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Volume 8, Number 8

April 1990

Animal Research at the U-M

by Vincent DeSantis At campuses and laboratories across the country, the moral concerns of the treatment of animals have led to the formation of groups opposed to what they consider the unethical treatment of animals. Although the University of Michigan has avoided the turbulent atmosphere found on some campuses, the U-M does have its share of activists and controversy.

At the U-M, Students Concerned About Animal Rights (SCAAR), an animal rights group, has brought these issues to light. SCAAR, which currently has 30 active members, was founded in 1989 by Christine Crandal, an LSA senior, to increase awareness of all animal rights issues. Currently its most prominent concerns are fur wearing, farm animal husbandry, cosmetic testing, animal experimentation, and the use of pound animals in experimentation.

SCAAR president Christopher Coen summed up the group's views on animal testing at the U-M when he said, "We're not anti-science at all. We do not, however, agree with repetitive, wasteful, and unscientific testing."

SCAAR maintains that the money used on medical research and experi-

mentation for diseases could be better spent on the prevention of those dis-

dividual through the use of animals in experimentation, is, in many cases, the

Dr. Daniel Ringler and one of his best friends. eases. It also alleges that "careerism" - the promotion of a career of an in-

researchers' first consideration instead of the improvement of the human con-

German Reunification Debated

by Clifton Gault For much of the 20th century, Germany has been the world's center of crisis and conflict. Since the end of World War II, it has been a divided nation. But recent international developments will probably allow Germany to reunite within the next couple of years.

Not everyone is enthusiastic abou t these developments, however. Many Europeans have not forgotten the destruction of two wars, and they fear that the continent will fall increasingly

under German economic domination.

Here at the University of Michigan, there has naturally been a great deal of discussion about the prospect of German reunification. On Sunday, April 8, former U.S. ambassador to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Herbert Okun, spoke on campus about German reunification at the invitation of the Jewish Law Students Association.

Okun, who served under.former

President Ronald Reagan in the early 19805, prefers to see the current situation in a broad historical perspective. ''What we are seeing today is the final act of World War II," said Okun. He says we are presently witnessing not only German reunification, but also, "the simultaneous disintegration of the Soviet Union, which puts a great deal of pressure on the European political system." Okun believes that German reu-

Nease See Page 14

dition.

Dr. Daniel Ringler, Director of the U-M's Unit of Animal Research, said, "One should realize that careerism is impossible because, at the very least, the money is just not available. Only 15 percent of the grants approved by the university's Committee on Use and Care of Animals (a non-biased governing committee required by law to ensure that all testing and animal husbanarylsdone accordIng to federal, state, local, and U-M law) are funded ... only the absolute best research is performed."

The members of SCAAR accuse the Animal Care and Use Committee of illegally closing its meetings tothe public. They argue that the meetings should be open because public funds are being used. They also believe that the public has the legal right to directly evaluate the committee's performance and determine whether questionable test are being performed.

Ringler, however, defended the committee. "The meetings are closed to the general public to prevent emotionalism from interfering with the

PleilSe See Page 14

Inside U-M and the CIA 6 Animal Testing: Pro-Cohen Con - Comninou

8 9

MSA Interviews: Aaron Williams 10 Jennifer Van Valey 11

,

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The Michigan Review, April 1990, p. 2

'Serpent's Tooth UCAR's most recent outburst of creativity, a shanty erected on Regents' Plaza, listed the groups latest list of "demands." Coincidentally, in last month's Review interview, the Dude said "The word 'demand' is overused in student language. When I see it, I cross it out and substitute the word 'recommend.'" Seeing how the shanty was located right outside the Fleming Administration Building, where the Dude has his office, we assume he had no trouble spray painting the correction before the shanty was removed.

In a recent Agenda essay, ''Barabara Ransby" (their byline, no joke) wrote that children are socialized into believing ''Black is bad, white is good." An example she used to illustrate this point involved the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, toys only little white boys could relate to,obviously. By naming the TMNTs after Western figures,like ''Michelangelo,'' and the villains supposedly after "themes from African-American and Afro--Caribbean musical culture," like "Rock Steady," children are taught to be racist. Sure thing, Barabara.

The Daily recently printed a letter entitled "Forget the Holocaust," only to discover it was forged. The next day, however, an editor's note claimed "The Daily ... will encourage the prosecution of those who lie about their identity." Take this statement with a grain of salt -:- this i~.:the same paper that printed a letter from Dean Baker (the former U-M grad student, not the

regent), who weeks before forged a letter in Rep. Carl Pursell's narne. The Daily editors admitted to knowing the letter was a forgery, yet in a typical orgy of analytical sobriety, defended themselves by murnbling sornething about freedom of speech. Somebody ought to teach them the meaning of the word ''hypocrite.''

Before losing the Second Ward City Council election, Democratic/Green candidate Valerie Ackerman had sorne interesting things to say to the Ann Arbor Metro Times: "Development -:- it really pi~ me off .... The free market doesn't work. If the free rnarket worked, I'd be for it." Maybe Valerie would have had better luck in Cuba, with the Cuban Cornrn~nist Party. At least they rig the elections there.

The James Duderstadt therne song, to the melody of the Beatles' "Hey Jude" (with a few liberties):

You're so diverse, You'd take a good school, And make it worse.

Remember, when you judge them by the wlor of their skin, And let them in, You lower standards ...

The Review applied for non-profit mailing status at the Ann Arbor Post Office in August of 1988. Two weeks ago, we learned our application was accepted. Now how did that saying ~'S fJeltlS

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The Moron of the Month Award goes to the nearly 80 percent of the carnpus that did not vote in the recent MSA elections. Next year, when we have speech codes, student-funded trips to third world nations, and anti-Greek hysteria, don't say wedidn'twam you.

Apathy has its price.

Top 5 nicknames for outgoing MSA President Aaron Williams:

The Campus Affairs Journal of the University of Michigan Editor-in-Chief John J. Miller Publishers Matthew Lund Carey Brian Meadors Executive Editors Adarn DeVore Brian Jendryka Mark Molesky

1. Maximum Leader 2. Van Valey Wanna-Be 3. The Living Paradox 4. The Gloved One 5. Aaron ''Lots 0' Free Time" Williams.

Assistant Editors Rahul Banta, Oifton Gault, Bob Juneja, Joseph Klein, Mark Tulkki

Top 5 nicknarnes for incoming MSA President Jennifer Van Valey:

Production Managers Ruth Armstrong Karen Brinkrnan

Hey Dude,

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go? "Through sleet and snow and red tape and inefficiency ... ?" We'll do some research and get back to you later.

THE MICHIGAN REVIEW

DON'T SE

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1. JV2 2. Valey Girl 3. That Blond Chic 4. Angela's Boss 5. Erin Williams

As one of its platforms in the recent election, the Conservative Coalition promised "Daily Reform." On the brighter side, we attheReview can rest at ease - at least Action doesn't want to reform us.

Moron of the Month Award, honorable mention, goes to Sean Higgins for perpetuatingthe rnythof the stupid athlete.

Sean has decided to forego his senior year at the U-M and try his luck in the NBA, not because he wants to rnake lots of rnoney, but because he likes the bench so rnuch.

Rob Earle, a former Daily editor who now has his own special little column in the Daily Weekend sections, recently called everybody over here at the Review ''bozos.'' Gosh Rob, that hurts. No, we're serious - that really hurts our feelings. We're so sorry for bothering you. Can you ever forgive us? Please?

We promise to be nice! Crnon Rob, let's be friends again:.. . . • • .. . . ' ,

Personnel Manager Vince Wilk Circulation Director Chris Terry Editor Emeritus Marc Selinger Staff Deepak Bapna, Brad Bernatek, Thomas Binkow, David Boettger, Michael Bonanno, Jirn Borninski, Bryan Case, Vincent DeSantis, Brian Garnbs, Peter Harbage, Jeff Hartgen, Nicholas Hoffrnan, Michelle Janoschka, Phil Johnston, Mark Kalinowski, Michael Murray, Latha Palaniappan, Josh Shackrnan, John Transue, Chau-Ye Wu The Michiglln ReDiew is an independent, non-profit, student-run journal at the University of Michigan. We are not affiliated with any political party. We welrome letters and articles and enrourage romments about the journal and issues discussed in it. Our address is:

Suite One 911 North University Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1265 (313) 662-1909 ' .. '. ~~pyright 1990

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The Michigan Review, April 1990, p. 3 '

Roving Photographer What do you think of a mandatory class on racism?

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Bri~ Gill, LSA sOphomore: "I view the suggestion as paternalistic and academically restrictive. It is difficult enough for students to fulfill the existing requirements in four years; delayed graduations would be the biggest effect of another mandatory

Rick Smith, LSA freshman: ''} don't

think the university should require a' specific class. The distribution requirements are enough. It would not do any good in combatting a problem which transcends intellectual barriers./I

'\0

Sarah Swallow, LSA junior: "As an English major, I have a requirement like that. I think,it's a good idea. I'm from a small homogeneous town and its been a good experience."

Ashok Bhatia, LSA sophomore: "I think there's a better vay of dealing with racism than a mandatory class.

The people who need it most would get the least out of it."

~-------------------------, .Do yOU... " .

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~pose speech ban~?

•

. ' Oppose stifled classroom dISCUSSIon? Feel the U-M's leftist agenda needs to be challenged? '

• • THE MICHIGAN REVIEW : With your tax--deductible donation of $15 or more, you'll receive a one 'jear's • I IF YOU ANSWERED "mil TO ANY OF nn5E QUESTIONS

•

SlJl'POKf

•

\

subscription to the campus affairs journal of the University of Michigan. You'll • read in-depth articles about the wasteful U-M bureaucracy, be the first to hear of speech and religious rights violations, and you'll keep abreast of the forces working to erode the traditional Western education.

Tim Bigham, LSA senior: ''I'm

YES/ I'M CONCERNED/

rm sending my tax--deductible donation of:

_$15

_$50

_$25

_$100

_$500

_other

NAME: Aoom;s:

-Suite One, 911 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, M148109-1265-

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undecided. On the one hand, I'm against it. I'm against requirements in general. In the history classes I've had, it seems that the professors bend over backwards to include race and gender issues. It's so subjective.

On the other hand, if you're going to have requirements at all, it seems like that should be one. It should have a confrontational aspect, otherwise people don't confront their own racism."

\

Teron Jones, LSA junior: ''It's a great idea. It would help those who

don't understand what racism is about to come to terms with their own racism. It would foster conflict in the minds of all people and help them to grow as a result."

This month'i roving photographer was Kaftn B~ a ~idential College junior in communication and the School of Art and a production manager for the Rnit'W.

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From Suite One: Editorials

How to 'Stop Negativ.e,C,ampaigning What have you done for me lately? This is frequently asked, and rightly so, of politicians by their voting constituencies. Regrettably, however, it is easy to slip into non-responsive driv~l that successfully slanders the opposition but fails to answer the question. Such was the case in the recent Michigan Student Assembly (MSA) elections, which set 4\ new campus standard for negative campaigning.

Strangely enough, what may help alleviate this· probiem in the future is the removal of the MSA election board's power of censorship - the very device that · supposedly prevents the candidates from negative campaigning.

Among its many duties, the election board must approve campaign flyers before they may beposted. In this sense, the board acts asa censorship committee.

Its guidelines, however, are not overly stringent: no specific mention of MSA activities can be made, each poster must include a disclaimer that states who is responsible for its contents, and obvious cases of slander are prohibited. A flyer as juvenile and vacuous as the Conservative Coalition's (CO "See Dick Vote for Action/Don't Be a Dick" will receive approval, but one that directly slanders a '~ ·,,:, . " " ".',<l:,j .. ."" '" ",'."';' "., . .. .. member of the Action par-iy,will · not.

Yet in the last elections, some groups chose to operate outside of these guidelines. On one poster, signed by the previously unknown" Ad-Hoc Committee to Stop the Conservatives," the Latin American Solidarity Committee (LASC), the Palestine Solidarity Committee (PSC), and the Lesbian and Gay Rights Organizing Committee (laG ROO were listed as targets of CC derecognition efforts. Such accusationsrrusrepresenl CC, which has neither sought to derecognize these groups, nor ever announced the intention of doing so.

Another flyer, claiming to be "endorsed by LaGROCi LASC, and Students for a New Michigan Image," leveled many,deceitfulchargesagainstCC' s prei>identialcandidate,Aaron Williams. For instance, the flyer claimed Williams, himself a black student, "voted to support the Apartheid (South Africa) justice system," when in fact Williams voted against a proposal that would have sent student funds off campus. The same flyer lambasted Williams for "never disown(ing) a

party member who said 'Arabs are Nazis,'" when the actual statement had been "sending members of PSC to investigate the West Bank is like sending Nazis to investigate concentration camps."

The election board, however, failed to prevent these abuses from occurring.

Granted, there was little it could do to stop individuals from acting outside MSA guidelines. Nevertheless, lies were told and the election went on as planned.

Although those guilty of spreading libelous misinformation are responsible for their actions in a court oflaw, and although the election court has the power to levy fines for election violations (at press.time, it was considering such action against certain groups and individuals), groups that "play by the rules" are hurt. The election court fails to provid~justicein any meaningful way.

In the end, the students bear the brunt of such irresponsibility. While a·few shrewd politicians benefit, the miSinformed students have been propagandized into voting against a false image ()f a mythic opponent. Furthermore, if a party knows that it can essentially trade a few hundred dollars in election fines to literally bUy its seats, then the election becomes a bidding war whose goal is to dupe students into voting againstother parties for illegitimate reasons.

In light of the election board's inability to prevent abuse, we recommend that its powers of censorship be dissolved, and parties be allowed to mudsling as they please; If truly slander-ous material IS published, then those responsible will be held liable;in a civil court. With these restrictions lifted, however, a sort of "mutual assured deStruction" would inspire student political parties to campaign ethically and on their own merits, instead of slandering the opposition.

To her credit, incoming MSA President Jennifer Van Valey has distanced herself from the flyers that slandered Cc. Yet she cannot deny that they helped her Action party to achieve its victories. (The presidential race was decided by just over 200 votes.) We implore Van Valey to make the dissolution of the election board's censorship capabilities one of her first acts as MSA president, thereby demonstrating an honest commitment to ethics and nonpartisanship.

Real Diversity Tolerates Everybody Once again, we at the Review are a bit perplexed by the hypocrisy of the U-M's attempts to achieve "diversity." It seems, at first glance, that incoming Michigan Student Assembly (MSA) President Jennifer Van Valey and Vice President Angela Burks are concert\ed about achJeving diversity on the U-M campus, as is President James'{)uderstidt, who has committed the'U-M to pursuing it via the Michigan MaI\da'je: ' " . . '. . . .• Acrordiqg .lo:auderstadt, Van ' V.ale~tj;and ii,lJtiJ:ks;'. sllidentS' benefit from c~ntact withindiVi~ualS'-\vith different baCkgroiirids.b~l\d .beliefs. However, in order for this "dlVefSity" to be benefidal~ ·gtoIlPs futis~, m: theOty/~allowed'the . . opportunity to fonn student organizations intended, pnfserve>theirunique at- .· tributes. Groups must be allowed to retain their identities an4 ·th~;}il$rtyto form student groups. (Thlltis n6ttQ saytl\ataU groups deserve to h~veevery whim ~tis~ed with university funds,butr&ther that no group should b¢pemEldtJ;letight to fppIla studentor.ganiAltion that can con~uqt fun~aisers Clnd hold meetings 9I.' carn.pus~) The objE!Ctive .pf'idiversity" is not to sm~: everyolle 'Into a h~mQ~"~ ous gray mass; is.it?One wOUld think it~puqX>se 1sto teach'lirjderstandingarid accep~nce ofg",u,pswilh'differiOg\riews; ' ...•. .,.i , . .:, •.• >. . >'Why,' the'il;' tn&r'ea mOVement to deJ!erogni~~tlte '€hH$ti~nCornerst(')ne Fellowship (CCF)? 'Plmaamentalist Christians;9nee agteatherd that thundered ' across America~s institutions, have been hunted tOnearextind.ion by the rather . unusualteam ofsctence;moderation, andthe left. If ariyideOlogical animalis nire at the U-M campus, it would be a groupli~e CC;P. "Surely," you say, "they canno,tbe in any danger;We.have protections against that--- the First Amend~nt. Anyone has the right to don thatcritter's skin." Not so. Die hard fans of diversity shoul~ ha~ c~~ ''bloody nui~der!~ 'when.~~guns of M~AwereleWJ:etta:tC~F: llisteaCf;in tfie ensuingsilence,MSA bagged its latest trophy: the First Amendt.nent. . . . . . . . ' . ' .

These edItorIals represent the oplnrons of the RevIew edltonal board.

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Mimicking President Duderstadt, MSA decided to limit free speech. The Diag, a public forum, a marketplace of ideas, was used by a CCF-sponsored band to perform a song entitled "God Hates Queer (and so do D." MSA promptly stripped CCF of its student group recognition and the rights that come with it. This was the reaction by the so-called proponents of "diversity."

Simultaneously,MSA was able to achieve unprecedented levels of censorship . by taking an inconsistent stan~ on the freedom of religion. Whereas MSA has recognized .numerous religion-4Jased student organizatio~s, itsing~ed. out CCF based on c¢aiJl: elementsi;1fitSphiloSQphy; CCF~pnestl:ybe~ev'¢S"lhat homoS¢xuality is evil. To deny CCFthe belief that homosexuality1s ,is to deny theQltheirreligion."But wai.ty' .saidtheLesbianat\d<#lyRi~htsOrganizing C~muni.(t.aGRQC),as ;lfsinirked With its smokinggt.t~/"t!CF~discriminates " agairrstiles~~lP\d gays!" .. . •. . . . .' . . . . ' ...... . Let's100{< attJ;re carn~ge ~l'id *be reasoning behind it mOte 'dosely.' A homo-. sexua:l isapetS6rt~, ~hO Se)cuatly'd~siiesaperson df thesa:m:e"~)c. 'Let 'Us aSsume, .: for the moment,that thisisa:nlntrin~i'Canduntha:itg~a:bletiitj ~:CCP.·deny\' r, membership to ~ple With thesedesire? No, it does i\ot. Dcies~(:CF Mny people ' '. mem!x:rshipto thp~ whopr~c~c~hoiJ\t;>sexuality?:ptobab~y: But~th~y(>~ghJto be ... ' able to "- it's againstth(;ii~:teHgibl\:Tb aliow practicinghomo5exualsinto CCF, in ' theorganization'seyes/condonesitnmoralityJfhomosexuals truly·wanted tOjoin CCF,then they would have loinake whatever sattifices CCF .lsks.

The purpose of diversity is only served when each individual group is allowed to retain its own identityorthose characteristics which make it unique . .

It is precisely through interaction with a variety of distinct groups that diversity will realize its goalofteachingstudentsto cope with individuals of different ' . backgrounds. The Review has always been wary of the rhetoric of "diversity"; the CCF fiasco confinns our fears. Forget "diversity" and the hypocrisy it entails. For the safety of all student groups, the First Amendment must reign overthe "good" intentions of groups like LaGROC.

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The Michigan Review, April 1990, p. 5

Opinion

A Fond Farewell

by Marc Selinger If anyone ever asks me what made attending the University of Michigan worthwhile, I will probably answer that it was the Michigan Review. Sure, I took a lot of very informative classes with nationally-renowned professors.

And I had a chance to riot with my fellow students when the Wolverines won the national basketball championship last year. But my education at the U-M would have been incomplete without the Review.

As a member of the Review for more than three years, I had the chance to learn a great deal about journalism and to make many Close friends. As editor-in-chief for two years, I gained a strong sense of accomplishment from putting an issue together every month.

I also got satisfaction out of seeing the Review: make a difference on this campus. The Review influenced the MSA November elections when it

exposed how the Assembly's factfinding trips to El Salvador and the West Bank served the political objectives of a few individuals rather than the entire student body. In December,

As editor-in-chief for two years, I gained a strong sense of accomp lishment from putting an issue together every month_ an article about the United Coalition Against Racism (UCAR) stirred up debate about that organization's refusal to be interviewed by anyone fromtheReview.InJanuary, the Review: scooped the Michigan Daily by corning out with an article on the underground steam tunnels two daysbefore the Daily.

Letters to the Editor ted vote fraud.

Your "tougher and smarter" commentsgive a green light to those who would abuse their power to make a After reading the Michgian mockery of student elections. You Review's interview with University of have sent a dear signal that you wiIl Michigan President James Duderstadt look the other way aslong as some in the March issue, I sent the following kangaroo student court (controned by open letter to Duderstadt's office: supporters of one party) sanctions vote fraud, cheating, or any other violations Upon readillgthe. Review's interof MSA election rules and procedures. view with YOllin the March issue of the Your remarks ate most unfortuReview, I was greatly disturbed by one of your statemen~ The interviewer . nate.and very disturbing. I hope that noted that certain elements associated yo'" will clarify your· remarks before vote fraud and cheatingbeoome more with the Mi<;higan$tudent Assembly common at. MSA than ever before. "cheated" irithe fall MSA. eJections..

Your response was '.'\'OQ have to be

Hey Dude! Clarify Your Election Fraud Remarks

tougher~d~et than they~~r

So, in~nse toelectiOnkaudi

Steve Angelet~·,.

U-MAlumni.·.·

t:ee0unt, t>lthe

.

VotIl USA eIeotIona" AprI'4th. 5th

'

Vote,

While 85% 01 students did not Yale last time. they.W!iI get another chance tGshow where Ihey stand. ntoO few students vote th ..

IKIainino progressive Slucjtnts.in IltUdenlljOYtmment WI1IIOS4I and Ihe COf1Mrvattve agenda WIll start for ...1.

hme, lhe

Aaron Williams, who is running for re-election as president has the following record in MBA; (explanations follow) -Voted against celebrating Martin Luther King Day. -Opposed Earth Day funding, 1990.

-Voted to support the apartheid (South Africa) justice system.

-Opposed fundirig)Vomen's Month.

-Botched the 1989 MSA elections.

-Informally removed the attendance requirement in MSA. -Put discrimination and code issues on the backburner.

-Never disowned his party member who said, "ArabS are Nazis" and voted against a resolution condemning the murder of 14 women at the University of TorontQ. ',' -Allows his party to~upPOrtdiscrimination against gays and lesbians. . -Has a party.organizing~ogi"estudent groups the right to discriminate by race, sex or ~ucijorientation. .' . ~ \IOIed __ ar8sOlutiQn fOt~"~l$tration recognize ~,~ King Day as a day .... ,

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He--Eaith~~in 1*aQditiert.~~~ ITIOOOnfQ~tht allolment 01

~Day;E~\)ay~~i)(S~,~~.rai$e~'~eness.

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'iII;SouIII'Aftltaihl<~~ aresolutioOl)!)pOSirigthedeath ~

lorsix8lal;kaetMstsir\.SoIIth~~';~6.$&ttfi,~i~waslhalilwasanisSueoiforeigii

Is John Doea::)Jypocrife?

Stitask"iiim#'

Marc Selinger, the Review's editor emeritus, is graduating next month with a B.A. in political science. Once he enters the real world, he will work as a newspaper reporter.

Students. if Y'iOU are no·t.· thetIe, · , prove I. ·t·' -=,~:r::,' apa·

Wiljainssupportecl.theaj:)artheicf"h'

and

* * * * *

Last year. witIIon.tIlird of the VOle, AIron wau- and Ilia weII~ed COIlWYlIIiYe CoalitIon came to power In studem government. This y• ., Aaron Wliliama iI tuI\IIing lOr . . . - " WIth lhe same company of conservative ac:tMStS.

.

a recount.. Before. tbe one stu;" .

Could you guysdoa.'£611ow"-upon dent deliberatelY}lU~()unted ballots . last mooth'sJphn. Doe.story ask in order to keep~ Assembly; him if he' is . &tijl' C1;. ~~ of the 'FO'rtunately, tbissttldent·Wasno\i~ ACLU? If he is acardc-' . one whO' decided whether or~; 1 carrying ~oftliij,ACLU.J.get deserved a ~. But what ifheha~ been the one to decide, and I wa$'de- '. the impresSi()ntbat~c;>nly civitlibe"t . . nied a reCo\lN,iWhat remedy wQUldl . ties . tI1is guy~r. ~"* conceme<f' with are. his own: ,~;, have had? Based on your corrutlents, there would benoremedy; I would just'.

DanZahs have to learn to' be "tougher and Sociology graduate student smarter" than someone who commit-

show for it was a piece of paper. Of course, a victory against the Daily in volleyball would have been nice, too.

I would like to wish the best of luck to Mark Molesky, Matt Lund, and all the other graduating seniors with whom I have worked at the Review. I would also like to wish the same to John J. Miller and the new generation of Reviewites. I am confident that the Review is in good hands.

convince me to pursue a career in journalism.

When I waseditor-in-chief, I often wished that I had as much time to study and socialize as students who were not heavily involved in extracurricular activities. But now I realize that my time spent at this university would not have been as gratifying if alII had to'

.offforatudenlSinF.~t9&8;

studentS are to J:>eNtougher'~ smarter" than' .tI\os¢' who Cheat. '1$,

March 1987,]wasel~edtoMSAaltel .'

The Review also gave me the opportunity to work for professional newspapers full-time during the summer and part-time during the school year. This added experience helped to

affaits; (I,uckiIy many. govemrnentt.,~sdlcfnot~.~.baad~4h.sand attitude.)

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The Michigan Review, April 1990, p. 6 '

Essay

Keep the CIA onCC3mpus

by Ruth Armstrong When Philip Agee, a fonner agent of the Central Intelligence Agency (OA), spoke at the University of Michigan last November, he made a number of disturbing claims about his one-time employer. Agee accused the CIA of many gruesome crimes, among them bayoneting pregnant women and killing a man wi th an electric prod.

At the end of his lecture, Agee urged students to take action against the policy of allowing what he called "Murder, Inc" to recruit on campus.

After listening to Agee, banning the CIA from campus seemed like the only humane and logical choice for his audience to make. A closer examination of the issue, however, reveals that CIA recruitment at the U-M is justifiable.

Recently the issue of CIA recruitment has become particularly controversial, especially in light of the Irancontra scandal. Students across the country have reacted to such fiascoes by protesting CIA campus recruitment.In 1987, Amy Carter, da ugh ter of former president Jimmy Carter, and several other students occupied a University of Massachusetts building to protest the CIA's presence on campus. At the University of North Carolina has also recently had anti-CIA demonstrations, and U-M, not to be outdone, had its own volatileprotestin 1987.

The attitudes of those at the U-M who oppose OA campus recruitment are varied. David Horste, a senior in the Residential College, mildly claims . that he "wouldn't mind seeing the CIA . banned from campus" because he is "anti-CIA." Professor John Vandermeer of the Biology Department more vehemently

declares that he does not believe that "any terrorist organization should be allowed to recruit at the U-M." Vandermeer adds that by allowing the CIA to recruit at the U-M, the University is ''legitimizing the organization and allowing it to promote itself."

Kristin Vanden Berg, who wrote an 'anti-CIA essay for Consider last year, used arguments similar to Vandermeer's. In ''Recruitment is a

for them to have access to organizations in which they have expressed interest."

Nevertheless, modeling their demands on the law school's former FBI recruitment ban, based on that organization's one-time discrimi- natory hiring practices, some students are calling for the CIA to be banned from recruiting at the U-M. . According to Richter, however, the

therefore in the difficult position of achieving a balance between the various rights and freedoms associated with recruitment. On one hand, the UM wants to allow individuals who oppose CIA recruitment the freedom to protest, but on the other hand, as outgoing MSA president Aaron Williams said, "if students want to seek recruitment with ari organization, they should be allowed that right." The UM, therefore, is striving to grant students the opportunity to make their own decisions by allowing them access to the CIA. Of course, CIA opponents contend that students would still have access to the organization even if it did not come to campus; after all, it is no secret that the CIA's headquarters are in Langley, "only guideline restricting those or- . Virginia. This, however, can be argued ganizations which recmit on campus is about any organization. Why should that the organization must abide by the U-M allow IBM to recruit here federal and regental guidelines against when students can easily contact its discrimination;" In other words, an headquarters in White Plains, New on=-<ampus recruiter must sign a reYork? The answer is simple; the U-M should allow organizations to recruit lease stating that it is an Affirmative here as a service to students, and it Action employer. The CIA has signed such a release, and it has never been should respect the students' ability to decide for themselves whether or not judged to be discriminatory in a.court they believe that working for an oroflaw.

Thus, no organizations are curganization is morally proper. . Ifit is argued thattheCIA should be rently banned from recruiting on campus. This bothers students like Jennifer banned from campus for moral reaVan Valey, incoming MSA president, sons, it might as easily be argued that who says that "if students have a probfood service should be banned from lem with an organization-be it for the dormitories for serving meals condiscriminatory hiring practices or a taining meat. By providing the oppormoral problem with the organization tunity to eat meat, the U-M allows or whatever-I support them in that." students to decide what they think is She adds that she "personally has a morally proper. There are some stuproblem with the CIA," and "doesn't dents on campus who are morally feel that the CIA is an organization the opposed to eating meat; yet they could make the same argument that CIA University should be supporting by allowing it to recruit on campus." opponents make about the U-M's "implicit support" afan omnivorous Though there are students who share Van Valey's attitude toward the lifestyle, which is apparent ,by such OA, there are also students whO are entrees as minute steak and Irish stew. interested in the organization. Mark Should the food service stop serving Maire, an LSAsenior, is one such stumeat so that students who lack will dent. After seeing an ad in -t he paper, power will not be tempted by meat dishes? . Maire went to a general meetjngof the The most appropriate solution·i s to OA on campus. . ' "I was surprised at how up front the allow students to make their own recruiter was," said Maire. "He said moral decisions without limiting their right off that the CIA was looking for options. And this is exactly what the operatives to work in other countries, U-M does by allowing the CIA to reand not for paper shUfflers or accountcruit on campus. ants."

Maire is not alone in his interest in the CIA. Mark Mansfield, a CIA Ruth Armstrong is a sophomore in spokesman, claims that about 150,000 English and a Production Manager students express an interest in the orfor the Review. ganization ~eh ,year. The lJ-M . is

The most appropriate solution is to allow students to make their own moral decisions without limiting their options.

Privilege, Not a Right," Vanden Berg, alaw student,alleged that "University approval of (a) recruiting organization is implied (by the U-M'spermitting it to recruit on campus) and the organization's image is thereby enhanced by the interviewing process."

She then accused the CIA of sexual discrimination and asserted that the CIA "rests its claim to an inherent right to recruit on being an organization of government."

At the root of all these criticisms is a profound dislike of the CIA, a feeling that the organization is, in Vandermeer's words, "truly evil."

The U-M, however, is reluctant to be so judgmental. As Ane Richter, Associate Director of Career Planning and Placement explains, "The University tries not to stand in judgment of .the organizations that recruit on campus. Furthermore, the U-M does not endorse any on-<:ampus recruiters.

The on-campus recruiting program is merely a service to students, a means

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The Michigan Review, April 1990, p. 7

Opinion

Affirmative Action Insults Minorities

by Rahul Banta As a minority student, I should probably not complain about affirmative action. After all, I can qualify to gain preferential entrance to the University of Michigan, I can get a campus job, I can qualify for special loans, and perhaps I can have a residence hall lounge for people of my ethnicity.

Even with all ofthis, however, I am not comfortable with the notion that I am entitled to special benefits or entitlements simply because of my ethnicity and not because olmy traits as an individual.

I am a vehement supporter of basing the U-M's admissions upon merit instead of race and ethnicity~ Supporters of affirmative action say that the programs will force people to look beyond surface qualities and focus more on an individual's merits. But if this is the case, why not just use individual merit as the sole quaiification?

Another argument advocates of affirmative action use is the rolemodel theory. They insist that by having certain posi tions filled by members of minorities, those at lower levels will be inspired to be successful. Many large American cities have minority mayors, school board officials, and other officials, and yet these places are not the centers of high minority

achievement. Furthermore, in ethnic categories where very few role-models exist, such as the Vietnamese, Chinese, and Cuban communities, the general population has been largely successful.

These prevailing attitudes lead to the problematic Michigan Mandate, which is aimed ,at the wrong target. It focuses not on a level of intellectual achievement, but instead counts numbers of minorities. This idea denies groups intellectual and spiritual integrity by implying that what matters is the color of your body and not the quality of your mind. Would it be fair for the U-M football team to establish a mandate that called for an arbitrary number of minority players? Of course not. Players are judged by their merit at playing the game. This idea should and does prevail, but unfortunately only in certain areas.

I am incensed by the government forms and school forms where I am asked to cite my race and ethnicity.

The 1960s saw a movement to ensure that all races were counted in the same way, politically and socially. But the federal government immed iately started a huge campaign to count people according to their racial and ethnic stature. If we are to live in a

society that is truly color blind, these years ago or a hundred years ago"":" as institutionalized ideas should be elimiAmericans we share common dreams nated. I am aware of my ethnic backand aspirations. The history of the ground and am proud of it, but I do not United States is everybody's history, regardless of what race or ethnicity we . need to be constantly reminded that I am in a category other than "white." It are. is much like being greeted every day by No matter what people say, afyour friends as "Hello Bob, you Hisfirmative action is a quota system, panic." where the best job does not necessarily The United States has not had an . go to the most qualified person. Afexemplary record of receiving all racial firmative action steals our individualand ethnic groups with open and ity - what makes all of us unique as friendly arms, but it is unique in the human beings - and lumps us tofact that so many different kinds of gether into distinct and confined people can and do comfortably settle groups. It is time we put an end to this here and live together peacefully. nonsense and realized the best that is Black slavery, the Second World War. within ourselves.

Asian holding camps, and even the harsh treatment of Irish and Italian imRahul Banta is a junior in history and political science and an assistant edimigrants should not be forgotten.

However, no matter whim our ancestor of the Review. tors arrived - whether itwas just a few

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The Michigan Review, April 1990, p. 8

Opinion: Review Forum

The Case for Animal Research Editor's Note: This essay is excerpted, with permission, from an article by Carl Cohen entitled "The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research," published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Oct. 2, 1986.

Using animals as research subjects in medical investigations is widely condemned on two grounds: first, because it wrongly violates the rights of animals, and second, because it wrongly imposes on sentient creatures much avoidable suffering. Neither of these arguments is sound. The first relies on a mistakenlUlderstanding of rights; the second relies on a mistaken calculation of conse,quences. Botbdeserve definitive dismissal.

A right, properly understood, is a daim, or potential claim; that 9ne party may exercise against· ano.tber.

The target against whom such a claim may be registetedcan be asingIe person, a group, a community, or (perhaps) aU humankind.

The differing targets, contents, and other sources of rights, and their inevitable conflict, together weave a tangled web. Notwithstanding all such complications, this much is clear about rights in general: they are in every case claims, or potential claims, within a community of moral agents.

Rights arise, and can be intelligibly defended, only among beings who do, or can,make moral claims against one another. Whatever else rights may be, therefore, they are necessarily human; their possessor. are pefS01!S, human

Animals lack the capacity for free moral judgement They are nofbeings oia kind capable of exercising arresponding to moral claims~ Animals therefore have no right, and they can have none.

beings. .

Animals (that is, nonhuman animals, the ordinary sense of the word) lack the capacity for free moral judgement. They are not beings of a kind capable of exercising or responding to moral claims. Animals therefore have no rights, and they can have none. This is the core of the argument about the alleged rights. of animals. The holders of rights must have the. capacity to comprehend rules of duty, governing all including themselves. In applying such rules, the holders of rights must recognize possible conflicts between what is in their own interest and what is just. Only in a community of beings capable of self-restricting moral judgments can the concept of a right be correctly invoked. In conducting reI

The opinions expressed in the Review FOnlm Ilre not necessarily those of the Review.

animal sentience - their feelings of pain and distress. We ought to desist from the imposition of pain insofar as we can. Since all or nearly all experimentation on animals does involve pain and could readily be forgotten, say these critics, it should be stopped.

The ends sought may be worthy, but those ends do not justify imposing

search on animal subjects, therefore, we do not violate their rights, because they have none to violate.

To animate life, even in its simplest forms, we give a certain natural reverence. But the possession of rights presupposes a moral status not attained by the vast majority of living things. We must noHnfer, therefore,

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that a live being has, simply in being alive, a "right" to its life. The assertion that all animals, only because they are alive and have interests, also possess the "right to life" is an abuse of that phrase, and wholly without warrant.

It does not follow from this, however, .that we are morally free to do anything we please to animals. Certainly not. In our dealings with animals, as in our dealings with other human beings, we have obligations that do not arise from claims against us based on rights. Rights entail obligations, but many of the things one ought to do are in no way tied to another's entitlement. Righ~ and obligations are not reciprocals olone another, and it is a serious mistake to suppose that they

are.

In our dealings with animals, few will deny that weare at least obliged to act humanely - that is, to treat them with the decency and concern that we owe, as sensitive human beings, to other sentient creatures. To t~at animals humanely, however, is. not to treat them as humans or as the holders of rights.

Thedaims of moral right are inapplicable to animals. Does a lion have a right to eat a baby zebra? Does a baby zebrahavearightnottobeeaten?Such questions, mistakenly' invoking the conceptof right where it does not belong, do not make good sense. Those •who condemn biomedical research because it violates "animal rights" commit the same blunder.

Abandoning reliance on animal rights, some critics resort instead to

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agonies on humans, and by animals the agonies are felt no less. The laboratory use of animals (these critics conclude) must therelore be ended - or at least very sharply curtailed.

Argument of this variety is essentially utilitarian, often expressly so; it is based on the calculation of the net product, in pains and pleasures, re:. sulting from experiments on animals.

Jeremy Bentham, comparing horses and dogs with other sentient creatures, is thus commonly quoted: liThe question is not, 'Can they reason?' nor 'Can they talk?' but, 'Can they suffer?'"

Animals certainly can suffer and surely ought not to be made to suffer needlessly. But in inferring, from these unconventional premises, that biomedical research causing animal distress is largely (or wholly) wrong, the critic commits two serious errors.

The first error is the assumption, often explicitly defended, that all sen~ tient animals have equal moral standing. Between a dog and a human being, according to this view, there is no moral difference; hence the pains5uf. fered by dogs must . be weighed nO differently from the pains suffered by humans. To deny such equality, according to this critic, is to give unjust preference toone species over another; it is "speciesism."

Between species of animate life, however - between {for example) humans on the one hand and cats or rats on the other - the morally relevant differences are enormous, and almost universally appreciated. Humans engage in moral reflection; hu-

mans are morally autonomous; humans are members of moral communities, recognizing just claims against their own interest. Human beings do have rights: theirs is a moral status very different from that of cats or rats.

I am a speciesist. Speciesism is not merely plausible; it is essential for right conduct, because those who will npt make morally relevant distinctions among species arealrnost<:ertain, in consequence, to misapprehend their true obligations.If all fonnsof animate life - or vertebrate arumal life? mustbetr~a~ equally, and therefore in evaluating a research program the pains of a rodent counteqqaflywith the pains of a human, weare forced to conclude (1) that neither humans nor rodents possess rights, or (2) that rodents possess all the. rights humans possess. Both alternatives are absurd.

Yet one or the other must be swallowed if the moral equality of all species is to be defended.

Those who. claim to base their objection to the use of animals in biomedical research on their reckoning of the net pleasures and pains produced make a second error, equally grave. Even if it were true - as it is surely not- that the pains of all animate beings must be counted equally, a cogent utilitarian calculation requires that we weigh all the consequences of the use, and the nonuse, of animals in laboratory research. Critics relying (however mistakenly) on animal rights may claim to ignore the beneficial results of such research, rights being trump cards to which interest and advantage must give way.

But an argument that is explicitly framed in tenns of interest and benefit for all over the long run must also attend to the disadvantageous consequences of not using animals in research, and to all the achievements attained and attainable only through their use. The sum of the benefits of their. use is utterly beyond quantification. The elimination of horrible disease, the increase of longevity, the aVQidance of great pain, the saving of lives, and the improvement of the quality of lives (for humans .and animals) achieved through research using animals is so incalculably great that the argument of these critics, systematically pursued, establishes not their conclusion but theoreverse: to refrain

PletlSe See Page 15

The Michigan Review, April 1990, p. 9

Opinion: Review Forum

Animals Deserve Equal Rights

by Marla Comnlnou The animal rights movement boasts many contemporary philosophersamong its supporters. Two of the most prominent, Peter Singer and Tom Regan, exemplify the utilitarian and the rights view of ethical justice.

Although philosophers and other professionals enjoy high visibility, and often engage in lengthy debates on whether rights can be attributed to anyone at all, it is a multitude of tireless ordinary people, primarily women, who sustain the animal rights movement at the grass-roots level.

These people base their ethics not on a textbook theory, but on the everyday practice of caring, empathizing and trying to make the world a place in which cooperation and interconnectedness reign in place of competition and alienation. In such a world, compassion and fairness are extended to all, regardless of race, sex, or species.

Such ideals run against the ingrained and systematic pattern of animal expldtation in our society, which exceeds the exploitation of humans by other humans. Billions of animals suffer in the modem intensive-confinement systems of farming. Millions of wild animals are killed for their fur, and millions of former pets are euthanized because breeding goes on in spite of a lack of homes.

Why then make a big fuss about those millions who lose their life for cosmetic/ chemical product testing or in biomedical research? Isn't animal experimentation necessary, and therefore justifiable?

The question that animal research apologists like to pose is: should we value rats the same as humans? Of course humans value other humans more, just as we normally value our friends and relatives more than distan t strangers. This does not allow us, however, to rank living beings according to the preferences of a select group to which we, luckily, happen to belong. Think for a moment: who should be on top? White males, white women, people of color, people of "other" religions, Ph.D holders, children, or adults?

Should we experiment on those who land o~ the bottom? History repeatedly shows that dominant groups, who make the rules, consider it natural to treat outsiders unjustly. Being "outside" of whatever the "in" group happens to be, strips one of any consideration or rights, and delegates one to inferior status or to no status at all. '. (

Ancient and modem slaves, women, and Jews in Nazi Germany have had such first hand experiences. Blacks in America were, until recently, the unsuspecting victims of medical experimentation. But the progress of the human race is marked by increasingly inclusionary ethics. And if there is a single important difference between us and the other animals, it must be this: we are capable of caring for them more than they will ever be able to care for us.

experimentation cannot do so, either.

Improved hygiene, nutrition and healthier lifestyles are credited for extending our life span, instead.

The war on cancer has so far failed, but the war on mice still goes on. One of the basic problems is that data obtained from mice cannot be meaningfully extrapolated to humans: "Numerical assessments of human risk, even if based on good animal data, seem well beyond the scope of the scientifically possible. There are substan-

At the University of Michigan alone, in the period between Sept. 1989 to Feb. 1990, 8450 mice have been authorized for new research related to cancer!

The preoccupation with real or imagined benefits to accrue to humans by animal experimentation perverts and contradicts the ethical principles espoused by the other important movement of our times, namely the environmental movement. The futility of attempting to cure the ills of past technological fixes with more of the same remedies is gradually becoming apparent, and a call for preventive measures is now being heard from various quarters. Such prevention requires the cooperation of the industry, the professions and the individual citizen. To achieve it, a new ethic based on frugality, respect of nature, and emphasis on quality versus quanti ty must prevail. The voice of selfishness that asks for animal experimentation in order to find technological cures for human abuses runs counter to this ethic. Should we keep forcing beagles to smoke and primates to shoot up drugs?

It is said that you must repeat something seven times before it becomes absorbed as knowledge. The glorification of modem medicine has been going on unabated for decades.

But how effective is medical intervention? If you believe in numbers, here are some startling statistics: "3.5 percent probably represents a reasonable upper-limit estimate of the total contribution of medical measures to the decline in infectious disease mortality in the United States since 1900," and similar statistics hold for heart disease, stroke and cancer. If medical intervention does not save lives, clearly animal , ~

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tially differences in sensitivity between species, strains, sexes and individuals ... At present there seems to be no sound way to choose a model on either biological or statistical grounds, and different models give substantially different risk estimates" (MacKinlay, Handbook for Medical Sociobiology). At the University of Michigan alone, and in the period between Sept. 89 to Feb. 90,8450 mice have been authorized for new research related to cancer!

Some commonly used drugs are dangerous to other species. Aspirin and tylenol are fatal for cats; penicillin

mals are discarded during clinical trials on humans beCause they are discovered to be useless or dangerous (Sharpe, The Cruel Deception). It is then obvious that no matter how many animals have been used, humans are the real testers. Animal tests provide an illusion of safety, protect pharmaceutical companies in case of law suits, and, most unfortunately, divert sorely needed funds from preventive measures and alcohol or drug rehabilitation programs.

If animal experimentation for biomedical uses is . questionable, how can we justify testing cosmetics and household products on animals?

Make-up, lipstick, bleach, oven cleaners and just about everything we use in our homes, is forced down the throats or into the eyes of rabbits and other lab animals in procedures such as the infamous and outdated LD50 and Draize tests. Measuring,the amount of chemical that must be ingested by a group of rabbits so that 50% of them die, does not protect us from these products: we still find them on the supermarket shelves albeit with a warning against drinking them or splashing them into our eyes! Moreover, the majority of these products are not only deadly for the animals, but they are also bad for the environment. While over a hundred companies manufacture products that are made from knownto-be-safeingredients that need not be tested, some of our grandmothers'

Of course humans value other humans more than animals. This does not allow us, however, to rank living beings according to the preferences of a select group to which we, luckily, happen to belong. kills guinea pigs and causes birth defects in laboratory animals. So do insulin and streptomycin. Conversely, drugs found safe on animals, have harmed humans. Examples include the heart drug Eraldin, the arthritis drug Oraflex, and the anti-diarrhoea medicine Entero-viofonn, which was tested on rats, cats, beagles and rabbits, but produced a new disease in 10,000 people. In fact, the majorityof drugs found to be sale and effective on ani:""jl~~'""

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According to most estimates rats

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The Michigan Review, April 1990, p. 10

Interview

Aaron Williams Defends His Honor On Monday, April 9, Bob Juneja, Adam DeVore, and Brian Meadors of the Michigan Review interviewed Aaron Williams and Christine Chilimigras, the Michigan Student Assembly's (MSA) outgoing president and vice president, respectively. Both were members of the Conservative Coalition (CO and were defeated by Jennifer Van Valey and Angela Burks of the Action party.

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the }X)sition when Rose Karadsheh, my first vice president, resigned.

What's really interesting, though, is that Angie Burks, the new MSA vicepresident, wanted me to ap}X)int her as my vice-president! I did not feel she had enough experience for the }Xlsition. But, unfortunately, the student body doesn't seem to hold the high standards that I desire in elected officials.

CHILIMIGRAS: I honestly felt that I was the best person for the job, given my experience.

REVIEW: During the elections, there seemed to be quite a bit of negative campaigning. What are your feelings?

Cl

REVIEW: What types of contributions did each of you make in your campaign?

WILLIAMS: It was a really large burden on Christine and myself, as we were still elected officials. We still had

WILLIAMS: I have never seen more blatant lies, or perhaps I should say halftruths, in my life. On some fliers, the Action party claimed credit for projects that I have accomplished myself. They claimed that the CC supported the code of non-academic conduct, which was simply not true. I told the regents myself that MSA, meaning neither the liberals nor the conservatives, wanted the code. The regents, however, voiced concern that the lack of a code on non-academic conduct could cost

It is my philosophy not to send stUdent money off this campus for any reason.

Of course lam against apartheid, but sending U-M student's money off campus wouldn't help solve the problem. to work as MSA president and vicepresident during the campaign.

REVIEW: How did Christine get on the ticket?

WILLIAMS: I ap}X)inted Christine to

the.UniversityofMichiganitsaccreditation. If that's the case, then I think we should stand behind the regents.

REVIEW: Are you saying that some type of non-academic cOde of conduct is going to be necessary for U-M

to maintain its accreditation?

WILLIAMS: We have existed for so long without a code that I think we could continue without one. The administration, however, will use the ar-

WILLIAMS: There was once a resolution which came up that mentioned apartheid, and this resolution required that several thousand dollars be sent off campus. It is my philosophy not to

Action claimed they would protect student services. They didn't even know student services were in danger until I told them. gument that since other universities have one, we need one too. The administration will try to use the fact that we almost lost our accreditation in order to get a code. Duderstadt has been trying to push the code in very discreetly, by using Regent bylaw 2.01, which basically states that he can do whatever he wants. Duderstadt wants to put the code question onto the regents' backs so that they can take the heat, while he sits in his office and spins the cube! .

REVIEW: What other kinds of falsehoods were spread during the campaign?

WILLIAMS: Action claimed that they would protect student services. They didn't even know that student services were in danger until I told them. We lobbied in Lansing for an 8.5% increase in state funding to .keep student services from being cut. We also lobbied in Washington, D·C· for more "0 federal funding .~ for financial aid. Cl CHILIMIGRAS: It really disgusts me when I see these lies, because I've seen Aaron working extremely hardon the true concerns of the student body REVIEW: According to a campaign flier, you voted to support apartheid. Is this true?

send student money off of this campus for any reason. Of course I am against apartheid, but sending U-M students' money off campus wouldn't solve the problems in South Africa.

REVIEW: According to the same flier, you botched the 1989 MSA elections.

WILLIAMS: First of all, the election director runs the election, not the MSA president. I had as little input into the election as was possible. There seemed to be great concern before the election that I would manipulate it to CC's favor, so I took a "hands off" policy towards the election.

REVIEW: Again, according to the same flier, "(Aaron Williams) al-

Please See Page 13

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The Michigan Review, April 1990, p.ll

Interview

Van Valey, Burks Discuss Plans for MSA something about that.

On Monday, April 9, Adam DeVore, Bob Juneja, and Carey Brian Meadors REVIEW: What didn't you like? of the Michigan Review interviewed Jennifer Van Valey and Angela · Burks, the Michigan Student BURKS: I didn't like the fact that they wanted to tear the shanties down, I Assembly's (MSA's) incoming presididn't like the fact that I was sitting on dent and vice president, respectively. the BPC and there was, for the majority Both were members of the Action of the year, only one black person out party that defeated Aaron Williams of nine. There was no diversity. I and Christine Chilimigras of the Conservative Coalition (CC). didn't like that.

REVIEW: How many of the nine do you feel should have been black?

BURKS: I think that there should have been more than one.

REVIEW: But that's about the proportion in the Unhed States.

One out of nine is

REVIEW: Oh, none taken.

V AN VALEY: ...but that's not representative of the entire community. I think that's something that we're trying to work very hard for, as a team.

REVIEW: How would you solve this?

Would you have people of certain groups running or wishing to be on a certain committee? What would you do?

VAN V ALEY: We just can't sit back and say, "WeB, no people of color have come to talk to us, there must be no people of color interested," or, "no gays have come to talk to us, so they must not be interested." It's our responsibility to make it public, to make people understand, to make people see, to go out and say, "we know MSA is not a group that has traditionally responded to your needs, but we're very concerned about it. Would you be interested in this position? We need to make that eftort because nobody else has.

11%.

REVIEW: Jennifer and Angela, why were you picked as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates, and what kind of time commitments did each of you make?

VAN VALEY: I decided to run after people encouraged me, I was interested in it; basically I went to student groups to ask for participation, to ask for interest, and ask people to caB me if they had questions. We had a meeting where people interested in the campaign showed up; I knew Angie from the MSA, she wason the Budget Priorities Committee (BPC), and I had spoken with her before, she approached me about running. I think we felt really comfortable with each other.

BURKS: The main reason that I got involved in the race was because I saw a lot of things going on in MSA that I didn't like. I saw a lot of things that kind of made me angry. I wanted to do

BURKS: But if you look at the proportion of the number of people who ask for money, and the people who have to make those decisions, I think that's not proportionate at all. And that's something we have to look at.

REVIEW: That's also an over-representation of the campus as a whole.

BURKS: I'm not talking about the campus as a whole, I'm talking about the people who are asking for money from the BPC. REVIEW: Ok, so that's what you feel should be the base, then, for determining quotas for who should sit on the BPC? VAN VALEY: I don't think we have quotas. I know where you're coming from, but I agree with Angie on this, it's something we feel strongly about and will continue to work for, it's very important to have a representative student body. And when you have an MSA that is 90% or 99% white male, no offense to white males...

REVIEW: Couldn't the same analogy be drawn to groups that are not necessarily political, or groups that have a moderate,libertarian, or conservative side? They will not tend to go to the BPC and ask for money because the only groups that get money are those that tend to be toward the left.

says, "Students, if you are not apathetic,prove it. Aaron Williams !!UPports the apartheid justicesyste'm."

Have you seen this flyer before?

VAN VALEY: Yes, I've seen it.

REVIEW: Is this Action sponsored?

VAN V ALEY: Does it say it's Action sponsored?

REVIEW: Well; of course it doesn't say so...

V AN VALEY! Then I think that should answer your question. No, it's not Action sponsored.

REVIEW: How does Action feel about this?

VAN V ALEY:That is Aaron Wi11iams' voting record. And I think that you could go through the minutes and find out how I voted and publish the same thing. People need to be awareot what Aaron Williams has done. When you're running against an incumbent officer, you do not run purely on issues. It's just naive to say, "We're just going to run an issue-oriented campaign." Of course they're not. They ran on my record. That's politics.

Please See Page 16

VAN VALEY: How can you say that?

BURKS: That's not true.

REVIEW: That's why you have quite a few groups that are left of center going to MSA asking for money.

VAN VA LEY: think if you look at the groups that have asked for money, you'll find thatisnot the case.

REVIEW: A flyer was posted in the Fishbowl before the election that·

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Foreign Affairs

Experts Agree! Communism is Dying

by Mark Tulkkl "Communism in Eastern Europe is dead," says Winston Lord, former U.s. Ambassador to the People's Republic of Chinai ''In the Soviet Union it is dying and the leaders know iti in China it is dying and the leaders don't know it."

of Gorbachev-although he did question who would· want his job. Lord added, however, "the U.S. should not complicate his tasks./I Concerning China, Lord chastised the current regime for failing to heed Gorbachev's reported warning that

liThe Eastern European experience demonstrates that the system cannot be reformed; it must be dumped and a ne system created." -Gabot··Szentivanyi This also appears to be the consensus of the group of panelists who joined Lord to address "Changes in Communism: Perspectives for the 19905" at the March 23 Jack L Walker Memorial Undergraduate Conference on Political Affairs, held in the Business SChool's Hate Auditorium~ The conference was held in honor of former University of Michigan political science professor Jack Walker, who was tragically killed last January while on sabbatical in California.

In his opening remarks, keynote speaker Lord compared Soviet President Gorbachev to a "surfer riding the waves of change," who, in recognizing that he "can't save in the Soviet Union what is being abandoned in Eastern Europe," has "repudiated the Marxist system./I "Although initiating the most radical changes since the Bolshevik revolution," said Lord, "it is still not clear whether Gorbachev is the Franklin Delano Roosevelt of socialism. In fact, one cannot yet be certain if he is setting himself up as a new czar (i.e. in reference to Gorbachev's recentlyexpanded presidential powers), or introducing genuine political pluralism."

Turning to the future, Lord noted that the changes in the Soviet Union now appear largely irreversible and thus not tied singularly to the survival

economic reform will not work without radical transformation of the p0litical system.

"Since last June's massacre," said Lord, "China has witnessed a giant leap backwards on all fronts. It is now in a ti~ warp."

Despite seeing universal forces also contributing to communism's collapse in China, and a more pragmatic and humane government within five years, Lord was highly critical of the Bush administration's recent dealings with the existing regime. While accusing the administration of undermining our values and national interests through its actions, Lord noted, "indignation and contact must be sustained."

Other speakers at the conference included Gabor Szentivanyi, first secretary of the Hungarian embassy, Lev Orekhov first secretary of the Soviet -embassy, and U-M Professors Alfred Meyetand Roman Szporluk .

Szentivanyi, assessing "historical perspectives" in the first of two panel discussions, argued that although HungctrY hcis seen several attempts to reform its formerly Stalinist system, "these were only model changes, not systematic changes."

"The Eastern European experience," Szentivanyi said, "demonstrates that the system cannot be reformedi it must be

dumped and a new system created."

Szporluk, Director of U-M's Center for Russian and Eastern European Studies, noted that the Marxist revolution in Russia was an attempt to establish an alternative civilization able to avoid the vices of capitalism while experiencing greater economic success"a hope ultimately buried in the 1960s."

"Gorba-chev's genius," said Szporluk, "lies in recognizing openly the dreams of 1917 are dead."

In a second panel discussion, however, Soviet Embassy Secretary Orekhov said, "the future of mankind is socialism." Claiming that Stalinism represented simply a diversion from socialist theory, Orekhov argued, "there is nothing wrong with Marxist ideology."

Orekhov concluded by noting that true socialism is today more closely approximated by the system existing in the U.S. than that in the Soviet Union.

Meyer argued that recently existing communist regimes were poor examples of socialism. "Of the numerous possible conception of commu-

gained momentum, Meyer noted that the speed of recent events have even taken the experts by surprise. Me y e r predicted two possible future courses for communism. "One, by creating equitable societies in many of these countries, socialism could, for the first time, have a chance to be established.

Or two, the system could disintegrate."

Meyer .was not optimistic about about the prospects for socialism as a result of what he called, "increasing nationalism, excessive consumerism, and· the lure of the West in many of these countries." ''The greatest danger to the development of democratic socialism," said Meyer, "is the lure of hard currency (i.e. a new Marshall .Plan)." ''West Germany will do to East Germany what Frank Lorenzo did to Eastern Airlines," said Meyer.

Although in the wake of recent events, these conclusions can hardly be called revelations, the location and composition of the conference did offer some insight into just how far these changes have progressed. Perhaps the revolution of 1989 has finally reached

IIGorbachev's genius lies in recognizing openly the dreams of 1917 are dead."

- Roman Szporluk nism," said Meyer, "the Soviet regime was clearly not what Marx had in mind. Stalinism has now been thoroughly discredited."

While arguing that the recent collapse of communist regimes actually began in the 19505 and gradually SiL

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Continued From Page 10 lowed his party to support discrimination against gays and lesbians."

WILLIAMS: I have not supported any type of discrimination whatsoever.

What the flier may be referring to is our vote to recognize Cornerstone ChristianFellowship(CCF),a vote that MSA asa whole supported. Moreover, there has never been a situation where CCF

member who originally proposed funding for earth day? Why did they lend their support to the Action party?

WILUAMS: They have a really short memory. I think basically what happened is that Action people went out and recruited "Earth Day" people to support their campaign.

CHILIMIGRAS: Action party made

I will return to Jlprivate citizen" status and write the MSAbook, exposing all the lies and hipocrisy within MSA. Watergate and Contra-gate connot even cOmpare to ,wha.t goes on in MSA! denjed.mernbership to a lesbian or a , gay male.

REVIEW:' A different campaign flyer urged students to vote against CC,as CC threatened to derecognize the Latin American Solidarity Committee (LAS C), the Palestine Solidarity Committee <},Sc), and the Lesbian and Gay Rights Organizing Committee (LaGROc) as legitimate student organizations. What are your thoughts on this?

WILLIAMS: I found it extremely entertaining. I think they are flattering themselves, especially LASe, when they think that we are actually concerned with them. LASe has its'politics, but they do not pose any threat, nor are they in any danger of being derecognized. LASChaseveryrightto go out and express its political views.

The only problem I have with the PSC is that they got $3500 which they did not deserve. In addition, PSC uses the name of MSA to push their own political agenda.

As for LaGROC, they have their recognition and office space, so I don't know what complaints they could have with us. We have no plans to derecognize them. In fact, we could care less about LaGROC.

book, exposing all of the lies and hypocrisy within MSA. Watergate and Contra-gate cannot even compare to what goes on in MSA! REVIEW: Anything else that you would like to add?

REVIEW: In retrospect, do you regret CC's USee Dick Vote Action ... Don't be a Dick" posters?

WILUAMS: I shall pray for the student body and that MSA doesn't do anything really stupid. I shall pray for those within MSA who carry the name Conservative Coalition, and are proud to bear that name. I think that we have made a. stand, that we will always make this stand, and that we will not backdown. And we will keep coming back until freedom, justice, and truth reign again on ~scampus!

WILLIAMS: Well, I think people took that flier a little too seriously. It wasn't meant to be personal. We just wanted people to be informed before they vote.

REVIEW: How do. you feel about the way inwhieh Budget Priorities Committee (BPC) has funded student groups thiS past year?

the enVironmental issue their crusade.

This enabled them to attract a lot of uninformed voters who were impressed by Actions "words" on the environment. The environment is a worthy cause, but its not the only issue on this campus. Of course, when we work extremely hard on other issues such as meal credit reform, they fabricate lies to cover it up.

REVIEW: But didn't RHA initiate D1ealcreditreforD1?

CHIUMIGRAS: Yeah, in 1986! But who has actually been getting something accomplished on that issue in 1989-1990?

WILLIAMS: RHAmay have initiated it, but what have they don~,? It took

OULIMlCRAS:Amen!

WILLIAMS: Wen, if one were to cornparethlsyear to the previous one, the major difference would be that rnoregroupshav~ requested and received funding - groups that had previously not received any funding. 1 think BPC has been quite fair in its funding allocation, applying the same standards to everyone. Unfortunately, the average amount of funding that BPC was able to allocate to a student group fell from about $400 to approximately$250. This reduction in funding was due, mainly, to the incompetency of previous MSA administrations.

REVIEW: What are your plans for next year?

WILLIAMS: I will return to "private citizen" status and write the MSA

AWARD WINNING

PIZZA MONTHLY DETROIT MAGAZINE RATES OUR PIZZA 3RD BEST IN SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN

CHIUMIGRAS: Who has been trying to derecognize student groups? Not Cc. This is absolutely ridiculous It seems as though the very groups whose rights CC fought to protect have turned their backs on us. As to why, that I don't know.

REVIEW: Why do you think the "Earth Day'" people turned their backs onyoUrsiven thatit:was. a CC",

them four years. Meanwhile, two CC members have actually initiated change in the system. When we spoke to several members of the residence hall student councils, they didn't even know that RHA existed.

15 DIFFERENT SUBS on whole wheat or white 30 DIFFERENT SHAKE FLAVORS and WE PRACTICAllY INVENTED CHIPATIS

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Research Continued from page 1 meeting proceedings." Two members of the committee, however, act as liaisons between the committee and the general public and may be contacted for information about the meetings.

Another issue that directly involves the U-M is the use of pound animals in testing. SCAAR maintains that the use of pound animals is unethical because the animals were once pets and are only being used because they are cheaper than conditioned animals (animals raised for the sole purpose of testing). They feel that the use of pound animals is unscientific and unsafe because the animals have no medical histories. They cftso believe that conditioned animals have better test results because their medical histories are known and they are not subjected to the "stress" of having once been a pet.

According to Ringler, the U-M Animal Research Facility uses pound animals because it is unethical not to use them. He explained that by not using pound animals two animals will die - the pound animal and the research dog. If a pound dog is not picked up after a certain amount of time, it is put to sleep. Only when this waiting period of seven to 10 days has expired are animals eligible for pur-

chase by animal researchers.

SCAAR and other animal rights activist groups think the animals should be put to sleep immediately, rather than being used for experimentation. According to Ringler, Animal-rights groups, such as the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and the Animal Liberation II

Washingtonian as saying, Animal liberationists do not separate out the human animal ... A rat is a pig is a dog isa boy."

While Ringler and SCAAR disagree on some fundamental issues, they both believe that the Department of Agriculture, which governs the husbandry of research animals, does not II

Animalliberationists do not seperate out the human animal ... A rat is a pig is a dog is a boy." - Ingrid Newkirk, director of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) II

Front (ALF), endorse legislation forcing scientists to pay exorbitant prices to commercial suppliers for animals.

At the same time, countless millions are put to death in pounds without benefit to humankind."

PETA and ALF maintain that research animals should not be used in laboratory testing at all because they have a moral and philosophical right to not be tested. The director of PETA, Ingrid Newkirk, has based the movement on philosopher Peter Singer's Animal Liberation, in which Singer calls the human use of animals "speciesism" - the moral eqUivalent of racism.

Newkirk was recently quoted in The

receive enough funding. SCAAR feels that if the department received more funding it could more effectively govern the husbandry of research animals and the actual testing of the animals.

Ringler says he would welcome this change as it would let the public know that research scientists have nothing to hide.

Ringler does feel that animalrights groups have had beneficial effect of improving the priori ties of ethical treatment of animals.

"The groups have increased public awareness in animal research," said Ringler. "We support animal-rights activists regarding humane and ethi-

cal treatment of animals, but at the current time there is no good substitute for the knowledge gained from animal research."

SCAAR successfully petitioned the U-M's Director of Housing Food Service recently to have veal removed for menus in residence hall cafeterias.

Now, with Ringler, the group has petitioned the U-M's Undergraduate Biology Department and requested a "Hotline" phone number be placed on the syllabi of all undergraduate biology courses. This way, students would be able to reach Ringler if they feIt lab animals were being treated unethically. Next year this "Hotline" number will appear on the syllabi.

While some universities are plagued with laboratory break-ins and violent protests over animal rights, nothing of this sort has taken place at the U-M. The attitude of SCAAR is one of moderation, its focus being increased campus awareness of animal rights. The Animal Research Facility also agrees with the need to make research less painful and to reduce the number of animals in experimentation. It is up to the public to weigh animal experimentation's ethical cost versus its potential good.

Vincent DeSantis is a junior in economics and political science and a staff writer for the Review.

Germany II, as the Russians had moved the enWhen there were two Germanies, tire country of Poland westward. RusWest Germany faced West and East sia annexed Poland's eastern third for Germany faced East. Germany beitself and dreve drove the Polish innification is already inevitable. "Ecolongs not to the East and not to the nomic unification will occurin under a West but to the realm of Central Eu- . habitants into the land conquered from Germany. Though he is pleased year and political unification in under rope."

Tonsor believes that all of Europe by the prospect of German reunificatwo years." tion, he says it is not in the hands of the .The primary problem Okun sees will feel the economic and cultural Germans. "Reunification depends on is~ "the. need ~o de:-Nazify East Ge~.: . benefits路 of reunification. At the same many, .which, when the communi.~'路 time, however, he is not worried bythe the four victorious allied powers." were in power, did not undergo this Furthermore, Scholler says that potential for further German expanthe reunification is, "complicated by sionism. "Germany can only maxi~ pTO(~ very thorougNy.'~路 Okuti"l~' the fact that some Germans regard noted that, "Withnuclear warheads: mize its prosperity by economic coopparts of Poland as home." and over a million troops, Germal\)fJ~, eration,"Silid Tonsor.

Naturally, the many German stu"The whole of East Germanywill themof!t heavily.anned placeolvtbe' face of the planet" Hesaid.that 00' have to be rebuilt." Once the rebuilddents who study at.. the U-M have opinions, too. Most are enthusiastic ca~'ofthis, the proeess of unification ing is done, however, "there may be about the recent political developcalls for the annexation of territories wilPlea tedious and time consQrning ments in their homeland. Klauss process. that were German prior to World War Tappe, a doctoral candidate in German U-:-M history professor Stephen II from the people who were driven out Tonsor, who has studied German hisof them." literature, said that, "conditions in tory and culture extensively, concurs After World War II over 15 million Germany are kind of chaotic right now." with Okun. The reunification, which Germans were driven from Eastern he considers inevitable, "has manY Many East Germans do not want Europe into Germany. One of these advantages." "The Soviet Union has to wait for the benefits of capitalism to people was U-M German Professor been forced from Central Europe and Harald Scholler, a native of the former filterdown,according to Tappe. "They the United States has been relieved of realize that they can have a much betGerman province of Sileasia, now a its responsibilities." Tonsor says he is, part of Poland. Scholler was forced to ter lifestyle if they immediately leave "enthusiastic for the sake of Europe .... stay inWest Germany after World War for the West.'~

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Amimia Brueggeman, also a doctoral candidate in German literature says that, "A lot of East Germans are still afraid of what is going to happen.

They do not know how to cope with problems like unemployment."

Brueggeman does not think that membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) will be an important concern for .the new Germany. because, "eventually, institutions like' the Warsaw Pact and NATO will dissolve."

German,reunification should end one more chapter in the long story of convulsive change that has character~ ized this century. Reunification is partly the result of changes still underway in the Soviet Union,. the outcome of which remain highly uncertain.

However, for Europe beyond the S0viet Union, life may soon be returning to normal. The prospects for a Europe' fully risen from the ashes of World War II are very promising.

Clifton Gault is junior in history and political science and an assistant editor of the Review.

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Research Justified Continued From Page 8 frorn using anirnals in biornedical research is, on utilitarian grounds, rnorally wrong.

When balancing the pleasures and pains resulting frorn the use of animals in research, we rnust not fail to place on the scales the terrible pains that would have resulted, would be suffering now, and would long continue had animals not been used. Every disease eliminated, every vaccine developed, every rnethod of pain relief devised, every surgical procedure invented, every prosthetic device irnplanted indeed, virtually every rnodem rnedical therapy is due, in part or in whole, to experirnentation using anirnals.

Nor rnay we ignore, in the balancing process, the predictable gains in .human (and anirnal) well- being that are probably achievable in the futUre · but that will not be achieved if the decision is made now to desist frorn such research or to curtail it.

Medical investigators are seldorn insensitive to the distress their work rnay cause anirnal subjects. Opponents of research using anirnals are frequently insensitive to the cruelty of the results of the restrictions they would irnpose. Untold nurnbers of hurnan beings - real persons, although now

not identifiable - would suffer grievously as the consequence of this wellmeaning but shortsighted tenderness.

If the morally relevant differences between humans and animals are borne in mind, and if all relevant considerations are weighed, the calculation of

the level of actual anirnal distress in the laboratory generally lower than that in the abattoir. So long as death and discornfort do not substantially differ in the two contexts, the consistent objector must not only refrain from all eatingof animals but also protest as vehe-

One cannot coherently object to the killing of animals in biomedical investigations while continuing to eat them.

So long as death and discomfort do not. substantially differ in the two contexts, the consistent objector must not only · refrain from all eating of animals but also protest against others eating them. long-term consequences must give overwhelming support for biornedical research using animals.

Finally, inconsistency between the profession and the practice of many who oppose research using animals deserves comrnent. One cannot coherently object to the killing of anirnals in biomedical investigations while continuing to eat them. Anesthetics and thoughtful animal husbandry render

mently against others eating them as others experimenting on them. No less vigorously must the critic object to the wearing of animal hides in coats and shoes, to ernployment in any industry that uses animal parts, and to any cornmercial developrnent that will cause death or distress to animals.

Killing anirnals to rneet hurnan needs for food, clothing, and shelter is judged entirely reasonable by rnost

persons. The ubiquity of these uses and their virtual universality of moral support for thern confront the opponent of research using animals with an inescapable diffiCUlty. How can the many common uses of animals be judged morally worthy, while their use in scientific investigation is judged unworthy?

Opposi tion to the use of animals in research is based on argurnents of two different kinds - those relying on the alleged rights of animals and those relying on the consequences for animals.I have argued that arguments of bot}:! kinds rnust fail. We surely do have obligations to animals, but they have,and can have, rio rights against us on which research can infringe. In calculating the consequences of animal research, we must weigh the longterm benefits of the results achievedto animals and to hurnans - and in that calculation we rnust not assurne the rnoral equality of all animate spe~ cies.

Carl Cohen is a professor of philosophy in the Residential College and the Medical School at the University of Michigan.

Research Immoral Continued From Page 9 and mice make-up about 90percent of all laboratory animals, yet they are excluded frorn even the basic protec- . tionthat the Animal Welfare Act provides regarding housing and cleaning standards. The remaining percentage includes primates and cats and dogs.

Research on primates is unconscionable by any standards, including the standard of chauvinism: these are after all our cousins, highly intelligent and social beings. Research on cats and dogs, who were domesticated and bred to be our companions and share our fanlily life, is tantamount to treason. We have betrayed the trust they were bred to show us, we have made thern dependent, and now we treat thern in ways they are not rneant to expect. Experimentation on pets perpetuates and extends the throw-away mentality to sentient and intelligent creatures. It, therefore, exacerbates the overpopulation problem, while it dernoralizes humane shelter workers

and lets irresponsible owners off the lives as if nobody else rnatters. A few change on their own. Sorne, however, hook. Yet vets and doctors alike declaim to be morally cornpelled to vivifend the use of pets in research vehemently, in spite of the fact that these section because of their high concern for humans. To · such people, with animals are a very small percentage of whom I disagree, respect is due, if they the laboratory animals used.

Various alternatives to the use of denounce the cruel frivolity of cosanimals in research already exist. metic/household-product-testing and refrain from vivisecting our cornSome are widely used and sorne are panion animals and other beings of unshunned just to avoid conceding doubtedlyhigh intelligence, such as points in favor of animal rights activists. When the word alternatives is rnentioned, the research apologists exclairn loudly that there are very few .

For that we may rest assured: until pressure on behalf of anirnals was exerted, there was no effort rnade to develop any! Using animals is the easy way {)ut. Whether their use has led to successes or not is immaterial since science does not use a single rnethod to solve a problern, and many paths lead to the ·sarne . result. When a person . clairns that without anirnals research is doomed, that person betrays a prO-: found lack of faith in science and shows ignorance of its workings.

It is futile to try to attempt to convince those who have been liVing their

primates, marine rnarnrnals, etc. To do less is either hypocrisy or moral deficiency.

Matia·Comninou is a professor in mechanicaIengineering and applied meCh.mics at the University of Michigan.

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Van Va/ey that needs to be made is thatMSA is a governing body and South Africa is a country.

Continued From Page 11

BURKS:,Whenever a governing body answers its telephone "Conservative

, REVIEW: What did they do Utatwas running on your record? , Can you name specific advertisements or flyers that cited you and,your voting , record?

REVIEW: Were you bothered by the race and gender of the two selections?

BURKS: I was not bothered by the ra,ce and gender, I was bothered that diversity was not on that committee.

There is a problem with discrimination , and harassment; it's a problem that needs to be addressed.

VAN VALEY: I could, yes.

REVIEW: Please do so.

Women's Issues Committee talks about something very real, like sexual assault on this campus, that is not something funny and not something we should blind ourselves to. That is an issue of gender and an issue of power.

Traditionally, MSA has focussed on white issues, on male issues. In order to to be representative, in order to deal with the issues at hand, the issues t1)at face students, we need to have students on MSA and its commi.ttees that can tell us awut it. If we have a ,resolution that comes up about handicapped students on this campus; , , ifthere,is:not one student on the assembIythat knows anything about handicapped issues, how are we to make the . decisioJlal:)()Ut what is best? '. . .

VAN VALEY: They cited my voting , record on certain resolutions in , t~ , Coalition Office," ,I have some prob- , asSembly, andtheymisrepr~ted, lems with that. I don't thi~ , thaHn REVIEW: You have completely Cc)n~ myopinions about certain policies arid ' Congress anyone answers ' the teletradided yourself there. ideals. Thatis thei,way of campajg.nphone, ''Democratic Capitol HiU," or ': ~ We're running by bririging'9\l~ ; ''Republican Capitol Hill." , VAN VALEY: Don't.you think ,that'S tiUpgs Aaron WilJiaIllS.h as do~.),.do . ,· '. '. . . "'. '., .. .. . kind ,~fa Wid statement? Could,Yo.u · . tAA'see that heisaneffective .~,. VAN ~A~EY: Do you kriow , ~hat a" clarifYthat? .... ....... ~EvmW:. Wbatiswrongwithsimply . am:U have told people that. ,.; ' , ' plurality 157 Do you know~t:.t~ .,.;, , " . ..' . dtoosi~people who are the most. .~ .' .' average number of peoplewh,? ,~w:, .. ' :REVIEW: What you have COftcen- ." q~alifie:d for the position? . . · R.~: COUld you ; perha~ , clt~ , for any oftregiven meeqn~is9raly : ~~on,with thesetwopeople;Is, , : , .' '. . " 's~e of the Dl~thatwere.said!;,. ,35? Do you know that tbeJe" ~' ~O~tyou've said, ''Hnuil, th~~stwo ' BWQ.<S: You said the most qualified;! alJOut you, and. ~wrefute t4ent? ·;:~ . elected CC people? Becatl~ ' ()f . .new people here" and thdirstthjng:, M.v~ .J\Q:problem with that. One of the . / , .'" . . . absenteeism, there is, in real. termS, a'. . Y9u~vecited is .their race and~ij peOple hired for BPC missed of V:~VALEY: WeU,thefirstoJie'tMtl .' CC majority. . . . gender. And th~ you immediately " . o)lrtht:eemeetings in one semester.!'d h~ardwasthathvastheorilype.~tt) ·. . , . .' . tupl around and say that you are,nOt like to see me do that, and be able to •.. \1,ote against the LOUis Fa~t~~ REVIEWtiiAngie, yoUl editorialCl)~o ' .concerned about that. keep my position. 'iuflon, (condemning his appe~c~1it': · reads, lice has failed .to bdngdi":e.fi. : . '. .

Michigan State University) and.J haf sHy to [MSAl committees._ :Yes, Iwuo.. ; nURKs: You asked.me if it was a pri. beCause I voted agrunst the resolu.tion . appointedtoa committeewithaUeast drily" and I said, "No." I said it was a lamananti':"Semit~.lreal1ydon'nhinKfive white males. Why can't there be ' . f«ctor.l did not say.it was a priority. ,Rl!VJEW: Angie, to YO,Uf editorial I need to explain that. Ifthey h~l<Mone five Asian males, five Indian males, the Daily, you say,"Someone could their homework they would , hilve: five handicapped women, five white , REVIEW; So, the race and gender of be called a nigger, chink, jap, or spie, known thatI wasnottheonlypetsonto women, five African-Amtricari . tbe 'people appointed to this commit- · and not go through any sort of apOl~ vote against it, if th~y had botherwto women or men? I guess CCd()esn't teeis a concern. ogy. CC supports this." Do you think . askme, which a f<ilwof themdi<i~~lld' thinknveexist on this ~pJ,.s."T.wo ' . . . . .. . . people should be able to say those they know whatmy reasoninifwas, out of nine blacks would bean over-.. . BURKS: Diversity is what concei"I1$" words on campus? representation compjU'e(l to t~e' me. ".' . ,then they wouldn't have beei: ~g . . that as a campaign tactit. '~~J4 'of ,. Unitet:fS'tates' population.' .'¥-et 'yb1;t '. . ": ': lJURI(S: I didn~ t say whether they · ..course, they know it makeS.n\e 'IOOJ.',' . are '~ for five minorities; andex.. ';. '. VAN. VALEY: The world is not~li"d'" ', sl\()l)ldsay those words on campus.In · ··..·likea bad perSon":l JIl¢an; tI\\l~$'.;~~ti.;·. cliidirig~hite males. ".' '. ....• : ~ tace and gender. Nobody is blind .1<J:' . ' a ~1ilssr90menvironmenll don't think : caJnpaigning is',''all a:bout; '·:~f~:}': .....' '. ' . , · :race alld gender. When M$,A: s,: a:slur~should 'be made .

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REVIEW: Do you feel that if a person said these words and was then forced to go through a process of apology that this would be a violation of the First Amendment?

Now, how do you deal with it? It's a completely 'differen tissue. It's a hard issue because I do not have confidence in the adminstration of the university.

We have no guarantee that they will listen to us (students], we have no guarantee they are coming from the BURKS: I don't think it is if it's not same place we are. We believe there is forced - I think they should be apa problem with discriminatory harassproached; I said a process - an apolment and we want to address it. The ogy or process. Maybe a process would policy committee, which I am chair of, involve asking that person, "Why did has voted not to present a policy, beyou say that? What kind of feelings cause the university is basically asking were you feeling inside?" It's someus for tacit consent to the code of nonthing you wantto work on. I didn't say academic conduct. In the past year anything about being forced, or anysince this policy committee has been thing about holding a gun to formed, there has also been a proposed someone's head. I don't think that's policy committee for a protest policy. I the best measure. asked the president last week, "Why is the code such an important issue to REVIEW: Do you think the U-M you?" He said, "Well, Jennifer, first of should have a policy to deal with all, I'm not going to debate this issue people who say offensive things? with you, and second of all, it is not even on my top 100 list of priorities."

BURKS: I think they should. But I He was absolutely telling the don't think it should be something truth.

And you want to know why? forced. It should be a thing that looks at Because his "list" does not say 1-100 a the inside of the person, rather than code is an important thing. It says, something like, "you have to pay ten number one:' policy on protesting; dollars because you made a slur." number two: policy on discrimination; number three: policy onsomething REVIEW: What do mean "should not else. And there is probably 1-100 polibe forced?" What should not be des. They are pitting you against me, forced? Enforcement should not be we disagree ideologically on a lot of forced? things, that is very obvious. Bu t the one thing we have in common is we are all BURKS: Like a fine; a fine should not students and we are all affected when be forced. There should be a process. the university administration comes in Let's say the day after an epithet has and tries to rob us of student rights. been hurled, the professor comes to The university goes to those stuclass, or someone else, to deal with this dents who are worried aboutdiscrimiperson, and asks why did they do that, natory harassment and says work on a how did they feel when they did that. policy for this. Then they go to another group, and they say, "we are really REVIEW: A discussion, but not a worried about the radicals having aU punishment? these, protests, and we want you to BURKS: Not a punishment. ,w,orkon a protest policy." Then they ,~t() another group of people who are .

VAN VAL.EY: Why ,don't Y~!J,ju$t ask , .)~~e~ed, aOOut another issue ,a nd the question, I'DoYOt,1Sl,tppo"tl PO~!)', ,:I5a;Y" "we need to h~ve.apolicy anthis,", ',' on' discrimination and ,harassment?" 'i¥'hatever it may be. ,So here you have~ Isn' Hltat.what you're gettinga(? spread across the campu~, 5, 10, 20,.~; ,100 ,differentgroU.p;5and ~d visory •

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rufer, personally, support an off.Clal, 'And nOne of usha~,a say,' Q~ 'us, U-Mpolicythatwould punishoft~n~ . ,have a yote, noneoi u~bave artytind sive s p e e d t ? o f l e g i s l a t i v e voice. If we all buyintoiti . . '" , we all make .our ·recc:>mnlend~tio~, .

VAN VA-LEY:, I agree with: Angie, soon we ·are allgoblg to 'have code.

And th~t doesn't diminish the need to th~re is a problem with discrimination address some of the problems. I don't and harassment; it's a problem that think addressing a protest policy ,is needs to be addressed. Angie should necessary we do not need to limit . not have to sit in a classroom and be protest.

However, I think there,is a called a "nigger" and have th~t go problem with discrimination and harignored. That is completely offensive rassment, and it is something that and out of line. There is no way that needs to be dealt with.

The way to deal belongs in an educational environwith. it is not through,giving up, $tAr , 11)ent.

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dent power, or asking the administration to take control over us. Now, per~ sonally, I think the way to deal with this is through education, and I support a requirement for a class on ethnicity, or gender, or cultural background. It is a problem, and maybe you disagree, maybe you don't think it is a problem, but I really do, and I feel it needs to be dealt with.

Somewhere, we end up judging my right not to be discriminated against or harassed against your right to do or say anything you want.

Alittle of your time may mean more time for someone else.

REVIEW: Finally, what is your opinion of the Review?

BURKS: I like the Review, myself. I think it's a good paper and I think you all are probably going to write this article saying, /JOh my gosh! Did you hear what she said?" and I love that.

That is the essence of politics.

VAN VALEY: As David Maquera (CC's publicity director) said about me, liThe Review just tickles me pink."

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Arts: Book Reviews

The Decadence of Wall Street Uar'sPoker Mlcheal Lewis

depictions are superb. Bond traders, powerful meaning for traders. People often far more often vulgar than civilin like John Merriwether believed tl:tat their speech, frequently have nick- , Liar's Poker had a lot in common with names such as "the HumanPiranha/' bond trading. It tested a trader's character. It honed a traders in~tincts. A The antics of the traders are equally ,good player made a good trader, and amusing. Although, the mortgage bond traders of Salomon Brothers were vice versa. We all understood it."

J'TheGame: In Liar's Poker a group ~he hottest traders on Wall Street, they of people, as few as two, as many as were also renown as,rude, fat, obnoxious, and often dangerous. While the ten, form a circle. Each player holds a , ~author was a trainee, he recalls stodidollar bill close to his chest" r-'---"--------.__""Izr.--"1\.... ously avoiding the mortgage trading, area so as "not to get hit by a phone."

These men, among the leaders of cor"porate America, were most renowned, however, for their gluttony. "You can't

Frenchmen) are getting their faces ripped off,' said the Piranha." And, W.W. Norton & Co. "The nippers (Japanese), they love Hardcover, $18.95 me." Eventually this backfired in 249pp.

Salomon's, and America's, face, as with the Savings and Loan swindles.

by Clifton Gault "'You must understand,' a weary , "One hand, one million dollars,no ,French female investor told me one tears." day as she fended off a Salomon Broth"No, John, if we are going to play ers priority,'we are tired of being Jor those kind of numbers; I'd rather ripped off, by Drexel Burnham and play for real money. Ten nuUion d~lGoldman Sachs and Salomon Brothers lars, No tears.'" , and the other Americans.' " , This exchange occurred on a, Wall Liilr's Poker is an interesting perStreet trading floor in 1986" John is sonal account of a world of arrogance, JOhn Gutfreund, the chairplan of the greed, and corruption that thrived Wall Street bOnd house "Salomon ' 'buy four hundred dollars of Mexicimfeod. ' during the past decade. It is'a further Brothers," the other man is his top , But we'd try-guacamole infive-gal~ exposure of the world revealed by Ion drums, for a start." bond trader; John Merriwether, popuauthor Tom Wolfe in the novel, The lar among wealthy Wall Street bond To find the men responsible for the , , Bonfire of the Vanities. traders in the 1980's. The game is ' several billions of dollars of tax money The writing is, for the most part, ,"Liar's Poker," a modified version of that ' will be needed to bail out good enough to shoulder an excellent poker that uses a dollar bill's serial America's Savings and Loans OIle need story. Only occasionally does the book number in place of playing cards. look no farther than Wall Street. It was become boring, as when the author So begins a cynical tour,\ at in the trading of mortgage bonds that strays too far off the subject telling , once fascinating and disgusting, Salomon Brothers made its real forstories about the firm's past. A more bothersome flaw is the author's transhlne. Salomon Brothers was in the through the freewheeling, greed , of parent English snobbery, which surright place at the right time when Wall Street's greatest boom. faces time and again .

Congress passed some special tax The author, Michael Lewis, is However, these minor shortcom, breaks intended to help S&L's.

Unforan Englishmen who worked for :the ' ings did little to distract me from the tunately, by exposing them to the likes , investment banking firm of Salomon ". sobering wealth of information I , of "the Brothers;" this orilyrriade ba.d Brothers, or "the Brothers," from 1985' , "Each ,player attempts to ,fool the learned about Wall Street "culture" of times much worse. to 1988. When Lewis went to work for others about the serial numbers , the previous decade.

I would recom~ , "Many thrifts," writes Lewis, Salomon Brothers in 1985, the firm was printed on the face of his dollar bill." , mend it to anyone seeking a greater brand new '1ayered a billion dollars of known as, "the most profitable corpoLewis immerses the reader in the understanding of the "roaring eightloans' on top of their existing, disasration in the world." In Liar's Poker, ' 'adolescent machismo of a Wall 'Street' ' ies." troushundred million dollars of old Lewis gives a narrative of his time at "culture" where a tough and over-, loss making loans, in a hope that the Salomon Brothers and provides gos~achieving trader was called a "Big new would offset the old." ", sipy tidbits about the firm and jts hi~ , , Swinging Dick." This vulgar languag~ Clifton Gault is junior in history and This is only the tip of the proverbial tory: continues throughout the book as if it political science and an assistent ediiceberg.

The traders of Salomon Broth· With his book, Lewis plunges the were a cop novel. tor of the Review. ers regarded foreigners with disdain., The book's realistic tones make it all reader into the strange world of the i''The fuckin' frogs (an epithet for ' ,investment banker. ''The game had,a themoreworthreading. Thecharacter

Manifesto Destiny'?· What a great'ideal Communist Manifesto Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Siberian Publishing Co.

PapeJback, 66 pp.

by John J. Miller, Adam J. DeVore, and Brian J. Jendryka It was April 16th. We had just spent three hours manufacturing numbers for John's tax return and were running out of things to do. We had already been shanty-tipping and were quickly tiring of painting "Go State" on kiosks. We then remembered the old standby, the one place guaranteed to provide maximum fun and frivolity: the graduate library stacks.

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should quit trying to be upper middle class elitists! We can all live in universal harmony with the environment, most varieties of plankton, lobotomized fruit flies, and even UCAR, if none of us had any class!" said John. ~'That could be, John, dude, but don't you think the most inspiring idea is that of a single, unified, national party? But why must we have a revolution?" replied Adam.

"Because the Beatles say you want one," said Brian. IIAnd everyone says that communism is a failed system!" .

• John and Bnan. are truly big losers, but Adam is kind of cooL . , , ' , ,+ :i-- .... . ~ ",I\f,. '-t:t:," \/" ;'i. i.·.....~'*i ~.~.\ . ,.\ .... ' •

Luckily for this story, we happened ties in Brian's translation, we ' were upon a dusty, thin paperback book ·' uncertain what Karl meant by "clas~ sandwiched between AliI ever needed to less." At first, being the academic know 1read in the Daily and The Life and ' workaholics we are, we thought he Times of Richard Nixon. We were a little meant that students would no longer leary, after all it was in Russian. "No need to attend oppressive classes like problem," Brian exclaimed. '1 studied University Course 299, where insensiRussian for five years in Paris." tive individuals oppress us with their Although he was a bit rusty with words. But then we realized that we hisRussian,andsomewhatbefuddled couldn't possibly know' what it feels

by French words like ''bourgeoisie,'' like to be oppressed, being white males Brian assured us that his translation and all. would be most excellent. After hearing Then John recalled what Adam him out, we were convinced that Karl had written in November about had discovered the key e1e-rnent of the "trying to look as slovenly and out of final Utopia: classlessness. place as possible." .. However, due to certain ambigui. ·"'Maybe Karl jUst means that we ..., c,

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Arts: Record Reviews

Second. Self Needs a$ Second Effort . •.' .. . : ;

Second Self AfoodRlng EMI Records

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EMI apparently foresees a profitable future from the label's new group, Second Self, as it printed twice as many copies of Mood Ring than is usual for a band's debut.

The optimism is justified; the band is both musically talented and creative. The current album only indicates potential, however. The band's originality is often counterproductive - a sign of inexperience. Still, Mood Ring has its high points.

Second Self, which hails from Detriot, defies categorization - nobody else sounds quite like them. The band's sound is based on the syncopated drumming of Jeffrey Fowlkes.

Usually the drumming in rock music is repetitive and predictable: a slight variation on the bass drum on the down-beat, snare on the up-beat, and a cymbal on the eighth notes. Fowlkes puts effort into surprising the listener with an original sound in each song, and even altering rhythms from measure to measure.

Unusual sounds also come from the omnipresent heavy feedback of Greg Giampa's guitars. More impressive is that he produces real music, instead of just using the sounds as gimmicks. His playing ranges from a Jimi Hendrix-ish psychedelia in ''Trapped Beneath the Stone," to the straight ahead sound of modem popmetal in ''Dream Train." Somewhere within those parameters his guitar

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ticular talents of the musicians are showcased as often as possible in many songs, regardless of whether or not an extra vocal flourish, or off-beat snare drum, original guitar riff is appropriate. They are more successful in songs like "The Glory," "I Stand You Spin," and "Ghost Dance," when the music is more focused only accented by their bursting creativity. When that creativity overwhelms everything else, such as in ''Trapped Beneath the Stone" and "Lock Me Away, " it becomes disturbing and detracts from the music.

Most annoying are the constant gimmicks. Horns are added to a few songs, where they are about as appro. priate as they would be for thrash, and there are constant special effects between the tracks. There is even a 35 second wait between the fourth and fifth songs. Yawn!

Despite these problems, the album is far from bad. The band succeeds in being distinctive, which is better than 90% of rock groups, and the result of their efforts is a few good songs, a few dull songs, and a fair album. If this was was really recorded live, which sounds likely, than they are exceptionally sharp on stage. They sound like a sharp live act, and ought to be worth seeing. More worthwhile, however, shouid be Second Self's second album, when the refinement and restraint that comes with experience could work wonders with all that talent.

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Tom Binkow is a junior in English and a staff writer for the Review .

Wilson Phillips Stinks Wilson Phillips Wilson Phillips SBK Records

by John J. Miller After returning ' home from the Ziggy Marley concert, Carnie, Chynna, and Wendy decided their future lay in music.

"You know, Carnie and I are the daughters of ex-Beach Boy Brian Wilson, and Chynna's father, John Phillips, is in the Mamas and the Papas," said Wendy. "Maybe we could make an album, too." ''Yeah! That's a great idea!" said .:.ti

d\usir, mutnbling sOme words like R.E.M.'s Michael Stipe, and keeping a little of the Hutchence twang. At the very least, he keeps the listener's attention.

The bass-lines are the only standard contribution to the music. Occasionally Andrew Nehra will play with Ol ::!. an upbeat rhythm in a higher octave and out comes something sounding l'> like funk, or a couple of times he ::s ....... "walks" his bass through a pseudo~ jazz interlude. Otherwise, however, ~. the bass does little to inspire, but is at least consistent and can keep up with Fowlkes' drumming.

Better sound quality might make the bass more prevalent (the album was recorded in an attic studio), and improve the band's sound in concert or on future releases. On Mood Ring, however, the dominance of the drums and heavy guitar feedback, augmented

by Michael Nehra's voice, produces an inventive, but harsh and jerking metal sound in the faster songs, such as Giampa playing irregular notes along ''Dream Train" and" Aun t Jenny (Bless My Soul)," and an arty quality in the with the drummer's irregular ballads. An acoustic guitar is also rhythms. The combination of these added to the ballads "Ghost Dance" two musicians is responsible for Second Self's unique music. and "I Stand You Spin," and the heavy Michael Nehra's singing adds to feedback electric guitar is used only for solos and accents. (Is the latter song the group's distinctiveness. He can adequately simulate a pop-metal inspired by metaphysical poetry? screech in the fastest songs. In the mid"As I watch the world tum and turn/ tempo songs his singing is much more I stand, you spin, only to end up where interesting, reminiscent of Michael you begin" - You be the judge.) They Hutchence of INXS. In the ballads, far surpass the standard pop-metal especially "1 Stand You Spin," he is at ballad. his best with a voice that sounds, well, While Second Self has all the only like himself - an eccentric tenor skills it needs, the music sounds like a voice that slips and slides through the band trying to prove itself. The par-

-pFodUees its ' own.,.odistinctstyle ' of atonal notes, and very few standard riffs or solos. Giampa shares therhythmic sense of Fowlkes, which sometimes results in a strange mix of

Chynna. "Our parents could get us a record contract!"

"That's just what I was thinking," said Carnie. "We could call ourselves the 'Papas' Girls.'''

And so the three young ladies wrote some hopelessly banal songs like "Release Me" and "The Dream is Still Alive," had other people write some hopelessly banal songs like "Impulsive" and "A Reason to Believe," and luld professional musicians bang out some hopelessly banal pop music.

Sure, the vocals were pleasant, ''You're in LOve" was almost (but not ' '' l>''' ~ . ~. < ''' '' /'

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quite) poignant, and "Eyes Like Twins" was worth listening to at least :;0<: l'>

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once.

But the finished product was basically pop drivel. ''Julian Lennon would be proud of us!" said Chynna.

So our heroines released their album for public consumption. And no, they didn't call themselves the ''Papas' Girls."

But they should have.

John J. Miller is a sophomore in English and editor-in-chief of the Review. :, '

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