Clausuras subordinadas

EXERCISE

INSTITUTO POLITECNICO “SANTIAGO MARIÑO” EXT.PORLAMAR INGLES II

Bachiller: Milagros Rosas Julio, 2015

- INGLES II

Subordinate clauses are those formed by a main clause, subordinate conjunction and a dependent clause. In English there are different conjunctions and adverbs indicating reason, purpose, result of something, time, contrast.

Subordinate clauses can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of the main clause:

 When you read this lesson, students take good notes and do the exercises.  Good students, when they read this lesson, take notes and do the exercises.  Good students take notes and do the exercises when you read this lesson.

- INGLES II

The subordinating links are words that introduce subordinate clauses unlike coordinating ties, which play a role in these. Syntactically the nexus subordinating usually subordinate syntactic core phrase.

Because + Clause Reason (Razón).- We can express the cause using the following links: Because = porque Because of = por, debido a La diferencia entre ambos nexos es que el primero va seguido de una oración (con sujeto y verbo) y el segundo va seguido de nombre.

BECAUSE + CLAUSE We moved to another city because my father got a new job.

BECAUSE OF + NOUN We moved to another city because of my father’s new job.

As /since = como, puesto que. - As it is your birthday, I’ll lend you my best clothes.

Normalmente van al principio de la frase Otros nexos causales: due to, owing to = debido a

Because Of + Noun

- INGLES II

Purpose (Propósito).- With this type of prayer we express the purpose, why someone does something. La traducción de todos los nexos va a ser siempre ‘para’. Los nexos y sus usos son:

To + infinitivo - I went to the university to talk to one of my teachers.

In order to / - I went to the university in order to talk to one of my so as to teachers. (more formal) Nota: 1. En frases negativas, se emplea generalmente in order not to /so as not to (no not to sólo): - I hurried so as not to miss the bus. 2. Este tipo de nexo sólo se usa cuando el sujeto del verbo y el del infinitivo es el mismo.

So that + can(n’t) /will (won’t) → para referirnos al presente o futuro + would(n’t) / could(n’t) → para referirnos al pasado Ejemplos: - I’ll buy a ball so that we can play football. = Compraré un balón para que podamos jugar al fútbol.

- Get a map with you so that you won’t get lost. = Coge un mapa para no perderte.

- I bought a ball so that we could play football = Compré un balón para que pudiésemos jugar al fútbol.

- We got a map with us so that we wouldn’t get lost = Cogimos un mapa para no perdernos.

- INGLES II

For + noun / -ing form - A knife is used for cutting In case significa por si acaso In case + present → para referirse al presente

+ past → para referirse al pasado Ejemplos: - I will take an umbrella in case it rains.

- We bought an extra ticket in case Martin wanted to join us.

Nota: Compara in case e if: - We will buy an extra ticket in case Martin wants to join us (lo compramos

antes por si Martin luego decide venir).

- We will buy an extra ticket if Martin wants to join us (esperamos a que Martin nos diga que va a venir y luego compramos la entrada).

For + Noun

- INGLES II

So / Such....That

Resultado (Result )- We can express the cause using the following links: So = así que - She was ill so she couldn’t take the exam.

- I failed my English test and therefore I took it As a result / therefore = again in September. por tanto, como consecuencia - I failed my English test. Therefore, I took it again in September.

so / such....that = tan........que SO + ADJECTIVE / ADVERB + THAT The ticket for the concert was so expensive (that) we couldn’t buy it.

SUCH + (ADJECTIVE) + NOUN THAT It is such a big city (that) I always get lost.

Nota: 1. En este segundo caso, si el nombre es incontable o plural, no se pondría el artículo indefinido a : It was such nice weather that we decided to go on a picnic. 2. En ambos casos, that se puede omitir.

- INGLES II

De tiempo (Time).- The most common links that introduced such sentences are: - As I was walking down the street, I saw When / as = cuando my ex-boyfriend.

- I’ll phone you when I know the answer While = mientras (que) - While I was watching TV, the telephone rang.

As soon as = tan - I’ll phone you as soon as I know the answer. pronto como - As soon as he had finished studying, he left.

- The train had left before they got to the Before / after = antes de (que) station / después de (que) - She went to the gym after she had done her homework.

Until = hasta (que) - We were waiting until she arrived Nota: Las oraciones temporales siguen la regla de la secuencia de tiempos. Esta consiste en que cuando el verbo de la oración principal está en presente o futuro, el verbo de la subordinada está en presente (caso de los ejemplos de when, as o as soon as). Cuando el verbo de la oración principal está en pasado, el verbo de la subordinada también está en alguna de las formas de pasado.

- INGLES II

Of contraste.- The links that introduce this type of concessive sentences they are as follows.

Although / even though / though = aunque In spite of / Despite = a pesar de La diferencia entre ambos nexos es que los primeros van seguidos de una oración (con sujeto y verbo) y los segundos van seguidos de nombre o un verbo sustantivado (en – ing).

ALTHOUGH / EVEN THOUGH / THOUGH + CLAUSE Although he didn’t have money, he bought the most expensive car.

IN SPITE OF / DESPITE + NOUN / -ING FORM In spite of not having money, he bought the most expensive car.

Despite the rain, we went out for a walk.

Nota: Podemos también usar in spite of the fact / despite the fact (that) + clause u oración = a pesar del hecho de que: In spite of the fact that it was raining, we went out for a walk.

While y whereas = mientras que - He is lively and easygoing whereas his sister is rather shy But = pero However, nevertheless, yet = no - She didn’t want to have more children. obstante, sin embargo, aún así, However, she might change her mind.. de todos modos - Joshua felt ill, yet he went to work.

Nota: Tanto however como nevertheless suelen ir detrás de pausa fuerte (punto o punto y coma) y seguidos de coma.

- INGLES II

1-Choose the correct words in the following text.

(NOT SO) MERRY-GO-ROUND!

The customers at the funfair were leaving (and/but) the lights were going out. The last two people on dodgem cars paid (and/so) left. The big wheel stopped (for/and) the merry-goround stopped (as well/not only). The stalls closed down (so/and) the stall-owners went home. At 2 a.m. four nightwatchmen walked round the funfair, (but/so) there was no one to be seen. "I'm fed up walking round," one of them said, ("yet/what) what can we do?" "We can (or/either) play cards (either/or) sit and talk." They were bored, (so/for) there was nothing to do on this quiet warm night. "We can have a ride on the merry-go-round!" one of them cried. "That'll be fun!" Three of them jumped on merry-go-round horses (yet/and) the fourth started the motor. Then he jumped on too (and/but) round they went. They were having the time of their lives, (but/so) suddenly realized there was no one to stop the machine. They weren't rescued till morning (and/but) by then they felt very sick indeed!

2-Match the sentences in A) and B) and write a single sentence with them using the words given in brackets.

A

B

1. I took my raincoat and umbrella ...

a. ... because we want to save money for a new car.

2. I still won't be able to get to a meeting at 8.30 ...

b. ... and so she called in on her sister.

3. The team is likely to do well this season ...

c. ... as the weather forecast was so bad.

4. The building work is still on schedule ...

d. ... despite a problem in digging the foundations.

5. We've decided not to go on holiday this year ...

e. ... but we really enjoyed visiting the Alhambra when

6. The council have planted trees at the side of the road ...

we were in Spain.

7. The parcel had been delayed ...

f. ... because Davies is its captain.

8. We've put a table and chair in the spare bedroom ...

g. ... because they had recently been a strike by postal

9. She didn't have to be at work until 10.00 that morning...

workers. h. ... in an attempt to reduce traffic noise.

10. We had to queue for two hours ... i. ... whether or not I catch an earlier train. j. ... to give Dave somewhere private to study before his exams.

- INGLES II

1. (seeing that)

6. (so as to)

2. (even if)

7. (due to)

3. (with)

8. (in order that)

4. (even though)

9. (since)

5. (in order to)

10. (in spite of) .

3- Complete the sentences using due to or owing to.

1. Her death was ... natural causes.

2. The crash was most likely ... a mechanical failure.

3. We din't receive your letter ... the postal strike.

4. The high price of vegetables is ... the dry weather.

5. He was unable to compete in the match... an ankle injury.

4. Rewrite the sentences using the words given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

0. Sue went shopping so she could buy herself a new television. Sue a new television. (to) 1. You use this to open wine bottles.This wine botles. (for) 2. I put the food in the fridge because I wanted it to get cold. I put the food in the fridge cold. (would) 3. Harry left early because he didn't want to miss the bus. Harry to miss the bus. (as) 4. I saved up some money to buy a motorbike. I saved up some money a motorbike. (could) 5. Jane gave up smoking because she wanted to save money. Jane gave up smoking money. (order) 6. I came here so that I could see you. I you. (to)

- INGLES II 7. Use this money to buy the tickets. This tickets. (buying) 8. I picked up the vase carefully, so as not to break it. I picked up the vase carefully break. (that) 9. We put up a fence to prevent the rabbit escaping. We put up a fence escape. (couldn't

5-Expressions with keep 1. Shut the door and keep the dogs ___ of the house.

5. You will succeed if you keep ___ doing it well.

a. away

a. in

b. off

b. with

c. out

c. on

2. Try to keep the children ___ from the fire.

They may get burn.

6. He never let us down, for he always kept ___ his promises.

a. away

a. at

b. out

b. to

c. off

c. back

3. She always reads the paper and watches TV to keep ___ with

7. Bob is trying hard to keep ___ with the rest of his class.

the latest news.

a. up

a. up

b. on

b. in

c. in

c. at

8. We should advise children to keep ___ drugs.

4. If he doesn't keep ___ the expenses, he'll go bankrupt.

a. out

a. off

b. off

b. in

c. away

c. down

- INGLES II 9. She couldn't keep the secret ___ from her parents.

a. out b. off

a. out c. away b. away 11.If you keep ___ your work, you'll like it. c. back a. in 10.Look! The sign says: "Keep ___ the grass".

b. with c. at

- INGLES II

Solution Activity 1       

And And And as well and but yet

      

either or for and and but and

Solution Activity 2  (seeing that) (1. c) Seeing That The Weather Forecast Was So Bad, I Took My Raincoat And An Umbrella.  (even if) (2. i) I still won't be able to get to a meeting at 8.30 even if I catch an earlier train.  (with) (3. f) With Davies as its captain, the team is likely to do well this season.  (even though) ( 4. d) The building work is still on schedule even though there was a problem in digging the foundations.  (in order to) (5. a) We've decided not to go on holday this year in order to save money for a new car.  (so as to) (6. h) The council have planted trees at the side of the road so as to reduce traffic noise  (due to) (7. g) The parcel had been delayed due to a recent strike by postal workers.  (in order that)( 8. j) We've put a table and a chair in the spare bedroom in order

Solution Activity 3 1. Her death was due to natural causes.

2. The crash was most likely due to a mechanical failure.

3. We din't receive your letter due to the postal strike.

4. The high price of vegetables is due to the dry weather.

5. He was unable to compete in the match owing to an ankle injury

- INGLES II

Solution Activity 4 0. went shopping to buy herself 1. is (used) for opening 2. so (that) it would get 3. left early so as not 4. so (taht) I could buy 5. in order to save 6. came here to see 7. money is for buying the 8. so that it wouldn't 9. so (that) the rabbit couldn't Solution Activity 5            

Shut the door and keep the dogs _ out __ of the house.

Try to keep the children _ away __ from the fire. They may get burn.

She always reads the paper and watches TV to keep _ up __ with the latest news.

If he doesn't keep _ down __ the expenses, he'll go bankrupt.

You will succeed if you keep _ on __ doing it well.

He never let us down, for he always kept _ back __ his promises.

Bob is trying hard to keep _ up __ with the rest of his class.

We should advise children to keep _ off __ drugs.

She couldn't keep the secret _ back __ from her parents.

10.Look! The sign says: "Keep _ off __ the grass".

11.If you keep _ at __ your work, you'll like it.