitempted to secure a plank on the Party in no 1\·a)'. shape. or form representatil'e of the lization, wQ,ich took place off the front platform. The delegates wanted a policies of the Administration and accept no pages and before the May 27th preplank calling for the ban of birth dOllgh from the L'nil'ersity Typesetting is prol'ided by Trade Graphics. cinct delegate filing deadline. The control device distribution in schools.

Inc. Ollr printers are Obsen-er and Eccentric Yet, the delegates' political naivete Michigan Opportunity Society (Jack (BlII 110t in that order). was also evident. As newcomers to the Kemp's Michigan PAC) assumed that CODrril?i1t 1986 the fundamentalists would march political process, they neither unlock step into the Kemp fold. Thus. derstood the " folkwa ys" of the slate Republican Party nor respected the they spent little time recruiting that bloc. establi~.hcd rules. Bolstered by th eir

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L"iJ.UJY

November, 1986

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the M Yt hS .

by Tracey Stone The Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) is a program found on many college campuses that allows qualified students to train for a commission as an officer in the military while completing their undergraduate degrees. The purpose of this commissioning program is to fulfill the quota of additional officers needed that the various service academies are unable to supply. Each of the three armed forces has its own program (the Marine Corps trains under Navy ROTC) with its own specific requirements. All three offer scholarships to qualified students, which include full

tui~ion,.books, fees,and$lO<?amonth

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. , ROTC is the desire to serve 10 the military. Army ROTC Cadet Lela Colen:t an, a sop~oI?ore ~a!.o~n~ in chemistry, puts It hke this: I Jomed R?TC because I w~nted to do somethmg to serve Amenca. For as long as I can ~emember, my parents have emphaSized that I should do so~ething which would benefit the Uruted States."

Graduates of ROTC ~n make the military a career, or stay 10 for only a few years before going to wo~k in the civilian market. For ~any, thiS "short stay" pr:oves to be mvaluable later.

AIR FO~CE ROTC

The Air ~orce ROTC (AFROTC) program trams stude~ts, call~ cadets, to serve as officers 10 the Air Force (USAF). Cadets ~h~ complete the p~ogram are commissioned as S~nd Lteut~nants, and go on to tram or ~ork 10 whatever ~eld they are q~llfi~ and .ne~ded. 10, ~uch as engmeenng, aViatIOn, mtelhgence, or pe~s~n~el. ~he AFROTC pr~~ IS diVided mto the ~en~ral ~Ihtary Course (GMC), which IS dunng the freshman an~ sophomore years, and the ProfessIOnal Officer Course

"I };. d ROTC because I wanted to do something to

while 10 school. Complelton of a olne . . " serve Amenca. specific program leads to a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or Junior officers assume a lot of res- (POC), during the junior and senior as an Ensign in the Navy, with at least ponsibility right from the start, espe- years. a four-year duty commitment, alcially in the fields of management and In the GMC, cadets learn about the though this may vary with each leadership. Officers who leave the structure and the function of t~e specific program. service and find work elsewhere at USAF freshman year (AS 100), and I~S Students enroll in ROTC for many times have found themselves further history sophomore year (AS200). ThiS different reasons. One of the major up the ladder than their peers who is done through one hour of lecture draws is the · scholarship money o~,~~'~,:'U:te\_;job¥. . . .~_ ,_t : · per~lrdtt ztddltiOlI (othese l~ available. An out-of·state student with of college. For ArrForce ROTC cadet cadets learn about and practice milia four-year ROTC scholarship will David A. Desimone, a computer sci- tary customs, courtesies, and other ence major who will graduate this aspects of the Air Force during one receive in excess of$35,000 in aid. For many students, this is the only way December, his reasons for choosing hour oflab per week. In lab, freshman they can afford to go to college. The ROTC are for the training he will cadets generally have the role of a opportunity also exists to have gradreceive, and the reassurance of having follower, while AS200 cadets take on a uate work paid for after commissa job after graduation. "I'll be trained small amount of responsibility in the as an Air Force Navigator, and all the training of AS I 00 cadets by acting as ioning. For example, in the Air Force, those electing a career in missiles are jobs my friends are interviewing and sponsors. In addition to this training, guaranteed the time and money to get applying for now aren't nearly as great cadets are encouraged to play an their master's degree while on ac~ve . as the one I've got!" active part in the running of the Corps duty. Another reason for electmg

scholarship are under no military obligation and may disenroll at any time prior to enrollment in the P<X:.

Field Training is held during the ~ummer before junior year and entry mto the POC. At camp, located at different bases all over the country, Cadets get more intense officer training. They practice drill, receive valuable leadership experience and gain an understanding of wh~t the real USAF is like. For those cadets not going on to pilot training after graduation, or those who are but already have a pilot's license, Field Training is four weeks long. Pilot candidates with no previous .flying experience attend the six week Flight Screening Program to learn basic flying skills.

Cadets may take part in the Advanced Training Program (A TP) the summer following their junior years, if they are accepted. This two to three week program allows the cadet to act as a '.'Third Li~utenant" at a USAF base 10 a career field that they have interest, such as 'flying or intelligence.

This program takes place at various bases around the country.

Although ma n y cadets join AFROTC in their freshman year, students can join in their junior year through the 2-year Program. They attend a six week Field Training (the extra two weeks cover the material .... froin the 'OMC) and directly enter the POCo In the POC, cadets study management in AS300, and national security during their senior year in AS400.

They also get the opportunity to apply their leadership skills in the training of the GMC cadets in lab, and by the running of the Cadet Corps. The Corps is structured like a regular USAF unit, with every P<X: cadet holding some kind of command position. Cadet Michael W. Crawford is this tenn's Vice Commander. As second in command, Cadet Crawford spends from 20 to 25 hours a week outside the classroom to ensure that the Corps runs smoothly.

The active duty commitment by AFROTC graduates varies depending upon the field. The period of service is usually four years for non-flying officers, five years for Navigators after training, and seven years for pilots after training. Additional mandatory years of service may be required for graduate work paid for by the Air Force.

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Tracey Stone is a Junior in LSA and a staff writer for the Review.

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW page 5

November, 1986

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us. and Mozambique: Aiding the Marxists

by Gloria Sanak Editor's Note: On Sunday, October 19, Mozambique President Samora Machel was tragically killed in a plane crash. Although this article was written before Machel's untimely death, we believe that the content will still be relevant if the Marxists remain in power.

During the weekend of October I~, 1986, a military alert was called 1D Mozambique and a. So~th African invasion appeared unm1D~nt. ~e media did not take any s~al nott~, however. A~er all, reglO~al s~rrnishes are fatrly common 1D Afri~.

But Mozambique ~esen:es s~al attention. Moza~blqUe 1~ MaTXlst ruled. MozambIque receIves U.S. support..

It seems parado~cal th~t !he .S., .' ynder a conservative .ad~~stra~o.n, ~' ·'.· would support a M8IXdt .... regune· What c~rcu~stances ~ould de~and such a sItuatIon? Why IS MozambIque significant? . . U.S,. p~b~c knowledge of Mozamblque IS bmlted, so to better u~defS. tand the current sta~ ~f affatrs, a historical background IS In order. In ~497, Vasco de Gama ~led at ports m present day Mozambique. By 1~32, . the town and island of Mozambique were the most important trade centers in the region. During the 1800's, Portuguese forced the Mozambicans to work and raise cotton. In 1836, the Ngori people in Southern Mozambique challenged the Portuguese rulers and established a kingdom extending from the Zambese River to south of the Limpopo River. The kingdom collapsed in 1897, and by 1920, the Portuguese finally esta. blished control over all of MozambIque. By 1928, Antonio Salazar's New State of Portugal tightened control over the colonies and once again took a strong interest in the economic contributions of Mozambique.

The Mozambicans had never accepted Portugese rule and a growing urban concentration of labor and miserable working conditions produced protests. Strikes occurred on the docks of Lourenco Marques (current-day Maputo) and an uprising took place in 1948. In 1949, Nucleo dos Estudantes Africanos Secondarios de Mocambique (NESAM) was formed by secondary school students.

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Under a guise of social and cultural The discontent could no longer be "Marxist-Len inst Vanguard Party" activities, it conducted a political restrained. On June 25, 1962, and set out to make ambitious recampaign among students to spread FRELIMO (Mozambican Liberation forms. 85 per cent of Mozambicans the idea of national independence and Front) was officially formed. Their were rural so cooperative fields, nato develop resistance to the cultural guidelines and resolutions set up the tional farms, and individual plots framework for the organization and were focuses of agricultural producdomination of the Portugese.

Though the NESAM was banned by mobilization of the people, education, tion. Optimistic industrial and social the Portugese in 1964, its existence liberation of women, diplomacy and programs were also planned. Central was important for two reasons. First, propaganda, and preparation for war. to the economic and political transEduardo Mondlane led the movement Two years later, the people warred formation, a social transformation and gained valuable experience which against Portugese colonialism. At the was needed. The rural-urban divide would be useful when he became outbreak of the war, 95 to 98 percent needed to be remedied, making president of FRELIMO 13 years later. of the African population of Moza~- country life sufficiently attractive to Second, a national sense of identity bique was illiterate. 42 tribes lived 1D stop migration to the; cities. and cohesion resulted and the desire Mozambique and only 5 per cent of "Socialization of the coun~sideis for independence was strongly uni- the people were permanently urban- the backbone of our development and fied. ized. the decisive factor for the victory of By 1960, with Mozambique in mind, the UN General Assembly It seems paradoXIcal that the U.S., under a co'!servatlve ruled that in violation ofa charter, the administration would support a MarXISt regime.

Portugese colonies were not self' .. , , ' . governing territories. Portugal was Mozambiqu~ is geographically sig- SOCIalIsm, saId PresIdent Samora . . . :;, advised to rectify the~t~tion while , ., , ~l~.~Jh<.M " " $tjp , 9(,:"So,q~t ;. Ma,c~~1. '; . ....... . . ···· Mozambican unrest contmued. On . African coast which extends from Many problems arose, halting rapId June 16, 1960, about 600 Mozambi~ Tanzania to Natal, South Africa. progress. First,. with the Portug~ cans were murdered by the Portuguese Bordering on Zimbabwe and South gone, Mozambique lacked planrung capacity, trained people, and a strucin the Mueda Massacre. In April 1961, Africa, its ports of Beria and Maputo Movimento Democratico de Mo- play key roles in the economy of both lure to carry out the plans. Second, :ulmbiqu~, an or~tion of w~it~ nations. Further, it is l~nked to the see page 15 MozambIcans, petItIOned for Civil Indian Ocean and PersIan Gulf rerights for all Africans and held a gions, thJ.ls the basin is a key to any Gloria Sanak is a Junior in English widespread boycott of the November military futures. and a staff writer for the Review .

1961 elections.

FRELIMO established itself as a

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Can the Foundations of Libem Crack?

Please

SUPPort

The Mlchlaan Review.

After All. Libem Entails ReSPonsibiliw.

Please Make Contributions Payable to: The Michigan"Review, Suite One, 911 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109. ~

November, 1986

page 6 THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

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meuiew ttl orum

Abolish the Electoral College

by David Katz Over a hundred years ago, in his Gettysburg Address, President Lincoln pro. claimed: " . . . government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth." In these remarks, Lincoln was referring to the representative government of the United States. By definition, a representative government is ruled by officials who are elected by the people to represent the interests of the majority of the people. Of all the elected officials in America, the one political

which does not exist today is that electors were supposed to be more capable in their choice of the president because they were wise statesmen who were . more knowledgeable than the common voter. First, the electors of today are not the political gurus that they once were. Today's electors are chosen in political party conventions on the basis of their loyalty to their party. not on the basis of their wisdom . Second. the American voter is more educated today than he was in 1788. For example. before 1870 less than 2% of the American public had the equivalent of a high school education. In 1970, however, 75.6% of the American public had the equivalent of a high school education.

The Electoral College also has many defects that existed in 1788 but were not dent in the election of 1796. realized until today. One of the defects of To solve this problem, the Twelfth the Electoral College is that it is based on the "winner-take-all" system. In other Amendment was added to the Constitution in 1804. This amendment provided words. if Candidate A received 500 votes for the separate election of the president in State A and 1000 votes in State B, and and the vice-president in the Electoral Candidate B receives 499 votes in State A and 400 votes in State B, Candidate A College. The primary reason for the addition of the Twelfth Amendment was received all the electoral votes from both that in the election of 1800 Aaro~~.urr .... . ,. .~.tates and Candida~~.~~~~iv~ nQne,~bis. who was >suP~ . to be.t.lect~ a~ 'I\'d'~) . system .prestnts a problem, however, Ifno ferson's vice-preSident, was almost elected candidate receives a majority of the state's total popular vote. For example, in the as president. Today, the elect?rs ~re Presidential Election of 1968, Nixon and usually chosen at party conventIOns Instead of by the state legislatures an~ Humphrey split 61 % of Arkansas' popular usually vote in conjunction with thelf vote between them; Wallace captured 38% respective states. of the state's popular vote. Therefore, even Howeve~, with o~e excepti?n, the. prothough Wallace only received 38% of the cess by whIch Amenca elects I~S pre~ldent state's popular vote, he still received all of has, for the most part, remalOed IOtact the state's electoral votes. In elections such since the Constitution was ratified in as the Presidential election of 1860, 1788. In this case the exception is that the candidates have won without a majority. decision of which party's electors are to go

decide which one would be vice-president.

This system had many flaws, the greatest of which was that the candidate who received the second largest number of electoral votes was usually running against the candidate who received the greatest number of electoral votes. As a result, the president and the vice-president probably disagreed on many issues and had trouble working together. This occurred when John Adams was elected president and Thomas Jefferson was elected vice-presi-

The present process by which America elects its presidents, therefore, defeats the entire concept of a representative democracy.

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office-holder who is supposed to represent the interests of the largest cross section of the country's population is the president.

Ironically. while Senators, Congressmen, and state legislators are elected on the basis of the majority of the popular vote they poll, the President is still elected on the basis of the majority of votes that he or she receives from the Electoral College.

TM ~I procesI by which America elects its presidents, thel'efore, defeats the entire concept of a representative democracy.

Before continuing this attack on American's Electoral College, a brief history and explanation of the College is in order. When the Constitution was first written, the framers argued over whether the people or the Congress should elect the president. Those who believed that the people should elect the president favored direct elections, which would represent the interests of all the people. Those who advocated the Congressional election of the president believed that the common people were not smart enough to choose their president. Due to the overwhelming pressure to ratify the Constitution, both sides were forced to compromise. This compromise led to the creation of the Electoral College.

Under the .system provided for in the Constitution, the President was to be elected by the following process: each state legislature had the responsibility of appointing to the Electoral College a number of electors, equal to their state's total representation in Congress. When it came time to elect a president, each elector in the college would cast their vote for a candidate. The candidate who received a majority of the electoral votes would become the president, and the person with the next highest number of votes would become vice-president. If no candidate received a majority of the total electoral votes, the election was "thrown" into the House of Representatives where each state would then get one vote. If there was a tie between the second and third place candidates, the Senate would vote to

I

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.

Another defect of the Electoral College is the chance that no candidate may receive a majority of the electoral votes.

This occurred in the elections of 1800 and 1824. When no one candidate receives a majority of the total electoral votes, the election is decided in the House of Representatives. Ho.wever, each state only receives on vote; this discriminates against big states like New York which have more representatives in the House than. say. Connecticut. Furthermore, if there is no majority in the election of the vice-president. the election is decided in the Senate with the one man one vote factor still applicable. Hence. it is possible for a Democratic vice-president to be elected even though> Republican president has been elected. This is possible because of another flaw in the Electoral College - electors do not have to vote for their pany's candidate. This occured in the 1968 Presidential election when Dr. Lloyd Bailey, one of the thirteen Republican electors chosen by North Carolina's voters to represent them in the Electoral College. changed his mind and voted for Walla90. As .aresult of this, l/l3 (or 48.245) of the people in Nbrth Carolina who voted for Nixon actually had their votes count for Wallace.

see page 11 David Katz is a Sophomore in LSA and an Associate Publisher of the Review.

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which party wins the majority of the popular vote in each state and not on the ~~'HcIre, decision of the separate state legislatures. Il~~ Unfortunately, the circumstances that existed then were much different than those that exist now. The Electoral College has become obsolete.

One of the many circumstances that existed in 1788 was that the number of people eligible to vote was much lower J than it is today. Most historians estimate that fewer than 25% of the people living in America were eligible to vote in 1788.

Those groups that were excluded from voting were blacks, women, and those who could not pass literacy tests or pay poll taxes. However, with the passage of such legislation as the Fourteenth, Fifteenth.

Nineteenth. Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, anyone who is over the age eighteen in this country can vote. Therefore , the argument that the president does not represent the majority of the public is not valid anymore because universal suffrage exists today.

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THE MICHIGAN REVIEW page 7

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Shootdown

by Leonard Greenberger plane took off. This cargo has never been found, and the reason for its removal has never been discovered.

Johnson claims that Chun's request for extra fuel can be interpreted as a safety precaution. The entire crew of KAL 007 may have been aware that they were on a ~py ~ission. Chun, .a veteran fighter pdot m the Korean Air Force, may have predicted an encounter with a Soviet fighter beforehand, and ordered extra fuel in case evasion was necessary. Furthermore, the course actually taken by 007 required ~ore fuel than if the plane had remamed on ROMEO 20 the e.ntire trip. If either. of these explanatIOns are correct, It would strongly indicate that 007 was not accidentally off course. Moreover, Chun may have attempt~d to hide the additional fuel by. the mcorrect fuel entry ?n the FlIght Release Sheet. Concernmg the removal of t~e mysterious cargo, the ~,:~7's"W?~'~JJducted.~Jllevery . firstexplanati~n of tile extra fuel fits

SHOOTDOWN. by RW. Johnson.

Viking Publications, 1986.

With the recent release of Seymour M. Hersh's book The Target Is Destroyed, the subject of the Soviet shootdown of Korean Air Lines Boeing 747 flight 007 is once again on the front pages. Hersh's book, however, is not the only, nor the first, account of this barbaric act. RW. Johnson's Shootdown was released this past summer, and it takes a very different view towards the circumstances surrounding the KAL 007 incident.

While Hersh suggests that KAL 007 was legitimately off course when it was shot down in the early morning hours over Sakhalin Island, U.S.S.R, Johnson proposes that KAL 007's deviation from its correct course was not so innocent.

Johnson begins by listing the facts behind ,the.shootdown.. First, that

fact on a spy mission and did not want to give away its position to Soviet Air Defense forces. (It is interesting to note that Hersh claims 007 did in fact radio in at every appropriate beacon.)

Chun began to take evasive action once he encountered the Soviet fighter, radioing to Narita (Tokyo) Airport's tower that he was ascending when, in actuality, he was descending.

According to tapes of the con versation between the pilot and his ground base, the Soviet fighter nearly overshot the 747 when 007 reduced its speed, a common dogfight technique.

In fact had the Soviet pilot overshot the pI~ne, 007 may.have successfully evaded the Soviet fighter. (Hersh claims Chun and the creew of 007 never knew they were being followed by a Soviet fighter, even after the Soviet fighter's missile hit the aircraft.) According to Johnson, Chun's evasive action .can be vie.wed as an attempt.to aVOId confrontmg the So-

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takeoff from Anchorage International Airport in Alaska. Second, 007 immediately began to deviate from its proper course and continued off course its entire trip. In addition, KAL 007'8 crew failed to radio in to the various radar stations along its route, which is named ROMEO 20.

This procedure is mandatory. Finally, Johnson claims that information obtained from Japanese radar records shows that KAL 007 made evasive moves when confronted by a Soviet SU-15 Flagon fighter plane. Johnson then takes these facts and uses them as the basis for his hypothesis: that KAL 007 was in fact on a spy mission, and this mission was authorized and directed by the heads of the various U.S. intelligence agencies, including the C.I.A. and the National Security Agency.

It cannot be argued that Korean Air Lines pilot Captain Chun did not do several peculiar things before 007 took off. First, he ordered extra fuel to be loaded onto the Boeing 747, more than enough to make the run to Seoul plus the additional fuel always added for mid-course emergencies, unintended circling, or diversion to other airports. Second, Captain Chun placed incorrect fuel figures on the Flight Release Sheet, which indicated that he was removing fuel, when he fJad verbally requested 7900 pounds offuel in excess of what the computer flight plan indicated was necessary.

Finally, Captain Chun had over 1800 pounds of cargo removed before the

eaSIly evade another alTcraft, so the removal of the extra weight can also be viewed as a safety precaution.

Johnson then explains that the navigation system ina Boeing 747 aircraft is virtually flawless. The pilots simply enter a dozen or more coordinates into the internal Navigation System (INS) and can simply fall asleep if they wish. They must only wake up to land the plane when it reaches its destination. Furthermore, the INS has back-up systems which in tum have back-up systems, which makes it virtually impossible for the plane to veer off course without the crew's notice. Even if the pilot~ were asleep, Johnson asserts, buzzers go off if the plane begins to get off course, although these can be turned off at the captain's discretion. KAL 007 was off course virtually from the moment it entered the air over Anchorage.

Radar beacons are located along ROMEO 20. At several of these beacons, planes are required to radio in their call signal (KAL 007) to the nearest radar station. Chun and 007 failed to do this at several of these points, radioing instead through KAL 015, which took off shortly after 007 and had caught up to it by the first beacon, a very unusual occurrence.

After the first two call beacons, 007 disappeared from the airwaves completely until it encountered the SU-15 several hours later. Not only is this unusual, Johnson claims, it is illegal.

A. very a~pr~priate explanation for thIS behaVIOr IS that KAL 007 was in

..•.

the plane out of Soviet airspace.

Several of Johnson's theories are based in hearsay rather than fact.

First, he claims that the resignation of William Clark as head of the National Security Council shortly after the incident may have been a reaction to U.S. involvement in the shootdown.

Because Clark was a major actor in the formulation of U.S. foreign policy at the time, nothing of this importance could have been done without his knowledge. Also, his resignation at this time was very unusual, since he was in a position of tremendous power and prestige. The unforseen deaths of hundreds of innocent victims on his order may hav~ been too much for him, and rather than face a possible Congressional inquiry (which never occurred), he resigned.

see page 15 Leonard Greenberger is a Junior in Political Science and a staffwriter for .

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Remembet: novembet 4th is flection· Doy.

fxetcise "OUt Right to Vote Governor of Michigan William Lucas (R) v. James Blanchard (D) US House of Representatives, Michigan 2nd District Dean Baker (D) v. Carl Pursell (R) Michigan State' Senate Dale Apley (R) v. Lana Pollack (D) Michigan State House , Vic Holtz (R) v. Perry Bullard (D) Donald Shelton (D) v. Margaret O'Connor (R) •.

U of M Regents Cynthia Hudgins (R) v. Paul Brown (D) Gary Frink (R) v. James Waters (D)

November. 1986

page 8 THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

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The "Delta" Decision Last year, the Review published an editorial calling for changes in the 'U's Classified Research Guidelines. About the same time, 'U' President Harold Shapiro and Board of Regents asked for a review of these oft-criticized guidelines. (It is not known if either the President or the Regents read the Review.) At the end of this summer, the Ad Hoc Committee on Classified Research released its report.

Actually, two reports were released. The " Majority Report" keeps the present policy banning research with publication restrictions, and in fact extends them to cover proprietary research (funded by private groups or organizations, often pharmaceutical companies). However, it makes two major changes from the current guidelines. Both the "end-use" paragraph and committee review of proposals are removed.

The "end-use" paragraph bans research where the intent ("end-use" ) would be harmful or injurious to humans; that is, weapons research.

Many argue that this paragraph makes an important moral stand. The entire ad hoc committee decided that it is inappropriate for the 'U' to make political stands via research policy. We agree wholeheartedly.

Furthermore, the present guidelines have a committee review all proposals and decide if they violate the guidelines. The ad hoc committee felt the review committees are unnecessary for enforcement, and leaves that job up to the DRDA, deans of the respective colleges,

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and the individual sponsors of the research. Critics of this contend that this is like the "fox guarding the chicken coop": it is unrealistic that Dean Vest of Engineering will reject any Engineering proposal. for example. The committee felt , however, that the new guidelines would be necessary, and that public scrutin y would be sufficient enforcement.

The " Minority Report" , chiefly written by Prof. Carl Cohen of the LS&A Medical School , fully agrees with the two major changes, but also states that banning classified research in the name of "University openness" also violates the researchers' rights to freedom of inquiry .

This report suggests four changes, one of which (the "Delta" amendment) would completely delete the restrictions on classitied research and replace them by a non-binding Regental rule calling for scholarly pursujt of knowledge (a perfectly vague statement to set a tone for University research).

Because we place greater value on an individual's right to freedom of inquiry over some undefined advantage of "openness" (will Philosophy professors get any benefit from knowing about an Electrical Engineering professor's research on secret diodes?) and because the Re\'lCH' feels many types of classified research are very beneficial to national security (or, say, proprietary research is beneficial to medical knowledge), the majority report, along with the "Delta" amendment should be adopted by the Regents as soon as possible.

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The Reykjavik summit provides an invaluable opportunity to dispel two dangerous myths unfortunately held by some in our country: first , that compromise with the Soviets is inherently a good idea, with success to be measured by signed agreements; and second, that "Star Wars" is an American initiative.

Mikhail Gorbachev laid a clever trap for President Reagan at the Iceland meeting. Knowing that American and Alliecfpublic appetite for accommodation and agreement would be whetted were major reductions of nuclear arms in sight, Gorbachev sought to maneuver the President into a no-win situation. With agreement tantalizingly close, the Soviet dictator demanded what would amount to American abandonment of Strategic Defense (SD). Were the President to yield in order to obtain an agreement (like the one Chamberlain waved in London in 1938), America would definitely lose. Were he to refuse to yield , he could be blamed for scuttling an historic "opportunity" for arms control through misguided commitment to putting " weapons in space." The Soviets, who have yet to demonstrate any genuine desire to mutually, verifiably, reduce arms, saw an opportunity to at least damage the President politically, or at best, to achieve their highest aim in destroying SDI without expending a single hunter-killer satellite.

Fortunately, we have a President who knows right from wrong.

With their traditional emphasis on and respect for existing hard"are, why are the Soviets so concerned about a proposed Strategic Defense system that man y in America (find it fashionable to) call a fantastic concept. impossibly complex, and ultimatel y unworkable? Because the

Soviets know better. They have aggressi vel y pursued research and development in Strategic Defense since 1968. The Soviets view this as a way of shielding themselves from what retaliatory capability the U.s. would have left (primaril y SLBMs) after a massive Soviet tirst strike with their heavy, high SSKP (single strike kill probability) ICBMs. America was also developing SD, but stopped under the terms of the 1972 ABM Treaty. The Soviets, of course, did not. Today. they have the world's only deployed ABM system (64 launchers of ABM-I Galosh missiles surrounding Moscow-technically allowed in the treaty), a huge . brazenly illegal phase-array ABM radar at Krasnoyarsk, and a lead that some authorities estimate at 10 years in certain important lascl applications. We have blueprints and words, Soviet clamoring abo ut American SD is virtually the equivalent as any Alnericall clamoring about the Soviet monopoly on nuclear weapons in 1945 , Yet. incredibly. many in the West choose to serve as microphones for this spectacular Soviet disinformation . in their belief that any agreement with the Soviets is a good agreement. What can Gorbachev see in this'?

Clearly, he sees the opportunity to lay traps for an American President like the o ne he laid at Reyjavik. He v.. as simply applying the strategy of V.I. Lenin. who advised, "The soundest strategy .. , is to postpone o perations until the moral disintegration of the enemy renders the del ivery of the mortal blow both possible and easy. " We must talk occasionally with the Soviets, if only because they are (A) the world's most powerful military force, and (B) our enemies.

However, as the President said, tv.'o things must never be nego tiahle: our freedom and our future.

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Dear Editors: I am a staunch supporter of fourth amendIn your editorial Drunk on Rules (October 86, ment rights (right to privacy). I am also a p. 8) you make several false statements about Resident Director and support the Housing the Housing Division's policy on alcohol and Division's alcohol policy. I see no dichotomy draw conclusions from the erroneous data that between those roles. The University may are unfounded. indeed be becoming more and more "Big The so-called "'new policy" is a very simple, Brother-esque", as you say in the editorial. The two part policy that has been a Housing Policy alcohol policy, however, cannot be perceived as since 1982. Firstly, no one can drink in any part of the shift. public place of the residence halls. This is in Janet Hackel keeping with the University's (and most cities, The Rel'iew responds: To many students, there including Ann Arbor) policy on alcohol. Seseems 10 be a "new" push to Housing to e1tforce condly, it is against State of Michigan laws to the rules; the emphasis to "stay within the drink if you are under 21 years of age, therefore limits" (as spelled out by the policy. at least) is no one under the age of 21 can drink in the significantly greater this year than in the past. residence halls.

For example. while If1 most (but not all) dorms it This policy is not new and it does not prohibit /s 110t mandatory to close the door; howel'er, ifit kegs or cases of beer. Ifa resident is 21, they are is Idt open, the chances of being "caught" are welcomed to drink in their rooms, with the door \'l1stly greater than last year. This makes a de open or closed. An open door does not, as you t;lCtO rule to shut the doors. state in your editorial, cause a resident's room Unfortunately. Ms. Hackel muddles and to become a public area. Residents under 21 are confilses the issues ()f RAs and alcohol policy. expected to respect the laws of Michigan: their We do not suggest that RAs should never be drinking cannot be condoned by the University. concerned about alcohol. In fact, perhaps the The editorial draws the conclusion that the lIIost important role of an RA is in helping alcohol policy is limiting the effecti veness of the people who have alcohol and drug abuse pro· resident staff to their 'rear job of "worrying hlem.). This, however, should and does not make about the residents' academic and social probthem "policemen" who go around breaking up lems." Speaking not only as a member of parties o(responsible drinkers. resident staff, but as a T A and also as a friend, The new emphasis on the rules has, of course, I have seen alcohol ruin more students' acamade policemen out of. RAs. This will undercut demic and social lives than any other single their relationships with the residents: the Sill· factor at this university. To imply that having dents cannot respect R4s who break up small RA's wotry about alcohol is going to hurt the alld controlled gatherings (even if it is their students in other ways is completely unjusti"duty"), alld RAs do not want to be put in that fied. I am curious about the number of re~ident position. One RA even used to leave the dorm statTwith whom you discussed this policy. Glib every time he knew a party would be statements about "most RA's" are simply occurring-so that he did not have to be put in ~oddy.joumalism.l would hazard to guess that 4~. awka:ardsitu,a(i()n! .'~~:,,:;'{"'t~~,."'~,~q>M'<' .".,,,,,c~ . :••.~~.!~..•D''''''''·'!III'cre ....... t •.,,,,,,,,.. ..A........., ...... ~;r . . , r:'-~~,<~:'''?'''~~!:~''~~'''·1ifW~, .. :, ····Wl' riotfte (har M'S. ndtktl Is ai/1m Thus, feelings. she may not want to offend her superiors at In addition to educating students about Housing. Furthermore, no other RD (or even responsible drinking, there have also been RA) wrote us; thefew we talk to on an individual tangible benefits from this policy. Residence basis seem to support the editorial. Ofcourse, no Halls no longer reek of vomit Saturday and one would say that publicly, or else they would Sunday mornings, there has been a considerable get into "hot water". drop in vandalism acts in the halls, and there Finally, the 4th Amendment never says any· are fewer security problems. thing about the right to privacy; that right was fi&....

«

extrapolated by the Supreme Court many years later.

Dear Editor: The MI6 is not a gun (c.f. TIII/e/or Reform, Oct. 86, p. 8). It is a weapon. The M60 machinegun qualifies, and therefore can be called a gun. I know from experience that the M 16A I is a good, quality weapon. I carried one for ove~ seven years while I was on Active Duty as an Infantryman. If you take care of it, it will not fail you when you need it. There may be better weapons available in the world, but ours is not bad either.

I have no experience with the M2/3 BFV (Bradley Fighting Vehicle), but I did spend two years working with MI13Al APC's (Armored Personnel Carriers). Their speed for troop deployment, and additional firepower are vel! positive qualities. The BFV has even more firepower than the M 113A I, but it also, un· fortunately, has a higher silhouette. This does make it an easier target, although its great speed does tend to minimize this fault.

I must also comment on the problems with the officer corps. It is by far too oriented toward careerism and bureaucratism to function in a meaningful manner.

Sincerely, Edward V. Miller The Review Responds: A jew points. For those II'ho are/amiliar with both the M16 and Soviet AK·47, the Russian device (made 0/all steel and wood) is less likely to jam, easier (0 clean, and a few ounces heavier than the plastic M /6 (apparently, soldiers like. the s~nsf/ of exIra reliabflit.v the weight adds). Signlficant!y. however, Ihe M 16 cosls twice as much as Ihl' AK·47 would cost if built in the U.s.!

The M1l3AI is highly acclaimed by the military reformist as a machine that works. The Bradley is usually dubbed by reformists as a bad joke. It was designed to replace the Jeep-so why does it Itel.e missiles alld guns? It COSIS several million dollars per unit; it has virtually

armor ah!e 10 wllhs/and So\'ie/ anti·lank weapolls; il IS hard 10 repair. Alos/ imporlal1l/.l'. there IS no place 0/1 lOp of II hI' troops 10 ride.

Experience has sho\\'n Ihat soldiers like to ride 0/1 lOp o(APCs in case Ihe vehicle hils a 111 me.

Ihe soldiers 111'(' merely II/rown (I(f With Ihe Bradle\'. the soldiers cannOI ride 011 loP; Ihe\' must /'Ide IIlslde. Thlls if the machine hilS a 1111111', I her would h(' I hrown agaltlsl I he roo(and killed A Irpica/ly .>/IIpld deSign flall' Ihat Ihe lI1ililan' S(,CIIlS 10 adept (// making.

The problems wilh careerism and bllreacracy ill Ihe oOlcCf corps can hes/ he halldled by (J) cUlling Ihe si:e o/fhe corps bl' at least hair (2) changing /he promo/ioll .ITs/elll /rom "up and 011/" to a 1I10re sensible one (.leI' Reformist Literature. Octoher 86. p. 5).

The besl and most (tTecli\'(' mallner to gi'l (hange intl/l' milifarj' is Ihth open di'Sclission of liS problcms. /lopeliill)' someone wi/Ills/en.

110

Dt:ar hJllor: h was m('(' to sec: the September Issue of the ,\/iclllgan Rencw, The University of Michigan IS lucky to have you.

However, I was a bit dishearten<.>d to read such a favorable r('view ofC'hristopher Dickey's book (With the COlllras, September 86. p. 12).

In conservative circles, Dickey is viewed with little respect. He spent only several days WIth the JV'sistance and his book, according to the FON, is full of outright lies and subtle manipulation offact. Furthermore, the book is hardly "pro-contra." Dickey rips the resistance throughout for so-called atrocities and lack of organization. Of course, we should view his account in the time frame in which it occurred.

Dickey visited witb the resistance before any

fonnalconl'ra organization had been formulated.

In any event, these are only.constructive criticisms. Best of luck for a successful academic year.

Best regards, Michael Johns Assistant Editor Poliq Review

GEO and Baker's Campaign

by William C Rice Whether they like it or not, graduate students teaching at the University of Michigan are funding Dean Baker's U.S, Congressional campaign. This fact may outrage teaching assistants (T As) who do not plan to vote for Baker. How, after alI, can their money go to a candidate whose beliefs they do not share? What sort of pickpocketry is this?

Even those who support Baker may fret over the way his campaign is funded. They may vote for Dean Baker. They may agree with his views.

If someone takes his money and gives it to the cause of Dean Baker, for him that may be no problem. But then maybe it is.

Last summer the Graduate Employees Organization (GEO) at the U of M gave an endorsement and one hundred dollars to Dean Baker's campaign, according to GEO president Alice Haddv. The same source

reported that at the time there was loud dissent over the question of whether the GEO should be in the business of endorsing and funding candidates for public office. In the end, the dissenters lost. Dean Baker went on to win the Democratic primary, and now he faces the incumbent, Republican Carl Pursell.

One hundred dollars, it can be argued, is peanuts in a Congressional campaign. But there is a principle at stake.

No graduate student at the U of M may teach without either joining the GEO or paying it a "service fee" equal to union dues. The GEO used funds collected by mandatory fees t~rite a check to Dean Baker. It follows, therefore, that alI graduate student teaching assistants are helping to pay for the campaign of Dean Baker, a candidate of the Left. The point would be the S3me if Baker were Jack Kemp or Jesse Helms.

A similar point can be made about the GEO's local endol sements. which

Haddy says are passed on from the AFL-CIO, the parent organization to the GEO. These endorsements include Perry Bullard's and Lana Pollack's. The fact that they are liberal Democrats rather than conservative Republicans again makes no difference in principle. In the case of local candidates, the GEO did refrain from offering financial help via compulsory union fees, but the summer issue of the GEO newsletter, printed at the members' expense, heralded the endorsements.

As to redress, Haddy explains that those who belong to the GEO will wind up paying for Baker's campaign and all the other political work the GEO undertakes no matter what. If GEO mi(mbers disagree, nothing can be done:' Other t~aching assistants, however, can get their money back - as long as they are not members. Rebel TAs need only write a letter-soan-requesting a refund of the portion of their "service fee" that is used for

polItIcal purposes. It will arrive in the mail, according to Haddy, at the end of the fiscal year.

By that time, the money will be forgotten. It will be nothing more than change to jingle in a pocket. But the principle will remain intact. This principle. it is worth noting, dates at least as far back as the founding of our democracy. It was Thomas Jefferson who wrote: "To compel a man to furnish funds for the propagation of ideas he disbelieves and abhors is sinful and tyrranical."

For graduate student teaching assistants who are not GEO members and thus are not obligated by the current rules to give money to Dean Baker's U.S. Congressional campaign, the address to write for a refund is: GEO, 802 Monroe St. #3, Ann Arbor.

MI48104.

tf

William C. Rice IS an tv1.F.A. and Ph.D candidate in English and a stafr writer {()r the Review.

page 10 THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

November, 1986 ........................................................................................................................... . .......... ............................. ............ .... .........

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Dale Apley

Lana Pollack the revolving door of the court system. One possible remedy would be the use ofbreathalyzer tests in bars.

REVIEW: A $5.00 fine for possession of marijuana still exists in Ann Arbor. Should the city repeal this law and what are your suggestions for greater drug enforcement in the state?

REVIEW: You have been one of POLLACK: I have never seen any the State Senate's leading supporters evidence that the $5.00 fine has had of medicaid abortions. How do you any impact one way pr the other. I defend your position against the right certainly do not believe that there is a to lifers who oppose abortion and will great deal of enforcement elsewhere in have to pay for it as well? the state for what would come under a POLLACK: First of all, I want to $5.00 marijuana law. Also, I probably reiterate what is obvious. Abortion would have supported the law when it has been established by the Supreme was first proposed. This type of enCourt as the law of the land. A woman forcement is preferable to incarceratcannot be constitutionally denieij this ing marijuana users, thus further right. I would oppose a law that overcrowding the jails. Additionally, I mandated abortions as vigorously as I think that marijuana use, as well as would oppose a law prohibiting them. other substance abuse, is an unfortuIt is offensive to my set of values that nate and significant problem in our a poor woman should be forced to society. carry a pregnancy that may have been REVIEW: How can the MESC .m~'~"~'e"""'i,.,.路" ,.' .,,>. (orced:,~~~.~ , agaiIl.s~路 ll垄r',~",Sbe , .beCOme ' a . mote ,:effective . 'organiia, may also be forced to carry a pregtion? nancy because she lacks financial POLLACK: There should be a resources. I do not think that the most thorough investigation of the excesfundamental right of this country, the sive cost overruns of the computer right to medical care, for instance, that they recently purchased. But, should be determined on the basis of since I have not been part of overincome. seeing that program, I do not have any REVIEW: How economically practical suggestions. healthy is Washtenaw County?

REVIEW: How should the State of POLLACK: Relative to the rest of Michigan reform liability insurance? the state and most of the country, POLLACK: The problem that we Washtenaw County is quite healthy are dealing with here is affordable and and prosperous. Some of the prosaccessable insurance. We should be perity, of course, is more obvious in cautious in making precipitous some sectors as opposed to others. changes in the right of an individual to REVIEW: Have the farmers shared have access in the court to sue for in this prosperity? redress. Many of the proposed soluPOLLACK: Agriculturally, Washtions eliminate the individual's right tenaw County is much better off than to seek redress in court. I also oppose most of the country. The number of the almost blanket immunity given to bankruptcies is lower and farmers are government and its agencies. That in a decent situation here. proposal was part of the package in REVIEW: Do you support Govthe State Senate last April. ernor Blanchard's proposed sobriety REVIEW: Who is Lana Pollack and check lanes? why should she be re-elected?

POLLACK: I oppose them. They POLLACK: I should be re-elected are an intrusion into what should be a based on the evidence that I am a hard private domain. They are also an working, serious-minded problem inefficient way of tackling a severe solver. I have a committment to problem-drunk driving. public service and beli~e that govREVIEW: Then how should the ernment has an important role to play state curtail drunk driving? in improving the quality of life for all POLLACK: Well, I have proposed citizens. legislation , but that is only a partial answer. Currently, we know that much of the drunk driving is perpetrated by the habitual drunks. The law is not particularly strict with repeat offenders. They are able to go through

REVIEW: How do you rebut

In this candidate forum , The Jv;ichigan Review interviews State Senator Lana Pollack (D) and her challenger Dale Apley (R). Both candidates took time off from their hectic campaign schedules to speak with the Review.

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charges of your relative inexperience in politics?

APLEY: Well, Lana Pollack has been a State Senator for only one term. Her experience prior to that was teaching- dance teaching. She also served on the Ann Arbor School Board.

I have legislative experience, having worked as an Administrative Assistant to State Senator Nick Smith, where I was responsible for the office staff and the day-to-day flow of legislation. Also, having been raised in a business family , we have a retail business, I am familiar with the business atmosphere and with what the government should and should not do regarding businesses.

REVIEW: How economically healthy is Washtenaw County?

APLEY: We are not as bad off as other areas in Michigan. When you have the second highest per capita income in .the state, that is very fortunate. Having the University of Michigan as a base really helps. Because of the University, high tech industries have sprung up in the Ann Arbor area. But Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County did go through their bad times. My concern is that if we do not work to bring Michigan back, and make it conducive for businesses to come here, we will have an economic recession, and Washtenaw County will be hit.

REVIEW: Have the farmers shared in this prosperity?

APLEY:To be honest, I don't think a lot of the agriculture in the state has enjoyed economic success. The nice thing about Washtenaw County and the agriculture that we have here are the small farms. They have not really benefited from the agricultural packages that have gone through our legislative body. That legislation is geared toward the larger farms. But a healthier economy in general would help the small farms of Washtenaw County.

REVIEW: Do you support Governor Blanchard's proposed sobriety check lanes?

APLEY: I really deplore drunk driving. So, my first reaction was that this was a fantastic idea. What we need to look at, however, is the effective use of state police. I am not sure if the sobriety check lanes can be very effective. However, we need to do something to curtail drunk driving.

It is very easy to evade these check

lanes, which are a poor use of police manpower.

REVIEW: A $5.00 fine for possession of marijuana still exists in Ann Arbor. As a State Senator representing Ann Arbor, how would you pressure the city to repeal that law and what are your suggestions for greater drug enforcenment in the state?

APLEY: Hopefully, Ann Arbor itself will change their marijuana law. It is unfortunate for the state to come in and force a local unit of government to change an existing law. I believe that the local government knows what is best for themselves. The marijuana craze has died out.

What really concerns me is the use of crack. The use of this drug started . in drug groups in Detroit and is gradually moving westward-first Ypsilanti, next Ann Arbor. We need to have enforcement, perhaps even wiretapping drug dealers. I am tired of seeing drug enforcement officials have their hands tied. If w~ need to put more money into our state police budget for drug enforcement, that's fine with me.

REVIEW: What can the state police do with this insrease in drug enforcement funds?

APLEY: They can do several things. They can expand their drug investigation units, beefing up the manpower.

REVIEW: How can the MESC become a more effective organization?

APLEY: WelL they bought a computer recently, so I guess that they will soon become more efficient. In Michigan, there does not seem to be any incentive for the unemployed to take part-time jobs. So. this is an area for reform within the MESC see page II

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······~~:·~::··~~I~I~.~~~~I~~· ········ ~·· \ ····t[lk i he1ruth of Sam Gompers' words is nowhere more evident than in Detroit where the auto compa· nies, and everyone associated with them, are struggling for survival.

In less than a decode, Detroit's auto industry hos been driven from undls· puled world supremacy to the bflnk of bankruptcy.

Ironically, the some critics who SO reo cenlly attacked the auto companies for making "obscene" profits are now blaming them for fhe region's economic woes, Obviously, the crlllcs can't hove It both woys. As the auto makers continue to lose millions of dollars each day, the need for profits beComes painfully evident. Without !hem: Employees lUffer As fewer and fewer new cars roll off the assembly lines, Detroit's job· less rate soars, While opti· mists Insist thot belter days lie ahead, most analysts agree thot the majority of the unemployed Will never return to the auto factories .

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Su~lers suffer Miles and miesof small shops that once supplied the auto com· panles now lie idle. Even such major Industries as steel and rubber hOYfl been hard hit. creali:->g

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, THE MICHIGAN REVIEW page 11

November. 1986

further unemployment and lor · reaching economic hardship.

NeIghbors IUffef Unprofitable com· ponies and unemployed workers pay fewer, if any, taxes . Conse· quenlly, schools are closing, high· ways are in disrepair, S6fVices to the needy hove been reduced , and rec ' realloool and cultural opportunities are threatened . eonsum.rs suffer Shoppers are dis· covering to their dismay that more money buys less car, Mo' tootl is needed to meelthe Jor re . no no

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activity And doubts about the future prOfitabtl1ty 01 the Industry are making it increasingly diffICult even to : ..... borrow the needed capitol. , ~tness Chrysler's depen· dence on federal loan guarantees and even , . giant GM's slipping , '''. credit rating .

The tuture of AJnerica's ;,.. auto industry is uncertain. /' but the lesson of the 1m·

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mediate post is clear . Prof· its benefit everyone. With· out prOfits. businesses . shrivel and die. .

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Lobo! Movement

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by Joe Typho Hi. My name is Joe. I was just appointed to be the Michigan Review's official satirist. That means I get to write satire. You know, parodies. It's going to be really funny because there are so many silly things going on here, So I can't wait to get started.

First, a little about myself. I like to write satire. You know, like in MAD magazine. Except I don't draw little cartoons to fill up the margins. So once I see something ripe for a takeotT, well, you'll read it in here.

A few things happened the last couple of weeks which could easily be satirized. Last week the Chairman of the People's Sit-In Co-op tried to replicate his greatest feat, swimming five miles up the Huron River in twelve minutes. But he ran aground at the Barton Hills Country Club four miles short of his goal. The Country Club members painted him red, stuck some granola in his mouth. and roasted him over a pit. That last sentence was a joke. Ha Ha Ha, Wasn't that great satire? Boy, this is a fun job.

A more serious story involves PSC member . Inlberi\ . McSchwein, who recently attacked U-M students for their "middle-class mindsets", claiming that such students "know nothing

about portfolios, They live in Middle America. have dirty fingernails, have never been to Vegas, and have earned their way through school. That all leads them to uncritically accept their bourgeois values." Delbert then suggested investing in Gulf Oil. Someone asked, "What about Shell Oil and their links to apartheid?" Delbert said, "Shell's morals are obnoxious, Also, they have a lousy rate of return." I thought, gee, I can satirize that. I mean, I like to write satire. Maybe I could make Delbert an ' investment banker spouting upper-class Marxist drivel. But then I realized that Delbert is an investment adviser spouting upper-class Marxist drivel. He's so silly that he parodies himself. Gee. with more people like him I might be out of a job, Well, that's about all I've got for this month. Isn't satire a lot 'Of fun? I like to write satire. I hope you don't think I'm being redundant. You know, repetitive. Saying the same thing over and over. Bye,

1!

Joseph Typho is a graduate student in the School of Natural Resources and Buddhist Studies and is Chairman for Hang Glider Leafleting in Lenawee County for the Dean Baker Campaign.

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Apley continued from page 10 REVIEW: How should the State of Michigan reform liability insurance?

APLEY: The package that the State Senate passed last April was very good. It included tort reform, malpractice reform and dram shop liability. Unfortunately, the House felt the need to disagree, so the package is now in conference committee. We need to look at arbitration as a method of settlement, putting a cap on malpractice insurance. Regarding dram shop liability, it is very tough for a bar owner to keep up costs, because liability insurance has skyrocketed.

REVIEW: Who is Dale Apley and why should he be elected?

APLEY: I am a person who thinks state government should get rid of some professional politicians. It is very discouraging to see people who think they should spend their lives in the State Senate. I do not necessarily agree with the concept of a part-time legislature, but we should limit the number of terms that a legislator can serve. I am conservative when it comes to economic philosophy, but more moderate on social issues.

Forum continued from page 6

Two other faults that exist as a result of the Electoral College are discrimination against big and small states, and the effects of the present lack of voter turnout in certain states, The Electoral College is discriminatory against big states because each state can send at least three electors to the electorate (two senators plus one representative equals three electors). This system favors small states, for examples Alaska. which .only has three electors, has an elector-to-voter ratio of 1:75,000; while California, which has 47 electoral votes, has an elector-to-voter ratio of 1:393,000.

Hence. an Alaskan's vote is worth 5.24 times more tha.n a Californian's, (It should be noted that big and .small refer to population and not the size of a state. It is quite obvious that Alaska is "bigger" than California), The Electoral College also favors large states. Because of the winner-take-all system, a candidate who wins by one vote in New York gets 36 electoral votes, but a candidate who wins . by 17 votes in Wyoming still only gets 3 electoral votes.

Decreasing voter turnout in some states is an example of how fault' the Electoral College is, For example, in the Presidential election of 1968. Connecticut voters cast 6000 more votes than Tennessee voters; yet Tennessee still sent three more electors to the Electoral College than Connecticut.

Those who favor the Electoral College Congressmen. five Senators, and five Sudo so for one primary reason. They believe preme Coun justices was appointed by that the elimination of the Electoral Col- Congress to determine who won, To make lege would lead to the destruction of the a long story short. the Democrats and the two-party system upon which American Republicans struck a political deal and politics is based. This is true. This is not, Hayes was elected, Thus. political corhowever, bad. As a matter of fact, the ruption may adversely affect the results of destruction of the two--oartv system might an election. be beneficial. Some people vote for a While America's system of electing its candidate because of their pany affilia- leader has been in existence longer than tion. By disposing of the two-pany system, any other country's in the world, this does candidates would be forced to address not mean it is perfect. The United States is vital issues that would affect the entire the only major Western nation in the public instead of depending on pany world that still does not elect its President loyalty. If no candidate received a by direct popular vote, Although the majority of the popular vote, the election Electoral College has existed for almost would not be decided in the House. 200 years. it has proven itself fallible in at Instead, there could be a runoff between least four presidential elections. and has the candidates who received the highest finally become obsolete. Its elimination, and the second highest percentages of the however. is inevitable and should ha\-e popular vote. This way a candidate must occurred long ago, America has been receive at least 40% of the popular vote to gradually heading toward a democracy win. based on elections by popular vote. This The last reason that the Electoral Col- was first evident in 1913 when the Sevlege should be abolished is because of enteenth Amendment provided for the cenain events in the election of 1876. In popular election of U,S. Senators. and the this election the Democratic candidate, political system did not fall apan. ThereSamuel THElen, received 200,000 more fore, with the popular election of the popular votes than his Republican oppo- president by at least 40% of the popular nent, Rutherford B. Hayes. but Hayes vote. and the disbanding of the Electoral won. This occurred as the result of a College. America would have finally "dispute" over which electors from Aor- reached the destiny mentioned by Presiida, Louisiana, and South Carolina should dent Lincoln of a", , , government ofth~ be sent to the Electoral College, To solve people, by the people. for the people. this "dispute" a committee composed of

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page 12 THE MICHIGAN REVIEW ....••...........•.•..•...........••.•.....•••.•............... -.............

November, 1986 ·············~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Abba Eban at Rackham

by Steve George

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Abba Eban, an Israeli statesman and historian, spoke at Rackham Auditorium on October 15. Eban, who has served as both chief UN delegate and Ambassador to the United States from Israel, delivered a lecture entitled "The Jewish Presence in Civilization: A Historical Overview" to a nearly full auditorium crowd.

lecture, he addressed Jewish history in an attempt to portray the Jews not as victims of society, but as originators of highly respected ideals and important concepts in science and literature.

In order to develop a framework for his conclusions, Mr. Eban stated that the Jewish "legacy" is founded upon four "mysteries": preservation, resonance, suffering. and renewal.

UM Alumnus Wins Nobel Prize The Review would like to extend its congratulations to U of M alumnus Stanley Cohen for winning the 1986 Nobel Prize for Medecine.

Cohen is sixty-three years of age, and received his doctorate here in 1948.

Professor Nils Robert Ringertz, chainnan of the Nobel Committee for Medecine, claimed that two-hundred scientists or teams of scientists were nominated for this year's prize.

Cohen and co-winner Rita Levi-Montalcini discovered factors explaining the regulation of growth and differentiation of cells. As a result of their discoveries, new treatments may be developed for strokes, high blood pressure due to cholesterol, and arteriosclerosis.

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philosophies of the Jewish prophets and sages to all Jews, the faith was made strong enough to survive the Diaspora.

The preservation of the Jewish identity, according to He further developed the legacy of Eban, came not from the creation of temples or statues, Judaism by exploring the avenues of but rather through the solidarity of -thought and the ancient thOUght. In no other classical development of a "portable culture." philosophy was peace revered as an ideal. While Greece and Rome glamMr. Eban is a prominent historian Exploring these mysteries, he claimed, orized the life of a warrior, Judaism who has written many books on can give insight into the modem extolled a life of peace and justice. He Israel, the Jewish people, and their Jewish position in society. also spoke of the Jewish people as the philosophies, as well as hosting the The preservation of the Jewish first to employ moral choice and television series Heritage: Civilization identity, according to Eban, came not progress in their thinking. of the Jews. He once said, "My from the creation of temples or statEban characterized Rome and vocation has been to explain the ues, but rather through the solidarity Greece as "gloomy" empires, believJewish people to a confused and often of thought and the development of a ing .in the. predetenniWltion of their ,.~emfj_,:·::WOdd.'~·.·'In",this ~·portab~···cUlture~~·· By·-·tea'chitigthe'existence and the cycle of history

which caused them to stagnate. He then spoke of the outlook of the Jewish people who lived their lives in a constant, ongoing search for messianic perfection.

Although Eban's personification of the ancients seems a bit one-sided, he later said that the 'ancient Jewish kingdoms were not guided by these ideals. Instead they were driven by the same greed and folly that eventually see page 14

Steve George is a Sophomore in Chemical Engineering and a staff writer for the Review.

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Moscow State· Symphony

by Rick Dyer On October 16th at Hill Auditorium, the Moscow State Symphony Orchestra put on a fantastic show..

Yevgeny Svetlanov, music director of the symphony since 1965, conducted the orchestra's scheduled program of Brahms' Concerto in A minor and Rachmaninotl's Symphony No.2 in E minor, followed by three encores. It was the first concert by a Soviet orchestra in the United States since 1979 and the first Ann Arbor concert

by Svetlanov since 1975.

The concert began on somewhat of a surprise note, as the large orchestra took the stage and began playing the American and Soviet national anthems. The Audience stood and sang the "Star Spangled Banner" and remained standing for the Soviet's anthem. After playing the two anthems, Yevgeny Svetlanov took the stage and began Brahms' concerto.

Brahms' Concerto, written for the rare combination of Violin, Cello, and Orchestra, is a difficult piece. Loved

by some as THE Double Concerto, while described by others as stiff and mechanical, it is obvious that it requires absolute perfection of both orchestra and soloists. As the program notes for the concert stated, "The Double Concerto, unlike most of the great works of Brahms, succeeds or fails with the audience on the basis of the quality and distinction of the perfonnance. " Moscow State Symphony's performance was, in most respects, superb. Natalia Gutman, the solo cellist, though occasionally difficult to discern, played her part accurately and with great feeling. Particularly noteworthy was her first cadenza. Her interpretation of the first allegro movement of the piece was so dramatic it left one wishing Brahms had continued it for twice its length.

Oleg Kagan, the sol. violin, played his part with equal grace. He moved smoothly through the piece with a beautiful timbre. His interpretation fulfilled the technical precision re-

quired by the piece while maintaining a sense of lyric introspection. It was this compromising position of precision and graceful expression that prevented the perfonnance from sacrificing feeling for precision or viceversa.

Most impressive of all was the ability of the orchestra to play with such cohesive unity. Their playing was so precise that one could imagine the entire violin section being one instrument. Nothing varied the slightest bit from the rest of the orchestra. It was the ability of the orchestra to exactly follow Svetla· nov's hand that allowed one to revel in the abstract beauty of precise order inherent in the piece.

The perfonnance of Rachmaninotl'sSymphony No. 2 in E minor was equally impressive. The symphony is a beautiful, rich, romantic piece, full of quick, contrasting shifts in mood and melody. Expression is far more important than technical perfection. This expression was

clearly felt by the audience, particularly in the long clarinet solos and orchestral crescendos.

Svetlanov provided a very dramatic rendition of Rachmaninotl's work.

His exaggerated tempos and volumes moved the audience from one end of the spectrum to the other. This exaggerated stance towards the music tended to heighten the drama and emotion of the piece. The orchestra, as in the Brahms piece, was unfailingly precise in following the conductor's lead.

Both the Brahms and Rachmaninoffpieces were greeted with standing ovations almost four minutes long.

Each of the short encores was followed by ovations over a minute long. As the last encore ended, one hoped that it would not be another ten years before the symphony returned.

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Rick Dyer is a Freshman in LSA and a staff writer for the Review.

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November, 1986

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW page 13

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ROTC continued from page 4

ARMY ROTC The Army ROTC program (ROTC) trains cadets to serve as Regular Army (USA), the Army National Guard, or Ariny Reserve (USAR). Cadets completing this program are commissioned as Second Lieutenants, and may choose a career in the USA, a limited period of active duty, or part-time service in the USAR or National Guard, depending on the needs of the Army. Graduates get training in one of the Army's sixteen branches, such as Aviation, Military Intelligence, Infantry, Armor, or the Corps of Engineers. Non-scholarship students participating in the first two years of ROTC (Military Science 1 & 2) are under no obligation and may disenroU at any time prior to their junior years. In the freshman year, MSl cadets learn the function, structure, and the history of the army. They also learn military customs and courtesies, and land navigation. This instruction is mainly through a weeldy one hour lecture. Cadets get the chance to practice what they have leamed, in addition to military tac~ics, repelling, . arid marksmanshjp, during. a . 90 minute weekly laO. on occasional weekend field trainings. In MS2, cadets who want to and are qualified can get training in regular Army schools such as Airborne or Air Assault. Students can enroU in the progrclm starting in their junior years after attending a six week summer training program the preceding summer, held at Fort Knox, Kentucky.

MS3 cadets study military communication and military tactics in two hours oflecture per week, and take on some of the training responsibilities in the weeldy lab. During the summer foUowing MS3, all cadets are required to attend the six week Advanced Camp, held at Fort Lewis in Washington, before enrollment in MS4. At this camp, cadets participate in exercises much the same as they have been in lab but on a day-to-day basis in a more stringent, military environment.

MS4 cadets take on the responsibility for the training of underclass cadets in lab, and command the ROTC Battalion. In lecture, they study military justice, ethics, professionalism, and leadership for two hours per week.

Army officers commissioned through ROTC mayor may not have an active duty obligation. Cadets on scholarship usually have to serve four years active duty in the USA, while those not on scholarship may just serve in the Reserves, depending on the needs of the Army.

and

to get involved in , such as yearbooks and newspapers for each service, the Tri-Service Rifle Team, "Scabbard and Blade," which is a tri-service honorary society, "The Arnold Air Society," an honorary organization for AFROTC cadets, "The Semper Fi Society" for Marine and Navy midshipmen, and "Raiders" for Army cadets. All ROTC students, apart and as a whole, also perform service work for the benefit of the University and the surrounding commmunity. One of the year's main attractions is the tri-service Haunted House, held in the "morgue" of North Hall, which used to be the old Universiyt Hospital.

Marine-option Midshipman Glenn A. Klecker, a junior majoring in me~ chanical engineering, says the ROTC program "endeavors to instill ... the leadership qualitites necessary to produce good "Officers of Men" through a well-patterned program organized by midshipmen (and cadets) consisting of .. . activities such as March of Dimes fund raisers, blood drives, and other Ur\1versity sponsored events."

ROTC has been on the University "A lot o/people iidicule ROTC and protest against us. of Michigan campus for many years.

That's fine because that is what we're protecting-the Although enrollment has declined people's right to complain." since the days when ROTC training was mandatory for all male students, At the end of the freshman year, shipmen usually serve two years in the it was able to survive through the mid$hipmen . attend . Third-Clas.s . Re$erves. Officers going into special- heavy anti-military sentiment on cruiSc!.tfuHng " thi~·.. tlfograrri, '· Irtid;.······ ti~s· sut'b'as Manne''A Vi~morl or the 6nnpus during ' the late Slxties and shipmen live the life of an enlisted nuclear field have a longer service early Seventies. Even today, its presman aboard a regular Navy ship for obligation. ence on campus is resented by some of about one month. Only those midOne problem cadets and mid- the more "radical" factions, who have shipmen on scholarship may particishipmen have is having to take ROTC protested for the end of "war training" pate. classes in addition to the courses by such peaceful means as the deDuring their sophomore years, needed for their degrees. Although the struction of University property by midshipmen third-class are lectured CoUege of Engineering does allow spray-painting North Hall (the ROTC three hours per week on electronic some ROTC credit to be used as building) with anti-military slogans, sensing systems (radar, sonar, missile electives, LS & A grants no credit for or the harassment of ROTC students guidance), seapower, maritime affairs, ROTC. Army cadets take an addi- by calling them "baby-killers" or and astrO-navigation. Attendance at tional 12 credits on top of the 120 some other complimentary name and drill is also required. needed for their degrees, AFROTC 16 by spitting on them. But the cadets After the sophomore year, midcredits, and NROTC midshipmen as and midshipmen are willing to put up shipmen attend Second-Oass Cruise. much as 17 credits. Many ROTC with this. Cadet Crawford puts it like This is four weeks long, with each students feel this is unfair. Some this: "A lot of people ridicule ROTC week devoted to a different subject: classes, especially upperclass ROTC and protest against us. That's fine surface ships, submarines, aviation, classes, have equivalent University because that is what we're and the Marine Corps. Once again, courses, some are even crosslisted in protecting-the people's right to only those midshipmen on scholarLS&A departments, but when taken complain. One of the reasons I'm in ship attend the cruise. through ROTC, no credit is granted.

AFROTC is to protect the right of the As in the other two military training In AFROTC, for example, the AS300 people to choose their own lifestyle. programs, students can opt to begin management course is about the same Well, a lot of people on campus have NROTC in their junior years. This is as a Business School management chosen a lifestyle that includes pradone by attending a six week program course, and one of the books in the testing the military. But why should at the Naval Science Institute (NSI).

AS400 course is used in a 400-level they harass us because we chose a After completion, students start their political science course. In NROTC, military lifestyle? Because those of us junior year as midshipmen secondthe astra-navigation course is crosin ROTC and the military are proclass. slisted in the Astronomy Department, tecting their right to voice their oJunior year is when the training of but ROTC midshipmen receive no pinion, even if that opinion is not in Naval officers and Marine officers LS&A credit. The granting of credit 1t our favor." differ. Marine-option midshipmen for ROTC courses has been a topic for must take during their junior and discussion in LS&A for many years. senior years a NROTC course in In the past, professors have voted amphibious warfare, Evolution of down -Ptoposals to grant credit. This Warfare (History 389, offered through . will probably not change in the near LS & A), and two other University future. " courses, such as in econoJaics or All three ROTC programs have · political science, from a list of extracurricular activities for members

NAVY ROTC The Navy ROTC program (NROTC) trains students, known as midshipmen, to serve as officers in the Navy (USN), or Marine Corps (USMC), or in the Naval or Marine Reserve. Upon completion of the Naval or Marine~ption programs, midshipmen are commissioned as Ensigns in the Navy or Second Lieutenants in the Marines. After commissioning, officers receive additional training in whatever specialty they have chosen, such as surface ships for Navy officers, or aviation for Marines.

In the freshman year, fourth-class midshipmen have two hours of lecture per week concerning the function and structure of the Navy, and about the technicalities of ship systems.

Midshipmen must also attend approximately two hours of drill per week in addition to the lectures. At drill, midshipmen learn and practice marching, or attend seminars on different subjects that enhance their officer training.

NROTC approved classes. Navy Midshipmen take lectures in navigation and naval operations secondclass (junior) year, and leadership and management first-class (senior) year.

During the summer following junior year, First-Oass Cruise for Navy midshipmen is spent on a ship for about one month living the life of an officer. The midshipman assists an officer commanding a division of the ship. Marine-option midshipmen attend what is called "Bulldog," which is a six week program of Marine officer training for NROTC midshipmen. All midshipmen attend First-Class Cruise.

First-class year is spent, in addition to lectures, commanding the NROTC Battalion. Seniors hold positions of leadership to prepare them for duty as officers.

The active-duty commitment of officers commissioned through NROTC varies much the same way as for AFROTC and ROTC. Scholarship recipients usually serve four years active duty; non-scholarship mid-

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page 14 THE MICHIGAN REVIEW •••••••••••••

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Eban

continued from page 12 brought the great empires to their knees. Jews, Eban revealed, have not always been diplomats.

The second mystery, that of resonance, is the power of a tiny people to have a great voice in the world. He cited ancient Athens as an example.

Athens yielded great works of art, literature, and science, all with a population of only 100,000. "Small peoples," Eban said, "need not be depressed about their ability to leave a mark on history." He then summed up the disproportionate contribution of the Jewish people to Western culture by pointing out that twenty-nine percent of all American Nobel Prize winners were Jewish, compared to a Jewish population of only three percent. "The ability for a people to transcend its smallness by vitality of spirit," Eban contends, "is the keynote to Jewish history."

Thirdly, Eban spoke of the mystery of suffering. It is no mystery that the Jewish people have suffered, but Eball contends that the memory of this suffering is what fills the Jewish pea-

pie with vitality. That they have been through such desperation and survived represents to Eban the power of the Jews to overcome their weaknesses.

The fourth mystery, that of renewal, deals with the observed ability of the Jews to emerge from great dispersion and reunite. Throughout history, the Jews have been persecuted, but Eban claimed that this mysterious ability to renew has powered them onward and insured their survival. When it became necessary for the Jews to regroup and defend themselves, they always did. Israel, Eban remarked, is the recognition by the rest of the world of this ability. By granting statehood, the world provided the Jews with a permanent base and regathering point, and is ensuring the continued survival of the Jewish people. After spelling out his framework, Eban applied it to the emergence of the Jew into modem history. He urged the audience to look at Jewish history with a revisionist perspective, calling · for the abandonment of romanticism

in certain elements of Jewish heritage.

The revolts of the Jews against Rome, Eban argued, were not a representation of good decision-making. Jews should no longer praise the folly of such revolts, but instead should look ahead to rational diplomacy designed to preserve and extend the Jewish legacy.

Before closing this speech, Eban spoke of the role of Israel in the modem world. He spoke ofIsrael as a "new citadel of self-preservation" where Jews have enough power to insure their survival, but he also lamented the fact that within Israel real problems exist. He encouraged his country to resolve the problem of the 1.3 million West Bank and Gaza Arabs, who represent thirty-six percent ofIsraet's population yet have no citizenship or self-determination.

Eban urged a compromise rather than allowing the "darkest cloud that hangs upon Israel" to remain indefinitely, but stated firmly that Israel could not jeopardize its security in the Middle East.

Mr. Eban concluded his presentation by fielding questions from the audience on historical issues as well as questions of current importance to Jews everywhere. When asked about the plight of Soviet Jews, he praised the United States for demanding "a change of attitude on the Jewish question" from the Soviet Union. He added that there were at least 250,000 Russian Jews who would emigrate if the opportunity were presented. He seemed pleased that the issue was beginning to recieve global attention.

Abba Eban's 'appearance was the first presentation of the ShanikFleischer Forum, a recently established forum dedicated to studying the creative interaction of the Jewish people with Western civilization. This forum will sponsor other lectures and discussions analyzing the valuable contribution of the ,Jewish people to modem Western society.

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Mozambique continued from page 5 FRELIMO failed to reb,uild crucial links between the city and the country.

Lack of experience seemed to be FRELIMO's biggest hinderance.

In recent years, through trial and

tons of aid in food to Mozambique.

They have also joined the World Bank. In 1983 and 84, relations between the U.S. and Mozambique were substantially normalized. The

An escalation in hostility between South Africa and Mozambique could have devastating implications for the whole region. error, FRELIMO has brought the country to a certain level of stability.

Still committed to Marxism, its domestic policy has taken a second place to concerns of international relations. FRELIMO has always tried to have a very open foreign policy while maintaining its own commitment to socialism. During and after the liberation war, FRELIMO retained support from the USSR and PRe. In general, it has attempted to build closer ties with smaller countries. It has good relations with East Germany, Bulgaria, Sweden, Holland, France and Italy. All have provided significant aid, investment, and technical assistance. These countries helped during the war, and as smaller countries, are easier to deal with.

Another tie that binds appears to be a concern that they will be exploited by the great powers. Cuba too has played a role in providing technicians and teachers for Mozambique.

The USSR is Mozambique's main arms supplier. It has also provided technicians and built schools. For these reasons, as well as the Marxist line of the government, the US has considered Mozambique to be an ally of the Soviet Union. Mozambique applied to join Comecon, the socialist economic community, but the USSR rejected the bid because it count not subsidize Mozambique to the same extent it supports Cuba and Vietnam.

Mozambique's refusal to grant the Soviets a military base was also a . factor. The Soviets have tended to regard Mozambique as Marxistoriented, not full Marxist-Leninist.

Mozambique has been on and off the US aid blacklist. In October 1977, Jimmy Carter met with President Michel and in time, diplomatic relations have been established. The Reagan Administration has preferred a policy of constructive engagement.

In January 1981, FRELIMO discovered alleged CIA infiltration into their Central Committee. The accused operatives were passing on information to South African security services. More recently. because of problems with South Africa, Mozambique has began courting the US. In 1983. the U.S. began giving 43,000

Mozambique and South Africa in the Nkomati Accord negotiations. Although Mozambique expectations have not been fulfilled, and South Africa has strayed from meeting the agreement, the U.S.'s role was important to Mozambique. In 1985 President Michel met with President Reagan. It was a bold political chance for the President to meet with an avowed Marxist.

While the U.S. maintains cordial relations with Mozambique, the Administration has no official policy statement regarding the country. The State Department has no sense of control over policy and operates in an ambiguous manner. A step in a concerned direction was taken on the ""ee}cend of()ct~~~ 10, .1986, when the U.S: issued a ptotestrtote toS6tith"' Africa for cutting off employment of Mozambican miners in South Africa.

More than 40,000 Mozambicans worked in South African mines. The miners sent back $50 million per year to Mozambique, as important a source of foreign exchange as cashew nuts (Mozambique's largest export).

As a result of South Africa's action, Mozambique issued a military alert, believing that a South African invasion was imminent. The Zimbabwean Army is in Mozambique to protect the government as Mozambican forces, per se, do not exist. South Africa has consistently given Mozambique problems. In colonial times, Port of Lourenco Marques was developed to serve South Africa, which also became one of the largest employers of cheap Mozambican labor. Maputo drew its electricity from the South African grid and Mozambican industry grew up dependent on South Africa for parts, raw materials, and services.

South Africa curbed its dependence on Maputo as an international port, and on May 23, 1983, launched an undeclared war on Mozambique, subsequently bombing Maputo. South Africa also backs the MNR, a guerilla force, in Mozambique. As a result of the war, FRELIMO no longer imports its corn, coal, seed, potatoes and other items from South Africa. Instead, it purchases them from Zimbabwe.

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South Africa still wields a great deal of power in the region and resents the SADCC (Southern African Development Coordination Committee), of which Mozambique is a part. An escalation in hostility between South Africa and Mozambique could have devastating implications for the entire region.

FRELIMO inherited a fragile, weakly integrated country. The administration broke down and did not reach into a lot of areas, thus, Mozambique is still not controlled by the government. It is not at unrest, ·it is merely not controlled. The stability of the government could be devastated with a full-scale conflict with South Africa.

The U.S. is not very powerful in southern Africa. What the U.S. usually does there is merely symbolic.

U.S. support of anti-Communist guerilla forces in Angola has scored few points in the region. The notion that the U.S. can eliminate the Cubans' involvement by supporting the opposition is viewed by most critics as the height of naivete.

Amona .US. co~servative ~oups 'thattak'e aspemalinterest in ·Arne-a, there is currently a movement towards shifting policy to back the MNR in Mozambique. The rationale for such a move is that support of

anti-Communists in Angola is incongruous with supporting the Marxists in Mozambique. We could exercise greater control in Africa if, through guerilla forces, we could overthrow the Communist-backed governments.

Those opposing the conservatives argue that it would be a real mistake for the U.S. to shift to the MNR and lose even more credibility than we have already lost in Africa.

One thing is certain. The current situation in tenuous and promises to take on enormous significance in months to come. Mozambique is a crucial area. It has all the essentials for development: land, water, energy, and minerals. There are vast coal reserves, untapped gas reserves, and possibly even oil. They have potential to produce steel and aluminum. Much of the land is still unused and the potential for agricultural development and tropical export crops like citrus and bananas is great. Mozambique's strategic location, on the basin between Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Tanzania, coupled with Mozambique's military potential, cannot be overlooked. What happens in southetnAfrica will have a rippling effect over the entire continent and certainly reach the body of Europe as well as America.

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hootdown continued from page 7

Second, the people in control of merican intelligence at the time, ncluding William Casey at the CIA, ere not above authorizing such a angerous, illegal and immoral act, ccording to Johnson. These men ere reckless in their use of power, nd this, combined with what Johnon describes as a paranoia of the viet Union, could have led them to kay the proposal that a civilian irliner be used to engage Soviet air efense forces in the Pacific.

Finally, the supposed failure ofU.S. forces to recover KAL 007's "black boxes" is rediculous, Johnson claims.

The U.S. possesses the most up-todate equipment for djeep water salvaging, and KAL 007 came to rest in only 200 feet of water. Shortly after first word of a missing commercial flight reached Washington, however, a story was leaked t9,tbe press that KAL 007 had been forced down by the Soviets and was at that time safe on the Soviet ·sland of Sakhalin. Johnson theorizes hat this announcement, which he laims came from the CIA, was a ploy

to gain time for American naval vessels to recover the black boxes and have them destroyed, lest they contain incriminating evidence against the U.S. While most of the evidence in support of Johnson's theory that Korean Air Lines Flight 007 was on a spy mission authorized by the U.S. is circumstantial and non-factual, the sheer amount ofthis evidence lends a great deal of legitimacy to Johnson's claim. Shootdown is well written and very entertaining. At some points it is impossible to put down. While Seymour Hersh's The Target Is Destro.ved has received greater attention, it is certainly not the final word on the subject. Before anyone can come to a conclusion about the true circumstances surrounding the destruction of KAL 007 by a Soviet fighter and the deaths of 269 innocent passengers. both books should be read in order to gain a thorough understanding of both authors' theories and claims. l!

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~ooks

THE OUTSIDE STORY. By Richard Brookhiser. Doubleday and Company, New York, 1986. 298 pages.

A flood of election books begins to inundate the market roughly a year or so after each Presidential election. All of these books are in one way or another modeled after Teddy White's Making a/the President series, in that the authors attempt to get at the "true", inside story of the campaign and place the events and the results in the context of "What It All Means."

These books are not all effective.

Many adopt overt ideological tones which obscure any insights in a rain of

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ry wrote for National Review and took in his experiences along the trail mUll 1\ did any other reporter. Bt.. tlrookhiser's view is that of an outsider, not a participant or a columnist or one with influence. Thus he avoids the trap of staying on the inside and avoiding the outsiders; the voters.

Brookhiser writes from a pro-Reagan slant, but he is fair and incisive.

As liberal columnist Murray Kempton states in the introduction: "He (Brookhiser) can deplore Jesse Jackson and at the same time keep his heart open to receive those moments when Jackson, alone among the candidates around him, sounded as though he were speaking not about but from the poor."

Brookhiser looks at each of the

"Cuomo has found, in consensus and prudence, a way of having religion when he wanted it and not having it when he didn't." rhetoric (a couple of the fawning 1980 pro-Reagan books fit this description as does Elizabeth Drew's 1984 Campaign Journal, which could be Su~;,\ titled " Why Reagan Sho uld Have Lost and Why It Makes No Sense to Me"), An ideological perspective is not necessarily bad-bias it not the problem; the often-resultant lack of objectivity is.

Due to the need to present the inner workings and the dirty secrets of the campaign, authors often adopt an insider mindset, which can be interesting to "Agronsky and Company" viewers, but few others. In so doing the authors often stay "within the Beltway" and ignore the voters.

A good example is Walter Mondale's call for a tax increase. Admittedly, almost all election chroniclers now view Mondale's call as a gamble that backfired. But many of these authors at the time of the Democratic convention viewed the move as a brilliant strategy that would corner Reagan and destroy one of Reagan's pet issues, taxation. If any of the experts had bothered to venture out to, say, Chelsea and ask the people themselves, they would have realized that the move had immediately reinforced Mondale's "tax and spend" image.

In analyzing a campaign one needs to see the whole picture, the candidate, the campaign and strategy, and the voters. Richard Brookhiser accomplishes this in The Outside Story, an unpretentious chronicle of the 1984 campaign. Brookhiser based his work on several candidate portraits he

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by Steve Angelotti

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contenders and their backgrounds as well as the events that led them to their conventions (Reagan, Mondale, Han! · and ·i~~~,g) ,·.iOJ!;ile4c~mJQ'

drop out (Alan Cranston and John Glenn in particular). His account of how the Reagan administration has changed the agenda on many key issues through successes on the budget, taxes, and foreign affairs is especially well-done.

The analysis of the failings of John Glenn's campaign is also outstanding.

Glenn tried too hard to present a moderate "electable" image to a Democratic primary electorate that was skewed too far to the left. Due to his attacks on the liberals and the speciaLinterests, he was left without a base.

Another highlight is Brookhiser's analysis of Jesse Jackson. Jackson as preacher was and is far more effective and important than Jackson the demagogue, the father of the monochromatic rainbow. Jackson's antiSemitism and association with Louis Farrakhan, avoided or glossed over by many writers, is thoroughly explored and critiqued by Brookhiser. But Brookhiser also explains Jackson's considerable abilities and appeal.

Another series of important insights come from Brookhiser's analysis of New York governor Mario Cuomo's speech at Notre Dame on abortion.

Cuomo made a much-ballyhooed intellectual re-evaluation of his public position on the issue then spoke to defend not working to change PWicy or attitudes on the issue. Cuomo repeatedly stated that it was wrong to

try to overturn the consensus on ab"rtion for moral reasons. The consensus, however, was a consensus of the Supreme Court; the polling data (and abortion laws prior to Roe v.

Wade) indicate that the public has different feelings on the matter.

Cuomo was well aware of this; instead of an intellectual journey he grasped straws in order to rationalize a position; an act of intellectual cowardice.

As Brookhiser put it: "Who provided the consensus on abortion? Two hundred million Americans, ultimately. But wasn't Governor Cuomo a prominent and respected one of them? When, before Notre Dame, had he made a resonant statement of his personal opmlOn on abortion? . ..

His politics and his judgment of the consensus coincided to a remarkable degree. Cuomo had found, in consensus and prudence. a way of having religion when he wanted it and not having it when he didn't."

Brookhiser's analysis of why Reagan won centers on the leadership issue and the general approval of '···Reagan~ ·acttqfis~>'tfeaiftRfeeS . with

the notion that Reagan's victory was one of image: Brookhiser's reading of the voters is ditferent and he argues forcefully for his claim.

Brookhiser offers many interesting insights and outsights in his fascinating retrospective on the 1984 election.

His unique perspective from the outside has allowed him to thoroughly explore the events of j 984. His future efforts and analyses should prove to be intriguing.

n

Steve Angelotti is a graduate student in the Institute of Public Policy Studies and an Executive Editor of the Review.

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THE EXPERTS AGREE GUN CONTROL WORKS

HITLER

CASTRO

I(HADAf'Y

STALIN

The experts have always agreed that gun control is the Single best way to take freedom away from the people. It worked in Nazi Germany, and gun control works today in Cuba, libya and the Soviet Union, Today, a bunch of do-gooders, politicians and their friends in the media are trying to make gun control work in America. These people feel that I~---------------~-----l1nlq.:un 'i"I)(!rl\" ,lOll', \jlol'.t" lor t l\l~j'd if you aren't allowed to own a gun, II I~Ttw".'

"1\ nmlnbulHHl of SIS 525 550 5"~1 S __ _ our nation will be a "better" place. I And they're very close to making it I tn hl~lp k~p my frnooom iilJIV'f' I happen.

I ,~ Yes' I'Il,olu M~ membPr~hlp ft't' t'nciow"i $1') Annufll $'ltl Fn,' II',\( Sl\4') Ltf,< Fortunately, you still have the f I freedom to say no to these I \1r.'Mr ... '\"" I "experts", I ,-'\ddfl"'''' You can say NO by Clipping the I Ctl\'iSI,lll' lip c<wpon on this page and sending it I ;jh·d In 01\ along with your membership fee or 1 {'lhH~.' Illl 1'\)1 your contribution to the Citizens I \ Committee for the Right to Keep I SIInd to (;Itiun. CummHtH (m th~ f Rillht Itl Ke-~-p and 8~.r Arf'ra and Bear Arms.

I I Uberty P..I., 11$00 1I:E T.~th PI I Say it today, tomorrow may be I BeoHW"\'u-r. WA 9SOO~ I ___ I I~-'-,!:,!" - - - ____ _ too late.

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