還看啟示錄 by Ming Dao Press

Ᏺ፣ J/!ంҰᓃ‫ޟ‬հ‫ޱ‬ȃР෈ȃ᠞‫ޱ‬ Ժዴᐯ߰ሮԢుӯᔂ‫ࠧڭ‬୉ԩ຾֯Ȃ֯߰Ϙ༟‫ܕ‬බ֋ᇍ࣏ॗ ᒰȄ࣏֭৹Ϙৎॗᒰȉ࣏֘ؕщߞ‫ۊ‬Єॗᒰȉ࣏ᇊપȞ J. M. Fordȟ Դ Anchor Bible Commentary ‫ݙ‬యเߞࣉࣾॗᒰȉᘘ࣏୺Ҟॗᒰȉ ϫ‫࣏ࣙݕ‬ৎЙऎϠߢߞॗᒰȉࢢง௄ရిཇ೚‫ݚ‬ሮుӯᔂߞ֯߰ බ࣏֘ؕщߞ‫ۊ‬ЄॗᒰȂ๒փȂഺሲ‫࣏ޱ‬Դ՘੩ࢢ൵ьҗৎѵ॔Ж ҍ಩Ȃ൵՝ߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠҞକ࣏гЮϟѵ॔Кၧ֌ӐၧߞઆႽ߰๘෻Ϛ Ȟ Justin Martyr ȟ ۶ ྑ ԇ ૸ Ȟ Irenaeus ȇ ண Dial.81.4 ȇ Adv. Haer. 4.20.11ȟȄ Դ ഺ ࣱ ੡ ง Ȃ ‫ ڹ‬ਵ ߞ ‫ ڍ‬ᝋ ᅆ ‫ ి ܟ‬ћ ឥ ࣏ ᗝ ‫ ږ‬ቅ দ ߞ Ȃ ԯ ऎ‫ڹ‬ਵߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋ࣏ٙ‫ܠ‬ႍћឥ࣏‫ۍ׎‬գӒ‫ߞۏ‬Գ֜Ȅ ుӯᔂ֯߰Ղ֣ፁ‫֋ܠ‬Ўȉҁ֋ᇍ࣏௄ရߞ ჊ΡघᑱȞϘ 2ȟȂ փ௄ရߞᄉϠ‫׈‬ੲᑂ௄ရᚣ຾ч‫ݙڹ‬ཇᗾߞࠫਿ֯‫ڍ‬ᝋȄ෱‫ڏ‬НȂ ॗᒰ֋ᇍऎ‫ڍ‬ಳ໪߰ሃ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠȄ ჊ΡϘໟӒ԰ᕕ᚞ॗߞԐߢћᢜȃ ࠲ᜲ຾֯ຈȂ‫ݙ‬ѽుӯᔂ֯߰֋ᇍऎԐߢȄҁԴϟϩϟൢ 9 ြ౻྾ ‫֋د‬ЎԕϢԐߢညКȂҁԴթ੩ߞ‫ێ‬ҁԳўȞ‫ڼ‬Ղుϩൢȟϵ࣏ഺ ዹ֋ᇍȄᚎ‫ڏ‬НȂ࣏֯߰Ԑ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰȂҁ‫ڍ‬ᝋሃࢆᗾჰ‫ڏ‬Ȅҁٟգፁ ሮ࣏‫ڹ‬ਵȂϵٟգ֋ᇍऎѹ‫ࠝߞྑݙ‬ਵ‫ࠜݕ‬ցȞணॗϟሃॗϬȟȄ ည௟ుӯᔂߞॗᒰȂሃॗᒰᇊর۶ॗᒰ੩ࠫКߞॗᒰ‫ڭ‬ԕ୅ ᎢȂᎡ࣏ుӯᔂߞॗᒰࡋᢏఀ‫ـ‬Ґ᎑ᛔȄॗᒰᇊরሃॗᒰ੩ٟࠫգ ൘গ֯߰ߞԩՄȂ๒փుӯᔂሲ‫࣏߰֯ށ‬Ԑ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰȂ‫ا‬েӅ༷ւዋ ഺ‫ڱ‬પઅ၃ћȂ་Ϙَႋٙ֯߰ߞயᛟȄ ੲ ᑂ ॗ ᒰ ᇊ র ȃ ॗ ᒰ ੩ ࠫ Ȟ Ғ ࣁ ॗ ᒰ Ϙ ȃ ϟ ȃ Ϭ ੩ ȟȃ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞሬ‫ڏ‬ᐯु‫ٿ‬ȂഺУԊћឥߞ֯߰Й࣏ԢϘৎϠȄԴгЮϬѵ॔К

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ၧȂ‫ڲ‬ᑢЋщߞ‫ٲ‬Һ৒ȞDionysius of Alexandriaȇྑԇ૸ඈᡌєӡ ҁߞѹ௺ȟ՝Џަྍۖഺ‫ڱ‬ਮಳȄЂॗԴϘৎѵ॔НࡈȂࣤᆬ෻Ȟ R. H. Charlesȟԕҍቲႎ೟ߞሬ‫ڏ‬ᐯᝋᑂȂԴթ෩ҍϘ‫ڱ‬ঋᙇȈ 1 Ϙȃుӯᔂх࣍֯߰‫ۖۦ‬୯౉ሬ዆ᠩȞҁѽ୯౉ሬࢥւȂᆽϧ ௟ ‫ ៌ ߞ ྐ ݙ‬՘ ؓ ᜷ ћ ȟȄ ഺ ࣏ ԯ ऎ ֯ ߰ ࢷ ຾ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ‫ ݑ‬Ꮃ Ȟ‫ࢷ׈‬࿰๘щుӯћᐯߞཇ೚ȟȂࣇྍ‫د‬ҹҟሬмȞ‫׈‬ȶ୯ ౉ ሬ м ȷȦ SemitizingȧȟȄ 2 ഺ ࢙ ៉ ࣏ գ Ҟ କ ߞ Ȃ ๒ փ Й ‫ږ‬ ѽႋ៖ుӯᔂሃ‫ێ‬ҁॗᒰ຾֯Դћ‫ ޱ‬೫ᅚϯߞਮಳȄ 3 ϟ ȃ Դ ు ӯ ᔂ К Ȃ త ຾ axios Ȟ ୨ ఀ ȟ Ϙ Մ ߞ ࣏ Й ‫ ܠ‬ໟ ȞinfinitiveȟȂփԴॗᒰᇊরКࡒ࣏ hinaȞᚣթʝԯթȟȄ Ϭ ȃ Դ ॗ ᒰ ᇊ র К Ȃ mn գ ϩ Ϙ ը ѽ ж ໟ ‫ ؛‬Ց ҍ ಩ Ȃ ѷ၃ ௱ ࣏ ທᅆ‫ݙ‬գ੾Ȟthe genitive absoluteȟȂ֭ుӯᔂٟ֯߰գഺ ዹӡჅȄ ұȃညࢽԨहԢ࿄݇੡Ȃుӯᔂ၃௱ళӡሃॗᒰᇊরЙԢߞՄ ೀȂ‫ڼ‬Ղుӯᔂళӡ arnion ࢽଁտգϟϩϝըȂॗᒰᇊর ࡒ؆ԑٟգళӡഺՄȂփӡϞ amnosȞ‫ی‬ըȟȄ УȃԴుӯᔂȂॠႮዩֽߞ֚‫ ࣏ޱ‬IerosalemȂփԴॗᒰᇊরࡋ ࣏ IerosolumaȄ бȃుӯᔂӡϞ idou ྏᄛໟգϟϩбըȂॗᒰᇊরࡒӡ ideȄ ుӯᔂ੡௱ӡ kaleo ‫ࢽڽ‬Ҩ֯‫ݕ‬ԩҨȂփॗᒰᇊরࡋ௱ӡ

1 2 3

R. H. Charles, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Revelation of St. John, vol. 1 (Edinburgh: T+T Clark, 1920), xxii ff. ๒փᕕணऻᔌࢢж‫ޘ‬Ȅഺ஄നЙЂҞକȂԯऎ֯߰ѽֱؓ‫ڽ‬᚞ॗၐ၃֯ऎѹ ঋߞҳ‫ڽ‬Ⴄਫ਼Ȃഺ࣏࢝֋๒Ԫನߞ‫ڰ‬Ȅ х ᅆ ‫ ݙ‬ᓜ ୯ ౉ ؓ ᜷ ሬȞ Semitic Greekȟሃ ၐ ၃ ؓ ֱ ‫ ڽ‬ሬȞ biblical Hebrewȟ࣏ ॗᒰߞӓሬȂᝒ՘ҁሮᝊѐங෻‫᠋ڲߞ܃‬ሬ‫ݕ‬Ҟକ࣏ࢢงߞȞռӯੋՑ Ȧ Mishnaic-styleȧȟؓ ֱ ‫ ڽ‬ሬ ߞ Ꭲ ᑂȂண G. Horsley et al., eds., New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity, vol. 5 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981), 5-35, э ண ঱ 34-35Ȅ ഺ ‫ ڱ‬Ꭲ ᑂ ѹ ঋ ࣏ х ᅆ S. Thompson: The Apocalypse and Semitic Syntax (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)ᅆ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ႋ ៖ ў ‫ ޱ‬Ȅ

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legoȞѧႵుϩб 16ȇॗϩϝ 13ȟȄ ϛȃ‫ـ‬єϠަྍߞ࣏Ȃഺ‫ڱ‬ћឥߞ֯߰ ళӡहԢћՄҝࠑႿࠧ ௱ЙԢߞ‫ߏڰ‬Ȅ‫ڼ‬ՂԴుӯᔂȂalethinos ྍࢥ࣏ૌᅁߞȂ ሃໍ஄ߞहᅆȇԴॗᒰᇊরКȂҹߞྍࢥ࣏Ҟࠫߞ‫ݕ‬ૌӒ ߞȄ ϣȃԴుӯᔂȂethnos/ethne ྍࢽҳ‫ڣ‬Ϡ‫ݕ‬ԕ஼ȂԴॗᒰᇊরࡒ પ‫ۖࢽ־‬๘щϠȞॗϩϘ 48ȃ50ʂ53Ȃϩ ϣ 35ȂԒУըȟȄ ϝȃԴుӯᔂȂkosmos ྍࢽ‫ۦ‬ൄߞѵधȂԴॗᒰᇊরࡒࢽϠ᝷ ѵधȄ ϩȃԴుӯᔂȂlaos ྍࢽҳ‫ڣ‬Ϡ‫ݕ‬௄ရਵȂԴॗᒰᇊরࡒࢽ๘ щϠȞϵധգϘ഍‫ڼ‬ҳȟȄ ϩϘȃԴుӯᔂȂॶ proskunein ࣏༡త‫੾ۦ‬ȞdativeȟȂྍࢽྰ ࢵ ȇ ॶ ࣏ ߡ త ‫ ੾ ۦ‬Ȟ accusativeȟȂ ࡋ ࢽ ප ௣ ʝ ֊ ‫ އ‬ȇ փ ॗ ᒰᇊরߞӡ‫ৣޱ‬ՀहхȄ ѽϯӡՄߞਮಳ‫ށ‬ᢖఀҍϘৎຕᎢȈుӯᔂȞ൵ࢢ՘੩ȟߞ֯ ߰Й࣏ॗᒰᇊর۶ॗᒰ੩ࠫȞഺ ‫ۡی‬੩ߞӡՄ۶ћ‫ޱ‬ൌह֬ȟߞ֯ ߰ȄЙჅȂԩໟ logos ཈ԴॗᒰᇊরሃుӯᔂКᕕӡԴ௄ရ‫ڗ‬ϯȂ փుӯᔂ۶ॗᒰᇊরϵգहԢӡՄሃӡ‫ޱ‬ȞѧႵుϟ 2 ሃॗϩб 2ȇ ుϟϩ 6 ሃॗϩϬ 8ȇుϟϩϟ 15 ሃॗϬ 21ȇుϟϩϟ 17 ሃॗϛ 37ȟȄ ๒ փ Ȃ ய ᛟ ࣏ Ղ ֣ ႋ ៖ ॗ ᒰ ᇊ র ሃ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ಳ Ԣ ȉ ল ੾ ‫ ۽‬๒ ྻുᆙᚼᢏȂ֭ທЙҞକ؆ԑ‫ؼ‬ᢏჅ‫ڽ‬Ȅԓ߰Ȃॗᒰᇊরѽ౺ᢖ‫ݽ‬ ᕖߞ഼ӡؓ᜷ ћ኷՘Ȃփుӯᔂࡋ ࿂‫ێ‬᎑ᛔȂ ௱࣏ дࠜߞ႖Ȃ 4 ‫ڼ‬ Ղ ు ӯ ᔂ ႆ Ӏ ‫ ُ ׮‬ϣ ৎ Մ Ȃ බ գ Ϙ ৎ Մ Դ ၐ ၃ Ҫ ҍ ಩ Ϙ ը Ȟ hapax

գ ᝯ ୅ Ꭲ Ȃ ண S. E. Porter, "The Language of the Apocalypse in Recent Discussion," NTS 35 (1989): 582-603Ȅ ֌ ‫ ݺ‬ॗ ᒰ ࣏ ‫ ࢷ ྍ ࣇ ׎‬ৎ Ϡ ল ੾ փ Ⴛ ӡ ؓ ᜷ ሬ Ȃ ‫ ࣏ ݕ‬ҁ ᚣ թ ‫ ڽ‬х ᅆ ѹ ࣹ ћ м Ȃ ண A. D. Callahan, "The Language of the Apocalypse," HTR 88 (1995): 453-70Ȅ

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ᘘऻుӯᔂ

legomenonȟȂգ‫ڱ‬ӡՄҞࢷഺ‫ۡی‬੩ߞЙԢѹᛟ‫ڽ‬ႋ៖Ȃ๒փЙ࣏ ԑൊൌ Ҟѽഺዹ இȄ 5 ᇢ‫ڏ‬НȂഺ аᝋ௻ધњࢺ ుӯᔂߞٟ֯߰գ ኷ॗᒰᇊর۶ॗᒰ੩ࠫȂ࣏֭ȂుӯᔂߞԐ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰȞ‫ݕ‬ҁ‫ߤ៳ݙ‬၏ȟ ሃ‫ێ‬᏶ॗᒰћ༰ߞ֯߰Ȟ‫ݕ‬ҁে‫ߤ៳ݙ‬၏ȟࡒգࣙᇌᝯ࠼Ȅ ‫ا‬ሮऎుӯᔂߞԐ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰ࣏ৎԐߢȂҁ ‫֋ڽ‬ॗᒰߤ၏Ȃ‫ڤ‬੡৏ ࣏ٟգ‫ڹ‬ਵߞȞணుϟϩϟ 14Ȃႍ഍၃ћሮऎ‫ڹ‬ਵ࣏ిྻߞੲ௄ȟȄ ஄ॶుӯᔂߞॗᒰ࣏֘ؕщߞ‫ۊ‬Єॗᒰබྻ࿂‫ݎێ‬ಳȂԴుӯᔂ КȂٟ֯߰գ‫ݚ‬ሮ֋Ў࣏‫ڹ‬ਵ‫ݼ ࣏ݕ‬џႬᔌॠᒘߞࠝਵȞ‫ڗ‬жᝋ‫ށ‬ ࣏ দ ঋ ߞ Ȃ କ ᕒ ׄ ֯ ߰ Դ ᡝ ߰ ည К ࢙ Ӳ ৎ Ϡ ᡋ ࢃ ሃ ᝯ ࠼ ȟȂ ϵ ٟ գ Ⴌॗᒰ੩ࠫϘଠȂፁሮ֋Ў࣏ߝՂȄ‫ێ‬ᅁȂॗᒰԴుӯᔂٟգऎ֋ Ў࢙ӲৎϠᡋࢃȂҁߞಳ໪࣏ంॠᒘփ‫ߞڽ‬ȂᆕգᡋࢃȂԯऎҁ࣏ ॠᒘߞ҃‫ڏ‬ϠȂϵх࣍ϞҁգԐߢߞᡋࢃȄ ੲᑂᐯ߰ߞु‫ٿ‬Ȃుӯᔂߞ኷֯џงѹঋգ‫ی‬ৎҞକȈබ࣏Դ Һ ု ೚ ޼ ߞ ࢢ ง Ȟ ‫ ݕ‬Դ ҁ ԇ ࢢ Й ϳ ‫ ౎ ـ ݕ‬ȟȂ ‫ ݕ‬Դ Ժ ռ ӣ ߞ ೚ ޼ ง ༡Ȅ њࢺ Һုߞನᑂգ‫ ێ‬ᔹᙇȂ֭Ӆ༷ ࢺӀ ԳւዋȄ 6 ᜲ୺༟‫ܕ‬գ ೡᚐԳჀঝ௄ရਵ࣏ԴҺု੡งȂॗгЮ 64 ՐߞЂѫ‫ڰ‬ԆКȄ7 ు ӯᔂК෩фЙь௄ရਵবᅆჀঝሃ‫ߞॴۦ‬ఐ޶Ȃ‫ށ‬ᢖ࣏ႬԴгЮб ϩՐ҃Кง๴Ӡߞ‫ڰ‬ఐգᝯȂϵӒх࣍ሃᜲ୺ࣆܹᅆӲߞᅗ࢘Ȟѧ Ⴕుϟ 3ȃ10ȃ13ȂϬ 8Ȃб 9ʂ11ȂϩϬ 1 ୓Ȃϩϛ 1 ୓ȟȄ๒փ Ӆ༷‫ୃٯ‬ȂుӯᔂЙ࣏኷ຜ֝Դᜲ୺ߞϠȂփѷٟգ౻෽ᝋᑂҞ‫ڍ‬ ည੡ߞჀঝЙ཈ন‫୺ᜲݺ‬Ȅ‫ݙ‬ѽȂ‫ا‬েঋ઻ѕည੡ߞߤྻᖖᄩᅆ‫ڲ‬ ೟‫ߞྻిڲ‬዆ᠩȄ 8

5 6 7 8

ѽుӯᔂЂ༓єӡ᚞ॗ‫ࣇۏ‬Ȃѽф۲ᕕ᚞ॗ၃ћ‫ڽ‬ႋ៖ഺ಩໪࣏Й‫ږ‬௉Ȅ ண J. C. Wilson, "The Problem with the Domitianic Date of Revelation," NTS 39 (1993): 587-605Ȅ ண Ben Witherington III, New Testament History (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), 333-55Ȅ ᝯ ‫ ݺ‬ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ၃ ћ ഍ ᄩ Ȃ ண D. Aune, Revelation, vols. 3 (Dallas: Word, 1997; Nashville: Nelso, 1998), cliv-clix ۶ ԧ Ђ ࣱ ၢ ༟ ‫ ܕ‬੡ ߞ ᚙ ៌ ൊ жȄ಩ Յ ߞ ు ӯ

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ϭԕаᝋњࢺుӯᔂߞ຾੩џง࣏ԴϘѵ॔ӐၧȈ Ϙ ȃ ు ӯ ᔂ х ࣍ ҍ ֯ ߰ ሮ ᝊ ࠲ ᜲ ߞ ຾ ֯ Ȟ ֌ ь Ϙ ൊ ж ȟȂ પ ‫־‬ ࣏੩ࠫȄ ϟȃॗᒰሮᝊᑢҫϯॠᒘߞ‫ڏ‬ᎢȄ‫ݙ‬ѽ᝱ѽᝒԢుӯᔂ࣏኷‫ݺ‬ гЮ 69 ֌ 70 ՐȂԯ‫ڤ‬੡ұᇊর࣏ӏ՘੩ߞȄ Ϭȃుӯᔂ౻྾ࢽ‫୺ᜲށ‬බ࣏ѐѧ৖Ȃԯթ຾੩џง࣏Դ෩Ժ ᅨ࿑ॠႮዩֽНࢢႵऎԪನȄҐϯ֯߰෡গॠႮዩֽՀᄊ ജ࿑ߞ‫ݙ‬Ժᆳ۶࠻ዝ‫ݛ‬Ȃ‫ږـ‬ѽᝋ‫ށ‬ഺᙇȄ 9 ұȃॗᒰߞ኷֯ᅆ໪Ȟ‫ڲ‬೟‫ྻిڲ‬ȟᏎჃߞఐ޶Ȃх࣍ഺఐ޶ ЏգϘࣱࠜ੡งȂ‫ږ‬ѽ҄ҁেᏎ‫ۦ‬ԧᇌႏ࿯ȃᢏြȂѽф ҵҝጤ‫آ‬Ȅ Уȃٟգ‫ڹ‬ਵȂࡒҍ಩ϞգକϧߞԐߢȞҒࣁॗᒰሃҁ᠔യߞ ஄ Ԑ ߢ ȟȂ х ࣍ г Ю Ϙ ѵ ॔ Ӑ ၧ ‫ ڹ‬ਵ ᛓ ѵ Н ࢢ ߞ ఐ ޶ Ȟ ѧ ႵȮϩϟ‫ڹ‬ਵᓷ୊ȯȦthe DidacheȧȟȄ бȃေߏरӀຈߞᎢᎠȂ‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵߞླӯȂѽфҹᅆ௄ရਵߞ ࢃ଎Ȃഺൌᝋ‫ށ‬຾੩џง‫ܠ‬ԴԺռӣ੡งȂѧ‫ܠ‬ԴҺု੡ ง‫ـ‬ҐԪನȄ ϛȃ௄ရᎢ—— ѽ௄ရ‫ڽ‬Ӏᓊ‫ז‬ѳߞᡋࢃ۶௣ࢵȂ൵କ೑Ԫࢢ Һု੡งߞఐ޶ȂԯऎԴ࠲ᜲ੡งٟգҍ಩ഺৎயᛟȄ ԯթȂుӯᔂߞ຾੩џง‫ܠ‬ԴԺռӣ੡งȂѧ‫ܠ‬ԴҺု੡ง‫ݕ‬ ҁժࢢЙϳྻ‫ـ‬ԪನȄ ๒փȂԺռӣ೚޼ᜲ୺੡ߞఐ޶࣏ࢨዹߞȉྲॗᐯ߰ȞՂࠠ዇

ᔂ ؓ ᜷ ћ ‫ ب‬ӎ Ժ Ⴥ 287 Ԋ Ȃ ҹ ে ‫ ֋ ڽ‬Й Ԣ ѵ ॔ Ȃ գ ߞ ࣏ ร ፔ Ȃ գ ߞ ࣏ ԑ ੩ Ȃ ܶ Հ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ၃ ћ ໹ Ⴥ җ ዴ ٟ գ ಳ ћȞ variantȟȄߡ ֌ ൵ ࠕ Ҫ ๴ ಩ ‫ ی‬Ԋ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ՝ ง ል ନ ћ ឥȂႵ ՝ งȞ Ϭ ֌ ұ ѵ ॔ ȟߞ ᝋ ᑂ ‫ ݺ ڍ‬p115Ȃண D. C. Parker, "A New Oxyrhnchus Papyrus: p115 (P. Oxy. 4499)," NTS 46 (2000): 159-74Ȅ Դ г Ю 64 Ր Ђ ѫ Н ࢢ ۶ 70 Ր Н ࡈ ϵ ᇖ Ԫ ನ Ȃ ԯ ੡ ‫ ڤ‬੡ ௄ ရ ਵ Ꮞ Ⴠ ঝ Ȃ ݃ ఀ ࡈ੩Ҟକх࣍ഺ०฀Ȅ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

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‫ޒࣟݛ‬෻ȦA. Yarbro Collinsȧȃ฼෼ฑȦL. Thompsonȧȟ७ϧऎԺ ռӣጏ౻Ȃሮऎҁ‫ࠧڭ‬Ղࢢงᜲ୺ᑢҫᐯਛ‫ݙ‬෡গߞᆺ‫ٳ‬ዷ‫ז‬Ȃ‫ێ‬ ᅁȂӤҁ༮‫ׅ‬੡ง༟‫ܕ‬Ȃᜲ୺ᑢҫᐯਛබჅж‫ݠ‬གԺռӣȄ๒փȂ ѹ௺ԺռӣٟգჀঝ௄ရਵߞನӤє୓࢝ទদߞயᛟȂ฼෼ฑබ൵ ԑবԳ๴ࠑഺᇌѹ௺Ȃϭћ‫ا‬েঋᓊ༓ҁߞऻ‫ޱ‬Ȅ ೐ϘȂ฼෼ฑхᅆߞЙ཈࣏൵দঋߞ೐ϘјᑢҫႤਫ਼Ȟ཰֘ᄦ Ȧ Tacitusȧȃែ਄՛ҺȦSuetoniusȧȃҙ৒෻ȦDio CassiusȧȟȂҁϵ хᅆԺዴ಩҃ᜲ୺ᑢҫᐯਛᅆԺռӣߞໞᎢȄ฼෼ฑߢႽഺ‫ڱ‬գᡋ ࢃߞႤਫ਼‫د‬Ժռӣ෡ᜱఀ࢝‫ڢ‬෋ȂȶਮЙԺЙ઻᏶ԳȄែ਄՛ҺȞҁ ߞ Ⴄ ਫ਼ ൵ ᚳ න ȟ ࢽ ҍ Ժ ռ ӣ ༟ ‫ ܕ‬೚ ޼ ੡ Ȃ ࣏ Ⱥ ኵ Ђ ۶ ֋ ‫ ۘ ֹ ا‬ȻȂ ๒ փ ഺ ‫ ૵ ڱ‬Ꮃ ‫ ڭ‬Й ࠜ ϳ Ȃ ҁ ঵ Ԑ ᢏ ఀ ร ዷ Ȃ ࢢ ‫ ـ ڽ‬ല ௏ ȷȞ Dom. 10.11ȟȄ 10 փҙ৒෻ߞ෡গ‫ـ‬Ґኖਚ Ȅ฼෼ฑऎϞฆԺ ռӣӀхȂ ᚼ ݀ ु ‫ ٿ‬Ժ ռ ӣ Ԣ ง ߞ Ⴄ ਫ਼ Ȃ Ղ ୺ ෩ ༮ ᆬ Ȟ Martial ȟȃ ҫ ઍ ෻ ȞStatiusȟȃ‫ݿ‬෩‫׀‬ՉȞQuintilianȟȄ๒փȂҁে‫ڭ‬Йњࢺ฼෼ฑߞ ನᎢȄ‫ڹ׈‬գ‫߰֯ڱ‬ᅆԺռӣգӒবໞᎢȂ֭ѹঋ࣏Դক‫ڰ‬ўবȞண ‫ݿ‬෩‫׀‬Չߞ Inst. Or. 10.1.9.1ȟȄЙჅȂԺռӣᅁቫϯٟգщԺ՘ґ ߞক‫ڰ‬༟๴ȂҞ‫ڍ‬գ‫ڱ‬ໞᎢ࣏๑ྍ၍ߞȂӫߞ࣏‫߰֯ڹ‬କា᠈ఀۖ ‫ז‬ѳ᛿ྑȄԴԺռӣ೚޼ຕ‫ف‬੡Ȃ‫ݿ‬෩‫׀‬Չሃែ਄՛ҺൌᏫࠕ‫ז‬ѳȄ ᐐᇒ฼෼ฑߢႽ୺෩༮ᆬȞԴ Epigrams, Book 5ȟሃҫઍ෻ȞԴ Silv. 1.6.84ȟ ‫ ׮‬෩ ф Ժ ռ ӣ ᇍ ऎ ѹ Ȟ dominusȟȂ ֭ ࣏ ҁ Ъ ᠜ ᇍ Ժ ռ ӣԴ೚޼ง༡ٟգᇍऎѹ۶ૠȞdominus et deusȟȄᜲ୺ᑢҫᐯਛ੾ ‫ࠆڧ‬ȞM. GriffinȟߞໞᎢሃ฼෼ฑߞຕᎢգᘿ‫ށ‬ᅆѧȂ੾‫ࠆڧ‬ᅆգ ᝯᝋᑂգѽϭໞ֤Ȉ ൵ ᢖ ຾ ஐ ᛓ Ю ց ୰ ನ ྐ ߞ ‫ ێ‬К Ϙ ֜ ȶ ታ ഞ ȷȞ princepsȟȂ බ ࣏ Ժ ռ ӣȂҁ ᄁ ᔽ Ϡ ѽȶ ѹ ۶ ૠ ȷഺ ᇍ ۲ ‫ ݚ ܇ ڽ‬ҁ Ȍ Ȍ ய ᛟ Դ ‫ݺ‬

10 L. Thompson, The Book of Revelation: Apocalypse and Empire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 97.

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ഺ ታ ഞ ‫ ۦ‬Ϡ ᇍ ۲ ߞ ў ՑȂЙ ཈ ࣏ Ͼ ᔝ ϯȂ‫ ـ‬Դ ੩ ব ϯ Ȍ Ȍ Ժ ռ ӣ ѹ ஜ ‫ ݸ‬ౢȶ Ꮀ ‫ ށ‬ȷ‫ ז‬ѳ ߞ இ ‫ޱ‬ȇՀ ‫ ז‬ѳ ྻ ‫ ݡ ྍ ے‬ທȶ ѹ ȷߞ ᇍ ۲ȂԺ ռ ӣ х փ ௟ ֋ Ў ሃ Ґ ‫ ׀‬ҟ ‫ ڭ ݛ‬ԕȄҁ ‫د‬ȶ ૠ ȷՄ Ґ Դ ȶ ѹ ȷՄ ࢢ বȂ҄ ഺ ᇍ ۲ ᢏ ఀ ‫ ࡂ ـ‬Ӛ Ϡ Ȍ Ȍ Ժ ռ ӣ ௟ȶ ѹ ȷഺ ᇍ۲ӡ‫֋ݺ‬Ў‫ڗ‬ϯȂԓҐϯȶૠȷՄȂ‫ڭ‬ᄁᔽϠഺዹᇍ۲ҁȂ Ґ ϯ ҁ ᢖ ๒ ྐ ࠑ ಩ ֋ Ў ࣏ Ϙ ֜ ȶ ѹ ȷȂ ᐱ ७ ዙ ࢬ Н ᗏ ୞ ᠩ ‫ ݺ‬ҟ ҃ ߞ ћ ឥ Ȅ 11!

੾‫ࠆڧ‬ႎԕԺռӣߞዷ֖Ȟપ‫־‬Դҁ೚޼ߞ౎งȟНࢢȂ‫ـ‬௻ ᎠȈȶԺռӣߞ೚޼પ࣏֒ҁ࣊഍‫ ڰ‬ЙညȂϫ૿ѻ ᝯ ަҦ‫ޱ‬۶ᇊ ‫׀‬Ȃ ࣏ৎ‫י‬Ѩِಷߞேࣆ߰Ȅȷ12 Ժռӣሮऎঋࢭ෇᚞ླྀҟ෻Ϛ‫ࢠޱ‬Ȟthe old Augustinian lawsȟ‫ڽ‬഍ನЙညߞ‫֖ݑ‬ऎȞપ‫࣏־‬Ԣ‫ݑ‬᡽ȟȂ࠲Յ ཇ೚࢓஼‫ిܟ‬ȄԯթȂԺռӣЯധჀঝ௄ရਵȂփ௄ရਵԯऎ‫ݡ‬ທ ප௣ᜲ୺ߞૠे‫࢓ݕ‬ѳȂփജሮ‫࣏ܠ‬๑ૠᎢ߰ȄԺռӣੜ‫ޱ‬ҁѭᓐ ᇯ෻ܳԐȂា᠈Ԩ๘щϠ௻ۘወກѾຜզؕપૠ዁ȂփࠧѾຜЏଣ ኿ߞॠႮዩֽၐ࿒Ȅഺᇌۘ࢘ԴԺռӣјКᢏఀ‫ـ‬Ґ෋ԚȂҁেᜃ ᆷୟກ࣏߰๘щϠ੡Ȃබঋᕭࣤୟກ߰գ‫ۦ׎‬൷ᚃȞែ਄՛Һฅӫ ᕝഺᇌ‫ڰ‬ఐȇ Dom. 12.2ȟȄ ԺռӣჀਚ௄ရਵߞᝋᑂፁᣩȂ‫୵ׁڹ׈‬ుӯᔂߞᝋᑂȂంг Юϟѵ॔ߞћឥϵգୃႶȂ‫ڼ‬ՂԴϟѵ॔КၧȂዩ‫ߞٲ‬ग़‫׀‬՛ ȞMelito of Sardisȟ኷ࠫຜ‫ז‬ѳླྀ‫׀ڧ‬т෻ȞMarcus AureliusȟȂࠫ К෩фԺռӣᄊҺုଠȂ‫ۦ‬Ϡሲ‫އ‬ҝᎥᗼ௄ရిߞిᐱȂ‫ڭ‬ᆨஜϠ ር‫ט‬௄ရਵȞண Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 4.26.9ȟȄԯթȂ‫ڹ׈‬Ժռӣٟ գ ๴ ୓ ԑ ஼ ߞ Ⴠ ঝ Ȟ ٟ գ ᝋ ᑂ ᢖ ӯ ҁ ഺ ዹ இ Ⴥ ȟȂ ҁ Ъ ሦ ൄ Ϟ Ϙ ৎ ᘌཕȂ‫ڹ‬ӎԳঝਚஊᆬ๴ӠȄ

11 M. Griffin, "The Flavians," Cambridge Ancient History 11 (2000): 81-82. 12 Griffin, "The Flavians," 79.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ө‫૸ڧ‬ȞPlinyȟ֋Ժռӣ೚޼੡งබᇒನؕయҺȞBithyniaȟȂ ҁԨҁ༮‫ׅ‬ඡ‫ט‬኶ய۶ᛛӇ௄ရਵȂѽф௻Ⴠ௄ရਵԨ‫ז‬ѳྰࢵຈ ఐ޶Ȃഺ‫ڰڱ‬ఐԴؕయҺЙᙝ๴ӠȄҁԨҁ༮‫ׅ‬᎛ిȂՂ֣഍ನഺ ၏௄ရਵȄంҁԴгЮ 112 Ր኷ߞ Epistle 10Ȃ‫ا‬েҞ‫ر‬ҍවৎঋ૵Ȉ Ϙȃө‫૸ڧ‬౻྾ߢႽȂ‫ظ‬໦௄ရਵߞ੯Ԇᘘӏ‫ܡ୺ᜲۖה‬৶Н ԐȂ௄ရਵЏജ኶ࣤȂᘵ๒ҁჅҝٟգணሃ኶ࣤЍ֯Ȃҁ ሲ Ȉȶ ‫ ا‬ం ӏ ኶ ࣤ Ⴥ ௄ ရ ਵ Ȃ ԯ թ Й ߢ Ⴝ ഺ ။ ֖ ഼ ௱ ߞ ᜂ ᇳ࣏तኃȄȷঋ઻ྍө‫ߞ૸ڧ‬஄നȂϠࢆᇍ࣏௄ရਵබ࣏ ။֖Ȃྻ‫ۦ‬ᜂᇳȄ ϟȃ஄ॶգϠ‫ۖڽ‬ө‫૸ڧ‬বࡈȂࢆᇍ֋Ў࣏௄ရਵȂҁྻሮऎ ᕕ ࢨ ዹ ᜂ ᇳ թ Ϡ ȉ ө ‫ ૸ ڧ‬ሲ Ȉȶ ஄ ॶ ҁ ে ி ࢺ ۖ ܺ Ȃ ‫ ا‬බ ϭ҄഍ٙҁেȄȷ Ϭȃө‫ۖྍ઻૸ڧ‬ഺᇌȶ୛ࠫȷЏ෸ያۖϯࣹߤྻȂҁሲȈȶ‫ێ‬ ҁϠϵᄊҁেᢩ‫ٳ‬ϞȂ๒փԯऎҁে࣏ᜲ୺гӔȂ‫ୃا‬ϭ ҁেߞ੯ԆȂ๒ࢢ‫د‬ҁে୙݀ᜲ୺Ȅȷ ұȃө‫૸ڧ‬ា᠈ႋ៖գ‫ڱ‬୙ۖҁবࡈߞϠȂԴϟϩԺՐࡈЏ‫׎‬ ሮ ௄ ရ Ȟ ྍ ‫ ׈‬Դ Ժ ռ ӣ ੡ ง ȟȄ ๒ փ ҁ ে Դ त ኃ ᖖ ᄩ ϭ г ༟‫׎‬ሮ௄ရȉᢖ๒࣏Դ Epistle 10 ୃႶߞᖖᄩКȄգ‫ڱ‬ष ߞ‫ܧ‬Ӕ‫ݕ‬гӔȂЙᎢ࣏ಳిਵᘘ࣏๘щϠȂҁেԨࣆܹ‫ܡ‬ ৶‫ظ‬໦௄ရਵȂ‫د‬ҁে௲ۖ‫ܡ‬৶বࡈȂ‫ܡ‬৶බጹயҁে࣏ ‫׎‬௄ရਵȂ࣏‫׎‬ЙߺԨ‫ז‬ѳϭࢵȄ႕๒ȂഺᇌჀঝ‫ࠧڭ‬Ӥ ᜲ୺‫ܡ‬৶๴୓Ȃࡒ࣏Ӥҁে‫ڽ‬ே֖ȂԯऎҁেᐾգকϧȄ ҁ༮‫ׅ‬ٟգᄁᔽϠঋঝਚ௄ရਵȂЙჅည௄ရਵԴ‫ޱ‬ਲജ ఠ‫ט‬Ȃҁබ‫ز‬৞ഺᇌ֖ਸ਼Ȃө‫૸ڧ‬ϵႬᔌҁߞஇ‫ޱ‬Ȅ Уȃ൵ࢢȂө‫૸ڧ‬෩ۖ௄ရిԴҁᇒ޼ߞषҾȃ༏‫م‬ȃࠕঠԳ ўȂत֌ߤྻԧ༥ኸरዃ޾ࣹཇȂᐱ७ཇ೚ಳిૠ዁ߞྰ ࢵȂѽфஜߏឥ೉ൌ‫݆ۖۦ‬໛Ȅ ည๒ȂഺЙ࣏Ϙ‫܆‬Н༡ߞ‫ڰ‬ȂుӯᔂୃႶߞ౻྾ሲ‫ށ‬ϞȂԴԺ

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ռӣߞ೚޼੡งȂ௄ရిߞཇያᐱ७௄ရਵঋবᅆϯগԢ᝷ߞჀঝ ሃ‫ॴۦ‬Ȅ෻຿પȞT. B. Slaterȟሃ෼ᓥ෻ȞS. R. F. Priceȟࢽҍգ‫ږ‬ ௉ᝋᑂᝋ‫ށ‬ԴԺռӣ೚޼ф‫ߞࢢێ‬੡งȂ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬ጤધయ֖‫ז‬ѳ௣ ࢵȂգЙьхᅆ߰൯‫ۦ‬ᛉᕅȂփ௄ရਵȞэ‫ڗ࣏ێ‬жႵ୼߰ȟ‫ـ‬Դ দЂߤྻᕅϧНϭജঝঋ‫ܦ‬ంȄ 13 ‫ا‬েঋទᚰ෠෪ుӯᔂϟ֌ϬൢߞаਟȂҹ࣏኷ຜપઅߞྻ ಿȂ࣏֝Դ‫ڲ‬೟‫֘ڲ‬᝝ߞϠȂҁে‫ࡱߞ֝ݙ‬Ҿ֜‫ݺ‬ѽӄ‫ߞݙ‬ѹঋг ႮȂ‫ݕ‬ሃѽӄ‫ݙ‬ാతߞҾঠгႮȄᑋᢜփ‫ڏ‬Ȃഺ੡งߞ௄ရి࣏ൌ Ҿ಩໪Ȃుӯᔂϵ‫ڍ‬ᝋഺ‫ڰ‬ᅁȄ஄ॶঋႎ೟ࣤ‫ٿ‬ഺ‫ڱ‬௄ရਵ‫ڗ‬഍ߞ ߤྻ०฀ȂබҪգ኷ຜЀُੋȞϟ 8ʂ11ȟሃ‫־‬ঘዝߞ੩ࠫȞϟ 12 ʂ17ȟ෩фిྻሃߤྻߞᝯ࠼Ȃ‫ا‬েంК๴಩ȶԴᜲ୺ᄩаߞ‫ڲ‬೟ ‫ڲ‬Ȃ௄ရਵ‫ۖۦ‬ᛉᕅߞᅁ‫ڼ‬ȷ 14 ȂҒࣁՉ෩ܳઆႽȄుӯᔂ೐ұൢ ୓ Ȃ Й Ԣ ࣱ ၢ ߞ ၃ ћ ϵ գ ঑ ব ෡ গ ‫ ڱ ڤ‬ည ᡋ ߰ Ȟ Ғ ࣁ ‫ ז‬ѳ ȟȄ ‫ ا‬ে ፁᅁգᝋᑂᢖӯ௄ရਵ‫ॴۦ‬ȃᕅঝȃᛉᕅȃ‫ۘغ‬ȃஊᆬઆႽȂ‫ݙ‬ѽ ЙକሲԴԺռӣ੡งȂٟգᝋᑂᝋ‫ށ‬௄ရਵ‫ܡ ୺ᜲۖۦ‬৶գೡᚐߞ ঝ ਚ Ȅ ෻ ຿ પ ᗁ ຕ Ȉȶ ‫ ا‬ሮ ऎ ॗ ᒰ ߞ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ߤ ྻ ሃ ‫ ి ܟ‬० ฀ ࣏ Դ ϝϩՐ҃ࠐงȂ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬௄ရਵऎϞ‫݇ࠫిܟ‬Ꮞ‫ۦ‬ӎԳϠߞ២ᙘȃኚ ‫ؘ‬ȃ‫ޡ‬໛ȃᕅঝȄȷ 15 ԯթȂգϠѹ௺ుӯᔂ཈х࣍ࠐง௄ရਵᅆ Ⴠঝߞ਻៵Ȃ‫ࠧڭ‬ҁেᅁቫᏎჃߞߤྻԟᑟȄഺᇌ‫ڍ‬ႋ࣏ЙକংԢ ߞȄ16 ԓ߰Ȃ၃Јѕࣤւ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠȞmartusȟϘໟԴుӯᔂߞӡ‫ࢢޱ‬Ȃ

13 T. B. Slater, "On the Social Setting of the Revelation," NTS 44 (1998): 238; S. R. Price, Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 123-26, 197-98. 14 Slater, "Social Setting," 241.! 15 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 254Ȅ 16 ঋ Ј ѕ ഺ ᇌ ‫ ڍ‬ႋ Ȅ Ғ ᓊ Ȟ Bauckhamȟ Դ ຜ ‫ ࠫ ߞ ا‬К ෩ ф Ȉȶ ᝯ ‫ ݺ‬Ժ ռ ӣ ሃ Ⴠ ঝߞயᛟȂ‫ا‬ሮऎ௻Ꭰ‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵߞᝋᑂѧჀঝߞᝋᑂ‫ـ‬দঋȄ๒փ‫ୃ؞־‬Ȃ ‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵߞయஜѹঋЙ࣏‫֋ڽ‬КҴȂփ࣏‫ތ֋ڽ‬বࡱҾߞᇟॻжЄȂҁেߞ ֖ஜϵ࣏֋๴ߞȄ‫ێ‬ᅁȂుӯᔂᚣ೐ϟ୸᜙ʝ஄Ԑߢх࣍Ϟ‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵȄჀঝ ‫ڭ‬Й࣏ӤКҴ๴୓Ȃփ࣏৅ᓥӎԳϠӔߞయஜȂഺంө‫ࠑߞ૸ڧ‬಩බҞѽ౻

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ᢖӯഺໟُըҍ಩੡ȞԒУըȈϘ 5Ȃϟ 13ȂϬ 14ȶࢽॠᒘߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋȷȂ ϩϘ 3Ȃϩϛ 6ȟ Ȃൌգ݅ѕߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠժ‫ݺ‬ዷϧНϭȄ‫ێ‬ᅁȂ݅ѕ(pistos) ϘໟԴϟൢ 10ȃ13 ြȂϵҞକ࣏Ϙൢ 5 ြࢽۖ֌ժ݅ѕߞྍࢥȄ ഺЙ࣏ሲԴుӯᔂႆ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠȞmartusȟϘໟЏ՘ऎઆႽߞ௞ࠝങሬȂ ԯऎϩУൢ 5 ြҪ࣏ࢽϘଠߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠȄ‫ݙ‬ѽȂ‫ـ‬Ӓፁߞሲ‫࣏ޱ‬ഺໟ ၃௱௲գ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠ݅ѕ֌ժߞ‫ף‬၍Ȅ 17 ѽϯߞ഍ᄩգ֣ྍ၍ȉԺռӣᄊ‫ێ‬ҁ‫ז‬ѳϘዹȂҁ‫ח‬۳៳ϭ၃ ௱ே֖ѽϭ‫ی‬ᇌუᛓߞᜂᇳ‫؛‬ՑȈrelegatio in insulam ‫׈‬ജᆾူԴ ϘৎਫϯȂ‫ ݕ‬deportatio ad insulam ‫׈‬ജ‫ۖുݸ‬ϘৎਫϯȂ֭‫ڳ‬գ ৎϠ֋ӤȄ‫ی‬ᇌ‫؛‬Ցൌѽ‫ڽുݸ‬෱ۤӠ‫ۻ‬ȄԴӒ௱ᖖᄩϭȂഺᇌᜂ ᇳӖϳူѤϠԴ১ӎߞ‫ݙܧ‬ӠࣿȄॗᒰ࢝Ҟକঋ‫ۦء‬ഺᇌ๭ॴȂೣ ӠҲူԴЈ‫ڲ‬೟‫ܫ֘ڲ‬Ȃԯթҁࢧ‫ݺ‬኷ࠫຜᚣ຾ҁࠫѹߞϠȄҁం Й෩ф֋Ў‫أ‬௟‫ۖڽ‬ҁে‫ڤ‬ႆȂ཈ሲॠᒘӅঋ‫ڽأ‬Ȅ ‫ݥ‬ዝਫፁᅁ࣏Ϙৎ҄Ϡҵҝᐬ୽۶ϯ་ѕߞԳўȂᜲ୺Ϡ‫ڹ‬ӡ ഺԳўȂᄊ‫ێ‬ҁਫᕎϘዹ֯ऎ҇কНԳȄుӯᔂٟգ౻྾ӹ҃Ȃॗ ᒰԴ‫ݥ‬ዝਫϯ࣏ۖܺജ‫ുݸ‬Ȃᘘ࣏ജᆾူѷ‫؝ॴއ‬ȉ๑ᎢՂ֣Ȃҁ ٟգงౕକԓըణണᡝ߰ȄԯթȂుӯᔂ࣏ॗᒰ ཉᆽԑϧȂऎᡝ߰

྾ߢႽȞө‫֖ߞ૸ڧ‬ஜ࣏ӤӎԳϠ‫ט‬๴௄ရਵփ୓ߞȄԯթȂుӯᔂᅆ๘щ Ϡ ߞ ݈ ࢤȂ࣏ ԯ ऎ ҁ ে ҍ Ꮁ ௄ ရ ਵ ຜ ည ᡋ ߰ ȟȄ෱ ‫ ڏ‬НȂധ Ժ Ր ࠜ ᐯ ߰ ሮ ऎ Ժ ռӣታᐱӤКҴೡᚐߞዃ޾Ⴠঝ֖ஜȂ࣏֭‫ا‬ЙԢྍഺ‫ڍ‬ႋȂԯऎѣ૿ᑢҫ ᝋ ᑂ њ ࢺȄ‫ ا‬ሮ ऎ ഺ ऻ ‫ ޱ‬ሃ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ а ਟ ‫ ך‬ԪȂ฼ ෼ ฑ ߞ ྍ ‫ ࡒ ڍ‬ሃ ‫ ڰ‬ᅁ Й ೑Ȅ ည๒Ȃుӯᔂ‫ڭ‬ЙᝯަԺռӣ࣏‫׎‬ϘৎՀ‫ז‬ѳȂည๒ᜲ୺Ϡሮऎഺ࣏ঋᇦߞ ȞҁԴক‫ڰ‬ϯ࣏‫׎‬՘ґȉҁྔ࣏՘ґȂԴ௄ရਵೀКබᢏఀྔ᛼ȂԴᜲ୺Ϡ ೀ К බ ᢏ ఀ ྔ Հ ȟȂ‫ ا‬ে ঋ ઻ ѕ ཇ ೚ ᐯ ߰ ߞ ୅ ᎢȂබ ࣏ Ժ ռ ӣ ৹ ‫ ࠑ ڱ‬಩ ሃ ௄ ရ ਵᅆҁߞ঑বໞኊᅁቫहᝯȄ๒փЙঋ‫ୃ؞‬ుӯᔂᅆ‫ז‬ѳۘ࢘௄ӎϯ࣏գ঑ বໞኊߞȂ‫ڼ‬ՂϛᔝȞ‫ݙ‬գ‫ז‬ѳȟԑ࣏᜙ߞᔝȊ‫ا‬েѦ༷໛Ժռӣѧ‫ێ‬ҁ‫ז‬ ѳ‫ـ‬ਮȂҺုࡋ࣏‫ـ‬෋ԚȄᘵ๒ుӯᔂߞᡝ߰ྻሮऎഺ࣏ঋᇦߞȄȷ 17 Դ ѹ ࢢ ೐ ϟ ѵ ॔ Ӑ ၧ ߞȮ ‫ ܂‬੠ ӥ આ Ⴝ ୃ ȯȞ The Martyrdom of PolycarpȟȞ э ‫ێ‬ Ȃࢽ ҍ આ Ⴝ ߰ ሃ આ Ⴝ ഺ Մ ߞ ௞ ࠝ ങ ሬ ࣏ ࢷ ࿰ martus ۶ ‫ ێ‬Ԣ ࿚ Մ փ ண 2.iii.397ȟ ‫ ڽ‬Ȅ ႎ ண A. A. Trites, "Martus and Martyrdom in the Apocalypse," NovT 15 (1973): 72-80Ȅ

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෩‫ڻ‬ᑋԑߞుӯᄦ๪ȂԯऎҁЙକᓐ‫ڗ‬ణണഺ‫ྻిڱ‬Ȃሃྻಿӹ ᎘Ȃ۶Ԩҁেႋ៖ȄॗᒰҞକ៳‫ߞྻߤݺ‬ᇟॻжЄȂԯऎᇟॻжЄ ЖྻԯৎϠ။֖փജ‫ുݸ‬ȂࠧᇟॻжЄබജ഍ٙȞண Eusebius, Eccl. 3.17-20; 4.27-9ȟȄည๒ȂॗᒰಎϢሮᝊ᚞ॗሃ‫ێ‬ҁћᐯȞ֌ьԴપ ‫ܠ‬ሃࣙ‫ڱ‬ፑඛНаȟȂ܎ᅁ࣏գᝊНЀȄ ంߤྻᐯߞ‫࢘ڎ‬փ‫ڏ‬Ȃॗᒰജ‫ുݸ‬х࣍ҁЙ཈࣏ৎদঋϠߏȂ ϵ࣏Ј‫ڲ‬೟‫ྻిߞڲ‬ታഞȂփࠧըঋߞԐߢȄ‫ݙ‬ѽȂԯऎҁጢᝊ‫ڲ‬ ೟‫៳ߞྻిڲ‬ᢸሃߤྻఐ޶Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽᓐ֋ឍࡍҁেȄॗᒰ࣏Դ௞ۘѹ ੡งНࡈȞҞକ࣏‫ڹ‬ਵЪԴ஡аߞ੡งНࢢȟዤ኷ుӯᔂȂᚣ຾ࠑ ‫ށ‬ৎϠߞԐߢᡋࢃȂऎঋᕒׄҁেอჅ‫ۦ‬มᕅȃ‫ۘغ‬ȃत֌આႽߞ གླ੡งȄ 18 ᘙֹᆬ෻ȞJ. R. MichaelsȟӒፁࢽҍॗᒰ഍ನည੡ᅁቫߞߤྻ யᛟȈ ‫ ا‬ে ϵ ധ ሮ ᝊ Դ ഺ ੡ ҃ ߞ Ϙ ‫ ڱ‬ϠȂԴ ᗄ ົ ߞ Ҿ ঠ Ⴥ ຾ Ӏ ᔖ Չ ᜦ ߞ Ӡ ࣿȂࡒ Й ᙝ ᎘ Ꭲȶ ៳ ᢸ ߋ ᐼ ȷȶ ዩ ֭ ‫ ؽ‬ᕝ ȷȶ ᠲ ୿ ม ᕅ ȷຈ ‫ڰ‬Ȃ֭ ࣏ ‫ ا‬ে Й ᝸ ྐ ᄊ ॗ ᒰ බ ࣏ ഺ ዹ ߞ ϠȄ‫ ا‬ে ᄾ Ҟ ह ࠫȂҁ ᅆ ‫ ݺ‬ૠ ሃ ᠲ ୿ Н ༡ ߞ Ђ ᎏ ॎ ߞ ऻ ‫ޱ‬ȂԴ ಩ ᅁ ѵ ध գ ੲ գ ᑂȄည ు ӯ ᔂ ೲ ᛓ Ϟ ᅁ ቫ ᑢ ҫ ߞ ᅁ ‫ڼ‬Ȃ‫ ا‬ে බ ྻ ࢝ ྐ ᗁ ຕ ሲȂҹ ཈ ࣏ ሬ ઈ ߞ ࠑ Ⴟ Ȃ ‫ ݎ ࣏ ݕ‬ಳ ߞ ѵ ध ᣍ Ȃ ٟ գ ȶ ᝯ Ѽ ȷ ԇ ֣ ‫ ߏ ڰ‬Ȅ 19

ᕕႍᅆ‫ة‬ഺᇌႏణȄ

18 ண A. Boesak, Comfort and Protest: The Apocalypse from a South African Perspective (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986), 19Ȉȶ ԯ ᕕ Դ Ղ թ ԟ ᔍ ੡ ง ॗ ᒰ ᡝ߰գߞࣆ޼ನ݇ሃࣄᐼȂഺ‫ڱ‬੩ࠫЙҞକѽȺӒ௱ȻўՑ‫ڽ‬੩኷ȄฅԴࣆ ޼มᕅܺϭӠࣿߞϠൌߢႽȂҁُৎஜ֯ൌ‫ۦ‬ᆾ໛Ȃ‫ݙ‬ᗾߞُҮ႖ൌঋЈѕ ᓊ༓Ȃ۹ඛߞϠҞକ࣏‫ט‬๴߰Ȅ‫ݙ‬ѽȂഺ‫ڱ‬੩ࠫߞ੩኷ўՑȂҪգജཇఱߢ ᝊ ߰ Ж କ ૌ Ӓ ‫ ށ‬Ө ҹ ߞ ྍ ࢥȂం К ఀ ຾ ᄁ ᔽȄഺ ‫ ڱ‬੩ ࠫ ៳ ‫ݺ‬Ⱥ Գ ϭ ‫ ߋ ة‬ћ ᐯ Ȼ Ȅȷ 19 J. R. Michaels, Interpreting the Book of Revelation (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992), 49.

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JJ/!ంҰᓃ‫ྛپޟ‬ၥਟȂও᜝ᇄ१ᄺ ుӯᔂߞћӎᑢҫȂႬ‫ێ‬᏶ЂԺዴߞྲॗ੩ۡൌЙԢȄϘ‫ڱ‬ѹ ঋҟۡ‫ڭ‬ЙҒ‫ף‬ుӯᔂԴаȄȮౚၠ‫بܪ‬ӎȯȞCodex VaticanusȟԴ ֱؓ‫ڽ‬੩ϝൢ 14 ြКᙝȂѽ D ऎዾୃߞ‫ب‬ӎൌٟգుӯᔂȄ 20 ు ӯ ᔂ գ ව ৎ ‫ ݛ‬Ϛ ћ ȃ ృ ‫ ڲ ׀‬ћ ȃ ॊ ෼ ฆ ћ Ȟ Copticȟȃ ‫ ڲ‬ग़ Һ ‫ ڲ‬ћ Ȟ Armenianȟ ߞ៌ ӎȂ ࡒٟ գ Ϙ ৎ ֘ ў ћ ӎȞ Western textȟȂഺ Ⴌ ‫ڹ‬ਵ֖ཇЙԢȄȮ֘Ϝ‫ب‬ӎȯȞCodex SinaiticusȟȃȮ‫ڲ‬ᑢЋщ‫ب‬ӎȯ ȞCodex AlexandrinusȟȃȮ‫ب‬ӎ CȯȞCodex Cȟȃ‫ی‬ӎদঋߞልନ૽ ‫ب‬ӎȞp47 ሃ p115ȟൌҒࣁుӯᔂȄӒՂᘙֹᆬ෻‫ࢽݙ‬Ȉȶԯऎҟ ҃ൊжిྻ‫ݡ‬ທుӯᔂऎӒ‫ۏ‬Ȃѽ७ҹႬ‫ێ‬ҁၐ၃੩ۡգ࢝ЙहԢ ߞћӎᑢҫȄҹЙ௱ሃұᇊর‫ᜲ࠲ݕ‬੩ࠫϘ୓‫ب‬኷ϭ‫ڽ‬Ȃत֌Йሃ ည੡‫݃ߞ៉ߋۍ‬ఀȃ๘Ђȃ༮ԧȃॗᒰߞȺ෼഼੩ࠫȻ‫ڭ‬ԕȄȷ21 ഺ ੩ ߞ ћ ӎ ߋ ៉ Ђ Ժ Ҟ ᗁ ຕ ऎ Ȃ ᕕ ᓴ ᑄ Ⴕ ࢢ ง ߞ ѹ ࣹ ћ ӎ Ȟ majority textȂഺћӎ࣏Ȯႜ‫ܒ‬෻៌ӎȯȦKing James Versionȧ‫ݕ‬Ȯย‫ܠ‬ӎȯ ȦAuthorized Versionȧߞ‫ڶ‬ᑂȟȂᘘ࣏Ⴕ՝งߞҟۡȄ‫ێ‬Кߞਮಳ‫ڭ‬ Й࣏ЙहВߞȂ‫ڼ‬ՂుӯᔂϩϬൢ 1 ြᕕళӡѹࣹћӎऎ‫ڶ‬ᑂȂ៌ ֯ȶ‫ا‬૭຾ȷ Ȃᘘ࣏ѽϘ‫ڱ‬՝งҟۡऎ‫ڶ‬ᑂȞՂ p47ȃAlephȃAȃCȟȂ ៌֯ȶҁȞࢽᔷȟ૭຾ȷ۸ȉࢢ߰Ҟକ࣏ႵԪᏋߞᓴᑄȂԯփ೐ϩ ϟൢሃ೐ϩϬൢ‫ـ‬Ґ቟తȄᔷԴԋᄦ౭ਚ௄ရࢢ‫ۦ‬੘ȂាփᏏࢤ‫ݺ‬ ௄ရߞࢢႁȞϩϟ 17ȟȄԴᏋည੡৏Ȃ‫ྻا‬୅Ꭲ‫ێ‬ҁߞಳћȄ 22 Դ թ௻Ꭰවৎদঋ‫ڰ‬ᅁȈ ϘȃҪգбԊልନ૽‫ب‬ӎҒࣁుӯᔂߞൊжаਟȂ൵՝ߞϘԊ ࿚֋ϟѵ॔Ȃഺᝋ‫ށ‬Դϟѵ॔ ࠐၧȂుӯᔂЏ၃ԴిྻК 20 ֘ ў ћ ӎ ԩ Ҩ DȂ Ժ Ⴥ Ϙ Ԋ ‫ ب‬ӎ ‫ ݕ‬੭ ঎ ӎ Ȃ ᘵ ๒ ည К գ ਮ ಳ Ȃ ֭ ҹ ে ៳ ‫ ݺ‬ह ৎߞཇ೚۶ћӎ᝷‫־‬Ȅ 21 J. R. Michaels, Interpreting, 79. 22 ୅ Ꭲ ు ӯ ᔂ ႆ ћ ‫ ޱ‬Й ည ߞ ᎝ ᛟȂண Michaels, Interpreting, 85-94Ȅգ Ϡ ‫ د‬ॗ ᒰ ߞؓ᜷ሬҨ֯୯౉ሬ‫ݕ‬ജ୯౉мߞሬ‫ڏ‬ȄЙᇒՂ֣Ȃদঋߞயᛟ࣏ഺ‫ؓڱ‬᜷ ሬ࣏‫׎‬ంᚙ៌փ‫ڽ‬Ȅ

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ཇᏦȄ 23 ϟȃుӯᔂ௄ӎϯգұᇌћӎ᝷‫־‬ȂႬྲॗ‫ێ‬ҁ੩ۡЙԢȄ 24 ϬȃҪգϩϘԊЂ྿ᢜ‫ب‬ӎҒ‫ף‬ుӯᔂȂփවԊႵࢢงߞј‫ب‬ ӎҒࣁుӯᔂȂ‫ށ‬ᢖ࣏ࢢ‫ڽ‬ҐϯҝߞȄԯऎϯগನӤȂҐ ϯ൵՝งߞ၃᎝༰ൌٟ෩ۖుӯᔂȂഺх࣍ుӯᔂԴ՝ง ిྻ࿂‫៉ߋۍ‬Ȃ၃ჅϘ๫ߋᎢȂЖജԕϢӒ‫ۏ‬Ȃԯփ࢝ᓵ ЖജЙԢԳ஡ిྻతૼȂэ‫ތ࣏ێ‬ўిྻȄ ಿ‫ݙ‬۹ߢȂుӯᔂգ࢝Ժ᚞ॗ‫ࣇۏ‬Ȃ‫ڭ‬єগ‫ێ‬Кൊж၃ћȄϘ ଠᐯ߰ѹ௺ॗᒰళӡ᚞ॗሃ‫ێ‬ҁ՝งߞ๘щȞሃؓᜲȟႤਫ਼ȂҁՀ ᄊឩЍඵࠛȂۖ഍ࢶధȂұ഍ᣍౕȂࡒЙЂᝯަ൵ࠐඵᖔភߏ੡ߞ ०฀Ȅϵգᐯ߰ሮऎॗᒰԴళӡഺ‫ڱ‬՝งႤਫ਼੡Ȃᅆ১գߞҮЄȃ ඔ໪Ȟ imageȟߞႋ៖ЙྏᒸᎷȂഺ‫ڍ‬ႋࠕ‫ڽ‬൯‫ࣄۦ‬ᐼȄ 25 ҒᓊȞR. Bauckhamȟሃ໱௄෻ȞJ. Fekkesȟሮऎॗᒰฅѿ೟ु‫ٿ‬ҁߞ‫ڽ‬࿚Ⴄ ਫ਼ Ȟ Ђ ൊ ж ࣏ ᚞ ॗ Ԑ ߢ ੩ ȟȄ ᝯ ‫ ݺ‬ഺ ᎝ ᛟ Ȃ ໱ ௄ ෻ ߞ ႎ ೟ ௞ ћ ৃ ఀ ೟ᡝȄ 26 ໱௄෻Ӓፁ௻ᎠȂԐߢॗᒰߞႤਫ਼ߡతంֱؓ‫ڽ‬ћ‫᠋ڲݕ‬ћߞ ᚞ ॗ ၐ ၃ փ ‫ ڽ‬Ȃ փ ࠧ Ȯ ϛ ϩ Ѐ ៌ ӎ ȯȞ ഺ ԩ Մ ࣏ ԯ ऎ ഺ ៌ ӎ Ӥ ϛ ϩ Ϡᚙ៌ȟ Ȅ27 ഺᙇ࢝দঋȂࠑӯుӯᔂ‫ݙ‬ӡߞЙ࣏ؓ᜷ሬᚙ៌֯ࡡȂ 23 P98 ‫ ֋ ڽ‬༟ ᜲȞ CairoȟȂഺ ћ ឥ ం ‫ ڲ‬೟ ‫ ࣹ ڲ‬ཇ ۖ ਄ фȂ๒ ࢢ Դ ਄ ф ജ Ϡ ‫ ب‬኷ ϭ ‫ڽ‬ȂᑋৎჅ຀ቮঋϘ‫ڱ‬੡༡Ȅ 24 J. K. Elliot, "The Distinctiveness of the Greek Manuscripts of the Book of Revelation," JTS 48 (1997): 116-24. 25 G. K. Beale, John’s Use of the Old Testament in Revelation (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998) ࣏ գ ӡ ߞ ࿄ ᠓ Ȃ ᅆ ഺ ‫ ៉ ڱ‬ᛟ գ Ӓ х ‫ ی‬ব ߞ ୅ Ꭲ ȇ ᐆ ӿ ෻ Ȟ J. P. Ruizȟ ሃ ം ӿ ֘ Ȟ S. Moyiseȟ ߞ ໞ Ꭲ ϵ գ ᕒ ׄ Ȃ ҁ ে ሮ ऎ ॗ ᒰ ‫ ڭ‬Й ᝯަ᚞ॗႤਫ਼ߞћᐯ഍ᄩȄ 26 ᕕ Ԣ ੡ ண ऻ R. Bauckham, The Climax of Prophecy (Edinburgh: T+T Clark, 1993)Ȃ э ண 38-91Ȅ 27 J. Fekkes, Isaiah and the Prophetic Traditions in the Book of Revelation: Visionary Antecedents and Their Developments (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic

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֯߰ѹঋళӡ୯౉ሬȄ 28 ໱௄෻་Ϙَϧ‫ڏ‬Ȃգ੡ᐯ߰Ⴥж௻Ꭰॗ ᒰళӡчుཇ೚Ȃᅆॗᒰ֋ሮऎ࣏Ԑߢߞ‫ࡒ֒ڎ‬௻ᎠЙ‫ږ‬Ȅ 29 ഺ࣏ ӀᓊߞயᛟȂӒՂ‫ݙا‬௻ᎠȂॗᒰߞ၃ћ࣏ԐߢՑчు֯ࡡȂႵ‫ڸ‬ ሲ‫࣏ޱ‬чుՑԐߢࠫਿȄӤ‫ݺ‬ుӯߞ໪ወሃᣍ݇Ȃॗᒰєӡ࿂Ժ᚞ ॗԐߢߞႋ៖ȂӒՂ໱௄෻‫ݙ‬௻ᎠȂ᚞ॗၐ၃࣏ॗᒰࠧ໛ᄊႤਫ਼ߞ ѹঋ‫ڽ‬࿚Ȅॗᒰԑѕहࠫ֋Ўሃᡝ߰഍‫ߞڗ‬Ր҃Ȃ࢝Ժჰ‫ڏ‬Ӓുَ ᕕᢚȂԯթȂҁ࿂ᝯަᕕധʝჰ‫ڏ‬ሃᕕᢚߞᝯ࠼ȇ๒փȂҁ഍ನߞ ў‫ޱ‬ሃ୺щ‫ݕ‬ႮҐቲऎЙԢȄ ညॗᒰళӡԐߢࠫਿ‫ڽ‬Ғႅᑢҫ੡Ȃҁٟգஂႅऎҟ҃ઍќȄ ుӯᔂ࣏ੲᑂҁ഍‫ߞڗ‬ᑢҫᅁ޶‫ڽ‬ዤ኷Ȃҁ঵ԐԨգᝯߤ၏ᗾগપ ‫ ៉ ߞ ܠ‬ᛟ Ȃȶ ॗ ᒰ ሲ ‫ ֋ ށ‬Ў ߞ ‫ ڗ‬ж Ȃ ѽ ੩ ࠫ ߞ ੾ Ց ୃ গ ಳ ໪ Ȃ ‫ ڹ‬ҹ Й֌ജϠѽऎ࣏୉ԩߞчు֯ࡡȄҁࢷ‫ڗ‬഍ߞԳ஡ȂԴૌᅁߞిྻ ഍ᄩᗾগપ‫ߞܠ‬யᛟȄȷ 30 ॗᒰሮᝊᡝ߰Ȃ‫ށ‬ӨҁেߞயᛟȂϵႎ ೟ሮᝊҁে‫ݙ‬഍ߞԳನȃᑢҫȃࣆ޼ȃ‫ిܟ‬ᖖᄩȄ 31 ๒փȂుӯᔂ ϫ᝱ѽඏඏᇍऎԐߢՑ੩ࠫȂԯऎҹߞ੩ࠫ‫؛‬ՑҒ‫ף‬щь੩ࠫߞપ ወȄЙ࣏ߞȂॗᒰ฽ౕ෬༟ࣙ‫ڱ‬ుӯȂપ‫࣏־‬ంૠታ‫ߞۦ‬ుӯՑಳ ᄊȂᚣթᄁᔽ۶Չዐᡝ߰Ȅ‫ᝒا‬՘໱௄෻ߞ‫ڍ‬ႋȂ୓঵ߞѯሬडᑙ அ࿜‫ޟ‬ంҰЙ࣏֯ࡡ᝷࡭ȃుӯল੾‫ࣙݕ‬ᇌಳ໪ᢜᢚߞ௞ࠝങሬȂ

Press, 1994), 17. 28 գ Ϡ ѹ ௺ ֯ ߰ ԯ ᕕ ч ు ᛟ ‫ ل‬փ ࣇ ྍ ‫ ڹ‬ӡ д ࠜ ؓ ᜷ ሬ Ȃ ֭ ഺ ऻ ‫ ޱ‬൯ ‫ ۦ‬Ꮃ ᆷ Ȅ ॗ ᒰߞᒸᎷԴ‫ݺ‬௟ԞӇ༟Ȃҁᝯަߞ࣏ుӯȂփࠧࣇྍሦൄ‫්ק‬ȄҒᓊሃ໱௄ ෻ ߞ Ꭲ ᑂ Ⴌ Ϙ ‫ ڱ‬ᐯ ߰ Й Ԣ Ȃ Ղ Ȉ Callahan, "Language of the Apoclaypse," 453-54Ȃ ᓾ ሱ Գ ஄ ‫ ܠ‬ॗ ᒰ ۤ ‫ ֋ ل‬Ȯ ϛ ϩ Ѐ ៌ ӎ ȯȇ ๒ փ Ȃ ҙ ‫ ݛ‬ᆔ Ȟ Callahanȟ ሮऎॗᒰࣇྍళӡપ‫ؓߞ־‬᜷ሬȂх࣍ҁৎϠߞᑾપল੾Ȃഺሲ‫ޱ‬ӒፁȄ 29 Fekkes, Isaiah, 38. 30 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 39Ȅ 31 ண C. Hemer, The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1986); ѧ Ⴕ R. H. Worth, The Seven Cities of the Apocalypse and Roman Culture and The Seven Cities of the Apocalypse and Greco-Asia Culture (Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1999)Ȅ

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փ࣏ࢽ‫ށ‬ᔌࢢࠫਿߞೣ࿂‫ڽ‬࿚࣏ૠȂԑൊൌ࣏ૠߞుӯȄ 32! ԴྲॗКȂుӯᔂ࣏றϘ੩ۡୃႶૠѽ೐ϘϠᇍᗾগߞૠᓞ Ȟ ഺ ௱ ‫ ݺ ڍ‬᚞ ॗ ߞ Ԑ ߢ ੩ ȟȂ ഺ ທ ࠧ ྍ ҳ Ȃ ॗ ᒰ ሮ ऎ ֋ Ў ᄊ ‫ ێ‬ҁ Ԑ ߢȂԢ࣏ૠߞ๴‫ڏ‬ϠȂ‫ݙ‬෬ӯߞЙ࣏т‫ޟ‬ჰ‫ڏ‬Ȃփ࣏डᑙஅ࿜‫ޟ‬ం ҰȂԯթҁ௻ᎠЙକኧิഺ‫ڱ‬ჰ‫ڏ‬Ȟుϟϩϟ 18ʂ19ȟȄॗᒰ᎘ф ߞჰ‫ڏ‬Ѧ༷኶ࣤ۶ᅅᢚȂЙᄊ࠲ᜲԴྲॗ෩фߞȞ‫ࡈޒ‬ϩұൢȂѧ ႵܲࡈУ 21ȟȂփ࣏ᄊ᚞ॗߞჰ‫ڏ‬ȂቮঋϠታ‫ۦ‬ѷᕕӡҍ‫ڽ‬Ȅȶॗᒰ Й཈ԴಿԐߢஃ઻Н഍দྲ୓َȂ‫࣏ـ‬తฆҁে‫ݙ‬ᓷ઻ϭ‫ߞڽ‬Ѝ ֯ȇҁЙ཈࣏Ԑߢ஻ЄаߞϘжЄȂ‫࣏ـ‬૭Դഺৎാ᠈ᢜϯា᠈ཇ ᗾȂ‫ۦ‬୉ᝯᠪ‫҈ؙ‬Ȃ௲‫ڽ‬൵ࢢߞుӯȂૠߞࣿႽȞుϩ 7ȟȄȷ33 ‫ا‬ েӅ༷Դഺৎ഍ᄩϭໞ֤ॗᒰᅆ᚞ॗȞэ‫࣏ێ‬Ԑߢࠫਿൊжȟߞє ӡȄ ॗᒰٟգ࢝ᔛ௜Գєগ᚞ॗȂϵധԯऎҁ‫ࠧڭ‬ѽћЀȃข߰ȃ ‫ ڹ ݕ‬ਵ ߞ ‫ ڗ‬ж Ȃ փ ࣏ ѽ Ԑ ߢ ߞ ‫ ڗ‬ж ‫ ڽ‬త ៈ ഺ ‫ ڱ‬᚞ ॗ ‫ ل‬ਫ਼ Ȅȶ ҁ ٟ գ ੲᑂॠᒘԴԳϯఱП‫ڹ‬ਵߞᡋ࣠‫ڽ‬ཇෳ֋Ўߞಳ໪Ȃుӯᔂߞឍࡍ ϵٟգєӡంૠၐుӯփ‫ߞڽ‬ᡋࢃȌȌҁߞ‫ۦ‬୉ᐱ७ྲߞԐߢࠫ ਿ᎚ӠȂഺ࣏҄ϠօӫϘྲߞుӯȂҹߞᡋࢃԢ੡࿚֋ૠȃ෇ࣿߞ ௄ရȃၐᢸȄȷ 34 ഺৎྲుӯಝઘєӡ᚞ॗȇ๒փȂԯऎॗᒰ֋ሮ ຈԢ᚞ॗԐߢȂ࣏ҁেညКߞϘжЄȂԯթҁះఀѦ༷௱௱ወєȞ‫ڼ‬ ՂѧႵుϟ 26bʂ27 ሃ႐ϟ 8aȃ9ȟȄഺಿԺߞ᚞ॗ‫ࣇۏ‬۶єগȞԴ ుӯᔂ 404 ြ၃ћК൵ьգ 278 ৎ‫ࣇۏ‬ȟ୓຾ЙԢ֯ӡȂ‫ێ‬КϘৎ ࣏ঋ‫ݚ‬՛ᑋۡ੩ߞᡋࢃ۶ᗾ߰ॗᒰߞࡡ዇фࠫ᠖Ȅ ॗᒰߞᗾগᄊҟ҃ԐߢȂҁЙඏႻӡԐߢߞన᝜۶೐ϘϠᇍߞ ল੾ȂϵႻӡԐߢࠫਿߞѯሬȃඔ໪۶ࢥྐȄҁৄӡ᚞ॗߞႤਫ਼Ȃ Й཈࣏ԯҹգ຾႐ྍߞੜ‫ލ‬۶ᘳඔߞϧ༓Ȃϵ࣏ȶౕؓᡝ߰‫ޟ‬Ꭻҁ 32 Fekkes, Isaiah, 48. 33 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 58Ȅ 34 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 66Ȅ

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‫ݙ‬ሲߞ࣏ѽԐߢ֯ऎ௄ᚂȄȷ35 ໱௄෻ࠧ௱ႎᆽԳࢽҍॗᒰళӡ᚞ ॗ၃ћ੡ȂЙඏӡሬȃඔ໪ȃѹ՞ह֬Ȃഺᇌह֬֩ਣ֌ȶ১գ၃ ћ ߞ ० ฀ ۶ ӫ ߞ ȷȄ ॗ ᒰ ੲ ᑂ ҁ ঋ ᗾ Ꭲ ߞ ѹ ᛟ ሃ ᎝ ᛟ Ȟ փ ࠧ ੲ ᑂ ᚞ ॗႤਫ਼ȟ‫ڽ‬ᓴᑄ၃ћȂҁᢖ๒ஐྑчుՑ‫ل‬ਫ਼Ȃ‫ڼ‬Ղѽ֘ຕ੩ȃ֭ ѽನ੩ȃዩঘ‫ڲ׀‬੩ȃ೐ϟѽᘈ‫ڲ‬੩ȃॠ‫׀‬ռ੩ȃॗ ⁙੩‫ ୃ ݙ‬Ⴖߞȇ ๒ փ Ȃȶ પ ‫ ߞ ܠ‬ѹ ᛟ ѧ પ ‫ ߞ ܠ‬੩ ۡ ‫ ـ‬Ґ দ ঋ Ȅ ȷ 36 Й ঋ ᓾ ѽ ऎ ॗ ᒰ ȶ཈‫د‬᚞ॗည֯‫ిܟ‬Ԣ၍ໟՄ‫ۏ‬Ȃళӡཇ೚ߞ໪ወሃ৒᝜ј‫ڽޱ‬ᡛ ՛ҁߞಳ໪Ȅȷ37 ๑ᎢՂ֣Ȃॗᒰ࣏ᔌЎྍཬൄ᚞ॗߞчుඔ໪‫ڽ‬ ᗾগҁৎϠȞ௱ሃ௄ရգᝯȟߞᣍᙇȄ ໱௄෻ӡѽᘈ‫ڲ‬੩ߞ‫ڼ‬Є‫ڽ‬ᝋ‫ށ‬Ȃॗᒰ‫ࢷࠧڭ‬ည੡ߞપ‫־‬ቮঋ ‫ڽ‬єӡֱؓ‫ڽ‬၃ћȂփ࣏ੲᑂ՝งЏߢߞ๘щ៖၃‫ޱ‬Ȅ 38 ҁদ໛៖ ၃ Ȃ ݅ ‫ ݺ‬᚞ ॗ Ԑ ߢ ࠫ ਿ ߞ ၃ ћ দ ᙇ Ȃ ѽ ཇ ೚ ў ‫ ޱ‬є ӡ Ȅȶ ᚣ ຾ ॠ ᒘ ߞుӯȂॗᒰ՘ऎȺЂ೉ҦȻ۶Ԑߢҝᑋನȃႋ៖ȃཇቍഺ‫ࠫڱ‬ਿ ຜҁ‫ݙ‬ง࢞ߞߤ၏Ȅȷ 39 ໱௄෻ᅆుӯᔂ኷֯Ⴥ຀ߞᗓเȂᅆ‫ا‬েգᕒׄȄҁፁሮॗᒰ գᅁቫߞಳ໪၃ᑢȂ๒փుӯᔂЙ཈࣏ᘂᔂഺ‫ڱ‬၃ᑢȂ‫ڹ࣏ـ‬ഺ‫ڱ‬ ၃ᑢࢭ෇১ߐȄ‫ݙ‬ѽঋւዋॗᒰऻ‫ڍ‬ಳ໪ࡈߞ዆ᠩϧȂѽфҁऻ‫ڍ‬ ಳᄊࢢՂ֣፠ᓭ‫ڽ‬࿚Ⴄਫ਼Ȅుӯᔂ࣊ࠧ૷ᇝߞћᐯ֯ࡡȂϵࠧඏඏ ࣏ ᚞ ॗ ၃ ћ ߞ ៖ ၃ ೫ ֯ Ȃ ҹ ༰ Ԫ Ϟ ు ӯ ȃ х ष ۶ ћ ᐯ ኷ ֯ Ȅ 40ȶ ు ӯᔂ࣏ੲᑂಳ໪኷՘ߞȂ‫׈ࠧڭ‬ᒸߞ֯ࡡȄҹళӡߞ၃ћգܽҳН রȂ‫ࠑࠧڭ‬বߞႋ៖Ȅȷ 41 ๒փȂॗᒰዤ኷ుӯᔂȂգ֣৒᝜ϯߞӫߞ۶ຕ‫ލ‬ȉҁঋሲ‫އ‬

35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 69Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 103Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 288Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 191-278Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 289Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 289-90Ȅ գ ᝯ ഺ ᎝ ᛟ Ȃ ண ᔌ ࢢ ߞ ୅ Ꭲ Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 290Ȅ

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ᡝ߰तኃȉঋ԰ຍഺ‫ڱ‬யᛟȂᝯᘣԴ‫ݺ‬ॗᒰࣇྍѽϬৎ‫༵֯ڰ‬ऎు ӯᔂߞ༟‫ܕ‬Ȉ঵ԐȂє‫ڏ‬ൊжᢖӯుӯᔂ࣏ಳᄊ۶Ԑߢࠫਿȇ೐ϟȂ ഺ࣏Ԑߢ‫ۦ‬୉ߞಳ໪ඡ‫ט‬ȇ೐ϬȂ࣏ຜϛిྻߞᚎঋ੩ࠫȄॗᒰ౻ ྾ሲ‫ށ‬ഺ‫ڱ‬੩ࠫউӠ֋ҁ‫ߞڍऻݙ‬ಳ໪ȞѧႵుϟ 1ȃ8ȃ12ȟȄҁ ቮঋ኷ࠫຜᡝ߰Ȃԯऎҁည੡‫ڗ‬഍ߞԳўሃҁেह໼࢝ቈȂϵҞକ ԯऎҁেᅚ‫ݺ‬త՜௄ရਵߞᡋࢃ੩ࠫȞϵധ࣏ȶॠᒘ‫ࠝߞྑݙ‬ਵȷ ሃ ࠲ ᜲ ߞ ੩ ࠫ ȟȄ ు ӯ ᔂ҇ ᆕԅ ໗Ց Ȟ forensicȟ ߞ ሬ ᎠȂ ԑϧ രަ ‫ݺ‬ऎၐਵߞг၍Ӏх۶Ӧ৙Ȅ೐ϟ֌Ϭൢߞᇟᚎ੩ࠫࣇྍళӡഺᇌ ሬᎠȂ‫ا‬েЙӡྏۖᢘതȄഺ‫ڱ‬੩ࠫҒ‫ף‬ᚎঋߞ༟ඞӨȂѽ࢙Ӳ‫ڤ‬ ֜ೣ࿂ᗾ߰Ȟබ࣏௄ရȂిྻߞ኶ֿ‫ܡ‬ȟߞࡡ዇۶ᡋࢃȇ๒ࢢࢽҍ ྻ ಿ ߞ ။ ֖ Ȃ ᇍ ᣙ ҁ ে ߞ Հ ֖ ऎ Ȃ ഺ ՘ ऎ ੩ ࠫ ߞ ൘ গ ൊ ж Ȟ the narratioȟȇᔌࢢ࣏Ϙാ֚ឍࡍȂُ༡ిྻൌԧգЙԢȂ൵ࢢ࣏ᇟ ᚎ ߞ‫҄ۻ‬Ȃ‫ח‬۳ҁেঋᡘంၐᢸԨಿిྻ‫ݙ‬ሲߞ႖ȞѧႵϟ 7ȃ11ȃ 17ȂϬ 6ȃ13ȃ22ȟȄഺ‫ࢽࠧڭ҄ۻ‬ϛࢋ੩ࠫК෩фߞࠫਿȂփ࣏ᔌ ࢢӤ೐ұൢ༟‫ߞܕ‬аਟȄ ஄ॶຜϛిྻߞ੩࣏ࠫుӯᔂߞє‫ڏ‬Ȃ೐ұ֌ϟϩϟൢබ࣏ч ుՑԐߢࠫਿȂ࣏ၐᢸԨ‫ݙ‬գిྻ‫ݙ‬ሲߞ႖Ȅഺ‫ڱ‬ԐߢࠫਿҒࣁ໛ ᄊ‫ل‬ਫ਼Ȃᅹ՘ᇍऎನ‫ݑ‬Ȟlogoiȟ‫ݕ‬Ԑ‫ߞڍ‬ᎢᑂȂऎঋሲ‫އ‬ᡝ߰઻ѕ ੩ࠫߞឍࡍȄॗᒰѹঋѽӐѵሃ‫ڽ‬ѵߞ฀޶‫ڽ‬њࢺҁߞឍࡍȂሲ‫ށ‬ ݅ѕఀർ߰ӅఀጨᎫȂЙ݅ҵీ߰ӅఀᜂᇳȄॗᒰ෬ӯчϯӒ๴Ӡ तኃ‫ڰ‬Ȃ௟‫ڽ‬ϫྻ๴Ӡतኃ‫ڰ‬Ȟணұ 1ȟȂӫߞЙ཈࣏Չዐ݅ѕߞࠫ ਵȂȶഺ‫ڱ‬৒᝜ߞґӡ࣏ঋ‫ؼ‬ᢏᡝ߰಩Ыߞྐ‫ޱ‬Ȅȷ 42 ᘵ ๒ ు ӯ ᔂ ‫ ڹ‬ӡ ឍ ሲ Ց ۶ ໵ ჵ Ց ৒ ᝜ Ȟ deliberative and epideictic rhetoricȟȞ ‫ ڼ‬Ղ ྰ ࢵ ߞ ඞ ฀ ȟȂ ֭ ᑋ ৎ ࣛ ᅹ ࠧ ௱ ୨ Ԫ ԅ ໗ Ց৒᝜ߞપወȄ෺ླྀ৖೻ȞE. Schüssler Florenzaȟ౻྾ႋ៖Ȉ

42 R. Royalty, The Streets of Heaven: The Ideology of Wealth in the Apocalypse of John (Macon: Mercer University Press, 1998), 128.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ഺ Ϭ ᇌ ጀ Ց ߞ ৒ ᝜ Ȉ ឍ ሲ Ց ȃ ԅ ໗ Ց ȃ ᚃ ኇ Ց Ȟ ceremonialȟ ೡ ՘ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ Й Ԣ ൊ жȄ੩ К ߞ ు ӯȃ੩ ࠫ ࣛ ᅹȃ۲ ඓ ྻ ಿ ւ ዋȂѽфஇٙ‫ܠ‬Ȃൌ๴෭ϞឍሲՑ৒᝜ߞґକȄ੩Кߞఠ໦ȃ ់‫ט‬ȃ൘গૠߞ኶ֿȃᕕധᎫຠᇳ෋Ȃഺൌ៳‫ݺ‬ԅ໗Ց৒᝜ȇ թ ҳȂ෡ গ ч ϯ ߞ ྰ ࢵ ۶Ȃൌ ࣏ ᚃ ኇ Ց ৒ ᝜Ȅԯ թȂॶ ሮ ऎ Ϙ ᇌ ৒ ᝜ ѧ ҩ Ϙ ᇌ ᔹ ർȂ‫ ڭ‬ѷ х ᅆ ҹȂҪ ྻ ‫ ׸‬ᜣȞ փ ࠧ Ґ ኧȟ‫ا‬ ে ᅆ ၃ ћ ߞ ನ ႋ Ȅ 43

๒փȂుӯᔂ‫ށ‬ᢖߞ৒᝜࣏ԅ໗Ց৒᝜ȄॗᒰЙ཈ӡૌನՉዐ ᡝ߰ȈૠԴчϯȂգϘчေߏሃѵधߞᝯ࠼ࢭ෇Ӓ௱Ȃϵ۲ඓҁে ԯऎ௟ঋ‫ڽ‬ᗜߞాᡞ኶ֿփ੄‫ؼ‬ȃहࠫȃ֖၍ȄҁϵᄘႏѽҩϘৎ ‫࢘ڎ‬ҝऻഺৎѵधȂ௲ҍૠԴᑢҫКЙᙝ֯ЍȄԅ໗Ց৒᝜ߞКѕ ៉ᛟ࣏г၍Ȅੲᑂ Rhetorica ad Herrennium 3.3.4Ȉ ஄ॶ‫ا‬েࠑ‫ށ‬ѽྏᑬ‫ڽ‬԰ඡႍ‫ۦ‬ᎫߞϠ࣏ᏋညߞȌȌ஄ॶ‫ا‬ ে௻ધѹ௺ᕕѽጤѕ‫ࢺڽ‬ՇࠫѕȌȌ஄ॶ‫ا‬েᗏᇍᗑဖሃу ᎖ ᕕ ႍ ൯ ‫ ۦ‬ප ௣ ȇ ஄ ॶ ‫ ا‬ে ౻ ྾ ߢ Ⴝ Ȃ ϯ ч Ꭼ П ѭ ӓ ȃ ૠेȃ ૟ ஼ ߞ ч ᚚ Ӆ ༷ ‫ ݚ‬ᑉȇ஄ ॶ ‫ ا‬ে ி ࢺ ѹ ࢉȃѹ ᠪȃᓐ ៳ ۶௓ࢄ ߞ ᝯ ࠼ ᕕ Ґ ѽ ᇯ ᜭ ȇ ஄ ॶ ‫ ا‬ে ࠑ ‫ ށ‬ጨ Ꭻ ȃ ඈ Հ ȃ ԟ ᝱ ȃ ЩࢬȂ ൌЙକ‫اڹ‬েᛓ༟ӒႽȄȌȌ‫ا‬েྻѽг၍ऎѹᛟȄ

ుӯᔂϧ൘ૠ୨‫ۦ‬ප௣۶‫ڰއ‬Ȃϫ࠲ᝋૠӅ֩௺г၍Ȅ ుӯᔂߞಳ໪ሃдໟգധԺ႒௺ߞ৒᝜Ȃഺሃԅ໗Ց৒᝜Ϙ ७Ȅ

೐Ϙѵ॔ߞԅ໗Ց৒᝜௱࣏႒௺ߞȂഺ࣏᠜ᝋߞঋ૵Ȅ๒փȂ

ঋзୃుӯᔂ᠜ᝋߞаਟ࣏ᝯ‫ݺ‬ૌᅁߞϠߏ۶ᅁᢜȄుӯᔂߞሬ‫ڏ‬

43 E. Fiorenza, Revelation: Vision of a Just World (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991), 26. 44 ᙖ Ђ Ȟ Amplificationȟ ທ ࠧ Ҫ ࣏ ໵ ჵ Ց ৒ ᝜ ߞ પ ֒ Ȃ ‫ ێ‬᏶ ‫ ی‬ᇌ ৒ ᝜ Ԣ ዹ գ թ પ֒Ȅ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

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Й࣏ࢷՄ၍ߡత෡গȇ๒փȂҹЪ࣏գ‫ࢽݙ‬ԨߞȄ R. RoyaltyȞᜲ‫ڲ‬ᆬ㣩ȟᅆుӯᔂߞ৒᝜ु‫࢝ٿ‬գᕒׄȂҁ௻Ꭰ ഺ ੩ ۡ ߞ પ ֒ ࣏ ঋ ِ ᡝ ߰ ȶ ᡘ ȷȂ බ ࣏ γ Ԥ Ն ‫ ޟ‬Ȃ ൷ ᔖ ࿋ ᠙ Ȅ 45 ᜲ ‫ڲ‬ᆬ㣩෩ᓹ‫ا‬েȂԅ໗Ց৒᝜ߞҳᝋȂՂᝋϠ‫ޱݕ‬ਲћឥߞᝋᑂȂ ‫ۍ‬ᝯᘣ֯ӡȄԴॗᒰߞ഍ᄩКȂᡝ߰௄ӎहࠫၐ၃۶Ԑߢߞ႖Ȃҁ ‫ݙ‬ᓴۤߞႤਫ਼ం᚞ॗ۶ॠᒘߞࣿႽփ‫ڽ‬ȂҞକഺ‫࣏߰ی‬ҁ‫ݙ‬କ໦᎜ ߞ൵୼ᡋࢃȂକ҄ᡝ߰઻ѕҁߞឍࡍȄ௄ရည๒࣏൵գж༓ߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋ ϠȂ๒փॗᒰϵ໦᎜‫ێ‬ҁ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠȂҒࣁుӯᔂ೐ϩϘൢߞԐߢϠ ߏȄ 46 ҁߞᡝ߰૭Դчϯߞ‫ޱ‬ਲȂ೮ᡘ҄Ϡফ‫ڍߞއ‬ᝋȞҒࣁઆႽ Ѐ ‫ ݙ‬ሲ ߞ ȟȂ ഺ ෩ ᓹ ҁ ে Ȃ Գ ϯ ߞ ‫ ޱ‬ਲ ሃ ኶ ֿ Й କ ҽ Ҡ ҁ ে ߞ Ϡ Ӡ ຕ؊Ȅ೐ұ֌ϟϩϘൢ៳‫ܡ‬ўћԆȂϫ࣏ుӯߞদѕȂ཈ᏋԪԅ໗ Ցߞ०฀ȂԴ‫ޱ‬ਲႆ෬༟۶ሪᡝȄᡘಿఀ຾ՉዐȂԯऎૠߞ໗࣏ٙ Ӆ๒ߞຕ‫ލ‬ȈգϘчȂ݅ѕߞӅఀർȂ֯෋ߞӅ‫ ۦ‬኶ֿȄሃթԢ੡Ȃ ᡝ߰Ӆ༷࠲ࢺ݅ѕȂऎ֋Ўߞ။֖ȃঽࢦȃ‫݋‬ᕘ੄‫ؼ‬Ȅᔌ຾੩ۡߞ Ԟജ෬༟Ȃૠాᡞߞ኶ֿࢷ੡ؔുَਣ༟Ȃϵ࠳་Ϟഺৎຕ‫ލ‬Ȅ ҙ‫ݛ‬ᆔȞ A. D. Callahanȟ௻Ꭰుӯᔂߞᆊᜯપ֒Ȉ ॗᒰ۲ඓࡈ‫ڽ‬೮ᡘుӯᔂߞᡘಿঋ‫ؼ‬ᢏȄ೐Ϙ‫ز‬ᡘಿᇸ༰Ϙ ୓ȂЙ཈ ঋ ᡘ ۤ ઐ ਿȂփ ࣏ঋ ‫ ؼ‬ᢏȂԴ ྍ ᝊ ϯ ၃ ᑢ ༰ ᢜ ߞ ᚼ ᢏȄ हѧНϭȂഺᇌงౕ‫ڹ‬಩҃ৎϠሃ၏ᢜߞሪᡝᢏఀ౮๑ኊৃ Ȟ ሪ ᡝ ᓷ ᢤ Ҟ କ ࣏ ‫ ڼ‬ҳ ȟȄ ঋ Ђ ᗏ ሪ ᡝ ు ӯ ᔂ Ȃ ೮ ᡘ ഺ ᇌ Ђ ᗏ ߞ ሪ ᡝ ࣏ գ ੜ ߞȈᚣ ຾ ੩ К ߞ ឍ ࡍ ۶ ۲ ඄ȃࢃ ᕂ ۶ ჩ ᠩȂሪᡝ ు ӯ ᔂ କ ྏ ஜ ᡘ ಿ Ȃ ዆ ᠩ ҁ ে ȇ ၃ ћ ᅆ ҁ ে ୓ Ϟ ֯ ӡ Ȅ 47

ऎঋሲ‫އ‬ᡘಿȂుӯᔂᢖ๒ళӡ௄ӎߞ৒᝜ጀՑȄᗾ߰঵ԐԴ

45 Royalty, The Streets of Heaven, 127. 46 Royalty, The Streets of Heaven, 132 ȇȶ ు ӯ ᔂ ႆ ಳ ໪ ߞ ґ କ ࣏ ֯ ऎ ҳ Դ ᝋ ᑂ Ȍ Ȍ ȷȄ 47 A. D. Callahan, "Language of the Apocalypse," HTR 88 (1995): 460.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ᡘಿညК࢙ӲৎϠᡋࢃȞє‫ڏ‬ႆॗᒰ‫ۦ‬୉ߞಳ໪۶ຜϛిྻߞ੩ࠫ ᝋ ‫ ށ‬ҁ գ ഺ ў ব ߞ ᡋ ࢃ ȟȄ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ಳ ໪ ࣏ ҁ ߞ Ꭲ ᝋ Ȃ ࣏ ‫ ֋ ڽ‬ೣ ࿂ ߞ ᡋ ࢃ ˕˕ ࣿ Ⴝ Ȟ ॠ ᒘ ȟ ሃ ኷ ՘ ߞ Ⴝ Ȟ ၐ ၃ ȟȂ ҁ Ꭲ ᝋ ϯ ߞ ᡋ ࢃ ం փ ᖔ ఀ ߺ ‫ ܠ‬Ȅ ൵ ࢢ ໦ ᎜ ‫ ݺ‬ఐ ྏ ߞ ᡋ ࢃ Ȃ ഺ ੡ Ȃ ᑬ ఐ Ȟ pathosȟ ߞ ৒ ᝜බକಯӠ֯ӡȄԴҁেӒ‫ࢃۦ‬ঝȃԟᑟদদНቫȂॗᒰೣ‫ݺ‬Ԩᡝ ߰෬༟ాᡞߞ௴ᅌȂૠᕕധҁেȂ઼ઽȃଽցȃժϸȃ‫ॴۦ‬ሃ෌ཋ ௟ঋೣຕȞணుϟϩʂϟϩϟൢȟ ȄԴ৒᝜ϯȂ ȶࡡ዇ȷ ȶ ನ‫ݑ‬ȷ Ȟ Logosȟ ȶᑬఐȷԑൌҍ಩ԴుӯᔂߞᏋည֜၉ȇ‫޶֣ـ‬Ȃգ‫ށ‬ᢖᝋᑂᢖӯ ॗᒰళӡપઅߞ৒᝜‫ث‬ҼȂՂদᡑ‫ݕ‬ᚼతаਟߞാᛆຕᅹȄ੬੾а ֹȞ B. W. Longeneckerȟሲ‫ށ‬ుӯᔂϟϩϟൢ 6 ֌ 9 ြ҇жᢖᠨഺ ᇌ‫ث‬ҼȂႍ഍Դ೐Ϙৎѹᛟᘘӏຕ‫ف‬НࡈȂබԐЬ೜ϭϘৎѹᛟȂ ๒ࢢЖᗁຕԐࡈߞᎢᙇȄഺᇌ‫ث‬ҼԢዹ‫ݺڍ‬Ϭൢ 21 ֌ 22 ြȂႍ഍ ԐЬ೜೐ұ֌УൢߞаਟȂ๒ࢢЖᗁຕ೐Ϭൢߞ୅ᎢȄ‫ݿ‬෩‫׀‬ՉԴ Inst. Or. 9.4.129-30 ୅ᎢՂ֣‫ڹ‬ӡഺᇌ‫ث‬ҼȄ48 ਯᆬӞȞD. De Silvaȟ ቲႎ೟ԳࢽҍȂॗᒰߞ৒᝜ຉರ࣏ᅷ᠖ᗾᎢȞhonor discourseȟȂᄁ ᔽৃఀᣙᎫߞϠ۶ఀർ߰Ȃ‫ڭ‬೧୘‫ڱڤ‬༶ᕕഺѵधߞᅷឹփࠧૠᅷ ឹߞϠȄ 49 թҳȂుӯᔂ௱ѽఐྏಝஜᡝ߰Ȃ୵Ϟ਻៵۶ዙࢤȂϵ Ғࣁࠫԇ۶ྑȄ࣏֭Ȃഺᇌ৒᝜ж‫ޘ‬ٟգႎ೟‫ט‬໦‫ا‬েգᝯుӯᔂ ߞ؈ᣍຕᅹȄ಩Դ‫ا‬েঋ᎘Ꭲഺ᎝ᛟȄ 50 48 ண B. W. Longenecker, "'Linked like a Chain': Rev. 22.6-9 in Light of Ancient Transition Technique," NTS 47 (2001): 105-17ȄႬ ‫ ݿ‬෩ ‫ ׀‬Չ ѧ ႵȂண Lucian, How to Write History, Loeb Classical Library Editions (Cambridge: Harvard University Press), 55Ȅ 49 D. de Silva, "Honor Discourse and the Rhetorical Strategy of the Apocalypse of John," JSNT 71 (1998): 79-110. 50 ు ӯ ᔂ ϟ ֌ ೐ Ϭ ൢ ߞ ੩ ࠫ ᝋ ‫ ށ‬ॗ ᒰ ళ ӡ Ϟ ৒ ᝜ ‫ ޱ‬Ȃ ‫ ێ‬К ߞ ࡡ ዇ ȃ ನ ‫ ݑ‬ȃ ᑬ ఐ ԴᗾগКᢖӯҍ‫ڽ‬ȄթҳȂॗᒰళӡᏋညߞඔ໪ȃᣍ݇ȃў‫ޱ‬Ȃ༰К‫ݺ‬ԅ໗ Ց৒᝜Ȅుӯᔂߞаਟሃ‫ܡ‬ўћԆȃ‫ڍ‬ᝋȃ኶ֿຈहᝯȄԓ߰Ȃഺ‫࣏ڱ‬ॗᒰ ళ ӡ ৒ ᝜ ‫ ث‬Ҽ ߞ ‫ ڼ‬Є ȂՂ ാ ᛆ ຕ ᅹȞ interlocking structureȟȄ๒ փ Ȃॗ ᒰ ߞ ৒ ᝜ ᝱ գ ႎ ೟ Ђ ᇩȞ Й ᄊ ࠲ ᜲ ੩ ࠫ ȟȂԯ ऎ ҹ գ ‫ ࣏ ڱ‬൘ গȂգ ‫ ࣏ ڱ‬ч ు Ց Ԑ ߢ ࠫ ਿȂഺЂ७ٙ‫ܠ‬ҁՂ֣௟ҁߞ‫ل‬ਫ਼ࠑႿҍ‫ڽ‬ȄԯթȂుӯᔂߞ৒᝜ж‫ޘ‬ቮঋ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

֯߰ࢨዹೡᚐȃদೡȞ‫ـ‬Հߞሲ‫ޱ‬ȟ‫ڽ‬࿚Ⴄਫ਼ȉഺ᎝ᛟԴుӯ ᔂߞᐯങु‫ٿ‬К࿂‫៉ߋۍ‬Ȅుӯᔂߞѹঋࣱၢ࣏ࢷ੡ؔୃႶȂߡۖ ѵधӐџȂᘘ࣏ࢷѹᛟ፠వȉ঵ԐȂӒՂ෺ླྀ৖೻۶Ғᓊຈᐯ߰‫ݙ‬ ϧ‫ߞڏ‬Ȃుӯᔂӎ‫ڗ‬ᢖӯҹ࣏ࡈࢢϘ७ߞȂԯԑ੩ߞѹঋ໪ወሃѹ ՞ӡ‫ޱ‬Ϙ७Ȅԓ߰Ȃుӯᔂ೐Ϙൢߞಳ໪є་೐ϟ֌Ϭൢߞ੩ࠫȂ ϵ գ ᐯ ߰ Ղ ሿ પ Ժ Ȟ L. Hurtadoȟ ሃ ѧ ෻ ‫ ׀‬ᔵ ‫ ڧ‬Ȟ G. R. BeasleyMurrayȟሮऎుӯᔂұ֌Уൢє་ుӯᔂߞѹᢜȄ ుӯᔂߞᑬધߋᎢ༰КԴుӯᔂб֌ϩϝൢȂഺ࣏Ϙാ֚ࢷ੡ ؔߞుӯȂᘘ࣏‫ڹ‬ӡϟদ‫ݕ‬Ϭদߞদ᎑ ‫ࠑڽ‬ႿहԢߞ‫ڀ‬ԕȉϛԞȃ ϛၳȃϛ‫ޓ‬Ȟ‫ݕ‬ϛဦȟ࣏‫׎‬෡গहԢߞ‫ڰ‬ᅁȂ‫ݕ‬ညКգਮಳȉ‫ا‬ে ҞѧႵϩϘൢ 15 ြ୓ߞ၃ћሃϩбൢ 17 ြȂሮऎഺ‫ڱ‬ಳ໪ྻԴӐ џႿ֌୼ਪȄᢼೀऻ‫ڽ‬Ȃ೐ϛԞ֬Ѽ࣏є་ϛၳߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȄ࣏֭ഺ‫ڍ‬ ႋ Й କ ՘ Ӳ Ȃ ԯ ऎ ೐ б Ԟ ֬ Ѽ ࣏ ᅆ ѵ ध Ӑ џ ߞ Ӡ ஜ ෡ ኷ Ȟ ண б 12 ୓ȟȂੲᑂԐࡈߞ‫ڀ‬ԕȂᔌࢢߞ ϛৎ ኶ֿЙ཈দ᎑Ԑࡈߞ ϛৎ኶ֿ Ȃ ‫ڭ‬ѷఀѽ༟ਣ۶ᙖ௺Ȃ௟‫ڤ‬हԢߞ‫ڰ‬ᅁȂѽ‫ـ‬౻෽۶‫ـ‬ነધߞ຀࢘ ෬ӯҍ‫ڽ‬ȂබՀᄊ៷዆ਰԴԢϘৎඞ฀ۤఀϘৎႵᘮЂሃႵႎ೟ߞ ๏ᙇȄႵ‫ߞڸ‬ሲ‫ޱ‬Ȃϛߞ‫ڀ‬ԕߞদ㣯࣏Ȉ೐ϟৎ‫ڀ‬ԕ༟‫ݺܕ‬೐Ϙৎ ‫ڀ‬ԕߞຕ‫ف‬НࡈȂ་ϘَཇႿࠫਿȂփ೐Ϭৎ‫ڀ‬ԕԴ೐ϟৎ‫ڀ‬ԕߞ К༡‫ݚ‬తȂ‫ـ‬་ϘَཇႿࠫਿȄ 51 ҩϘߋᎢ࣏ుӯᔂߞຕᅹȂҹඛᚒ೐ϛൢሃϩൢ 1 ြ֌ϩϘൢ 13 ြчϯྰࢵߞఐ฀Ȅॶሮऎഺ‫ࣱڱ‬ၢԴ੡ؔߞୃᔂϯ࣏գྍ၍ߞ ӀᓊȂঋւዋ‫ێ‬ҁԯ૵Ȅ 51 Ӈ ৎ ѧ ඔȂഺ Հ ᄊ Դ ਆ ҄ ᖉ ஭ ஘ ᆇȂታ ஭ ߞ Ϡ ሲȈȶ ೐ ϟ ြ ሃ ೐ Ϙ ြ ह ԢȂರ ऎ Ђ ᗏ ᙇ ۶ ಠ ધ ᙇȄȷJ. L. Resseguie, Revelation Unsealed: A Narrative Critical Approach to John’s Apocalypse (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 160-66Ȃ ҁ ౻ ྾ ሲ ‫ ށ‬ঋ ᙇ দ গȞ recapitulationȟգ ទ দ ਴ ᙇȂэ ‫ ࣏ ێ‬ϩ У 1 ࢽ ҍ ഺ ϛ ৎ ኶ ֿ ࣏ ൵ ࢢ ߞ ‫ڀ‬ ԕȂሃԐࡈߞ‫ی‬ৎ‫ڀ‬ԕգ‫ݙ‬ЙԢȄԓ߰Ȃ೐ϛԞ෬༟НࢢȂчϯᔖᔵȂഺ‫ڭ‬ ࠧ Ӑ џ ߞ ୈ ၳ Ȃ փ ࣏ ऎ ঋ ᢰ ၐ ਵ ߞ ᜤ ‫ ט‬ఀ ላ ࡬ ᡘ Ȅ ჩ ཫ Ԡ ॠ Ȟ Resseguieȟ ϵ ௻ᎠȂॗᒰྐᢖӯԴ൵ࢢ኶ֿࡈȂૠྻӡᆽԧᇌҞକߞў‫ޱ‬ȂຜϠ੄‫ߞؼ‬੡ ༡ȂϘാ֚ߞࠐَ኶ֿᢖӯഺৎૠᐯࢥྐȄ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ዶ ஃ Ȟ ‫ ݕ‬෧ ա ȟȂ ‫ ࠧ ڭ‬ᛓ ᛟ Ȃ ഺ ‫ ڍ‬ႋ գ а Դ ߞ ய ᛟ Ȅ ഺ ‫ ڱ‬႐ ᆇ ႋ ៖ ۶ႃ҇੩Кߞ໛ᄊ۶ညᡘߞ႖Ȃ෺ླྀ৖೻ሮऎҹেՀᄊؓ᜷ᆇաߞ ஘ᆇȄႵ‫ߞڸ‬ሲ‫࣏ޱ‬Ȃഺ࣏ૠߞໜ៖Ȃබᄊ‫ޱ‬ਲୃ߰ਣౕ‫ڰ‬Ԇߞ๴ ਣȄ‫ێ‬ᅁȂ೐ϛൢሃ೐ϩ֌ϩϘൢѽҳᘘգധԺ႐ᆇȂ‫ا‬েϵҞѧ Ⴕϩϟൢ 10 ြȃϩұൢ 1 ֌ 5 ြȃϩУൢ 2 ֌ 4 ြȃϩϝൢ 1 ֌ 9 ြ۶ϟϩൢ 4 ֌ 6 ြȄഺ‫ڱ‬႐ᆇЙ཈࣏ໜ៖Ȃϵ࣏ᣙग़чϯళۤߞ ֖ஜȄ ϵധԯऎుӯᔂߞຕᅹ᎑ᛔȂѽ७Ϙ‫ڱ‬Ϡᅆຕᅹߞயᛟ෩‫ڻ‬Ⴥ жᚎඏߞႋ៖Ȃ‫ڼ‬ՂգߞሮऎϘൢ 9 ြ֌Ϭൢ 22 ြ࣏ᝯ‫ݺ‬಩Դߞ ‫ڰ‬Ȃұൢ 1 ြ֌ϟϩϟൢ 5 ြ࣏௟‫ڰߞڽ‬Ȅഺႋ៖Йକ؆ԑ҄Ϡᆕ ྍȂЙඏԯऎϛৎ኶ֿߞϬদຕᅹȂᘘգ೐Ϭ֌ұൢদᡑߞᣍ݇۶ ϠߏȂϵԯऎ೐ϩϘൢ֬Ѽ᎘Ꭲၐ࿒Ⴥҝജ࿑ߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȄթҳȂϵ᎛ ઻ྍұൢ 2 ြ೐Ϙ‫ޑ‬ၳߞᗏরሃϘൢ 10 ֌ 12 ြԃ֚ဴߞᗏরहԢȄ ෺ླྀ৖೻෩ҍӹϽӀ֖ຕᅹȂѽϩൢ 1 ြ֌ϩУൢ 4 ြ֯ऎు ӯᔂߞКѕࣱၢȈ A! Ϙ 1ʂ8! ! ! B Ϙ 9ʂϬ 22 ! ! ! ! C ұ 1ʂϝ 21ȂϩϘ 15ʂ19 ! ! ! ! ! ! D ϩ 1ʂϩУ 4 ! ! ! ! C' ϩУ 1ȃ5ʂϩϝ 10 ! ! B' ϩϝ 11ʂϟϩϟ 9 A' ϟϩϟ 10ʂ21 52 ‫ێ‬ᅁ C Ғ‫یף‬ৎࣱၢȂփЙ࣏ϘৎȂփ C' ϵರჅࣙ‫ڱ‬аਟȂ ‫ږ‬ѽᝋ‫ށ‬ഺຕᅹգᙇಝ௻Ȅ๒փȂ෺ླྀ৖೻Ӓፁࢽҍుӯᔂ‫ڹ‬ӡϞ 52 Դ ഺ ў ব Ȃ Ҟ ѧ Ⴕ ۶ ᅆ ѧ Ձ ߞ ՝ ง ֯ ࡡ Ȃ The Book of Revelation: Justice and Judgment (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985), 159-80 ሃ Ձ ߞ ࢢ ง ֯ ࡡ Ȃ Revelation, 27-37Ȃ ᐐ ᇒ Ձ ѹ ௺ ӹ Ͻ Ӏ ֖ Ȟ 35-36ȟȄ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

Ӏ֖‫ثߞޱ‬ҼȂ۶ࣙ຀࢘ߞঋᙇদগȄC ࣱၢ࣏‫ށ‬ᢖߞ‫ڼ‬ЄȂᢖӯ ॗᒰ‫ڹ‬ӡӀ֖‫ޱ‬ȄԠҿ‫ޒ‬ȞC. H. Giblinȟࢽҍుӯᔂϩϛൢ 1 ြ֌ ϩϝൢ 10 ြሃϟϩϘൢ 9 ြ֌ϟϩϟൢ 11 ြӀ֖Ȃ‫ࣱی‬၃ћᅆ࿰ ‫ی‬ਲ਼ЂࡱȂϘৎ‫ڢ‬෋ȂϘৎग़ՀȂգՂᝡЄߞх࿰Ȅ 53 ๒փȂഺӀ ֖ᢜߞપઅ‫ڼ‬Є‫ݕ‬ຕᅹϯߞঋᙇদগ‫ڭ‬Йࠑӯ᎑ሦȂഺ‫ࣱی‬၃ћ‫ڭ‬ Й࣏ᅆहԢ‫ڰ‬Ԇߞӹฆ୅ᎢȄ Ғᓊᅆుӯᔂຕᅹ۶ᅹ՘ߞ୅ᎢҞକ൵କᕒׄ‫ا‬েȂ54 Йඏԯ ऎҁࢽҍ‫֜ی‬௻Ꭰঋᙇদগߞᐯ߰۶‫ڱڤ‬௻Ꭰ೐б֌ϩϝൢᆙ་ ൘গߞᐯ߰Ҫ࣏ൊжӒፁȄҁ௻ᎠుӯᔂߞຕᅹȂ֯ऎನႋԑ੩ߞ ᝯᘣȂ‫ا‬েӅ༷ঋᚣϾཇߞᆊᜯ‫ڽ‬ᓰᝊȞϘ 3ȟȂ55 ഺᇌᆊᜯঋِ౻ ෽ߞሬ‫ڏ‬ዾୃȂබ࣏দ᎑ᣑໟሃѹঋѯሬȄࢷҒᓊߞ‫ڍ‬ႋȂႋ៖ు ӯᔂຕᅹߞঋഥԴϘൢ 10 ြȃұൢ 2 ြȃϩϛൢ 3 ြ۶ϟϩϘൢ 10 ြߞȶԴᢸႆȷȞணȮၐ၃ྲ៌ӎȯȟȂұൢ 2 ြႬϘൢ 10 ြ؆ԑ ϘዹȞ‫ا‬ԴᢸႆȟȂփࢢ‫ی‬ৎ௄ӎϯ‫؛‬ՑहԢȂȶԴᢸႆȦч‫ڹ‬ȧ‫د‬ ‫ا‬௲‫ڕ‬ȷȟȄϘൢ 9 ֌ 10 ြ༟‫ܕ‬൵ࠐߞಳ໪ȇұൢ 2 ြ࣏ಳ໪၃ᑢ ߞ೐ϟৎ༟‫ܕ‬ȇϩϛൢ 3 ြሃϟϩϘൢ 10 ြ࣏൵ࢢ‫ی‬ৎӀ֖ಳ໪ ߞ༟‫ܕ‬Ȅ56 ుӯᔂϩϛൢ 11 ြ֌ϩϝൢ 10 ြሃϟϩϘൢ 9 ြ֌ϟ ϩϟൢ 9 ြ௟‫ی‬ਲ਼ࡱ෡ᜱ՘௎ϠȂഺ‫ی‬ৎࣱၢృগྲॠႮዩֽۤ҃ ജ ࿑ ߞ ѐ ѧ ৖ ࡱ Ȃ ԑ ੩ จ ຾ ഺ ৎ ຕ Ꭲ ᘙ ་ Ȅȶ ည ᡌ ۲ ѐ ѧ ৖ ཉ ᚬ ߞ ᗏরຕ‫ࢢف‬Ȃᔌ‫ଁטࢆ׈‬տሃྲ௎ߞ௓ਜȞϩϝ 7ʂ9aȟȂഺ‫ی‬ৎӀ ࣱ֖ၢ་ϘَᢖӯҹেਿਿहᝯȄȷ57 Ғᓊሮऎϟϩϟൢ 6 ֌ 9 ြ ࣏ᚼత၃ћȂᗁຕ൵ࢢߞѹঋࣱၢȂంփє་ຕሬȄ೐ϩϛൢሃ೐ ϟϩϘൢߞӀ֖ࠑӯȂഺ‫ی‬ৎࣱၢН༡ߞ‫ل‬ਫ਼Ȟϩϝ 11ʂϟϩϘ 8ȟ

53 54 55 56 57

C. H. Giblin, "Recapitulation and John’s Apocalypse," CBQ 56 (1994): 81-95. ண Bauckham, Climax of Prophecy, 1-37Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 1-2Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 3-4Ȅ Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 5Ȅ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

Ӆ༷ജ໛ऎѐѧ৖಍ϸሃྲॠႮዩֽফᗜН༡ߞᚼతȂ58 ҹЙକԴ ѐѧ৖಍ϸНࡈ๴ӠȄ 59 Ғᓊϵਣӯ੩Кᛟ՞࣏ാᛆদ᎑ߞȂ‫ڼ‬ՂॗᒰԴϘൢ 10 ֌ 11 ြ‫ݙ‬ᡘ‫ߞڍ‬ᗏরሃұൢ 1 ြߞᗏরहԢȂϩϛൢ 1 ြሃϟϩϘൢ 9 ြК‫د‬ಳ໪ࢽຜॗᒰऻߞч‫ڹ‬Ȃබ࣏೐ϩУ֌ϩбൢႆ௟ဦȞ‫ޓݕ‬ȟ ཉ৆ߞϛ֜ч‫ێߞڹ‬КϘ֜Ȅ 60 թҳȂҁऎϛৎ኶ֿߞϬদຕᅹ෩ ‫ڻ‬ᛝҳߞ௄ᚂȞഺϬদຕᅹҞକѽᆙ་ȃ‫ـ‬௻ધȃ‫ـ‬؆ԑߞўՑ෡ গ Ԣ Ϙ ৎ ‫ ڰ‬ᅁ ȟȂ ԯ ऎ ҹ ে ԑ ൌ ళ ӡ ह Ԣ ߞ ൵ ࢢ ኶ ֿ ‫ ڽ‬ᗁ ຕ Ȃ ഺ ሲ ‫࣏ޱ‬ԯऎႪៜȃରႫȃӴᎪȃσႬԴұൢ 5 ြȃϣൢ 5 ြȃϩϘൢ 19 ြȃϩбൢ 18 ֌ 21 ြѽЙԢըؔদ᎑ҍ಩ȇഺѯሬ࣏ҍ਄фୃ ϩϝൢ 16 ြߞ୞ᠩȄȶ֯߰ళӡদ㣯‫ݕ‬ӹᚐߞ‫ث‬Ҽ௟ϛԞാతۖϛ ၳ ȷȄ 61 Ғ ᓊ ሮ ऎ ϛ ဦ ‫ ڀ‬ԕ ࣏ ం ೐ ϛ ၳ ๴ ਣ ҍ ‫ ڽ‬Ȃ փ Ϭ ৎ ᇋ ‫ ࡋ ٭‬ຈ Ԣ൵ࢢϬၳߞ኶ֿȄ ҒᓊަྍۖҩϘ᎑ᛔຕᅹȂබ࣏ȶ೐б֌ϩϘൢാతۖ೐ұ֌ Уൢߞчϯಳ໪Ȃ‫ی‬ৎϛߞ‫ڀ‬ԕȞϛԞሃϛၳȟం೐Уൢଁտሃ੩ ۡߞಳ໪༶ؔ๴ਣҍ‫ڽ‬ȌȌ‫ی‬ৎ‫ڀ‬ԕԴ‫ێ‬ᗁຕߞ୼጗Ȟϣ 5ȂϩϘ 19ȟȂత԰೐ұൢȞұ 5ȟૠភਲ਼ߞಳ໪Ȅȷ 62 ೐ϩϟ֌ϩұൢ࣏ుӯᔂຕᅹߞЂུूᄦȂഺࣱၢ༟‫ܕ‬ఀ࢝ॎ ๒ȄҒᓊӒፁࢽҍഺ࣏ྲࣱၢߞ༟‫ܕ‬ȂԯऎҹႻӡ৆ృ‫ث‬ҼȂృগ Нࡈ๴Ӡߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȄϛဦ‫ڀ‬ԕ࣏೐ϩϟൢߞܼ᠈Ȃϵ࣏೐ϛၳ‫ـ‬؆ᑋ

58 Ԣ ϯ Ȅ 59 ഺ ྍ ࢥ ࣏ Ȃ Ղ ‫ ލ‬௟ ѐ ѧ ৖ ໛ ऎ Ժ দ ྍ ၍ ߞ ໪ ወ Ȃ Й ཈ ࢽ Ԩ ᜲ ୺ Ȟ ᘵ ๒ Դ ೐ Ϙ ৎ ‫ ڼ‬ЄȂഺ ࣏ ҹ ߞ ࢽ Ԩ ȟȂփ ࣏ ‫ ـ‬ዃ ޾ Գ ࢽ Ԩ Ϡ ᝷ ዲ ᅆ ૠ ߞ ೡ ᚐȄ‫ ڤ‬ኃȂླྀ ҟ ෻ Ϛ ۶ Դ ҁ Н ࢢ ߞ Ϡ ᅆ ϩ ϝ 11ʂ ϟ ϩ Ϙ 8 ๑ ϼ ᖩ Ր ߞ ѹ ௺ Ȃ බ ྻ ֖ Й ഼ Ȅ ॗ ᒰᅁԴ࣏ৎϼᖩՐँߞԐߢȂഺ࣏‫ێ‬КϘৎನӤȂႋ៖ϞऎतኃϘ‫ڱ‬ϠՂᔹ ֘ ѧ ન ᅆ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ х ᕕ Ղ թ ూ ྏȄҁ ে ᅆ ϼ ᖩ Ր Ꭲ ߰Ȟ chiliastsȟӠ ᄔȂӒ Ղ ᔹ֘ѧનᅆҁেߞᇍ۲Ȅ 60 Bauckham, Climax of Prophecy, 6-7. 61 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 8-9Ȅ 62 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 14Ȅ

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ᐱᎢ

ߞಳ໪ȄԴϛဦ‫ڀ‬ԕߞຕ‫؍‬գϘৎᗜ੡ᗁຕȂ་ϘَߞᗁຕԴϩϝ ൢ 11 ြ֌ϟϩϘൢ 8 ြȄ 63 ෱‫ڏ‬НȂȶُϘ‫ڀ‬ԕߞ೐ϛ༵ൌ෡ᜱ኶ ֿ൵ࢢߞ֖ஜȂබ࣏။෋ઐ࿝Ȃૠ஼‫ڽ‬ᗜȄ๒փϬৎ‫ڀ‬ԕТहᝯാȂ ೐ϛԞҒ‫ף‬ϛဦȄԯթȂُৎ‫ڀ‬ԕൌգԢϘೣຕȂӤ୓ᙇᆙ་֌ೣ ᙇȄഺ࣏Ϭৎ኶ֿ‫ڀ‬ԕᆙᘌទኖߞ১ԯȄȷ 64 ੲᑂѽϯߞຕᎢȂҒ ᓊ෩‫ڻ‬ుӯᔂߞຕᅹՂϭȓ Ϙ 1ʂ8

ؔ‫ڏ‬

Ϙ 9ʂϬ 22

௄ရಳ໪ߞؔᅌሃຜϛిྻߞ ࠫਿ

ұ 1ʂУ 14

чϯಳ໪ߞؔᅌє་Ϭৎϛߞ ‫ڀ‬ԕሃ‫ی‬ৎ෧ա

б 1ʂϣ 1Ȃϣ 3ʂ5

ϛԞ

ϣ 2Ȃϣ 6ʂϩϘ 19

ϛၳ

ϩϟ 1ʂϩұ 20ȂϩУ 2ʂ4

ૠЄӔሃ‫ڢ‬෋୽ߋߞࣇ‫ڰ‬

ϩУ 1ȂϩУ 5ʂϩб 21

ϛဦ

ϩϛ 1ʂϩϝ 10

Ђಋ௎ѐѧ৖

ϩϝ 11ʂϟϩϘ 8

ంѐѧ৖ۖྲॠႮዩֽߞᚼత

ϟϩϘ 9ʂϟϩϟ 5

ྲॠႮዩֽȂྲ௎

ϟϩϟ 6ʂ21

ຕሬ 65

ҒᓊҩϘৎж‫ৃޘ‬ఀ୅ᎢȂҁ઻ྍۖॗᒰ࢝೟ѕႻӡЙԢϛߞ Ю૵Ȃϛ҃ࠑ؆ԑȄԯթȂഺႆգϘ؆ᑋߞ኶ֿ‫ڀ‬ԕ۶Ϙᑋਇѹૠ ԑକ߰ߞᇍၳȞϘ 8Ȃұ 8ȂϩϘ 17ȂϩУ 3Ȃϩб 7Ȃϩϝ 6Ȃϟ ϩϘ 22ȟȂϵգϘ؆ԑ‫ڀ‬ԕߞᎲᇊȂӒՂҒᓊሲȂϛᇊ࣏ుӯᔂຜ 63 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 16Ȅ 64 R. Bauckham, The Theology of the Book of Revelation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 40. 65 Bauckham, The Theology of the Book of Revelation, 21-22.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ࠫਵߞӒবᅡঋࠫਿȂϵ࣏ᅆԐߢࠫਿߞᏋз԰ᕕȞѧႵϘ 3Ȃϩ ұ 13Ȃϩб 15Ȃϩϝ 9Ȃϟϩ 6Ȃϟϩϟ 7ȃ14ȟȄЂൊжߞᎲᇊԴ ుӯᔂߞຕ‫؍‬ҍ಩Ȃ‫ڤ‬ႆᗾগ൵ࢢߞాᡞ‫ڰ‬ԆȄ஄ॶࠫਵᡘంȃ࠲ ࢺ݅ѕȃ֯Հ࿤൯ȂබକᖔᎲഺ‫ڱ‬ཪᆕߞᇊжȂҒࣁਿϞԳϯൻॴȂ ᖔᘛ঒ଁտ௓ᇕȂգж‫ݺ‬೐Ϙըߞ෇ࣿȂж‫ڳ‬Ӡ‫ۻ‬ᑘȂ་ϢྲॠႮ ዩֽຈȄ 66

JJJ/!ω‫ٳ‬ಠ‫ٳ‬ՙഋ‫ོޥޟ‬धශ! ‫ا‬েЏ୅ᎢჅᜲ୺‫ז‬ѳߞϘ‫ڱ‬ఐ޶Ȃѽф഍‫ڲݺ‬೟‫֘ڲ‬ൊߞ௄ ရਵ‫ݙ‬বᅆߞԟᑟȂ಩ԴঋໞᎢϘѵ॔ߞߤྻ഍ᄩ۶ຕᅹȄᅆߤྻ ᑢҫգьധߢᝊȂ࣏‫ށ‬Өుӯᔂ഍ᄩߞӅঋ౧ԆȄ ঵ԐȂԴϘѵ॔Ȃ֝Դ‫ڲ‬೟‫֘ڲ‬ൊߞ‫ܧ‬Ӕ۶֝Դ๘щሃҐ‫׀׀‬ ߞ๘щ‫ܧ‬ӔȂᅆᜲ୺࢓஼գЙԢऻ‫ޱ‬Ȅ‫ڲ‬೟‫֘ڲ‬ൊᄩаٟգক༤ᏸ Շ Ȟ Й ᄊ ృ ‫ ڲ ׀‬ष ȟȂ ഺ Գ ஡ ߞ ‫ ܧ‬Ӕ ‫ ڭ‬Й ះ ఀ ֋ Ў ജ ᜲ ୺ ֫ ታ ‫݁ ݕ‬ ‫އ‬ȞЙᄊԴၐԳߞ๘щϠȟȄൊж১ԯ࣏ȂॗԴгЮࡈ 133 Ր‫־‬ঘ ዝѳ‫ڲ‬ҁጄȞKing Attalus of Pergamumȟ‫ڲد‬೟‫ڲ‬षຜПᜲ୺Ȃ‫ڹ‬ ҹ՘ऎᜲ୺ߍᄦߞϘൊжȄᘵ๒ϘৎӎԳѳฅх‫ߞ୺ᜲة‬ᇒ޼Ȃᠭ ുᜲ୺ߞည ᡋ߰Ȃ֭ഺ Ҫ࣏๺ዶ ੡งȞгЮࡈ 88-86 ՐȟȄгЮࡈ 30 ՐҽҠȞߡۖгЮбϩՐ҃ߞ๘щϠ‫ݙ‬᜕๴ߞࡔᢏȟȂ‫ڲ‬ҟЀရ ௄ӎϯЏӀਿ࢓஼ࡑൊߞаᐼȂԳКઔ᝝ᄩߞԳ஡ȂҒࣁ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬ षȂᘿգߤྻЙՉߞ಩໪ȄϘѵ॔൵ࢢවϩՐ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬௄ရਵবᅆߞ ᗞ᝱Ȃॶሃ๘щϠᐼߋȞthe Jewish warȟߞᅝ޶ѧႵȂᅁԴྋЙ‫ږ‬ ႽȄ෱‫ڏ‬НȂЂԺዴ‫ڲ‬೟‫ܧڲ‬ӔȞҁেЙ៳‫ݺ‬௄ရਵߞьዴ၏ᢜȟ ‫ڭ‬Йሮऎ஡аգᛉᕅ‫ݕ‬ЙгӀߞদЂߤྻԟᑟȂ‫ڤڹ׈‬ႆգ༉ง‫ݑ‬ ၃ᕻԟᑟȄ 67 ȶᐐᇒൌҾ۶җൌҾмߞฤӔԳኧࠜ჆ҿ࢓஼ȌȌ‫ڶ‬ 66 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 29-30Ȅ 67 Ӥ ‫ ݺ‬Й ᅚ ‫ ݱ ݺ‬գ ֋ ‫ ڨ ا‬ᎎ ߞ ѕ ᅗ Ȃ ԇ ֣ Ⴠ ঝ ൌ Ҟ କ ‫ ڲ ڹ‬೟ ‫ ߞ ڲ‬௄ ရ ਵ ࿂ ࢘ ‫ۦ‬ ൹ȂഺҞକ࣏ည੡ߞఐ޶Ȅэ‫ێ‬ညిྻߞԺዴྻಿ࣏ҳ‫ڣ‬௄ရਵ੡Ȃҁেٟ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

๒գ‫ـ‬ԺϠ‫֝ܧ‬ঠҳȂணሃႺ֯ࣿஜȄ࢓஼ߞ၃ᕻሃႺ྽ᜦ‫۽‬ह ാȌȌԴҟ҃ѵधȂϿԳ౮๑ᆷய࣏ᓊ༓‫ڗ‬ж۶ӡ֯‫ظ‬Ⴄߞ൵দঋ ණЬȄȷ 68 ‫ڲ‬ҟЀရֺҝ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬ѣᜲ୺ߞϘзཅ༵Ȃࢷ஼ਛࣆຉȂഺৎϩ жգኊৃߞषԊӤषаᇟॻжЄា᠈෠ᡋȄ๒փȂ‫ڲ‬೟‫֯ڲ‬ऎᜲ୺ ࢓ ஼ ߞ Ϙ ൊ ж Ȃ ‫ ێ‬К ߞ ᚼ ᢏ ‫ ڭ‬Й ࣏ ᝱ ѽ ᅅ ះ ߞ Ȅ ‫ ڼ‬Ղ Ӳ ‫ ྻ ޱ‬Ȟ the bouleȂ‫ݕ‬ᇍؓ᜷៉ྻ Hellenistic councilȟߞຕᅹњࢺᇟॻжЄȂࡒ ٟգӔѹߞஇ‫ڰ‬ў‫ޱ‬Ȅգԩౕߞਛ౉՘ऎႍ៉ྻߞೣ‫ڗ‬՘৶Ȃϵۘ ‫ܠ‬ѽႤಯ֯ऎϢྻߞ౧ԆȄᚎ‫ڏ‬НȂԯऎࣆ޼ሃ୑නߞᝯ࠼Ȃ࢓஼ ߞ‫ڽ‬ᗜ‫ڲڹ‬೟‫ྻߤڲ‬ᢏఀ࿂࢘༥ૺмȄ 69 Ӥ‫ڲ‬ҟЀရ੡҃༟‫ܕ‬Ȃ‫ڲ‬ ೟‫ߞڲ‬ᇟॻжЄҞᐾգࡱҾሃ࢓஼ᛕদгӔߞ‫ڗ‬жȄթҳȂ၃ᕻѽ Ⴚ ଆ ऎ ௄ ᚂ Ȃ ߤ ྻ ߞ ᜦ ‫ ܠ‬գ ᓥ Ⴚ ֯ ߏ ߞ ՜ ՘ Ȟ э ‫ ⧠ ࣏ ێ‬۶ ൪ ȟȂ ࢓ ஼ࡒୠِൌҾмȂ࣏ш‫ݛ‬ᇯ‫ڲ‬ਛ౉Ȟ FlaviansȟȞэ‫࣏ێ‬ᇯ෻ܳԐȟ ‫ݙ‬঎ӲߞࣆຉȂ་ϘَኧҐࡱҾߞߤྻ၃ᕻ௺ϧȂઐ໱ቈ୼‫ݙݺ‬Ӡ ಯߞȄȶࡱҾକӠՅȂգᓥ‫୺ᜲݺ‬௟঴ߏం༏༡ᚼႻ݀ࡱҾȄȷ70 ‫ا‬ েЙ࣏ሲԇ֣᝷࡭ߞࡱҾൌ࣏ՂթȂԯऎੲᑂ෻཰ֹȞR. Starkȟߞ ु ‫ ٿ‬Ȃ Ϙ ѵ ॔ Ӑ ၧ Ȃ ѽ ӄ ‫ ݙ‬Ȟ ॗ գ ϟ ϩ ေ ‫ ܧ‬Ӕ ȟȃ ‫ ־‬ঘ ዝ Ȟ ϩ ϟ ေ Ϡȟȃዩ‫ٲ‬ȞϩေϠȟȃЀُੋȞϛေУϼϠȟԴᜲ୺࢓஼ж‫֜־‬ԕ ೐Ϭȃ೐бȃ೐ϛȃ೐ϩұ൵ЂࡱҾȄ 71 ॗᒰ኷ࠫຜഺ‫ྻిڱ‬Ȃϵ ധԯऎՁে࣏࢓஼К൵ൌҾмȃ൵ᗝ‫ږ‬ቅদߞԳ஡ȞԴᜲ୺ѽҳϵ ധ࣏‫ڲ‬ᑢЋщȟȄ ԴഺᇌᖖᄩܺϭȂऎঋఀ຾‫ז‬ѳߞሮԢȂѽфҁ‫ݙ‬Ꮂߞප௣۶ ྐۖഺྻ዆ᠩҁেߞࠫ݇۶֖ऎȄ 68 J. Wacher, The Roman World (London: Routledge, 1987), 8. 69 W. Howard-Brook and A. Gwyther, Unveiling Empire: Reading Revelation Then and Now (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1999), 88-92. 70 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 98Ȅ 71 R. Stark, The Rise of Christianity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), 131-32.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

‫ૈ׀‬Ȃుӯᔂ෩фߞࡱҾ݃թឮߋȄ‫ێ‬КϘᇌўՑ࣏ᚣ࢙ൄ዁Ն‫ڽ‬ య֖‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵȄ࣊๒‫ז‬ѳജ໛ऎೣ࿂ߞਾϠȃ࠲᠕߰ȃߤྻՉᄾߞ ૩ؔᇯࢺ߰ȂԴТ෎ћмܺϭȂ‫ܧ‬Ӕѹঋᚣපদȃੜ݅ȃྰࢵ‫ז‬ѳ ‫ ڽ‬԰ ඡ ‫ ז‬ѳ Ȅ ‫ ז‬ѳ ᘿ գ ‫ ڟ‬໛ ԧ ष Ȟ Ϙ ѵ ॔ ٟ գ ‫ ז‬ѳ ‫ ڟ‬໛ ‫ ڲ‬೟ ‫ ڲ‬ȟȂ Ժዴ‫ܧ‬Ӕϵᘿգࡈ݀ᜲ୺Ȃԯթබᚣྰࢵ‫ז‬ѳȂ൅Ⴥ዁Նȃࣗᄊȃ г༟ြџȃᅷ᠖॔݇ါȃቛћȃᓿᅋȃ஄งȂ‫ڽ‬తៈ۶ሮᝊҁেߞ ‫ז‬ѳȄ ዁Ն࣏ҟ҃ߞ቙֖ȂҹЙඏӡ‫ڽ‬ᔼՅ໳দߞ୑ߏȂϵ෩‫ࢷڻ‬ਿ ໷ภሃࢷ෬ຈ‫އ‬சȄ዁ՆȞપ‫࣏־‬ឥຜ‫ז‬ѳߞ዁Նȟ‫޼ࣆد‬ȃ၃ᕻ ۶‫ߞిܟ‬ӠࣿᇸԪԴϘ୓Ȅϵധ‫ڲ‬೟‫࣏ڲ‬঵ৎषԊ༟‫זܕ‬ѳ௣ࢵȂ ‫־‬ঘዝԴгЮࡈ 29 Րऎᜲ୺࢙ന዁ՆȂЀُੋԴ‫ڲ‬ҟЀရӀ‫࢓ܠ‬ ஼ұՐࢢȞгЮࡈ 27 ՐȟȂϵգԢዹ࢙നȄ‫־‬ঘዝߞ዁Ն࣏ᗝ֖‫ڲ‬ ೟‫ڲ‬षྻ៉ߞԳᙇȂᜲ୺ߞᓞ՞ȃ੩ࠫϵԴ‫ڤ‬ႆሪᡝȄॗᒰ؆ԑϞ ႋ‫־‬ঘዝȂҁҞକྐᄊч௅Ղ௄ရਵߞྻ៉Ђ௅Ȃૠߞᓞ՞Դ‫ڤ‬ႆ ሪᡝҍ‫ڽ‬Ȃ௄ရ൵ࢢ՘බг ၍Ȃᴽ࣏ૌӒߞȶ‫ا‬েߞѹ‫ا‬েߞ ૠ ȷȂ ሃ ‫ ז‬ѳ Ժ ռ ӣ ՘ ऎ ᅆ ѧ Ȅ 72 ஄ ॶ Ղ թ Ȃ ॗ ᒰ ߞ ୼ ༥ ௄ ရ Ꭲ Ȟ high Christologyȇ ணϭ ৎࣱ ၢȟ Й཈ ࣏ࠫ Ԉᗏ ‫ ށ‬Ȃ ϵ ࣏ ࣆ޼ ᗏ‫ ށ‬Ȅ ഺ ႋ ៖௄ရਵऎ֣Ꮞ‫ט់ۦ‬Ȃညҁেੜ݅ߞЙ࣏൶ዩȂփ࣏ҩϘৎѹߞ ੡৏ȂබྻᏎ‫ۦ‬ទኖߞඡ෇Ȅԯऎ௄ရਵЙணሃ‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵȂഺᇌᑾ પߞࠫ݇ജ໛ऎԟਚ۶Йྑ஼ਛߞࠑ಩Ȅ ȶ ‫ ז‬ѳ ௣ ࢵ ࣏ Ⱥ ‫ ి ܟ‬ᚃ ኇ ȻȞ religioȟȂ Դ ዃ ᘮ ߞ ࢓ ஼ Ȃ ӡ ѽ ᇯ ᜭࡱҾ‫ܧ‬ӔȄ‫ݙ‬գϠൌঋணҐ‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵȌȌߤྻงౕϠϠ֋᝸ண ሃ Ȃ ਣ ӯ ৎ Ϡ ᅆ ࢓ ஼ ߞ Ⱥ ࠫ ѕ ȻȄ ȷ 73 ԯ թ ు ӯ ᔂ գ ԫ ೉ ஊ ᄊ Н ߏ ߞ ᎝ ᛟ Ȟ Ԣ ዹ ‫ ࡈ ޒ ݺ ڍ‬ȃ ਵ ϩ У ൢ ȟȄ Й ண ሃ ዁ Ն ߞ ᇕ ਯ Ȟ ሃ Ꮠ ߽ 72 ‫ ڼ‬Ղ Royalty, Streets of Heaven, 242Ȉȶ є ‫ڏ‬Ȟ ు Ϙ 1ʂ 20ȟࣄ ᐼ ᜲ ୺ ߞ ᡋ ࣠ ۶ କ ϧȂѽ ૠ ۶ ௄ ရ ऎ ௄ ရ ਵ ߤ ၏ ߞ ‫ ڶ‬ᏫȂѧ ൶ ዩ ‫ ـ‬գ କ ϧ ۶ Գ ֜Ȅȷȶ ు ӯ ᔂ х ᅆ ѹ ࣹ ћ м Ȃ Й ࣏ ঋ ా ᡞ ഺ ћ м Ȃ փ ࣏ ѽ ௄ ရ ਵ ћ м ҃ ฆ ҹ ȷȞ 246ȟȄ 73 Howard-Brook and Gwyther, Unveiling Empire, 103.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

हӹȟജ໛ऎхߤྻȂ஄ॶЙணሃ‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵߞᇕਯȂබຈ‫ݺ‬Йྑ஼Ȅ ᔒົ዇ҿᐆֹȞW. Howard-Brookȟሃ੾ࢃဃȞA. Gwytherȟ෩‫ڻ‬ѽ ϭᄦࠑȂ 74 ሲ‫זށ‬ѳ௣ࢵᅆॗᒰ኷ࠫᅆ໪ߞࡱҾ࣏գ዆ᠩߞȈ ‫ڲ‬೟‫ࡱߞڲ‬Ҿ

‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵ

‫ז‬ѳ೉ᐪ

‫ז‬ѳ೉Ҧ

ѽӄ‫ݙ‬

Ѐُੋ

‫־‬ঘዝ

య༮యඋ ዩ‫ٲ‬

ࠧ‫ݛ‬ᠠࠧ

ցܺᄜ

ԴԺռӣ੡งȂ‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵϩж‫ށ‬ᢖȂࣿஜहាኧҐȂգϣϩৎ නգਛਲȂ‫ڲ֋ڽ‬೟‫ڲ‬ЙԢࡱ᪦۶༏ᛉȂҁেᗑјऎ൶ዩш‫ݛ‬ᇯ‫ڲ‬ ࢙ൄྲ዁ՆȂЍ຀ᖔఀਾ৞Ȃ‫֋ڹ׈‬гЮࡈ 26 ՐȂഺषжЏգ‫ی‬ ৎ೉ߥКѕȞ‫־‬ঘዝऎ‫ڲ‬ҟЀရሃᜲ୺ߞ೉ߥփനȂӯُੋऎ෩ؕ ઻ ȃ ‫ ׀‬ᇯ ‫ ڲ‬Ȧ Liviaȧȃ ៉ ྻ ߞ ೉ ߥ փ ന ȟȄȶ ‫ ێ‬ҁ ष Ԋ ൌ Ҫ գ Ϙ ৎ ‫ז‬ ѳ௣ࢵߞКѕȂգߞാϘৎϵٟգȄԴྰࢵ‫ז‬ѳўবȂ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬ᢖ๒ ‫ڕ‬ԴՋᇑȂ๒փॗᒰ᠔യᑋৎۘ࢘Ȃሮऎҹ࣏‫֋ڽ‬ᠲ୿Ȅȷ 75 ‫ז‬ѳ ௣ࢵџૈ‫ݾ‬ಽȂ՘ऎᇯᜭ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬ԧѹঋࡱҾȞϵ࣏ഺৎषȟߞණЬȂ ॗ ᒰ බ ࣏ Դ ഺ ఐ ޶ ϭ ఀ ۖ ૠ ߞ ు ӯ Ȅȶ ॗ ᒰ ߞ ಳ ໪ ទ ኖ Գ ‫ ֿ ز‬ഺ ৎ ‫ڀ‬೚Ȃࢆ‫ט‬Ϙѵ॔Ӑၧߞ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬џᘌ՘ґߞߤӹဖॗ๑ੜȄੲᑂు ӯᔂȂഺဖॗѽᗵ᙮ऎ௄ᚂȂѽዷϧ‫ڽ‬ᇯࢺȂ७ϧ‫ؽ‬ᕝ‫ڱڤ‬ୠِჅ ྰ଴ӠࣿߞϠȄॗᒰߞԢႽहࠫҁߞಳ໪࣏Ԑߢࠫਿȇ๒փȂԺዴ

74 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 104Ȅ 75 S. Friesen, "Ephesus: Key to a Vision in Revelation," BAR (May/June 1993): 34.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

‫ڲ‬೟‫ܧڲ‬Ӕሮऎഺ‫࣏ڱ‬ᆨஜࡔགྷߞ‫ڏ‬ᎢȄȷ 76 ၃ћՂϩϬൢ 4 ြȃ 15 ֌ 16 ြȂϩұൢ 9 ֌ 11 ြȂϩУൢ 2 ြȂϩбൢ 2 ြȂϩϝൢ 20 ြȂϟϩൢ 4 ြȂൌࢽԨ‫ླݕ‬ӯྰࢵ᜙ȂഺҞକх࣍‫ז‬ѳ௣ࢵᅆ ॗᒰ۶‫ێ‬ҁ՝ง௄ရਵ‫ݙ‬௲‫ߞڽ‬ᎏᕝȄ ѽϯᣍᅅє๴দঋߞயᛟȈॗᒰߞ໪ወ࣏‫ۍ׎‬գԺᇌȞ‫ݕ‬෼჆ȟ ྍ၍ȉ‫߰ݕ‬Ȃҁ࣏ѽપ‫ߞ־‬ј‫ࠑڽޱ‬Ⴟ෼჆ߞ໪ወȉ‫ا‬ሮऎࢢ߰ߞ ࢙៉࣏ॗᒰߞྍᄦȄుӯᔂ࣏ѽҁߞ‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬ᡝ߰ऎ኷֯ᅆ໪Ȃ๒ փȂҁళӡߞ໪ወනգዅ‫ݑ‬Ȃ‫ږ‬ѽᏋညԳᕕӡԴ‫ێ‬ҁ഍‫ݺ‬ЙԢԟᑟ ߞిྻȄ ᚡᘈȞ RamsayȟತԐ ྩ ඵ ు ӯ ᔂ ႆ գ ᝯ ည Գ ߤ ྻ ಩ ໪ ߞ ‫ ࣇ ۏ‬Ȃ НࢢգЙԢᐯ߰ា‫ݚ‬Ȃэ‫࣏ێ‬ሿஙȞC. HemerȟȂҁᅆుӯᔂߞ੩ࠫ ൊжգႎ೟ߞु‫ٿ‬Ȅ 77 ҁሮऎుӯᔂбൢ 6 ြླӯгЮ 92 ՐԺռ ӣনۘᇌนၬ່ཀྵߞᓞ҄Ȅഺᓞ҄১࣏ঋᅨ࿑‫ڲ‬೟‫ڲ‬ሃ‫ێ‬ҁषԊߞ Ϙҗၬ່ཀྵȂࡒᏎ‫ڲۦ‬೟‫ڲ‬ष௻ધхᅆȂѽ७ԴᅁࣉࡈЏജᅣᏚȇ ๒փȂ๴ҍഺ౧ᓞ҄Ȃ࣏ԯऎည੡ѹঋߞลߏ๺૿Ȃ࢓஼ЙԢԳ஡ ൌҍ಩៞ଣȂധԺϠঋِ෯ׄȂԯփԺռӣऽౕᇌนลߏȂփࠧၬ ່ᑘȂᚣթ⃁፤Դᜲ୺ሃ‫ێ‬ҁԳўߞߤྻ௺ϧȄЙჅȂഺ౧ᓞ҄ࡒ Ꮞ‫ۦ‬Ϙ‫ࡱڱ‬ҾȞᄊࠧ‫ݛ‬ᠠࠧȟ௻ધхᅆȂԯऎҹে࣏৅Ꮻၬ່྽‫ڽ‬ ᘇۤࠛᓿߞȄбൢ 6 ြබᄊϘ඼ᓝ‫ە‬ᄦ๪ȂࠑႿ‫ڱڤ‬ԴഺԳ஡ᐾգ ၬ່ཀྵߞգᡋϧϠЀߞྏ‫ۦ‬Ȅ 78! බϬൢ 15 ֌ 18 ြȂሿஙࢽҍؓ‫ޯݛ‬Ӳѽ࿢ࣵᇷԩȂᆇᜲ֘ߞ Ѫѽ૷ȃ౻ȃֽᇷԩȂ๒փցܺᄜӎ‫ڗ‬ٟգᔹᎳѪ࿚‫ڻ‬ᕕȂঋᚣᓮ ѪႽ‫د‬Ѫє་ࡱҾȂ‫ڹ׈‬ՂթȂѪЪЙ‫༼ܢ‬ӡȄሿஙգѽϭߞྐ‫ޱ‬Ȉ

76 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 37Ȅ 77 Hemer, LettersȄ ሿ ங ‫ ࠧ ڭ‬؆ ԑ Ԣ ྍ ᚡ ᘈ Ȃ ҁ ‫ ز‬ໞ ᚡ ᘈ ࢢ ง ຾ ֯ ߞ ᠕ ి ᣍ ᙇ Ȅ գ ᝯ ሿ ங ߞ ໞ ᎢȂண S. J. Freisen, "Revelation, Realia,and Religion:Archaeology in the Interpretation of the Apocalypse," HTR 88 (1995): 291-341Ȅ 78 Hemer, Letters, 158-59.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

න ႈ ߤ ྻ ቈ ᛓ Ꮂ Ӡ ‫ ۻ‬Ѫ ߞ ࿚ ᔝȂՁ ӡ ֋ Ў ߞ Ⴄ ࿚ ႃ ా ૿ ൝Ȃຕ ‫ ލ‬ఀ ۖ Ԛ Ꮃ ߞ ‫ ڻ‬ᕕ˕˕ Й ֽ Й ጤ ѷ ҄ Ϡ ྐ Ԥ ҍ ‫ڽ‬Ȅցܺ ᄜ ࠫਵ ߞ ֖ ऎȂຕ ‫ ލ‬බ գ Ղ ҁ ে ߞ Ѫ Ꮃ Ϙ ዹȞ ٟ գ ి ྻ ‫ ۖ ۦ‬Ղ թ௻ધ ߞ᠔യȟ ȄϬ ൢ 17 ြ ֬ Ѽ ࣏ ୫ ᅆ ց ܺ ᄜ ߞ ० ฀ȂՁ ࣏ න գ ࡱҾȂ б ϩ Ր ҃ ࠐ ง ๴ Ӡ Գ Ꮹ ࢢȂЙ ߺ త ‫ ୺ ᜲ ۦ‬෯ ׄȂᑾ ϧ ؆ ՘দ࢙ ߞ Ѝ ֯ȇ઼ ઽ ሃ ೀ ᜽ ߞ ‫ࣇ ۏ‬ȂҞ କ ࣏ ண ࿰ ց ܺ ᄜ ຾ ԩ ᛁ ᐯ୰۶ ᛁ ޼ ߞ ᅁ ‫ ڼ‬Ȅ 79

ഺ‫ࣇۏڱ‬գԺьሲ‫އ‬ϧȂԴѼ‫ا‬েւዋ৹Ϙৎȇ֭࣊๒ഺ‫ڱ‬੩ ࠫ഍ನЙԢྻಿߞ៳ᢸߐ޶Ȃ‫ێڹ׈‬Кգપ‫ࣇۏߞ־‬Ȃఠ໦ሃឍࡍ ߞ‫ݑ‬Ꮃ‫ڶ‬๒‫ۍ‬գ෼჆۶Ժᇌߞྍ၍Ȅ ಩҃ߤྻॊᐯನᎢϵᕕӡ‫ݺ‬ႋ៖ుӯᔂȂൊж՘ੜᢖ຾Ȃ‫ڼ‬Ղ գϠዃ޾ᕕӡϼᖩՐँߞನᎢȂఀۖቲ՘ґߞੜ‫ލ‬ȇ๒փȂሮߢҵ ᎠȞcognitive dissonanceȟȃԳ֜हੇȞstatus inconsistencyȟȃћм ᓾ֜Ȟcultural dislocationȟȃаԨ‫ݑ‬ȞintroversionȟߞನᎢϵᕕӡԴ ుӯᔂКȄ 80 ϼᖩՐँ‫ߞڀ‬ನᎢѹ௺ॗᒰȞϵധҒࣁҁߞᡝ߰ȟߞ ѵधᣍգӐѵᣍ݇ߞ֒௾Ȃሮऎഺৎᝯ࠼ᇦ௜ߞ၏ᢜࢺՇѽϭࠫ ݇ Ȉȶ ಎ з ง ࢞ Ӑ џ ‫ ڽ‬ᗜ ȇ Ն ‫ ܣ‬Ђ ‫ ᝱ ٭‬ȇ ௟ Ԑ ࡈ ᑢ ҫ ሃ Ӑ џ Н ༡ ߞ ੡༡ᄑжऎᇦ௜ാരߞ੡ࣱȇч‫ڹ‬ᐯሃᠲ୿ᐯȇજ‫ߞࢢ׃‬ԑྲా ਾȇϘ֜ాѵϠߏྻҍ಩ຈȄȷ 81 ഺ‫ڍ‬ႋߞ‫᝱ק‬Դ‫ݺ‬Ȉుӯᔂѹঋ х࣍ॗᒰৎϠߞਣౕȂ‫ێ‬ᅁȂ‫ا‬েЙߢႽҁߞӐѵᣍ࣏‫׎‬ሃҁԺዴ ߞᡝ߰हԢȄϠҞѽഺዹሮऎȂॗᒰ Ԩٟգഺᇌࠫ݇ߞߤ၏Ȟੲᑂ ‫ێ‬᏶ॗᒰ੩ۡߞֿᙝȟަϢ௟‫ߞڽ‬ӐѵᣍȂऎঋᕒׄҁেবᅆᕅϧ

79 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 192-97Ȅ 80 ண P. Esler, "Political Oppression in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature: A Social Scientific Approach," Listening: Journal of Religion and Culture 28 (1993):181-99 ߞ ୅ Ꭲ Ȅ 81 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 185Ȅ

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ᘘऻుӯᔂ

۶ჀঝȇҞ࣏Ȃॗᒰ֋Ў‫ށ‬ᢖ࣏ৎϼᖩՐࠫਵȂҁᄘႏ௟ഺ‫݇ࠫڱ‬ ៿ᓮຜҁߞᡝ߰Ȅ Ԫನߞྐ‫࣏ޱ‬ȂॗᒰߞϘ‫ڱ‬ᡝ߰ᅆЂಿћмߞኊৃգщԺ‫۝؁‬ Ȟ գ ‫ ڱ‬ᡝ ߰ ᅆ ഺ ‫ ֋ ࢝ ۖ ྏ ۝ ؁ ڱ‬๒ Ȃ ҁ ে Ӓ Դ ᓉ Ϣ ؓ ᜲ ߞ ߤ ၏ ȟȂ ԯփᄘႏऎҁেҐ෧ሮߢҵᎠߞࠫਿȇ෱‫ڏ‬НȂॗᒰঋሦൄԺᙇћ мᓾ֜ȄаԨ‫࣏ݑ‬ԯऎᕅϧሃჀঝփգߞயᛟȇ๒փȂॗᒰ࢝౻྾ ሮ‫֋ܠ‬Ў៳‫ݺ‬ьዴߞ‫ֶిܟ‬Ⴝ၏ᢜȄ‫ݙ‬ѽঋ‫ڨ‬Ѥ֋Ўߞߤ၏०ႽȂ ϫঋᐖᇸф࠲᠕ҁেȂԯऎҁ໛ᜲ୺‫ז‬ѳ۶ҁߞ᛿ࠫ߰ߞ‫ݑ‬ఐ۶֖ ऎՂᠲ୿ϘዹȄ‫ا‬ះఀࣙ‫ڱ‬ᕕӡԴుӯᔂߞߤྻॊᐯನᎢȂѧ‫ێ‬ҁ ನᎢ‫ـ‬գᕒׄȄߺ‫࣏ߞܠ‬Ȃঋ༰КԴߤྻᑢҫȂփࠧႻӡ‫ݩ‬໪ߞ಩ ҃ߤྻ᝷࡭‫ڽ‬ႋ៖ഺ‫ڱ‬ҟ҃᎑ᛔћᐯ֯ࡡȄ

JW/!ంҰᓃ‫ޟ‬அ࿜፣ ుӯᔂ༟‫ށܟ‬၍ࢽഺ࣏डᑙஅ࿜‫ޟ‬ంҰȂ෩ᓹ‫ا‬েॗᒰߞૠᐯ ࣏ѽ௄ရᎢऎ੮ѕȂҁঋཇቍ௄ရߞಳ໪Ȅഺಳ໪࣏ᝯѼ௄ရȂᴽ јࢺӒ࢞෬༟ߞ੩ۡȂঋ෬ӯϘзૌನȂᴽ঑യ༟ਣӐѵߞ኶ֿȂ ࣉП൵ࢢߞాᡞȄԯթȂညަྍॗᒰՂ֣෡গ௄ရȂഺ࣏দঋߞȇ ᗁփ‫ڏ‬НȂഺ࣏ನႋుӯᔂߞᣑடȄ ుӯᔂୃႶ࢝Ժ௄ရߞ‫ڰ‬ఐȂ࢝Ժ࣏௄ရ১գߞ࿄݇۶‫؛‬໪Ȃ Ϙ‫࣏ڱ‬၃Ⴥ࿂Ժ৒ჹߞȄ82 ࣊๒ుӯᔂ࣏኷ຜ‫ڗ‬ᢜሃᢸ‫׮ݑ‬գԟᔍ ߞ௄ရਵȂऎϞգׄᗾႋഺᇌఐ޶Ȃҹ‫د‬๏ᙇ༰КԴ௄ရߞ‫؛‬໪ሃ ࿄݇ϯȂබທЙऎ‫܈‬ȇ֯߰௻Ꭰૠߞѹᡋȃ௄ရߞକϧȃ௄ရऎၐ ਵӦ৙۶኶ֿ෋ϠຈȄᚎ‫ڏ‬НȂ֯߰ॎҍ௄ရߞԅ໗Ց‫؛‬໪Ȃᴽ࣊ ࣏ ‫ ܡ ޱ‬Ȃ ϫ ࣏ ా ᡞ ߰ Ȟ ࣏ ૠ ߞ ଁ տ ȟȂ ࣀ ా ݅ ѕ ߞ Ϡ ֺ ‫ ۦ‬኶ ֿ Ȅ ๑ ‫ݎ‬Ѽ‫ا‬েԴుӯᔂ‫ر‬ЙۖϘ֜࿢ࣘȃᗽ۟ȃࣘ༶ߞॠᒘȇहхȂॠ

82 ᔌ ࢢ ҍ ಩ ߞ ў Ց ቲ ऎ Й ԢȂ‫֯ ݬ ݺ ڍ‬ȈThe Many Faces of the Christ (New York: Crossroad, 1998)Ȅ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

ᒘሃᴽߞѭԢ‫ױ‬Դ኶ֿភਲ਼ϯȂᴽ࣏‫֜ڤ‬ᛨ୺փ‫ڽ‬ȃգភናంᴽϾ Кҍ‫ڽ‬Ȃ࣏ଁտȂϵ࣏࿽ЄȄഺႆߞ௄ရᅁԴЂփҞदȂѹঋ௻Ꭰ ᴽ ಩ Ы Դ ч ϯ Ȟ ࣏ п ऎ ֌ ୼ ߞ ѹ ȟȂ ௟ ‫ ڽ‬ऎ ࠫ ਵ ԓ ‫ ڽ‬Ȃ ࡒ त ь ᝯ ަ ॠᒘߞ‫ڰ‬Ѝ‫ݕ‬Ϡ‫ߞݑ‬ϘবȞ୵Ϟ௻Ꭰᴽߞժ۶௲‫ߞڽ‬ᇊઈȟȄ ѽϭ࣏ుӯᔂᕕӡ‫ݺ‬௄ရߞЙԢᇍၳȈஅ࿜ҍ಩ 7 ըȂડϞυ 1 ըȂΡ υ 2 ըȞُ ը Н ࡈ ൌ Ґ ϯ ԁ ჋Ȃࠧᔝ ቟ ȟȂၾ ‫ݕ‬႖ ሬ 1 ը Ȃ փкգ 23 ըȞሃડ۶அ࿜ӹฆ‫ڹ‬ӡȟȂૂՀ 28 ըȄుӯᔂٟգຜ ॠᒘࡄѽϠ‫ݙ‬ӡߞᔝ቟ȂՂցਰȃ‫ݛ‬ѧȃᄉϠȃԐߢ‫ݕ‬ϠȄԢዹգ Ꮇߞ࣏Ȃϵٟգؓ᜷мᔝ቟ȂՂాѹ‫ݕ‬ૠȄంങሬᐯ۶ᔝ቟ߞ‫࢘ڎ‬ փ‫ڏ‬Ȃుӯᔂሃॗᒰᇊর࢝ЙहԢȂॗᒰᇊরႆૠЄሃϠЄ֫գদ ঋ֜၉ȇҹሃॗᒰ੩ࠫϵЙहԢȂॗᒰ੩ࠫႆ௄ရሃૠЄ࢝ᢖ຾Ȅ ుӯᔂߞ࿂ᇑ๘щ֒௾ሃЙԢߞ௄ရໟྉȂ҄Ϡᜃᆷ֯߰‫ࠧڭ‬ॗᒰ ᇊরȃॗᒰ੩ࠫ‫߰֯ߞ߰یݕ‬ȇҹళӡؓ᜷ሬߞᇌ᝷ሃ‫ێ‬ҁॗᒰ੩ ۡ࢝ЙहԢȂ‫ـ‬କᝋᅁഺৎ‫ڍ‬ႋȄӤ‫ݺ‬௄ရߞժሃ෇ࣿȂుӯᔂߞ ୼༥௄ရᎢȂ௻Ꭰ௄ရпԴчϯȂѽфᴽߞ‫֒ڎ‬Ȅ ుӯᔂߞ௄ရᎢᎠЄԴ೐Ϙൢ༟‫ܕ‬Ȃබ࣏ॗᒰԴ‫ݥ‬ዝਫϯ‫ڍݙ‬ ߞ೐Ϙৎಳ໪Ȅഺ੩ѽഺ࣏அ࿜डᑙ‫ޟ‬ంҰ༟‫ܕ‬Ȃ཈Դ೐ϘൢබϬ ը ҍ ಩ ड ᑙ அ ࿜ ߞ ᔝ ቟ Ȃ ഺ Й ྻ ࣏ ྍ ҳ Ȃȶ ೐ Ϙ ‫ ز‬௄ ရ ਵ ᡝ ߰ ജ є ᐱంडᑙஅ࿜ᚼೊ֌ૂՀȂփૂՀߞԩՄѹᐱుӯᔂ೐ϟൊжߞ੾ ؊Ȅȷ 83 ॠᒘ࣏݅ᅁߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠȂంժϠК঵Ԑ෇ࣿȂᴽ࣏Գϯಿѳ ߞ೚޼߰ȞϘ 5ȟȂϵ࣏௟‫ڽ‬ऎ኶ֿᏼ༳փ‫ڤߞڽ‬Ϙ֜ȞϘ 7ȟȄు ӯᔂϘൢ 5 ြϵ෩фॠᒘߞժ۶ភ֕‫ݙ‬௲‫ాߞڽ‬ᡞȂഺ࣏೐Ϙৎ‫ڼ‬ Є Ȃ ࢽ Ԩ ॠ ᒘ ࣏ Ι ՝ ԁ ჋ Ρ υ Ȟ Ԓ գ ‫ ی‬ৎ ȟȂ ཈ Դ ഺ ႆ ᴽ ߞ ႅ ‫ ف‬౻ ྾ᢖӯᴽߞૠ‫ݑ‬ȄॗᒰԴഺႆ༟‫دܕ‬᚞ॗߞ‫؛‬໪۶ॠ۶ົߞԩՄᕕ ӡԴ௄ရ‫ڗ‬ϯ‫ݕ‬ၐѭ۶௄ရ‫ڗ߰ی‬ϯȂഺཉԨര्ԑ ੩ȄԴ֭ѽನ

83 ண D. Guthrie, "The Christology of Revelation," in Jesus of Nazareth: Lord and Christ, ed. J. B. Green et al. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), 398Ȅ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

੩೐ϛൢҪգҹѠலӵ‫ޱ‬գഺᇌ֗ჹȂփഺႆߞ௄ရ࣏࣊ૠȂϵ࣏ ϠЄȞϘ 13ȟȄЙߺ‫ܠ‬ుӯᔂϘൢ 8 ြ‫ڤ‬ᇍऎߡ‫ݲܜ‬۶߼ద௞ߞ࣏ ૠᘘ࣏௄ရȞҞକࢽૠȇѧႵϟϩϘ 6ȟȇहᅆ‫ڽ‬ሲȂϘൢ 17 ֌ 18 ြ‫ݙ‬ᢖӯߞබ‫ـ‬Ґ౻྾Ȃ௄ရᇍऎ٥ॶӑ‫ޟ‬۶ґࡣ‫ޟ‬Ȟҩணϟϩϟ 13Ȉ ‫ ݲ ܜ ߡ ࢐ ר‬Ȃ ‫ ߼ ࢐ ר‬ద ௞ ȟȂ ᴽ ฅ ၃ ժ ҝ Ȃ Ղ Ы ࡒ Ӗ ቈ ࣿ ຾ Ȃ ժϸ۶൚༡ߞᣑடԴᴽߞјႆȄᴽϵ௟ిྻᇦ෪Դ෠ѕȂ‫ڹ‬Ѫಎѫ ጤߞ௄ရਵఀՉዐȄഺᇌ୼ᗝ௄ရߞ಩໪ȂుӯᔂϘߡٟգஃѤȄ ᇍ۲ૠ۶௄ရ࣏ߡ‫ݲܜ‬۶߼ద௞ߞ‫ৃྍף‬ఀ೟ࢥȂҒᓊӒፁࢽ ҍȈഺϠߏȶԐ‫ݺ‬ေߏȂᴽউӠေߏȂ࣏ေߏߞ൹ൄ߰Ȃঋ௲ታေ ߏᘙԨӐѵߞᕕᢚȄഺ‫ڱ‬ᔝ቟Դϟϩϟൢ 13 ြᕕӡԴ௄ရ‫ڗ‬ϯ੡Ȃ ЙҞକգ‫ێ‬ҁྍࢥȄȷ 84 ‫޶֣ـ‬Ȃॠᒘജᇍऎ‫ॶڤ‬ӑ‫ޟ‬۶ґࡣ‫ޟ‬Ȃ ࣏ੲᑂѽᘈ‫ڲ‬੩ұϩұൢ 6 ြ۶ұϩϣൢ 12 ြȂ‫ڤ‬ႆ࣏ॠ۶ົૠ ‫֋ߞݑ‬ᇍȄЙඏՂթȂԴϯћϭನȂഺᔝ቟௻Ꭰૠ࣏ᑾϘѷறϘߞ ˕˕ȶ୵‫ا‬ѽҳٟգૌૠȄȷుӯᔂߞॶӑ‫ޟ‬۶ґࡣ‫ޟ‬Ҟକሃ ߡ‫ܜ‬ ‫ݲ‬۶߼ద௞ߞྍࢥٟգщЂж‫־‬Ȅ ഺႋ៖ሃుӯᔂϬൢ 14 ြϘ७Ȃ‫ڤ‬ႆ௄ရᇍऎȶૠ൹ൄߞ࿚ ᔝ Ȟ archeȇȮ ۶ Ԫ ӎ ȯ ៌ ֯ ϯ ॶ ȟȷȂ ഺ Й ࣏ ሲ ᴽ ࣏ ೐ Ϙ ৎ ജ ൄ ߏ Ȃ ‫ ݕ‬೐ Ϙ ৎ ం ժ Ϡ К ԓ Ӡ Ȟ Դ ഺ ў ব ॗ ᒰ ӡ Ϟ ‫ ێ‬ҁ ങ ሬ ȟȂ փ ࣏ ϟ ϩ ϟൢ 13 ြᅆ௄ရߞҩϘᇌᇍᓜȄ෱‫ڏ‬НȂ௄ရӒՂॗᒰᇊর೐Ϙ ൢߞૌႽၐ႐Ȟ the Logos hymnȟ‫ݙ‬෡গߞȂᴽജऻऎԐ‫ݺ‬ေߏȂ ࣏ေߏߞੲ࿚‫ݕ‬൹ൄ߰ȂሃၐѭϘ୓Ȅࠠ‫ޱݛ‬۶࠻౥ఝ‫اڹ‬েྐ୓ ௄ ရ Դ Ӑ ѵ ѹ ߞ џ Є Ȃ ᑉ ԇ ‫ ڤ‬ঋ ‫ ߞ ڽ‬൵ ࢢ ኶ ֿ ‫ ܡ‬Ȟ ண ೐ ϩ ϝ ൢ ȟȄ Ғᓊᅆ‫ॶڤ‬ӑ‫ޟ‬۶ґࡣ‫ޟ‬ʝߡ‫ݲܜ‬۶߼ద௞ഺዹᗁຕȈ౻෽Գሲ‫ށ‬ ॠᒘ࣏ૠӖࢮՅգߞ؆ԑᚳಽȂർჅ‫ێ‬᏶ྲॗߞሲ‫ޱ‬Ȅ 85 ๑‫ݎ‬ѼԴ ు ӯ ᔂ ॠ ᒘ ࣏ ྰ ࢵ ሃ ฀ Ԉ ߞ ᅆ ໪ Ȟ Ժ Ⴥ ԇ ֣ ྲ ॗ ੩ ۡ ȟȂ Դ ഺ ۡ ੩ 84 Bauckham, Theology of the Book of Revelation, 55Ȅ Դ ϭ ব ව ৎ ж ࣱ ‫ ྻ ا‬԰ ᕕ ҒᓊߞᎢᑂȂ‫ڭ‬ҐѽᙖਣȂഺ‫ڱ‬ൌ࣏‫ᝒݙا‬ԢߞȄ 85 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 57Ȅ

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ᐱᎢ

ႆ Ȃ ྰ ࢵ ሃ ฀ Ԉ ‫ ڭ‬Й Ꮛ Ԫ ᕕ ӡ Դ ໹ ֋ ๒ ߞ ч ‫ ڗ ڹ‬ϯ Ȟ ѧ Ⴕ ϩ ϝ 10 ۶ϟϩϟ 8ʂ9ȟȄ ԯऎԴ‫ݥ‬ዝਫϯߞॗᒰሮऎॠᒘԪѼҁᅆૠߞ‫ܠ‬၍Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽᴽ࣏ Ꮛညߞྰࢵᅆ໪Ȅుӯᔂ೐Уൢ༟‫ܕ‬௟௄ရߞ‫؛‬໪ඔऎଁտȂН ࢢȂഺ՘ऎԑ੩൵দঋߞඔ໪Ȃ‫ڼ‬ՂУൢ 8 ြ෩фଁտᚣ຾ժሃ෇ ࣿփఀർȂഺ࣏чϯྰࢵߞ๏ᙇȂྰࢵߞ၏ಿҒࣁұࣿߏ۶ϟϩұ ֜ࠜցȂҁে࣏‫ݙ‬գ‫ۦ‬ൄߏȞஜߏሃϠ᝷ȟߞ҃ࠑȞѧႵУ 6 ሃϛ 17ȟȄ 86 ‫ ٱ‬ፁ ᅁ ࣏ ฅ ജ ౭ ߞ ଁ տ Ȃ ഺ ଁ տ ఀ ർ Ȃ ๒ ࢢ ѽ ၍ ࢤ ‫ ڽ‬኶ ֿ Ȟб 16ȟȄྰࢵଁտሃྰࢵૠЙକж༟ȂԴУൢ 13 ြȂྰࢵଁտ࣏ ྰࢵૠߞϘൊжȄ஄ॶჵໟ౻྾ࢽӯྰࢵߞᅆ໪ȂϘൢ 5 ֌ 6 ြற ᑾᙩຜ௄ရߞჵໟᢖӯᴽՂૠଠ୨‫ۦ‬ᣙग़ȇഺჵໟᕕሃ෩ዝщࢢ੩ ұൢ 8 ြ۶݃ఀࢢ੩Ϭൢ 18 ြறᑾᙩຜ௄ရߞ‫ی‬ৎჵໟѧႵȂҞ ‫ڍ‬ుӯᔂ‫؛‬ਟྰࢵ௄ရߞ೫࠸‫ࠧڭ‬໸খ֖ऎȇहхȂҹԴ௄ရਵߞ ЙԢߤ၏ࣹཇ୓‫ڽ‬Ȅ 87 Դ‫ݥ‬ዝਫߞॗᒰ֬Ѽٟգᄊॗᒰᇊরߞ֯߰Ȃѽૠߞขዊߞᣍ ݇‫ڽ‬ᝋ‫ށ‬௄ရ࣏Ϭ֜ϘᢜૌૠႆߞϘ֜Ȅҁ֬ѼৄӡϞȮ‫ࠝᜲݙ‬ข ୊ȯȞWisdom of Solomonȟߞ‫ࣇۏ‬Ȟணϩϝ 11 ୓ȟȂ‫ڤ‬ৎఀർᐼЀ ᇍ ऎ ૠ ߞ Ⴝ Ȅ ऎ թ ‫ ا‬ে Ӆ ༷ ѧ Ⴕ Ȯ ‫ ࠝ ᜲ ݙ‬ข ୊ ȯȞ 18.16 ୓ȟȂ‫ڤ‬ႆ ႽാԢ‫׀‬ናంч᠙ҍȄ ॗᒰ௻Ꭰ௄ရж‫ڳ‬ૠߞԩՄȃភਲ਼ȃЍ֯ȃྰࢵȄᅆ௄ရਵփ ‫ڏ‬Ȃ௄ရ‫ݙ‬இߞබᄊૠϘዹȂᴽ࣏൹ൄ߰ȃాᡞ߰ȃ಩Դߞѹȃ௟ ‫ ڽ‬ঋ ‫ ߞ ڽ‬኶ ֿ ߰ Ȃ ԯ թ ᴽ ࣏ ୨ ‫ ߞ ࢵ ྰ ۦ‬Ȟ ഺ ႆ Ҟ କ ሲ ఀ ࢝ ь ȟȄ Դ ӐࢢߞџЄȂॗᒰहࠫҪգૠЖକே֖௄ရ‫ݙ‬ே֖ߞȂ‫ݙ‬ѽഺ‫لڱ‬

86 ‫ ڹ ׈‬௄ ရ Ղ ଁ տ Ȃ ᴽ ϵ ٟ ജ ໛ ऎ ഹ ਴ Ȃ х փ ࣏ ᆕ գ କ ϧ Ȃ କ ؆ ԑ ᕝ ీ ዲ Ϡ Ȃ ഺ ሃ Ȯ ॗ ဃ ᓷ ୊ ȯȞ the Testament of Josephȟ ଁ տ ߞ ໪ ወ ह Ԣ Ȅ ϵ ധ ॗ ᒰ ண ւ ഺ ӎ ຾ ֯ Ȃ ԯ ऎ Ȯ ॗ ဃ ᓷ ୊ ȯ 19.8-9 գ ᛕ দ ᕓ ᘈ ‫ ڲ‬Ȟ the twofold Messiahȟ ߞ ࠑႿўՑȂᴽ࣏࿽ЄȂϵ࣏ଁտȄ 87 ഺ ࣏ ‫ ࠑ ׎‬ӯȂഺ Ϭ ࣱ ၃ ћ ൌ ࣏ ኷ ຜ ‫ ڲ‬೟ ‫ ߞ ڲ‬௄ ရ ਵȞ ഺ Գ ஡ ࣹ ֖ ‫ ז‬ѳ ௣ ࢵ ȟȉ

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ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ਫ਼ླӯ௄ရߞૠ‫ݑ‬Ȅࢥւജ౭ଁտ‫ױ‬Դភਲ਼ϯ‫ࢵྰۦ‬Ȟԯᴽժփ෇ ࣿȂർჅഺѵधߞᡋཕȟգ֣‫ྍף‬ȉᡝ߰Ӆ༷઻ྍૠԴ௄ရႆ‫ڹ‬ѵ धሃᴽ۶ՀȂ‫ـ‬໭зߞሲ‫࣏ޱ‬Ȃૠᚣജ౭ѷജпۖчϯߞଁտ೚ᇒ ѵधȄ௄ရߞ‫ॴۦ‬ሃժϸ࣏Ӗࢮ߰ߞ֯ऎȂգӖࢮߞґੜȂϵ࣏ૠ ఀർ။෋ሃᇒ޼ѵधߞᝋᑂȄҪգૠକࣀాȂᴽѽଁտߞ‫ڗ‬ж՘බ ഺ‫ڰ‬Ȅ ԴుӯᔂϬൢ 14 ြȂॠᒘᇍऎડഺഅ‫ޟ‬࿲‫ޟސ‬ϯॶȂԢϘൢ ᢖӯᴽੋ຾ЂᎎߞᣑடȞϬ 7ȟȂ‫ݙ‬ѽᴽ࣏๘щϠߞᕓᘈ‫ڲ‬Ȅᘵ๒ॗ ᒰሮऎॠᒘЙඏ࣏๘щϠߞᕓᘈ‫ڲ‬Ȃ֭ҁᙝЙྻቅ໛ഺᣍ݇ȄԴు ӯᔂУൢ 5 ြȂॠᒘᇍऎนσЛࣂϛ‫ޟ‬྾υ۶σፏ‫ޟ‬ਲ਼Ȃည๒Ȃଁ տߞ‫؛‬໪؆ԑ࣏๘щϠߞᣍ݇Ȃ๘щϠሮऎജ౭ଁտߞೣ࿂໪ወ࣏ ᡞ။ȇ๒փȂॗᒰ௟ഺৎ‫؛‬໪‫ؼ‬ᢏჅ‫ڽ‬ȂҁЙඏѽҹ‫ڽ‬Ꭲфଁտജ ౭Ȃ‫ڭ‬ѷ෡গଁտฅജ౭ȂՂЫࡒఀ຾ᅷឹȃᡋକȂ՝งߞ๘щϠ ॶЙ࣏௄ရਵȂЙྻഺዹሲߞȄԴթȂॠᒘߞࣇ‫ڰ‬Џ௟๘щϠᅆଁ տߞ‫؛‬໪ަϢྍਫ਼Йۖȃѓ႘۶ᅈྲߞЮ૵Ȅ๑‫ݎ‬Ѽుӯᔂদ᎑෩ фജ౭ଁտߞඔ໪Ȃԯऎҹ࣏኷ຜӒ‫ۦ‬Ⴠঝߞ௄ရਵȄҁেϵ՘ऎ ௠ਙ߰јϭߞտଁȂ๒փҁেᄊॠᒘ൵ࢢఀർժϸȂఀർঝਚҁে ߞϠȄ ҩϘৎంૠᚼຜ௄ရߞ‫؛‬໪࣏ॠᒘᐾգӠ‫ۻ‬ҊȂᴽঋ෬༟੩ ۡȂ෬ᠨૠߞӏ‫ڽ‬঍ᄑሃྍ՞ȂҪգᴽЖ୨෬༟੩ۡሃϛԞȞ೐У ൢ ȟȄ ഺ ႆ ෡ গ ௄ ရ Դ Գ ϯ ே ֖ ૠ ߞ г Ӓ Ȅ ా ᡞ ሃ ኶ ֿ ߞ ᣍ ݇ ‫ ݕ‬ധ ‫ڭ‬Й෼჆Ȃ๒փഺᣍ݇Դ᚞ॗ࣏࢝෼фȂэ‫ێ‬Դॗ੩‫ୃڲ‬ሃЀਰ ୃȄૠాᡞ‫ۦ‬มᕅߞЄӔȂ኶ֿҁেߞዲϠȄԯթȂॗᒰᙝ‫ڏ‬ૠߞ ኶ֿሃాᡞȂഺ‫ڰྲࠧڭ‬Ȃᅈྲߞ࣏௄ရᑉԇϞഺৎૠၐ‫֒ڎ‬Ȃ௄ ရ࣏࣊ఀా߰ߞాѹȂϵ࣏෋Ϡߞ኶ֿ߰Ȅॗᒰሮऎຠ෋Нᐼߞ൵ ࢢ ຕ ‫ ࣏ ލ‬Ȉȶ ж ΰ ‫ ୽ ޟ‬ԙ Ο ‫ ר‬к ‫ ڷ‬к அ ࿜ ‫ ୽ ޟ‬Ȃ ᳾ ौ հ д Ȃ ‫ ڗ ޢ‬җ җሉሉȊȷȞϩϘ 15ȟഺႆкࢽԨૠփࠧ௄ရȂփ௄ရ࣏ంᴽߞᇍ ၳ۶๘щϠߞ‫ڽ࢘ڎ‬ನႋȄᐐᇒॗᒰ෡গૠߞ੡৏Ȃ౻྾Ғࣁ௄

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ရȂփѭԴ੟᝝Ȃ֭ҁ‫ڭ‬ٟգӚϞற௄ရᎢȞChristomonismȟߞᓾ ሱȄంϩϘൢ 15 ြߞ഍ನј‫ޱ‬ȂҞ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰሮᝊ൵՝งߞ๘щ௄ရ ਵᅆϘૠᎢȞmonotheismȟߞሮࠫȞ‫ࡈޒݺڍ‬ϣ 6ȟȄ 88 ԯթȂգϘчଁտঋఀർȂᘛ᎛៳ᴽߞϠ঒௓ᇕȞϩϝ 9ȟȂӒ Ղ೐ϩϝൢ෩ۖȂᴽফᗜ੡ᄊӨᛨЀȃទኖߞ՜൷߰ȃ֖Ԗ߰Ȅଁ տϵ࣏࿽ЄȄ௄ရঋሃᴽߞઆႽ߰೚޼ϘϼՐȞϟϩ 4 ୓ȟȂഺҞ ࢽ಩ЫᴽሃઆႽ߰Դчϯߞ೚޼Ȃ๒փੲᑂॗᒰᇊর೐ϟϩൢ‫ݙ‬Ꭲ গߞ෇ࣿȂഺҞକࢽӐѵ੡௟‫ڽ‬ԴԳϯߞ೚޼Ȅ௄ရ༟‫ܕ‬ૠᅆϠ᝷ ߞ঍ᄑȂᴽϵ঑യຕ‫ف‬Ȅ Դుӯᔂ೐ϟϩϘൢȂ௄ရሃѹૠȞഺႆ࣏ၐѭȟ௟՘ऎၐ࿒ ۶ᴽЄӔߞᅷឹȂҁেྻӖቈ֝ԴϘ୓ȂЙԓգ઼ઽȃդ᛼ȃժϸȃ ။෋ȃॴ᝱ȃዎཋȃೀಊȃૂ๭Ȅॗᒰ಩Ыऻ‫ڍ‬௄ရ૭ԴϠߞѕࠝ ҳᅬࠝȂ๒փգϘчᴽྻᄊ‫׃‬టߞ࿽Єॎ๒ҍ಩‫ݺ‬ϠবࡈȂీ᛼ȃ ኶ֿ෋ϠȂࣀా၍ϠȄԯթȂుӯᔂຕ‫ߞف‬੡৏Ȃॗᒰཊ࠳ࠫਵԨ ௄ ရ ॆ ِ ˕˕ ᴽ ࣏ ౐ ࣐ Ȃ Դ ᑢ ҫ ߞ ૔ ᑍ Н ቫ ফ ᗜ Ȅ Դ ൵ ࢢ ߞ ಳ ໪ ႆȂчሃԳԪ‫ۀ‬ȂӐѵߞᑖᗂ‫ی‬বᓉԪ୓‫ڽ‬ȄྲॠႮዩֽంчփফȂ উӠϞྲчྲԳȄੲᑂॗᒰߞ෡গȂഺಳ໪ߞКѕබ࣏ॠᒘȞᴽ࣏ ଁ տ ȃ ࿽ Є ȃ ѹ ȟȂ ᴽ ঋ ‫ د‬ഺ ಳ ໪ ᢏ ऎ ૌ ᅁ Ȅ ഺ ຕ Ꭲ ѽ ௄ ရ ۶ ૠ ऎ Кѕ࣏ྍਫ਼К‫ڰ‬Ȃԯऎుӯᔂߞ༟ඞӨබሲ‫ށ‬ഺ࣏ॠᒘ௄ရߞʝᝯ ‫ݺ‬ॠᒘ௄ရߞుӯȄ ‫ݥ‬ዝਫϯߞॗᒰࢨዹண࿰‫ێ‬ҁॗᒰ੩ۡߞ௄ရᎢȉഺயᛟЙ ᝱԰ຍȄԴుӯᔂϛൢ 17 ြ௄ရᄊߎϠȂ௲ታᴽߞЄӔ݀ࣿѪࣵ ࿚Ȃሃॗᒰᇊর೐ϩൢȞѧႵॗϟϩϘൢȟह֬Ȃ‫ڤ‬ႆ௄ရ֋ᇍऎ ՀߎϠȄҞ࣏ȂॗᒰԴుӯᔂϩϝൢ 13 ြડϞၾКၾȞLogosȟϘ ໟߞᕕӡўՑȂሃॗᒰᇊর೐Ϙൢߞ഍ᄩ࢝ЙहԢȄഺႆߞၾᄊԴ Ȯ‫ࠝᜲݙ‬ข୊ȯߞႽȂઘф኶ֿўবȇ๒փȂԴॗᒰᇊর೐ϘൢȂ 88 ண ӎ ੩ ঱ 32Ȅ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ഺ࣏൹ൄሃాᡞߞ‫֒ڎ‬Ȅ‫޶֣ـ‬ȂॗᒰᇊরϘൢ 29 ြሃుӯᔂߞ ଁտहಳȂ‫߰ی‬ళӡЙԢߞؓ᜷ሬȞॗᒰᇊরӡ amnosȂుӯᔂӡ arnionȟȇॗᒰᇊরߞଁտ཈࣏୵ҝѵϠ။ពߞాᡞ߰Ȃփుӯᔂߞ ଁտ‫ࡒ֒ڎ‬Ғࣁాᡞሃ኶ֿȄԴॗᒰᇊরϩൢ 7 ြȂॠᒘ࣏ࠝȇԴ ుӯᔂϬൢ 20 ြȂᴽ૭ԴࠝҳᅬࠝȄॗᒰᇊরߞϠЄ࣏দঋߞᔝ ቟Ȃജാ֚ߞѹঋࢥྐඛᚒ຾ȂԴుӯᔂҹ཈࣏ৄӡ֭ѽನ੩೐ϛ ൢ‫ڽ‬இ᝷ѧȄ ᗁࣁփ‫ڏ‬ȂԴ‫ݥ‬ዝਫߞॗᒰሮᝊॗᒰ੩ۡߞ௄ရᎢȂ๒փҁߞ ᒸᎷЙԴ‫ب‬ᡚȃጀ঻Ȃ‫ݕ‬ཇቍȂփ࣏௟‫ߢݙ‬ႽߞգྍԳ ‫ؼ‬ஜȃ৒‫ؼ‬Ȃ ऎঋзԪҁঋཇቍߞࠫਿȄᑋᢜ‫ڽ‬ሲȂుӯᔂѧ‫ێ‬ҁॗᒰ੩ۡգ‫ـ‬ ԺЙԢፑ᜞ߞඔ໪۶ࢥྐȂ֭‫ێ‬ҁ੩ۡ‫ࠧڭ‬чుћᐯȂҹেٟգళ ӡ෡ᜱᄦ๪ߞሬ‫ڏ‬Ȅ‫ݙ‬գॗᒰ੩ۡߞԒԢᙇ࣏Ȉ࿂ϧ௻ᎠॠᒘНժ ߞদঋȃ௄ရߞૌᅁϠ‫ݑ‬ሃૠ‫ݑ‬Ȃѽфদ᎑෩ф௄ရߞᅷឹ۶ᴽജ пۖчϯȄҹে౮Й‫؟‬ᓕԳᕕӡૠЙԢߞԩՄሃᔝ቟Դॠᒘ‫ڗ‬ϯȂ ྰࢵ௄ရȂѽᴽऎૠȂদྲႚ៖๘щϠߞϘૠᎢȂऎঋзԪҁে‫ݙ‬ ᎘Ꭲߞ௄ရȄԯթȂ‫ا‬েҞѽഺዹሲȂԴྲॗႆȂϘ‫ڱ‬൵୼ኸըߞ ௄ရᎢҞԴుӯᔂඵ‫ر‬ఀۖȂ֭ॶሲుӯᔂ‫֋ڽ‬ಯӠॗᒰᇊরߞ஻ ЄȂഺϵЙ‫ږ‬ऎ‫܈‬Ȅ 89

W/!ంҰᓃ‫ޟ‬ᡝຘ ᐯ߰ា᠈ጤз୅Ꭲుӯᔂߞᢜ໗ȄԺዴᐯ߰ൌሮऎుӯᔂ࣏ч ుћᐯȂயᛟ࣏৹Ϙ᝷ȉ‫ا‬Դ‫־‬഍Џѹ௺ుӯᔂ࣏Ϙᇌ಄ԪћᐯȂ ҹх࣍๘щϠߞԐߢ۶ขዊཇ೚ȂഺӒ࣏֭ѽನ੩۶ుӯᔂߞ᝷ ࡭Ȅ 90 ࣏֭ԯऎҹߞᡝ߰ȂుӯᔂӅ༷Ԣ੡ന၉Դؓᜲჰ‫ߞڏ‬഍ᄩ ϭನႋȄԴ‫ا‬ে༟‫ܕ‬ໜ៖ࡈȂԐ୅Ꭲᢜ໗ߞயᛟȄ 89 බ ు ӯ ᔂ Ղ ֣ ௄ ရ ి мȂ‫ ڭ‬ѽ ௄ ရ Ꭲ ऎ К ѕ ߞ ᠜ ᎢȂண E. Lohse, “Wie christlickist die Offenbarung des Johannes?” NTS (1988): 321-38Ȅ 90 Witherington, Jesus the Seer, 216-45.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

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ֱؓ‫ڽ‬Ϡߞᛖ࡭чుћᐯሃчుћᐯൌ࣏ᇢԪ࢝Ժ‫ل‬ਫ਼փ՘ ߞȂՀᄊϘৎᆎ฻Ȃంұўϣব٢ۤ‫ل‬ਫ਼ȂҒࣁంؓ᜷॔Ю༟‫ߞܕ‬ ؓᜲ‫ل‬ਫ਼Ȅु‫ٿ‬чుћᐯᑢҫߞϠȂᅆుӯᔂ೐ϩϟൢদগࠧ๘щ Ϡຠ෋୽ߋߞૠ႖ȂЙྻྏۖᢘതȄည๒Ȃ๘щ֯߰ሃ๘щ௄ရਵ ֯߰ൌྻ‫ؼ‬኷ഺ‫ڽڱ‬࿚Ⴄਫ਼Ȃѽ೑ԪҁেϘૠᎢߞࠫ݇Ȅߤྻԯ૵ ዆ᠩ຾чుћᐯߞ๴ਣȂѹঋ࣏ߤྻᓾ֜Ȃ୓ԯ࣏ѽ֒ԕϠജᑃȂ ាփ࣏гЮбϩՐ҃๘щϠߞࡔᢏҵీȂၐԳജ֫ታȂ൵ࢢϵധႬ ѐࣟѐࡔᢏȞ the Bar Kokhba rebellionȟߞҵీգᝯȄࣙ‫ڱ‬๘щ௄ရ ਵȞᄊॗᒰȟҞକྻ௄‫ݺ‬ႃᔺߞ১ԯփ‫ؼ‬ᢏчుћᐯߞપᎳȞપ‫־‬ ࣏௄ရ‫ڰ‬Ԇ‫ݙ‬௲‫ߞڽ‬዆ᠩȟȄ๒փॗᒰߞుӯᔂȞሃҁߞ๘щࡈᏅȟ ѹঋ‫ߞڽֱؓۖۦ‬Ԑߢཇ೚዆ᠩȂ‫ێ‬ը࣏ขዊཇ೚Ȃփ‫ᜲؓۦ‬Ⴄਫ਼ ߞ዆ᠩႵьȂҁϵւዋۖ՝ง௄ရਵߞ੩ࠫཇ೚۶ॠᒘཇ೚Ȅ‫ڤ‬ ኃȂࢨዹऎഺ಄Ԫћᐯϭ‫ܠ‬၍ȉ ၐ၃ћᐯᐯྻȞ The Society of Biblical Literatureȟᗝᓱߞчు ћ ᐯ ु ୅ ྻ գ Հ ߞ ༟ ‫ ܕ‬Ȅ ҹ ᅆ ч ు ћ ᐯ ߞ ‫ ܠ‬၍ ࣏ Ȉȶ ௲ գ ృ গ ᅹ ࣛ ߞుӯћᐯȂుӯ࣏ᚣҁѵߞՅգཇຜϠ᝷ߞత՜߰Ȃঋ෬ᠨ੡༡ ȞਣౕӐѵాਾȟሃߩ༡ȞઘфҩϘ໹֋๒ѵधȟߞ໹಩ᅁȄȷ91 ѽ ໹֋๒ߞѵधሃӏ‫ڽ‬ႋ៖಩Ыѵ࠸ߞѵधȄԴుӯᔂȂॗᒰృগᝯ ‫ݺ‬чϯ۶໹໸ߞಳ໪Ȃऎঋᕒׄిྻࠫਵႋ៖‫ۦءڭ‬ည੡ߞ഍ᄩᏎ ჃȄళӡՀᄊ௜ፅߞў‫ޱ‬኷ຜӒ‫ڗ‬഍ԟᑟߞϠȂഺᢖ๒࣏Јಿߞћ ᐯ֯ࡡȄ ӐѵᣍᙇЙϘ‫࣏ܠ‬чు֯ࡡߞКѕࠫਿȂԯऎധԺ՝ง๘щћ ᐯሃ௄ရਵћᐯൌգഺᇌ‫ڍ‬ႋȂգ‫ڱ‬чు֯ࡡ‫ڭ‬Йᝯަӏ‫ߞڽ‬൵ࢢ ‫؛‬ᅗՂ֣ਣ༟Ȅчు֯ࡡѹঋళӡಳ໪ ˕˕ ၃௱࣏ҟ‫ݎ‬ሃ႒௺ߞླ ඔ۶ඔ໪Ȅգ‫ڱ‬чు֯ࡡවѼ؆ԑᝯަ‫ڽ‬ѵН੠ȂٟщԺᎢфϠ᝷ 91 J. J. Collins, ed. Apocalypse: The Morphology of a Genre, Semeia 14 (1979), 9. ሿ ᆬ ᔒ ᆬ ‫ ܒ‬Ȟ D. Helholmȟ ऎ ഺ ‫ ܠ‬၍ Ґ ϯ Ȉ ч ు ֯ ࡡ ࣏ ऎ ব ᅆ ԟ ᑟ ߞ ၏ ᢜ փ ኷ߞћᐯ຾֯Ȃᚣૠߞᡋࢃ‫ڽ‬ឍࡍ‫ݕ‬Չዐᡝ߰Ȅ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ᑢҫߞೣຕȂ෱‫ڏ‬НȂᑢҫՑчు֯ࡡЙ࣏ᑋৎᢜ໗ߞጀՑȄ ч ు ֯ ࡡ ߞ ੮ ѕ ࣏ ෬ ༟ ૛ ௜ ሃ ૌ ನ ˕˕ ‫ ׈‬ૠ ᅆ ԧ ᇌ ᎝ ᛟ ߞ ऻ ‫ޱ‬ȂҒࣁгӒሃ‫ڢ‬෋ߞயᛟȂૠՂ֣ႋٙȄంгЮࡈϟѵ॔ۖгЮ ϟѵ॔Ȃգ๘щ഍ᄩߞԐߢࠫਿЂԺ‫ף‬գчుћᐯߞ‫؛‬ՑȂҹх࣍ ֯߰ߞࠫ݇Ȃሮऎ֋ЎࣿԴԐߢࠫਿᕕᢚߞ੡҃Ȃԯթࢥ༓ૠՂ֣ ႋٙϠ᝷ߞ‫ק‬ᄩȄчుћᐯߞᢖ຾‫ݑ‬Ꮃϵх࣍ѽϭੲಎ࣫‫ࠫߞ۽‬ ݇ȈૠߞЄӔ഍‫ݺ‬གླ੡งȂૠ෠ᇒϘзȂᴽᅆࠫਵߞ՞ྍᘘӏ؆ ԑᢖ‫ށ‬Ȃᴽߞ঍ᄑঋᄊ૛௜ଠ෬ӯҍ‫ڽ‬ȂԯऎϠ᝷ᑢҫ࣊ૠ૛ѷ᎑ ᛔȄ ‫ا‬ሮऎంཇ೚ߞԐߢࠫਿᚼᢏۖчు֯ࡡߞѹԯȂЙ࣏ԯऎٟ գ ཇ ೚ ল ੾ ߞ Ԑ ߢ ࢆ ‫ ט‬ૠ ᓞ ۶ ࣉ ֖ ૠ ᚹ Ȟ ‫ ڼ‬Ղ ࣉ ࣾ ॗ ᒰ ȟȂ փ ࣏ ԯ ऎፁࠫૠߞЄӔӒ഍‫ݺ‬Ӑѵߞᐌ‫ށ‬Ȃ‫ݕ‬ᅁቫϯ഍‫ݺ‬Ӑѵ੡งȄ൵ࢢ ߞ‫ڰ‬ԆఐЏԴుஜКȂ‫ڗ‬഍ഺᇌᖖᄩȂ᎘ᎢӐџຕ؊ӒԪ੡‫ܢ‬Ȅԯ թȂᑢҫՑчు֯ࡡԴгЮ 70 Րѽࢢߞ๘щћᐯሃ೐ϟȃϬѵ॔ ߞ௄ရਵћᐯКȂ༟‫ുܕ‬ᆙઐҵȂജ‫ڽ‬ѵН੠ȞՂ֭ϚߞȮૠաȯ Ȧ Dante's Divine Comedyȧȟ ‫ ҃ ۤ ݙ‬Ȅ ӏ ‫ ڽ‬Ӑ ѵ Ꭲ ജ ‫ ڽ‬ѵ Ӑ ѵ Ꭲ ۤ ҃Ȅ೐Ϙѵ॔ࢢȂࠫਵᇦ෪ിᗜँӐѵᎢȞimminientist eschatologyȟ ߞјുᆙ᛫ᐻȂഺૌᅁఐ޶‫ݺڍ‬๘щћᐯሃ௄ရਵћᐯȄӏ‫ँڽ‬Ӑ ѵᣍ෩‫ڻ‬ധԺգᝯॠᒘߞႋ៖Ȃѽфࠐง௄ရਵ۶ుӯᔂ֯߰ߞࠫ Ԉ‫ڀ‬೚Ȅ 92 ॶᣢुؓᜲћᐯ֯ࡡȂ࢝‫أ‬බߢႽಳిѵधգ෼჆ߞࠫ݇Ȃሮ ऎૠेሃҗૠे‫ڹ‬ӡᄱ۶ಳ໪ԨϠ᝷ᢖӯૌನ۶ࢽєȄ 93 ๒փȂЙ ඏᄱ۶ಳ໪Ⴌॗᒰᡝ߰ನႋుӯᔂहᝯȂԴؓᜲѵधȂϵҒ‫ף‬ૠᓞ ཇ೚Ȃഺઘф‫ז‬ѳ۶࢓஼ߞា‫ݚ‬Ȅഺ᝷‫ل‬ਫ਼‫ݺڍ‬Ȯ֘Ϫૠᓞፔȯ Ȟ the Sibylline OraclesȟȂ ం Ȯ ֘ Ϫ ૠ ᓞ ፔ ȯ ೐ ϣ ۡ ᗝ Ϙ ৎ ‫ ڼ‬Є බ ‫ ږ‬௉Ȃ 92 ‫ د‬ు ӯ ᔂ ሃȮ ག ୺ ȯȞ Hermasȟѧ Ⴕ ۶ ᅆ ѧȂබ ‫ ށ‬Ө Ӑ ѵ Ꭲ ߞ һ Ђ ᚼ ᢏȄண ‫ا‬ ߞ ੩ Ȉ Jesus the Seer, 371-78Ȅ 93 Witherington, Jesus the Seer, 353-57.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

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ҹ֬Ѽሮऎ‫ߞߏڰ‬ຕ؊Դࡣ዇‫ډ‬ȞHadrianȟߞ೚޼੡งȂႬుӯᔂ ߞ኷֯џงहუϟϩՐѽаȈ Н ࢢȂ‫ ݛ‬Ϛ ѳ ߞ ೐ б ҃ Ӆ Ϟ ຕ ҹ ൵ ࢢ ߞ Ӡ ‫ۻ‬Ȃ‫ڭ‬኿ ౢ ѳ ‫ه‬Ȅփ Ԣ ౉ ߞ ҩ Ϙ ѳ Ӆ ෠ ᡋȂҁ Ӆ ೚ ޼ ԑ ԳȂњ୨ ಿ Ժ ᡋ ཕȄҁ Ӆᚣ ૠ ๑ झ ճ ߞ ᓖ Ѐ ᇒ ޼ ‫ ۊ ێ‬ЃȂ‫ ڭ‬ҁЙ ྭ ஜ Н ‫ ۊ‬Ѓ ߞ ౉ ᝷Ȅԯթ Ӆ գ ჰ ‫ ڏ‬༉ ง Գ ๴ ҍȂබ ࣏Ӆ ྻ գ ϩ У ৎ ѳ ᇒ ޼ ਄ фȄ๒ ࢢည ኂ ஖ȞPhoenixȟߞ ੡ ҃ ‫ ڽ‬ᗜȂ‫ ៳׈‬೐ У ৎ Ր ง ߞ ੡ ৏ Ȍ Ȍ ҁ ঋ ࿑ ࿝ ԧ ౉ ߞ ϠȂዴ Й౻ ߞ ൊ ౉Ȃ‫ ڽ ֱ ؓڭ‬Ϡ ߞ ஼ȄН ࢢȂࠠ င ෻Ȟ AresȟӅ ঋ ࠵ ၲ ࠠ င ෻Ȃҁ Ӆ ᓐ ֋ ઐ ୵ ᜲ ୺ Ϡ ௞ ᑖ ߞ ࢃ ଎ Ȅ ԯ ऎ ᜲ ୺ ࢓ ஼ ᘵ ฅ ᗄ ಽȂ֭Џ ཉ ᚬȂҹ ϫ࣏ ҟ ҃ ࣳ Ꮠ ಿ ࡱ ߞЃ ѳȄညᜲ ୺ ం ‫ڽ ࡈ ڲ ֘ ڲ‬Ȃ‫ ڽ‬ሃ ࠠ င ෻ Ϙ Ԣ ఀ ർ ੡Ȃҁන ៝ߞ Գ Ͽ Ӆ Й ԓ ఀ ർ Ȅ ည ҁ ؆ ՘ ഺ Ϙ з ‫ ࢢ ڰ‬Ȃ බ ࡈ ‫ ڽ‬ജ ᓩ ᣠ ߞࡱȄ ְӅᆕ‫ږ‬ϬৎϬպұϩϣՐࢢȂรዷߞтႻӅԴթ੡ᗜְۖ ‫ ڗ‬Ȃ ᆕ ‫ ߞ ְ ږ‬ԩ Մ ȄȞȮ ֘ Ϫ ૠ ᓞ ፔ ȯ 8.131-150ȟȄ 94

‫ݛ‬Ϛѳߞ೐б҃࢝Ҟକࢽш‫ݛ‬ᇯ‫ڲ‬ਛ౉ȂҺု࣏೐б֜൶ዩȂ ‫ڶ‬ըؔҁ៳‫ݺ‬೐б҃ȞѧႵుӯᔂߞዲ௄ရ҃ࠑϠߏҺုߞዴՄ 666ȟȄ ‫ ا‬෩ ҍ ഺ ‫ ڼ‬Є Ȃ ࣏ ঋ ᝋ ‫ ށ‬ҳ ‫ ڣ‬Ϡ ᅆ ు ӯ ᔂ ‫ ڭ‬Й Ϙ ‫ ۖ ྏ ܠ‬প ӠȂҁেࠧ௱ጢఉഺ‫ڱ‬ሃϠ᝷ᑢҫգᝯߞᄱȃಳ໪ȃૠᓞȂѦ༷ႎ ೟ሮᝊ๘щϠߞዴՄయᇖ‫ޱ‬ȞgematriaȟȂϵକϞႋుӯᔂЙԢዴՄ ໪ወߞྍ၍Ȅ๘щчుߞ‫؛‬໪գᅈྲߞᢏмȂ๒փࣇ‫ڰ‬Ъ࣏ᝯ‫ࣆݺ‬ ޼‫ڰ‬Ԇȃ೚޼߰ߞᒸଽȃԳாȃҁেߞ੡༡۶‫ܞ‬ြȄഺৎؓᜲ഍ᄩ ϵሲ‫ށ‬Ȃॗᒰߞᡝ߰ЙҞକ‫د‬ుӯᔂऻऎࠧᑢҫߞࢽԨȄ‫ـ‬ፁзԳ ሲȂҹ࣏௲գ໪ወྍ၍ߞԐߢ‫ل‬ਫ਼Ȃઘфᑢҫ੡งȂє་Ϡ᝷௟‫ڽ‬ ߞೣ؊Ȃ෬ӯ೚ᇒေգߞ໹֋๒ᘳ᚟ϧ༓ЬϢϠ᝷ߞህҭȄ

94 ཀ ੲ ࣋ ፠Ȉ Ȯ ௄ ရ ి ‫ ۏ‬ҳ ћ ឥ ˕˕ ᚞ ॗ ፔ ȯ೐ ϟ ҊȞ শ สȈ௄ ရ ి ћ ᜹ ҍ ߍ ߤȂ 2002ȟȂ ঱ 127Ȅ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

‫ا‬՝ࡈᅆԐߢࠫਿ‫ٿुߞ֯ݙ‬Ȃฅ၃෩ҍϘৎদᙇȈӅ༷жᓰ Ԑߢߞ၃ᢚȃԐߢߞࠑႿȃԐߢߞཇ೚Ȅుӯᔂߞ੩ࠫࣛᅹᝋ‫ށ‬ҹ Й཈࣏Ԑߢ၃ᢚߞᘂӎȇ‫ـ‬ፁзԳሲȂഺ࣏Ԑ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰੲᑂҁߞಳ ໪Ȃ‫ݕ‬ంֱؓ‫ڽ‬ၐ၃ࠪԍϭ‫ݙ‬х࣍ߞಳ໪Ȃѽф‫ێ‬ҁЙԢႤਫ਼ࢸԪ փ՘ߞ᎑ᛔћᐯ຾֯ȄॗᒰԐգಳ໪Ȃ๒ࢢѽчుў Ցዤ኷Ԑߢࠫ ਿȂҁЙඏ኷ϭ‫ߞڍऻݙ‬ಳ໪Ȃϵւዋۖᡝ߰Ղ֣త՜ಳ໪ߞࠫ ਿȄഺྍۧՂ‫ލ‬ॗᒰሃᡝٟ߰գ໼ᛓȂ‫ا‬েҞକ؆ԑٟգчు຾ ֯ Ȃ ҁ Ҟ ѽ ӡ Ͼ গ ў Ց ሃ ి ྻ ж ‫ ڳ‬ಳ ໪ Ȟ ည ҁ ে ۖ ‫ ߞ ڽ‬੡ ৏ ȟȂ փ Ѧ༷‫ڶ‬ᓥћᐯϯߞ൹֯Ȅ ‫ا‬েЙᕕྐᄊॗᒰԴ‫ݥ‬ዝਫϯԐѿ೟ᣢुֱؓ‫ڽ‬ၐ၃Ȃ๒ࢢЖ ൹֯Ϙৎࢸะփ՘ߞћᐯ֯ࡡȄညಳ໪ᗜۖॗᒰ੡Ȃҁ‫ێ‬ᅁЏ၃ϩ жጢఉၐ၃Ȃϵϩжጢఉಽ֖‫ᜲؓݺ‬ѵधߞૠ႖ඔ໪Ȅॗᒰᡘ‫ڍ‬ ߞȂҁҞକਮЙԺുՄୃᔂϭ‫ڽ‬ȇҁऻ‫ߞڍ‬Ȃබண࿰ၝઔႆߞ዆ᄊ ෡গҍ‫ڽ‬ȄညϠऻ‫ڍ‬ඔ໪۶໪ወҟ‫ݎ‬ԳࢸԪ੡ȂබӅ༷ѽ᝷ѧߞў Ց ‫ ڽ‬෡ গ ‫ ڤ‬ৎ ၃ ᢚ Ȟ ‫ ݙ‬ѽ ྻ দ ᎑ ‫ ڹ‬ӡ ȶ ҹ Հ ᄊ Ȍ Ȍ ȷ ഺ ѯ ሬ ȟȂ Ғ ࣁႻӡླඔߞȃໍᅹߞȃሬ௲ᛕᝯߞሬ‫ڏ‬ȄԯթӅ༷ం໪ወߞ෼჆ ྍ ၍ Ϣ ј Ȟ ഺ ႋ ៖ ऎ ֣ ు ӯ ᔂ କ Ⴍ ҃ ཇ ቍ Ȃ ఀ ѽ ࠲ Յ ȟȄ ๒ փ ѓ ႘ ߞ࣏ȂчుՑԐߢࠫਿ࣏ቮঋႚ៖‫ݕ‬ႋ៖ߞȂҹ࣏Ϙᇌᄊ௜ፅଠߞ ሬ‫ڏ‬ȂϠॶᅆഺᇌፑ᜞ߞᎢগٟգሮᝊȂබྻላԴᄁႆȄ ֹ৖‫ڂ‬Ȟ J. CrenshawȟԪನԳಟྐԐߢ຾֯ߞዤ኷຀ؔȂҒࣁȈ Ϙȃታ‫ۦ‬ుӯȇϟȃхषȇϬȃࠑႿȇұȃጛჹ႐ҮȇУȃኧҐњ ࢺᎢᑂȂбȃᆊᜯȄᄊుӯᔂߞчు຾֯Ҟକਇӡഺৎ຀ؔȄ 95 ೐ϘȂԐߢߞ၃ᢚҞକҒࣁᡘ‫ڍ‬႐ໟȂഺ‫ڱ‬႐ᆇҞକ࣏ѽᆇա ߞ‫؛‬ՑࠑႿҍ‫ڽ‬ȞѧႵుұ 8ʂ11ȂУ 9ʂ14ȟȄ೐ϟȂ֌ьԴుӯ ᔂߞఐ޶ȂԐ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰٟգᆊᜯഺൊ຾֯Ȟൊж‫ݕ‬ԑൊൌٟգȇҞକ 95 թ ഍ త ຾ ߞ ࣏ ቲ ऎ Й ह Ԣ ߞ ‫ ؛‬Ց Ȃ ‫ ֯ ݬ ڍ‬Ȉ Jesus the Seer, 359-71 Ȅ ண J. Crenshaw, "Transmitting Prophecy across Generations" (paper presented at the annual meeting of the SBL, Orlando, Fla., Nov. 23, 1998)Ȅ

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ᐱᎢ

Ӥ ཇ ቍ ࠫ ਿ ߞ Ϡ ‫ ێ ݕ‬ҁ ௄ ရ ਵ ᆊ ᜯ ҍ ‫ ڽ‬ȟȄ ੲ ᑂ ഺ ৎ Ԑ ߢ ‫ ل‬ਫ਼ ߞ ु ‫ٿ‬Ȃ֬ѼЙԢߞԐߢ۶Ԑ‫ڍ‬ታ‫ۦ‬ుӯ੡Ȃൌգ႐ໟߞЮ૵Ȅ႐ҮЙ Ϙ‫࣏ܠ‬၃ჅࢢงጛჹߞȄ࣏֭ȂుӯᔂЙ ཈࣏෡গ၃ᑢߞᘂӎȄЙ ᇒഺ‫ڱ‬ᢸႆ၃ᑢȞ࿋кРȂ‫ר‬ೝထ᡹ཐଢ଼ȌȌȦుϘ 10ȧȟߞаਟ ࣏तኃȂ಩գߞుӯᔂ࣏ѽћᐯߞј‫ڽޱ‬ሲ‫އ‬ȃឍࡍවৎ௄ရਵߤ ၏Ȃҁে࿂ቮఀۖߺ‫ܠ‬ȃᄁᔽȃࢽӯȄЙঋ݆໛ҹߞ৒᝜۶ґକȄ ಩ԴঋᚎರԳᏦ᠓ుӯᔂߞᏇᅏ۶аਟȞ‫ୃ؞־‬ւዋᢜ໗ߞԯ ૵ ȟȄ ు ӯ ᔂ ፁ ᅁ գ Й Ԣ ߞ ‫ ڽ‬ѵ ಳ ໪ Ȃ ‫ ݙ‬ѽ Ȃ ҹ Й ཈ ᎘ Ꭲ ч ϯ ๴ Ӡ ߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȂԐ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰϵЙ཈ᄊ՝ง๘щ‫ݕ‬௄ရਵߞૠ૛ѹ၍߰Ȅుӯ ᔂߞᑢҫ۶ӐѵኸবЙ཈‫ݺڍ‬੩ࠫߞ༟‫ܕ‬ൊжȂϵ‫ྲݺڍ‬чྲԳࡈ ࿑࿝ߞ෡গȄԐ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰ‫ݙ‬ᝯަߞч௅Ȃ࣏ৎ࢝ࠕߞԳўȇҁ‫ݙ‬ᝯަ ߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȂ࣏ ௟ ࠕྻ๴Ӡ ߞȞ֌ьҁѽऎ࣏ȟȄҁЙ ཈௞ ަч ϯ ߞ ‫ ڰ‬Ȃ ϵ௞ަԳϯߞ‫ڰ‬Ȅϵധ಩҃ϠཉԨж༟៳ѵሃ៳ᢸȂ‫ݕ‬ϲ࠸ሃ໹ ๒Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽᅆ‫ݺ‬чԳН༡ߞӹࣹȂᅆ‫ݺ‬Ӈ༟ߞчф‫ۦ‬዆ᠩߞԳȂѽ֌ ᅆ‫ݺ‬чԳߞԪ‫ۀ‬ȞుӯᔂϟϩϘ֌ϟϩϟൢȟൌЙྏᒸᎷȄॗᒰ‫ڭ‬ ࠧѽ‫ڽ‬ѵߞӖࢮᣍ‫҃ۤڽ‬՝ง‫ـ‬๺ዶߞᑢҫӐѵᣍȂփ࣏‫߰ید‬಄ Ԫ୓‫ڽ‬ȄҪঋᔌྍѧႵϘϭȮག୺ߎϠ੩ȯ Ȟ the Shepherd of Hermasȟ ‫֭ݕ‬ϚߞȮૠաȯȞ‫ߞڸـ‬ᓴᑄȟȂබߢႽుӯᔂКӐѵᣍߞᅁቫྍ ၍Ȅ 96 ҩϘўবȂ‫ا‬েЙକ஄‫ܠ‬ॗᒰ཈ళӡૠ૛ඔ໪‫ڽ‬෡গѵ࠸ߞ಩ ᅁȄҁЙ཈हࠫૠȃ௄ရȃч‫ڹ‬ȂϵहࠫҁেሃϠ᝷ԴԳϯᅚ௱ߞ ТஜȄ‫ڼ‬Ղч‫ڹ‬Й࣏Ϡ᝷ߞ໪ወȄЙঋജчుඔ໪ߞ႒௺પ‫ݑ‬ሃ৒ ᝜ј‫ޱ‬ሱᐱȂѽऎഺ‫لڱ‬ਫ਼ٟգࢽԨȄҹেፁᅁգ‫ࢽݙ‬ԨȂգ੡ࢽ ԨϠȂգ੡ࢽԨ໹֋๒ߞϠߏȄ ుӯᔂళӡ෼჆ߞླඔ໪ወȂЙ࣏Մ၍ߞ෡গȂ࣏֭‫ا‬েЙᕕ

96 ᅆ ‫ ڽ‬ѵ ߞ ృ গ Ȃ ண C. Rowland, The Open Heaven: A Study of Apocalyptic in Judaism and Early Christianity (New York: Crossroad, 1982)Ȅ

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ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ѽऎҹ‫ࢽࠧڭ‬Ԩॗᒰ‫ݙ‬हࠫߞ಩ᅁȄॗᒰȞᄊԺዴၐ၃֯߰ȟ௞ަ ૠԴ੡ߩК‫ాߞ֯ݙ‬ᡞሃ኶ֿȄԯթȂҁႬ๘щཇ೚ሃ௄ရਵཇ೚ ߞԐߢԐ‫ڍ‬ϘዹȂҁেᝯަૠЄӔߞӏ‫ڽ‬ȂЙ཈ԴчϯȂϵԴԳϯȂ ഺሃ཈ᝯަчϯߞૠ૛ಳ໪Ȃ‫ݕ‬ቿႼ໪ҳߞ‫ڽ‬ѵН੠Ȃ‫ݺܧ‬чϯ۶ чϯߞࣿஜȂൌ࣏գ‫ߞ־‬Ȅॗᒰ࣏‫׎‬Դၐᢸႆ་Ϣ‫ڽ‬ѵН੠Ȃഺ࣏ ‫ߞ៉ߋۍ‬᎝ᛟȄ๒փȂ‫ـ‬Ҟକߞ࣏Ȃॗᒰ࣏༶ؔԳత‫ۦ‬ుӯȄҁߞ ୃᔂЙᄊѽᓚߞч௅Н੠ȄգϠሮऎॗᒰЙඏᝯަჰ‫ڏ‬੡༡ϯߞ঍ ᇖȂϵᝯަჰ‫ߞڏ‬ᅁᎳȄഺ‫ڍ‬ႋ๑ᎢՂ֣ᓾሱȂॗᒰፁᅁ൘‫ށ‬ᑢҫ ߞӏ‫ڽ‬ሃ௄ရԓ‫ڽ‬੡Ϡ᝷ᑢҫߞᗁຕȄ ෺ ླྀ ৖ ೻ ᅆ ഺ ᎝ ᛟ ߞ ᗁ ຕ ৃ ఀ ࢥ ւ Ȉȶ ՝ ง ௄ ရ ਵ ߞ Ԑ ߢ ࠫ ਿ ѽчు‫؛‬ՑࠑႿȂ՝ง௄ရਵߞчు֯ࡡӤ՝ง௄ရਵԐߢ෡኷Ȃ ՝ง௄ရਵߞԐߢࠫਿ࣏Դၐᢸႆߞҍૠ၃ᢚȌȌ࣏ҍ‫ݺ‬ૠߞૠ ૛ుӯȄȷ 97 ᅆ‫ݺ‬ഺৎᎢগȂЙЂԪᏋߞ࣏Ȃഺ஄നϞ‫ݙ‬գ՝ง௄ ရਵߞԐߢࠫਿൌ࣏ѽഺᇌ‫؛‬ՑࠑႿȃ‫ݕ‬ѽчు຾֯ऎҹߞѹঋᢜ ໗ȂփԐߢࠫਿ࣏ҹߞЄ༰Ȅ֭ഺԑ࣏ᅆߞȈчు֯ࡡȞᄊॗᒰߞ ుӯᔂȟທᅆЙ࣏૷ћᐯಯࡡȄҹউӠ֋ԐߢȂ࢙௄‫ݺ‬Ԑߢߞ၃ᑢȄ ෺ླྀ৖೻ϵӒፁࢽҍȂుӯᔂሃ՝ง௄ရਵߞԐߢࠫਿգѽϭԒ഼ ᙇȈҹ࣏ॠᒘ௄ရ‫ݕ‬ᝯ‫ݺ‬ॠᒘ௄ရߞӐѵుӯȂԴ௄ရਵྰࢵКሪ ᡝȂѹঋӫߞ࣏ឍࡍ۶௻мߤ၏ȄҹЙ࣏ৎϠ‫ټ‬գߞȂփ࣏ᄥᢜԒ գߞȂԯҹЙᄊؓᜲߞԐߢࠫਿȄ௄ရਵߞԐߢࠫਿሃчు֯ ࡡ‫ڭ‬ ࠧӡ֯԰ຍ‫ټ‬Ϡߞᓙ႙Ȅ ుӯᔂ৒᝜ߞѹঋ֯ӡ࣏ຜПࠐง௄ရਵᅆຠ෋ȃాᡞȃ኶ֿ ߞ‫ڍ‬ႋȄుӯᔂԨᡝ߰෬ӯȂ໹֋๒ϧ༓Դ಩ᅁ०ࢢЍ֯Ȃ዆ᠩϠ ᝷џ௱ӠࣿȄᚎ‫ڏ‬НȂుӯᔂᢖ๒ҒࣁգনߞϟЮᎢȂҹߞࠫਿ௱ ࣏ Ȉȶ ᘵ ๒ ‫ ڢ‬෋ ֬ Ѽ ఀ ർ Ȃ ૠ Ъ Դ ч ϯ Ȃ Դ Ꮛ ည ੡ ৏ ေ ߏ ሃ ѵ ध ௟ ྻ԰෇Ӓ௱ȄȷϠӠߞೣ࿂ӫዾ࣏໹໸ժϸߞȂ‫ڽ࣏ݕ‬ӠȂ‫࣏ݕ‬Գ 97 Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 149.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

ϯߞࢢ҃Ȃ‫߰یݕ‬र࣏Ȅഺ‫ࡡ֯ڱ‬ຜϠϘᇌ಴ᛓ۶ඉҵᡋϧߞྏ ះȂѹঋ௻Ꭰૠߞѹᡋ۶ૠᅆϠ᝷‫ڰ‬சߞВჰȂຜϠ᝷ႋٙ‫ק‬ᄩߞ ۞໸ў੯ȂᐐᇒϠ᝷ߞ‫ׅ‬ϧ‫ڭ‬Й࣏౮๑ྍ၍ߞȄ ಩ԴӒՀԺᙇ᎘Ꭲుӯᔂ໪ወߞԺদྍ၍ȄԴుӯᔂ೐ϩϬൢ ۶೐ϩϛൢ‫ۦ‬ཋߞ᜙Ҟକ‫ླࠧڭ‬ӯҺုȂ๒փॗᒰৄӡૠ႖ߞ‫؛‬ ໪Ȃ௟Һု෡኷ऎዲ௄ရߞ҃ࠑȂϘৎ‫୼ـ‬ኸߞ‫ڢ‬෋Ȅ֯߰ߢႽҺ ုٟգ๴෭᜙ߞ‫ݙ‬գ‫ྍף‬Ȃ๒փҁፁᅁѽҺုऎ‫ڼ‬ȄഺҞକᘘգ‫ێ‬ ҁඔ໪Ȃԯऎॗᒰ‫ݙ‬ሲߞ࣏ჰ ࠑȄഺ‫ڱ‬໪ወߞႋ៖࣏գዅ‫ߞݑ‬Ȃࢷ ‫ێ‬પᎳж‫ޘ‬ȂփࠧࢷՄ၍ȄుӯᔂҒ‫ף‬௄ရߞԧዹ෡ᜱȈᙯ֕ᐼЀȃ ജ౭ଁտȃ࿽ЄȃӨ᐀ցϠȂഺ‫ڱ‬෡ᜱ࣏ঋ෬ӯᴽߞપᎳ۶֖ஜȄ ԴഺўবȂഺ‫ڱ‬໪ወ࿂ᄊ಩҃ߞࣆ޼ҙ഼ᆝ๪Ȅ чుћᐯ௄ӎϯ࣏ЈಿћᐯȂत֌࣏ँ‫ڀ‬ћᐯȂ៳‫ᜲؓݺ‬ѵध ըћмߞϘൊжȄഺ᝷ћᐯ኷‫ݺ‬ԟᑟ੡งȞऎবᅆԟᑟ‫ݕ‬Ⴠঝߞ ϠȟȂ֭ഺሲ‫ڭޱ‬Й࣏ ທᅆߞȇ๒փȂҹፁ ᅁ࣏኷ຜ ֋ះ଑਴ ߞ Ϡ Ȃ ҁেࣿԴሃҁেߞѵधᣍᅟ๒ЙԢߞѵधȄѽుӯᔂऎ‫ڼ‬ȂҞକգ ‫ږ‬௉аᝋᢖӯҁেᏎ‫ۦ‬ჀঝȂत֌આႽȂѧงౕК‫ـ‬ԺȄ ๑‫ݎ‬ѼчుՑ֯ࡡ௱ઘфࣆ޼ߞኸবȂᎢфϠ᝷ߞᢖ຾ᡋཕᅆ ૠЄӔ‫ۻ‬Ⴛߞ዆ᠩȄЙᎢ࣏ుӯᔂ௟ᜲ୺෡ᜱऎ಩҃ߞѐѧ৖Ȃ‫ݕ‬ ࣏֭ѽನ੩෡ᜱ᜙࢓஼ߞཇ‫ݚ‬Ȃഺ᝷ᛟӫԴчుћᐯႆ௱ྻҍ಩Ȃ ЙჅ‫ݣ‬ϯϞчు໪ወ۶ඔ໪ߞব૲Ȃᡝ߰Ӆ༷ѽ؊аϠߞ‫ڗ‬жҝྏ ‫ࢽݙۦ‬ӯߞᅆ໪ȃ᠜Ꭲ۶ᕕധߞᘌԨȄчుћᐯԴഺўবߡతం๘ щԐߢߞ‫ل‬ਫ਼փ‫ڽ‬ȂညКߞ஼ਛ۶೚޼߰ȞҒࣁѽ֒ԕȟ൯‫زۦ‬ໞȇ ๒փȂഺႆߞ‫ز‬ໞ࣏؊ҳϠȞഺ‫ڱ‬Ϡٟգఠۘࣆ޼་ਣߞᡋ‫׀‬ȟѽ ؊аϠߞሬ‫ڏ‬ሲҍ‫ڽ‬Ȅ ЙඏӤ‫ݺ‬஼ਛ࿝ϸȃϵ࣏Ӥ‫ݺ‬ዲ໛۶х୯౉ߞҳ‫ڣ‬ཕϧȂ๘щ Ԑߢ۶ҁেߞࠫਿಯӠᢏмȄჃ‫ڍ‬ഺᇌ഍ᄩȂ๘щ௄ရਵԐߢൌ࣏ ҳඛԐߢȂ௱ྻႻӡ௜ፅሬ‫ڽ ڏ‬ཇႿࠫਿȄంѕನᐯփ‫ڏ‬Ȃঋւዋ ҁেሃ‫ߞిܟ‬КѕॠႮዩֽߞᝯ࠼Џ၃зᙝȞබՂॗᒰԴ‫ڲ‬೟‫֘ڲ‬

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ൊ ߞ ௄ ရ ਵ ߤ ၏ ȟȂ ు ӯ ჰ ง ѽ Ⴕ Й ౻ ෽ ȃ Ղ ᗻ ଠ ߞ ў Ց ཇ ຜ ૠ ߞ ЄӔȂഺ࣏Ӥ‫ݺ‬ҁেሃૠᗜԴߞКѕह໼࢝ቈȄ чుћᐯߞ໪ወዴՄ࣏࢝ᎷߞȂϘ‫ܠ‬ঋԺ᎘ዴՄయᇖ៖၃‫ޱ‬Ȅ ഺႆ௱দ᎑ߞዴՄգұȃϛȃϩȃϩϟȂѽфҹেߞ঺ዴȂሮᝊϛ գཪᆕ‫ݕ‬؆ԑߞ‫ྍף‬ȂЙඏ‫ށ‬ӨుӯᔂႆԞߞዴӫȞϘ‫ڀ‬ԕ؆ᑋѷ ԑবߞ኶ֿȟȂϵߢႽऎ֣ዲ௄ရߞዴՄ࣏ 666Ȟҹ҃ࠑ಄གྷѷЙ؆ ԑȟ Ȅည᎘Ꭲ੡༡ൊжȂഺᇌћᐯϵգ᝱ѽ੏੓‫ݕ‬षರߞཉԨ˕˕ Ӓ Ղ֭ѽನ੩ߞΙၷȃΠၷȃјၷȂ‫ݕ‬ҁᅆॠ‫׀‬ռ੩ϛϩՐߞႋ៖Ȅ ๒փȂЙᎢ๘щϠ‫ݕ‬௄ရਵߞчు֯ ࡡȂൌЙਟ‫ݽ‬࿤ፁ঍ᇖӐџН ࡈᘘൺϭԺьџЄȄᐯ߰௱ജഺ‫ی‬ৎዴՄ‫ק‬ᙘȂഺ‫ی‬ৎዴՄԴ֭ѽ ನ੩‫ށ‬ᢖࢽԨԢϘ੡งȂѦ༷ऻऎদྲ঍ᇖ‫ࢢݕ‬ง፠ᓭߞ৒ӒȄ஄ ॶ ዴ Մ ࣏ ໪ ወ Ȟ ‫ ڼ‬Ղ ϛ ߞ ঺ ዴ ‫ ݕ‬ϛ ߞ Ϙ җ ȟȂ බ Ѧ ༷ ᄘ ႏ ঍ ᇖ ҹ ߞ ᇟፁዴՄȄዴՄ҃ࠑ੡งȂࠑӯૠԴٙ‫ܠ‬ϘзȄӤ‫ݺ‬ૠߞ෠ᇒȂ‫ڢ‬ ෋ሃ‫ॴۦ‬௟ঋԴ੡༡ࣙᙇϯೣѤȄഺ‫ڱ‬ዴՄࠑӯഺൌྻჅҝȂ‫ݕ‬ഺ ൌྻ՘ऎჅҝȄҁে‫ࠧڭ‬ঋ‫־‬Ϡჰเҟ҃‫ݕ‬಩҃ࢷ੡༡Ԑࢢ‫ݙ‬๴Ӡ ߞ‫ڰ‬Ȅ ๒փȂ஄ॶԴԪನߞ๺งаȂг၍ᘘӏᅓᢖȂ‫ࢨڤ‬ኃዹȉഺᇌ г၍ᅆ਴ཕߤ၏ܼᓵᅓᢖߞྍᝊȂ௻Ꭰ‫ڽ‬Ӡ۶ӐџߞӦ㧫ȂཊӠϞ ుӯћᐯȄчు֯ࡡϘўব௱୅Ꭲг၍۶ࣆ޼ߞ᎝ᛟȂҩϘўবᅆ ҩϘৎѵध۶‫ڽ‬ӠࠑӯᒸᎷȄԯऎॶٟգ‫ڽ‬ӠȂЫӠߞᓾሱබӖቈ ЙᖔᖣӒȂૠߞг၍බജᎳᆷȄ чుћᐯȂэ‫࣏ێ‬чుՑԐߢࠫਿȂ௱ྻ୅Ꭲૠ၍Ꭲ Ȟ theodicyȟȄ‫ڼ‬ՂుӯᔂদӦߞȂЙඏ࣏ၐਵৎϠྻԴ‫ڽ‬Ӡఀᘘг ႽȂϵ࣏ૠߞЄӔ൵ࢢఀ຾г၍ȇഺ๴Ӡ‫ݺ‬Ն‫ܣ‬ᎢሃᑢҫहჃߞ੡ ‫ے‬Ȃညྲчѽᕓᘈ‫ڲ‬۶ྲॠႮዩֽߞ‫؛‬ՑফᗜԳϯ੡Ȃၐਵ൵ೣఀ ຾ႋຍ۶ጨᎫȂॴ᝱ሃ‫ڢ‬෋‫ݙ‬ൄ՘ߞϠ᝷‫ק‬ᄩϵఀѽႋٙȄ෇ࣿ۶ ӖӠ݁‫އ‬Ϟ‫ॴۦ‬۶ժ ϸȂ൵ࢢߞ኶ֿ݁‫އ‬Ϟ‫ڢ‬෋Ȅഺ࿄গ࣏‫ۍ׎‬ሲ ‫އ‬ϧȂԴѼᡝ࣏߰‫׎‬हࠫգ໹໸ߞѵधՅԴȂѽфգϘ֜؆ԑᝯѕ

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ᐱᎢ

‫ڭ‬ВჰϠ᝷ᑢҫߞૠȂᴽӅ๒ྻᅔܺϘըჅ௟‫ݙ‬գ԰෇Ӓ௱Ȅ ࣏֭Ȃഺ᝷ࠫਿঋᚣಳ໪ȃᄱȃૠᓞ‫ڽ‬ཇቍȄॶٟգుӯȂٟ գ෬༟ૠߞ૛௜ȃླྀ૛ȂϠ᝷௟ྻԴགླКȂЙ‫ށ‬Өഺ‫ڰڱ‬ఐȄч ుћᐯߞࠫਿ࣏ȈϠ᝷ᑢҫߞྍ၍ሃӫߞЙକඏంᑢҫߞᣍᅅ‫ݕ‬ж ‫ ޘ‬ఀ ‫ ڽ‬Ȅ ഺ Й ࣏ ሲ ֯ ߰ ‫ ݸ‬ౢ Ϟ ᑢ ҫ Ȟ գ Ϡ ഺ ዹ ᙝ ‫ ڏ‬ȟȂ փ ࣏ ҁ ‫ࠫ د‬ ѕ‫ݸ‬Դૠ൵ࢢ‫ݺ‬ᑢҫК‫ߞ֯ݙ‬ȂփЙ࣏ϠԴᑢҫКକ՘බߞ‫ڰ‬ఐȄ

WJ/!ంҰᓃϞਡ! ԴഺৎᚼతȂ‫ا‬ে൵ՀಎϢж‫ޘ‬ుӯᔂϘ‫ڱ‬দঋൊжȄླྀૼȞD. Auneȟႎ೟ਣӯȂుӯᔂ‫ף‬գૠᓞȄҹЙᄊ၃‫ߞۏ‬ૠᓞȞՂࠠዝҦ ੩ ȟȂ ‫ ڼ‬Ղ Դ ॗ ᒰ ‫ ۦ‬୉ ߞ ృ গ К Ȃ ૠ ᅆ Ԑ ‫ ڍ‬ॗ ᒰ ߡ త ሲ Ȉ ‫ܜ ߡ ࢐ ר‬ ‫ݲ‬Ȃ‫߼࢐ר‬ద௞ȞుϘ 8ȟ Ȃ‫ݕ‬Ϛौា‫ܐ‬Ȋ‫ॶ࢐ר‬ӑ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫࢐ר‬ґࡣ‫ޟ‬Ȃ ά࢐٥Ԇࣀ‫ޟ‬ȇ‫ר‬ෆԫႆȂ౪ӵάࣀΟȂ‫ڗޢ‬җҗሉሉȇ‫ٮ‬и਌๿ ԫι‫ڷ‬ഛ໢‫ޟ‬ᢒୠȄ‫ܚ‬оձौ‫ࣼܚװ‬ႆ‫ޟ‬Ȃ‫ڷ‬౪ӵ‫ٱޟ‬Ȃ‫ٮ‬஠‫҆پ‬ ԙ൷‫ٱޟ‬Ȃ഍ቸю‫پ‬ȌȌȞϘ 17bʂ20ȟȄԴഺ۞໸ߞ੩ۡ༟ᇑȂॗ ᒰ ෩ ۖ Ȃ ҁ ࣏ Դ ၐ ᢸ ྏ ஜ ϭ ঵ Ԑ ᡘ ‫ ڍ‬Ȃ ๒ ࢢ ऻ ‫ ڍ‬Ϙ ‫ ڰ ڱ‬ఐ Ȟ Ϙ 10 ʂ 11ȟȄ ᘵ ๒ ഺ ੩ ѹ ঋ ຾ দ ໛ ះ Ȃ ֭ ϵ գ ‫ ێ‬ᡘ ះ ሃ ૠ ᓞ ߞ ኸ ব Ȃ փ ໛ᄊߞ‫ل‬ਫ਼࣏࢙௄‫ݺ‬ႋ៖ૠᓞߞ഍ᄩȄ ԴϘൢ 17b ֌ 20 ြȂജпۖчϯߞ௄ရ࣏ుӯ߰Ȃᴽሲ‫֋ށ‬ Ўฅ၃ժჅȂ಩ԴϫࣿϞȄᚎ‫ڏ‬НȂᴽԴॗᒰࣿ຾ߞ੡৏ሲ႖Ȅഺ ‫ࠑࠧڭ‬ӯ෇ࣿѹᄊᑢҫߞॠᒘଠሲ႖Ȃ‫ڼ‬ՂϘൢ 17 ֌ 20 ြߞ႖Ȃ ॶ࣏ҍ‫ݺ‬ॠᒘԴѵ੡ߞϾȂ࣏ЙᏋညߞȄϩбൢ 15 ြሲȈࣼ঺Ȋ ‫ پ ר‬჋ ၤ Ι ኺ Ȍ Ȍ (ѧ Ⴕ ϟ ϩ ϟ 7ȃ 12ʂ 14)Ȃ ഺ ৎ ૠ ᓞ ॶ ҍ ‫ ݺ‬Џ п ϯчߞ௄ရߞϾȂ࣏ᏋညߞȂഺႬҍ֋ᑢҫߞॠᒘߞϾ࣏ЙԢߞȂ ‫ڤ‬ႆᴽӡ೐ϬϠᇍࢽԨ௟‫ڽ‬ঋফᗜߞϠЄȄ‫ێ‬ҁૠᓞ‫ݺڍ‬ϩϬൢ 9 ֌ 10 ြȂϩұൢ 13 ြȂϩϣൢ 21 ֌ 24 ြȞч‫ߞڹ‬႖ȟȂϩϝൢ 9 ြȂϟϩϘൢ 3 ֌ 4 ြȃ5 ֌ 8 ြȂϟϩϟൢ 18 ֌ 20 ြȄԴుӯ

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ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ᔂߞ༟‫ܕ‬ሃຕ‫ف‬ൌୃႶഺ‫ڱ‬ૠᓞȂᝋ‫ށ‬ҹգԐߢࠫਿߞપᎳȄ 98 ୵ϞѽϯߞૠᓞȂҞѽҐϯ೐ϟ֌Ϭൢຜϛిྻգ‫ށ‬ᢖԐߢࠫ ਿપᎳߞૠᓞȂҹেൌգԐߢࠫਿߞጀՑȂҒࣁȈ Ϙȃ‫ۦ‬୉ߞє‫ڏ‬ȇ ϟȃКࣱൊжȇ ϬȃᛕদຕሬȈ់ሯ۶ఀർߞ႖Ȅ Ӥ‫ݺ‬ജുȂॗᒰ‫ۦ‬୉኷ࠫຜԧిྻȂԴґକϯहຈ‫ݺ‬᚞ॗԐߢ ཇቍࠫਿȄ 99 ُ ৎ ৎ ੯ ൌ գ є গ ߞ Ү Ց Ȉȶ Ղ թ ሲ ȷȞ tade legeiȟȂ Н ࢢ ࣏ Џ пϯчߞ௄ရ‫ݙ‬ሲߞ႖Ȅည๒ȂԴєগߞҮՑࢢȂُৎȶ‫ߢا‬Ⴝȷ ߞૠᓞаਟȞੲᑂిྻߞ഍ᄩȂԧգЙԢȟൌ‫ݸ‬ԴૠᓞߞК༡ൊжȄ ԴഺൊжȂឍࡍߞ‫ݑ‬Ꮃ౻෽Ȃ௱ӡ௻ધߞ঑বሬᎠ෩ᓹ‫ا‬েȂ௄ရ ਵԐߢԐ‫ڍ‬Ȟᄊॗᒰȟሮऎ֋Ўգ᝷֬᚞ॗԐߢߞ‫֒ڎ‬Ȃ࣏ȶ௄ရ ਵ֖ऎȃࠫ݇ȃ೫࠸ ߞ Շ ᠕ ߰Ȅȷ100 ҁ ে ϵ ࣏ Ӳ ॗ ໦ ഩ ߞ ᕭ ఠ ‫ ܡ‬Ȃ Ҫ࣏Դഺఐ޶ϭҹ࣏ࢽྲॗߞ໦ഩȂ‫ا‬েҞѽՂླྀૼ‫ྐݙ‬Ȃഺ‫ిڱ‬ ྻ૿ѻታᐱȂቮঋॗᒰᏇࣹԨُ༡ిྻ֯ԐߢՑЬϢȄԐߢԐ‫࣏ڍ‬ ԟᑟЬϢߞ௞ਛȂэ‫ێ‬ညᡋϧ‫ݕ‬ታᐱኸҍ಩ૌߩߞ੡৏Ȅ ‫ا‬েྻᓴۤుӯᔂ‫ێ‬КϘৎಳ໪Ȃ֯ऎᗾႋߞ‫ۍ‬ᢜ‫ڼ‬ЄȂంփ ϞႋҹߞપᎳȄႎ೟኶ᅅ‫ی‬ৎാ᠈ߞࣱၢȈ೐ϩϘൢ‫ڍ֜ی‬ᝋϠ۶ ೐ϩϟൢ௎Ϡሃᔷߞࣇ‫ڰ‬Ȅ೐ϩϘൢҞକܼ᠈೐ϩൢߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȂ๒փ ഺ‫ڍ‬ႋє୓ߋᎢȄ೐ϩϘൢєӡѽ֘ຕ੩೐ұϩ֌ұϩϣൢȂഺ‫ڍ‬ ႋ౮๑ߋ៉ȄॗᒰԴಳ໪КᖔᎲϘੲၥЄȂҁ‫ڽ୓ۻۦ‬༓࢘ૠߞ࿒ ሃ࿒ߞұ۹Ȅഺ༓࢘֌ьգұৎႋ៖Ȉ

98 D. E. Aune, Prophecy in Early Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983), 280-88. 99 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 275Ȅ 100 Ԣ ϯ Ȃ 277Ȅ

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ᐱᎢ

Ϙȃҹ࣏দ࢙ሃࢭ෇ၐ࿒ߞ୓َȄᅆѽ֘ຕ੩೐ұϩ֌ұϩϣ ൢփ‫ڏ‬Ȃഺ࣏ૌፁߞȄгЮ 70 ՐȂϘ֜ജ‫ߞുݸ‬๘щ௄ ရਵԐߢȂሮऎ֋Ўሃѽ֘ຕգहԢԳ֜Ȃഺ࣏Ҟನႋ ߞȇ๒փȂॗᒰ‫ऻྻిد‬ऎૠߞྲၐ࿒Ȃ‫ڤ‬ኃࢭ෇᚞ߞၐ ࿒Ȃ୎Й࣏Ժ᏶ߞȉ ϟȃ༓࢘ၐ࿒࣏ऎϞ࿑࿝ߞ፡ࣇȄ஄ॶుӯᔂ኷‫ݺ‬гЮбϩՐ ҃ փ ࠧ ϝ ϩ Ր ҃ Ȟ ഼ ௱ ߞ ྐ ‫ ޱ‬ȟȂ ‫ ڭ‬ѷ ஄ ॶ ॗ ᒰ ጢ ఉ ॠ ᒘ ཇ ೚ ഺ ў ব ߞ ᎝ ᛟ Ȟ ண Ҟ ೐ ϩ Ϭ ൢ ȟȂ ഺ ‫ ڍ‬ႋ ࢝ Ԫ ನ ȇ ๒ փȂ኷‫ݺ‬гЮбϩՐ҃ߞᎢᑂȂᑋᢜփ‫ڏ‬Ȃ᝱ѽ҄Ϡࠫ‫އ‬Ȅ Ϭȃ༓࢘ࠑӯ‫࠲ۦ‬᠕Ȃѽֺ‫ڗ‬ᢜ‫ۖۦ‬ཋਚȄഺ֬ѼЙ೑Ԫుӯ ᔂႵ՝੡ߞѹ՞Ȃබ࣏ૠߞЄӔϵঋ‫ۦ‬኶ֿȄ ұȃ༓࣏࢘ࢽ៳ᢸߞȞփࠧևᢜߞȟ࠲᠕Ȃѽֺ‫ۖۦ‬ཋਚȄ ෬༟ഺླྀ૛ߞ።૶ԴϩϘൢ 14 ြȄԴႍြȂգϠሮऎ๴ӠԴ ၐ࿒ሃྰࢵ߰‫ڗ‬ϯȞࢢ߰Ҟ֯ऎϘৎঋᙇȂхᅆഺ࣏ᅆгЮ 70 Ր ‫ݙ‬๴Ӡߞ‫ߞڰ‬԰ᠪȟߞ‫࣏ڰ‬಑Πኺ‫خ‬ᆌȂփЙ࣏൵ࢢߞ‫٭‬ᇋȄഺ‫ڰ‬ Ԇജሮ‫ܠ‬ԴॠႮዩֽ๴ӠȂԯऎഺႆ෩фഺ࣏кଫΪԅ࢜Ϟ೎Ȅ ಩ԴӅ༷୅Ꭲ‫ڍ֜ی‬ᝋϠȄഺႆߞ෡গᢖ๒Հᄊዝ֘۶ѽ‫׀‬ ‫ڲ‬Ȅੲᑂ୺Ҟᇊর೐ϝൢ۶೑᝷ᇊরߞཇ೚Ȃҁে࣏ሃॠᒘ૭Դᢏ ᄊߞЋϯȄഺ‫ڍڱ‬ᝋϠ‫د‬ૠኡѫߞႽ௲ۖԳϯȂҒ‫ף‬ԧዹ‫࣯٭‬Ȃ֭ ҁেϵജ෩ۖчϯҝȄ஄ॶഺ࣏ࢽॠႮዩֽ಍ϸߞჰ‫ڏ‬Ȃऎ֣௟ҹ ၉‫ݺ‬ႍ഍Ȃ‫ڭ‬ᇍҹऎ಑Πኺ‫خ‬ᆌȉ஄ॶഺჰ‫ࢽ࣏ڏ‬๘щϠ൵ࢢఀ຾ ࠲᠕Ȃऎ֣ഺႆ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠႬ੩ࠫКిྻߞඔ໪हԢȉ‫ـ‬Ԫನߞႋ៖ ࣏Ȃഺ࣏෼ѵిྻሃՁߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋ‫ڰ‬ЍȂ‫ۍـ‬ᢜԳሲȂഺ࣏ӯُੋሃࠧ ‫ ݛ‬ᠠ ࠧ ‫ ی‬༡ ి ྻ Ȟ ॗ ᒰ ෩ ф Ձ ে Ӓ Դ ၃ ᑢ Ⴠ ঝ Ȃ Ҟ କ ‫ ᝱ ॴ ۦ ء‬ȟȂ ഺႋ៖ऎ֣ഺႆ࣏‫ڍ֜ی‬ᝋϠȂփࠧॗᒰႵ՝ࡈ෩фߞϛ༡ిྻȄ գᐯ߰ሮऎഺႆ࣏єӡӦ‫ୃۻ‬ϩϝൢ 15 ြȂႍြࢽҍϘৎϠ ‫ݙ‬ሲߞ႖࣏‫៳׎‬ᅁȂቮঋգ‫ی‬ৎ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠȄ஄ॶॗᒰहࠫഺЪ๒࣏ૌ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ߞȂഺ୎Йླӯቮঋգ೐ϟ֜‫ڍ‬ᝋϠ‫ڽ‬ᝋ‫ށ‬ҁ֋Ўߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋȉ๒փԐ ߢॗᒰሮऎٟգഺৎቮঋȂҁߞ႖ᅆϛ༡ిྻգᑾӲߞᡋࢃȂჰง ᡝ߰ЙྻࣄᐼҁȄഺႆߞ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠઘфॗᒰ‫ێ‬К‫ی‬༡Ꮞ‫ۦ‬Ⴠঝߞి ྻ Ȃ ഺ ೑ Ԫ ᑶ ҭ ߞ є গ Ȟ ѧ Ⴕ ೐ ϟ ֌ Ϭ ൢ ȟȄ ஄ ॶ ॗ ᒰ Դ Ԑ ߢ ѽ ֘ ຕߞࠪԍϭ‫ط‬ᆊ֋Ўߞ‫֒ڎ‬ȂҁϵҞѽԴѽ‫ڲ׀‬۶ዝ֘ߞࠪԍϭȂ ຜ ҁ ‫ ێ‬К ‫ ی‬༡ ి ྻ ‫ ط‬ᆊ ҁ ে ߞ ‫ ֒ ڎ‬Ȃ 101 ഺ ླ ӯ Й ཈ Ԑ ߢ Ȃ ാ ి ྻ ϵঋऎૠߞుӯ‫ݕ‬ૌನ֯ԐߢՑ‫ڍ‬ᝋȄ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠҳԴߞཋਚȂत֌‫ڗ‬ ᢜժϸȂࠑӯ‫ڹ׈‬ഺዹ࿂ᇑߞჀঝȂϵЙକԴ៳ᢸϯཋਚҁেȄ ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠᇍऎᐚᢉᐙȂԯऎҁে‫ף‬գᑼᙇᖍҭߞᑼਫ਼Ȅєগ֭ѽ ನ੩ߞϬՐҗȂࠑӯిྻঋ၃ᑢഺዹߞჀঝȂЙྻఀֺۖ୵ȇєӡ ‫ݙ‬Ժᆳሃ਄фȂऎঋ෡গॠႮዩֽߞᢸ‫ ˕˕ ޶ߐۻ‬೐Ϙѵ॔൵ࢢϩ Րง༡ȂॠႮዩֽᏎҳ‫ڣ‬ϠᎹᎼȇ෱‫ڏ‬НȂॠႮዩֽ࣏‫ۦ‬มᕅȃജ Ҷ‫؝‬ȃЙႽ዇ߞࡱҾȄ‫ڍ‬ᝋϠߞ‫ڗ‬ᢜЙ৞ജਃၨȂԴҟ҃ࠕ‫ތ‬Ȃഺ ࣏ᅆӔ౉࿂Ђߞ࠹୘۶။֖ȞѧႵȮ‫ࠝᜲݙ‬႐ፔȯ 2.30 ୓ȟȄ ԴϩϘൢ 11 ြȂॗᒰєӡѽ֘ຕ੩᎘ф‫ڍ֜ی‬ᝋϠߞ෇ࣿȂ ഺҞକ࣏ླࢽుӯᔂϟϩൢ 4 ြઆႽ߰ߞ෇ࣿȄࢷ࿰೐ 13 ြȂ‫ڍ‬ ᝋϠϘతۖчϯҝȂఀѽӀхȂ‫٭‬ᇋᔌ‫׈‬ཉ৆ԴഺৎЙၐጒߞࡱҾ ‫ڗ‬ϯȂϩжНϘᏎ࿑Ȃ໹֋๒ߞነᢏᐱ७ϛϼϠժϸȂഺዴӫ࣏ॠ ႮዩֽԴࠧြงϠϾߞϩжϘȞഺϵ ധ‫ ࠧڭ‬ҼԪȟȄഺ ႆॗᒰሮऎȂ ॠႮዩֽ‫ݙ‬໪ወߞ๘щϠ࣏Ⴠঝిྻߞ҃ࠑȇഺࠫਿళӡϞ௜ፅȂ ሃॗᒰ֌ь‫ی‬༡ిྻ಩Դ۶ӏ‫ߞڽ‬഍ᄩᝯ࠼௜зȂᘵ๒಩Ы഍ᄩ‫ק‬ ᝱ȂՁেЪఀ຾ᘘѽгႽߞऽౕȄ Դ೐ϩϟൢȶ௎ϠȷሃȶᔷȷԢዹ࣏࿂නߋ៉ߞుӯȄഺ࣏၃ ‫ڼۏ‬ЄȂॗᒰళӡԧᇌႤਫ਼ȞҒࣁಳిૠ႖ȟ‫ڽ‬ᆊᜯ௄ရਵߞᎢᙇȄ чు֯ࡡళӡ‫ێ‬ҁႤਫ਼֯ऎҐЍ১ਫ਼࣏Ԫ‫ߞܢ‬இ‫ޱ‬Ȟэ‫ێ‬ညЂԺዴ ᡝ ߰ ࣏ ҳ ‫ ڣ‬Ϡ ȟȂ Ҫ ঋ ഺ ‫ ڱ‬১ ਫ਼ କ ௉ ജ ௄ ရ ి м Ȅ ࠠ ዇ ‫ ޒ ࣟ ݛ‬෻ ѽ 101 Aune, Revelation 1-5, 600.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

࢝ࠜፔ඼୅Ꭲഺࣱ၃ћȂਣӯҹߞࣇ‫ڰ‬ѹ።࣏ੲᑂҟ҃ຠ෋ߋ୽ߞ ૠ႖ȞҞକ࣏ѐѧ৖ߞ‫؛‬ՑȟȄ 102 ഺૠ႖Ђ७ᗾগᔷࢃᕂૠे‫֌ݕ‬ ୼ૠȂգ੡֌୼ૠत֌ജ౭ȂᔷԴ಄གྷง༡೚޼Ȃ൵ࢢࡒജԐࡈ೚ ޼ߞૠ‫ݕ‬ҁߞဖуӇీȄ ϵധؓ᜷ૠ႖൵ࠕ֬ుӯᔂߞૠ႖‫؛‬ՑȂ‫ێ‬КҒࣁЃૠங՛ Ȟ Letoȟ Ӡ ϭ ૠ े ‫ ᜲ ޯ ڲ‬Ȟ Apolloȟ ߞ ࣇ ‫ ڰ‬Ȅ Ϙ ৎ ᗾ ‫ ޱ‬ഺ ዹ ሲ Ȉ ည ЂᔷँўȞPythonȟఀߢங՛‫ݙ‬ᜃߞࢅЄྻ౭ਚҁȂබ୓‫ ڽ‬ୠു ՁȄ ங ՛ ജ ௲ ۖ ઔ ૠ ‫ ܂‬ᘈ ჲ Ȟ Poseidonȟ ‫ ڤ‬ႆ ҝ Ȃ ҁ ‫ د‬Ձ Չ ၉ Դ ቌ ቈ ߞ ਫϯȂ‫ڭ‬௟ਫٕ֌ઔܺȂѽຉՉԑȄँўұ഍ྩ૶Ȃਵൻ๑ґȂ๒ ࢢ ‫ ܳ ۖ ڽ‬ᆬ ૼ ૶ ෻ Ȟ ParnassusȟȂ փ ங ՛ ᚟ ‫ ߞ ڗ‬ਫ ϵ দ п ઔ ϯ Ȅ ည ‫ᜲޯڲ‬ҍӠȂҁӲ‫ے‬ᖔఀԑൊϧ༓ȂԴұчаቁۖܳᆬૼ૶෻Ȃ౭ ఫँўȄഺࣇ‫ڰ‬գ‫֋ڽ‬ѐѧ৖‫ـ‬১‫ߍߞܕ‬ӎȂ෡গϛᔝઔ‫ݎ‬ၠࠠ୺ પȞ TiamatȟሃಿчૠߞߋᐼȂၠࠠ୺પԴഺ‫ڱ‬чૠব ࡈऍឹ֋ЎȂ ຕ‫ލ‬ജ୺ᆬ‫ֹن‬ȞMardukȟైऎևဤȄ୺ᆬ‫ֹ࣏ن‬Րࠦߞԍ‫ށ‬НૠȂ ညҁሃၠࠠ୺પߋᐼȂчϯϬжϘߞ౐࣐ജᅢϭҝȄҁӓᓐႬుӯ ᔂ೐ϩϟൢ௎Ϡߞ෡ᜱह֬ȄթҳȂգϘৎ਄фࣇ‫ڰ‬Ȃ෩фླྀ֘‫ڧ‬ ෻Ȟ Osirisȟߞ ‫܍‬Єӿ֘෻Ȟ IsisȟӠϭ щ༧ૠ֣ᠨ ෻Ȟ HorusȟȂӿ ֘෻գщ༧ԴՁߞᔝϯȄඟᚳȞ Typhonȟ࣏॓ᔷȞ๒փգ੡ӡᣥ൦ ‫ ݕ‬ഏ ‫ ࠑ ҃ ڽ‬ȟȂ ‫ ٱ‬౭ Ϟ ླྀ ֘ ‫ ڧ‬෻ Ȃ ୠ ു ည ੡ ‫ أ‬ঋ Ӡ ಯ ߞ ӿ ֘ ෻ Ȅ Ձ Դ࢝ૠ‫ߞ܈‬ఐ޶ϭӠϞࢅЄȂ๒ࢢ‫ױ‬ልନ೺ୟ݀ϘৎਫҝȄՁߞ‫ۊ‬ Є֣ᠨ෻൵ೣᕝీЂᔷȂ‫ڭ‬ӡѫᑵ࿝‫ٱ‬ȞѧႵుϟϩ 1 ୓ȟȄ ഺ‫ڱ‬ૠ႖ሃుӯᔂߞಳ໪‫ل‬ਫ਼ह֬ȂທࠧྍҳȄԺዴૠ႖៳‫ݺ‬ Ⴕ՝ง຾֯ȂЙྻ࿚‫ݺ‬ుӯᔂȂхփ࣏ॗᒰ֋Ӥᓴۤഺ‫ڱ‬ૠ႖ߞঋ ૵ȂҐϢ‫ێ‬ҁ՘жȂ‫ڹ‬ૠ႖ࣇ‫ڰ‬೑Ԫ௄ရਵߞాѹࣇ‫ڰ‬Ȅॗᒰߞᡝ ߰Ҟକጢఉ֌ьϘᇌȞॶЙԺჅȟૠ႖‫؛‬ՑȂϵକᓰᝊԐ‫ߞ֯ݙڍ‬Ȅ

102 A. Y. Collins, The Combat Myth in the Book of Revelation (Missoula: Scholars Press, 1976).

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ഺླӯ‫ݙ‬գ১‫ܕ‬ૠ႖ሃ‫ێ‬К‫࠲ݙ‬ՅߞૌನȂԴ௄ရႆ՘ऎૌᅁȄ௄ ရ࣏১࡭Ȟ archetypeȟȂ‫ێ‬ҁ࣏ჰࠑ‫ݕ‬ЈሲᘂӎȄ ഺႆգϘߵЙೇླ጗Ȃԯऎ࢝Ժ‫ז‬ѳሮऎഺ‫ڱ‬ૠ႖࣏ᝯ‫ݺ‬ҁে ֋ Ў Ȟ ‫ ڼ‬Ղ ໛ ֋ Ў ࣏ ૠ े ‫ ߞ ᜲ ޯ ڲ‬м ‫ ڗ‬ȟȄ ֯ ߰ ෡ গ ഺ ൢ ၃ ћ ߞ ௎ ϠऎчϯߞЃѳȄᜲ୺ᓿᅋК‫ז‬ѳ۶ѳԬߞᄊϵ෡ᜱऎщ༧۶ѡ ࠪȄՇ᠕ЃૠᜲᆳȞRomaȟജ෡ᜱऎಿૠߞЃѳ۶ాѹȞ‫ז‬ѳȟߞ ӓᓐȄഺႆ၃ћգϘৎх໦ȂॠᒘȞ‫ࢅٷڤ‬ȟЖ࣏ૌӒߞ݁‫߰އ‬ȞЙ ࣏ ‫ ז‬ѳ ȟȂ փ Ӡ ϭ ‫ ߞ ࢅ ٷ‬௎ Ϡ Ҟ ႋ ֯ ૠ ߞ Є Ӕ ‫ ڲ ׀ ୺ ݕ‬Ȃ Ձ Ж ࣏ ч ϯ ߞ ૌ Ӓ Ѓ ѳ Ȃ ా ѹ ߞ ૌ Ӓ ӓ ᓐ Ȟ փ Й ࣏ ᜲ ᆳ ȟȄ ഺ ࣏ х ᅆ ည ੡ ࣆ ܹߞࣇ‫ڰ‬Ȃᘵ๒ৄӡ၃‫ߞۏ‬ૠ႖Ȃࡒ࣏࢙௄‫ڽֱؓݺ‬ၐ၃ߞ௄ရࣇ ‫ڰ‬Ȟ‫ڼ‬Ղ֭೐ϛൢȟȄ ನႋഺൢ၃ћሃుӯᔂ‫ێ‬᏶၃ћߞঋഥ࣏Ȃ઻ѕчϯሃԳϯ‫ڰ‬ ߏ᠇ᚒԴϘ୓ߞ‫ݑ‬ᎳȄԯթȂ‫ا‬ທЙᝒԢ൶ᆬ዇Ȟ G.. B. Cairdȟߞ ‫ڍ‬ႋȂҁሮऎॗᒰళӡૠ႖۶чϯߞ໪ወȂ‫ڽ‬෡গԳϯߞᅁ޶ሃల љ Ȅ 103 ह х Ȃ ॗ ᒰ ࣏ ֋ Ӥ Գ Ⴛ ӡ ླ ඔ ሃ ૠ ႖ ߞ ሬ ‫ ڏ‬Ȃ ҁ ह ࠫ ֋ Ў ࣏Դ෡গ໹֋๒ሃԳϯߞᅁ޶ȂփЙ࣏෡গчϯሃԳϯߞ‫ߞڰ‬Ӏ ֖Ȃԯփчϯߞߋᐼх࿰ԳϯߞߋᐼȄԴҁߞೀКȂҪգϘৎߋᐼȈ ࣏чϯߞȂϵ࣏Գϯߞȇ࣏໹֋๒ߞȂϵ࣏֋๒ߞȇ࣏ૠߞȂϵ࣏ Ϡߞȇഺ‫ڱ‬ϧ༓݃թТஜȄ ೐ϩϟൢ༟‫ܕ‬෩фԐ‫ڍ‬ॗᒰऻ‫ڍ‬чϯҍ಩գЂеԏȞ‫ݕ‬ԏ ᔝȟȂчϯ࣏ҍ಩ഺ‫ڱ‬еԏߞӒ௱ԳᙇȞѧႵ୺щᇊর೐ϟൢȟȄ‫ا‬ েᡘ‫ڍ‬գϘৎ௎ϠȂՁ٘‫ܤ‬РᓞȂယ፽Т߫ȂᓞᔜΪΠ࢑‫ୖࠅޟ‬Ȅ գᐯ߰ѹ௺ഺࡄக҃ࠑ࣐ਲ਼‫ݕ‬ཀႽϩϟਝȄ஄ॶՂթȂӔ౉ߞ‫ܠ‬ዴ ‫ۻݕ‬Ⴛ֬ѼԑၢԴഺ௎Ϡ‫ڗ‬ϯȂഺ௲գ࣐ਲ਼ఠۘϘৎϠӏ‫ߞڽ‬ᣍ݇ Ȟ ѧ Ⴕ ѽ ϭ ൊ ж ȟȄ ᘵ ๒ ഺ ႆ Ҟ କ ࢽ ୺ ‫ ڲ ׀‬Ȃ ֭ ഺ ࣏ Й Ђ Ҟ କ ߞ Ȃ

103 G. B. Caird, The Revelation of St. John the Divine (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1966), 147ff.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᐱᎢ

ԯऎȈ Ϙȃ೐ 17 ြ෩фՁൺϭࢢႁȂҁেЙྻ࣏ॠᒘૌӒߞ҈‫ؙ‬۶ ‫܏ܗ‬Ȃփ࣏ࢽ௄ရԴࠫԈϯߞ҈‫܏ܗؙ‬ȂҁেӒ࣏ుӯᔂ ߞᡝ߰Ȃэ‫ێ‬ӒԴবᅆ‫ݕ‬त֌‫ۦء‬Ⴠঝߞࠫਵȇ ϟȃഺႆ‫ށ‬ᢖ۲ᕕѽᘈ‫ڲ‬੩бϩбൢ 6 ֌ 9 ြȂ࣏ᅆӓᓐᔁՉ ཇ೚Ȟthe mother Zion traditionȟߞ୞ᠩȇ࠲ᜲԴҐ‫ݛ‬щ੩ ұൢ 26 ြ‫ྲد‬чϯߞॠႮዩֽ෡গऎ‫ا‬েߞӓᓐȂഺႆ ҞକࢽԨૠЄӔߞߤ၏Ȃҁেജ෡গऎ௎ϠȞѧႵుϟϩ Ϙ 9ʂ14ȟ Ȅഺླӯ᚞ॗߞૠЄӔሃྲॗߞૠЄӔգാ᠈ߞ ᝯ࠼Ȃॠᒘ‫֋ڽ‬ૠߞ๘щЄӔȂփᴽߞ҈‫܏ܗؙ‬ϵहԢȄ ௎ϠԴૂ๭К࿤൯ঋӠಯȂѫ॓ߞȞ‫ߞ֒॓֕ݕ‬ȟᔷ࣏чߩ‫ݕ‬ чϯߞ೐ϟৎеԏȄ‫ٱ‬գϩ‫ڎ‬Ȃࠑӯ‫ߞٱ‬ϧ༓ᜀЂȂॗᒰഺႆ‫ށ‬ᢖ ࣏ৄӡ֭ѽನ੩೐ϛ֌ϣൢߞඔ໪ȂᐐᇒԴ֭ѽನ੩Ȃഺ࣏ࢽ᜙࢓ ஼۶ҁেߞ೚޼߰ȄᔷգϛৎࡄகȂࠑӯ‫ٱ‬ᄳۤۖ‫ݙ‬գᡋϧȂ๒փ ‫ ࡄ ߞ ٱ‬க ࣏ ѳ ࡄ Ȟ diademataȂ ᕛ Դ ᔝ ϯ ߞ ࠅ ࡄ ‫ ݕ‬ၧ ࡄ ȟȂ փ ӓ ᓐᔁ Չ ߞ ࡄ க ࣏ ࠅ ࡄ Ȟ stephanosȂ ᕛ Դ ർ ‫ ߰ ׀‬ᔝ ϯ ߞ ѡ ੳ ࠅ ࡄ ȟȄ ௎ Ϡ ࡄகϯߞΪΠ࢑Ҟକࢽѽ֒ԕߞϩϟњँȂ໪ወᑋᢜૠߞЄӔȄ ഺৎчుಳ໪Й཈࣏ჰ‫ڏ‬Ȃԯҹ‫ݙ‬෡গߞ‫ాݕࢅٷ‬ѹЏ၃᎚ ӠȄ೐ 4b ြ෡኷ᔷ૭ԴӒ࢞Ӡಯߞ௎ϠবࡈȂҪঋࢅЄҍӠȂබ ‫د‬ҁ‫׌‬ᐥȄॗᒰۤ‫֋ل‬႐ፔ೐ϟፔȂ‫ڤ‬ႆ෡኷‫ࢅٷ‬௟ྻ՘ऎߎ߰Ȃ ӡᠠ‫ه‬೚޼ԕ஼Ȅഺඔ໪ࠑႿᴽ೚޼ሃ኶ֿԕ஼ߞທᅆᡋକȄ၃ћ ា᠈෩фԴᝯᘣߞ੡‫ے‬ȂഺࢅЄജૠ‫֝ع‬Ȃജ෩ۖૠߞភਲ਼‫ڤ‬ႆ ҝȄॗᒰంాѹҍӠߞᛟӫᚼ֌ᴽߞժȃпчȃജ෩ۖૠߞភਲ਼Ȃ ऎঋᢰᏎ‫ۦ‬ᕅঝߞ௄ရਵߢႽȂགླᡋཕऻ࣏֬ॠᒘߞೣ؊Ȃऻ֬ գ຾‫ڢ‬෋ߞӫߞȂ๒փૠࡒᚣҹ‫ڽ‬՘ԑᴽߞग़՞ȂᴽᎲП‫ـࢅٷ‬Ђ ᡋକȂᐼർགླཕϧȄϠѽऎགླᡋཕྻࡇ਴‫ߞࢅٷ‬ᡋϧȂ๒փᴽ ་ϘَᖔᎲᡋକȂૠ‫د‬ᴽంԳϯ෩‫ڕ‬Ȃᢰҁ‫ױ‬Դчϯߞភਲ਼ϯȄ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

Դ೐ 6 ြ௎Ϡୟ֌ᜈൎȂरԯՁ҃ࠑૠߞЄӔȇഺႆ۲ᕕҍ਄ фȞ઻ྍҍ਄фୃߞඔ໪ԓըԴ೐ 13 ြ୓ҍ಩ȟȄഺ௎ϠԴᜈൎఀ ۖ‫ڻ‬ᕕȂӒՂѽ֒ԕϠԴᜈൎៜࣹ੡Ӥૠ‫ڻ‬ᕕϘዹȄഺЙ࣏ሲిྻ ജ෩ۖчϯҝȂփ࣏ԴԳϯ‫࠲ۖۦ‬᠕Ȃѽֺജᔷ‫ؽ‬ᕝȄ௎ϠՉ၉Դ ૠჰ൯ߞԳўȂԴ‫ڤ‬ႆഽ઻Ϙࣱፁ‫ߞܠ‬੡༡ ˕˕ ֭ѽನ੩ߞϬՐҗ Ȟ1,260 џȟȄੲᑂϩϬൢ 5 ြሃϩϘൢ 1 ֌ 13 ြȂഺႆҞକࢽЂ ‫᝱٭‬Ȃԯऎዩ֭౬؆ԑཐ୵ిྻȄ 104 ೐ 7 ြᚼ֌чϯߋᐼߞඞ฀Ȅ‫ا‬েჰงഺߋᐼӤ௄ရታᐱ‫ڽ‬ᅆ ‫ة‬ᔷȂࡒӤч‫ࠜڹ‬ռঘங௲ታȂऎၐਵߋᐼȄॗᒰԓը‫ڹ‬ӡ۶‫ؼ‬፠ ཇ೚‫ل‬ਫ਼ȂԴȮ֭ᓷ୊ȯȞ Test. of Dan.ȟ6.2 ռঘங࣏ૠሃϠН༡ߞ Ꭰஃ߰ȄԴӒ‫֭ۏ‬ѽನ੩Ȃռঘங࣏ѽ֒ԕߞՇ᠕ч‫ڹ‬Ȃҁሃҳ‫ڣ‬ ԕ஼ߞч‫ڹ‬ታഞߋᐼȞϩ 13 ୓Ȃϩϟ 1ȟȄԴుӯᔂ೐ϩϟൢȂҁ ߞЍ࣏֯ሃૠЄӔߞዲϠߋᐼȂຕ‫ލ‬ռঘஙఀർȂᠲ୿ሃ‫ߞٱ‬јϭ ജᅢԴԳϯȄԴుӯᔂዩ֭ߞኪၢգϬদ෡኷Ȉ ϘȃంчϯۖԳϯȞϩϟ 9ȟȇ ϟȃంԳϯۖ๑ܺ‫׫‬Ȟϟϩ 2ȟȇ Ϭȃం๑ܺ‫ۖ׫‬ѫุϩ 10ȟȄ ዩ ֭ Й ඏ ऻ ֬ ᕭ ᅅ ‫ ܡ‬Ȟ ‫ ݕ‬ఠ ໦ ૠ Є Ӕ ߞ ఠ ໦ ߰ ȟȂ ‫ ێ‬ᅁ Ȃ ҁ Џ ҵҝԴчਲߞԳ֜ȄԴ೐ 9 ြȂҁ࣏ᑋৎѵधȞoikomeneȇྍࢽћ ‫ށ‬ѵध‫ݕ‬Ϡ᝷ѵधȟߞม᝾߰ȄԴ೐ 10 ြȂዩ֭ജᅢԴԳϯȂч ϯգჵ஭ߞᗏরȂᆇჵాਾȃѳᡋȃକϧߞ‫ڽ‬ᗜȇ‫ר‬ঈ‫ךޟ‬щҞࢽ આႽ߰ȞѧႵб 9ʂ11ȟȄԯऎଁտ҃ᡞߞժሃᴽ‫ڍ‬ᝋߞႽȂዩ֭Й ԓജਟധఠ‫ט‬ϠȂॗᒰ֬Ѽሮऎည௄ရժ੡Ȃ‫ݕ‬ညૠߞЄӔం௄ရ ߞժఀ຾ૈ഍੡Ȃዩ֭Ӳ‫ے‬ജᅢԴԳϯȄ೐ 12 ြ౻྾෩фዩ֭ߞ

104 ண G. R. Beasley-Murray, Revelation (London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 1974), 191ffȄ

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ᐱᎢ

џ Є ജ ዴ ᇖ Ȃ ҁ ߢ Ⴝ ഺ ࣏ ௄ ရ Н ժ ߞ ຕ ‫ ލ‬Ȅ գ ᐯ ߰ ሮ ऎ ϩ ϟ ൢ 13 ြ୓ߞ၃ћ‫ݕ‬ॠᒘߞ႖Ȟَࣼኪծ௃ЈήቪဣȂ჋ରႫΙኺȟҞ‫ڻ‬ ணւȂႋ៖ഺࣱ၃ћ‫ݙ‬Ꭲগߞඔ໪Ȅ ঋ઻ྍȂዩ֭ᘵ๒౮๑វࠡԳୠുഺৎ௎ϠȂ࣏֭գᣀߞଂᇻ ᎲຜՁȂׄՁ঳֖ȞѧႵҍϩϝ 4ȟȄ೐ 15 ြ෩фዩ֭ӡϘႽޫȂ ঋ‫د‬௎ϠంᜈൎȞ‫ْݕ‬ᆐȟٞ‫ڕ‬ȞഺႆϵҞକླࢽҍ਄фʝ֘Ϝ‫ڰ‬ Ԇ ȟȄ ࣊ ๒ Դ ১ ‫ ܕ‬ૠ ႖ ႆ ߞ ઔ ‫ ڢ ࣏ ݎ‬෋ ߰ Ȃ ഺ ႆ ዩ ֭ ӡ Ѫ ‫ ڽ‬ᅆ Ѿ ௎ ϠȂබЙ‫ږ‬ऎ‫܈‬Ȅ๒փȂዩ֭Ҫକᆕ‫ؽݺږ‬ᕝᓲՇૠ‫҄ۻ‬ȃऎ௄ရ ֯‫ڍ‬ᝋߞ௄ရਵȂҁЙକ؆ԑ࿑࿝ిྻȄӎࣱѽઔ‫ݎ‬Ȟ‫ݕ‬ᔷȟ૭Դ ‫ߞٱ‬Ђӎᖉȶઔȷߞ੟᝝ຕ‫ف‬ȞԴֱؓ‫ڽ‬ཇ೚Ȃઔ௱࣏಄ གྷߞ໪ ወȂ ϫ࣏‫ڢ‬෋‫ۦ‬ൄߏߞ‫ݙ‬ԴԳȟȄ ుӯᔂϩϘ֌ϩϟൢգ࢝Ժӹᚐߞ၃ћȂ۲ᕕၐ၃ሃࠧၐ၃ߞ ћឥȂᘘգ๘щሃҳ‫ߞڣ‬ཇ೚Ȅॗᒰᡘ‫ڍ‬ૠᓞሃ႐ᆇȂϫऻ‫ڍ‬ಳ໪Ȃ ๒փȂҁᓴӡҳ‫ڣ‬ᡝ߰କನႋᕕӡߞሬ‫ࠑڽڏ‬Ⴟഺ‫ڱ‬ಳ໪Ȅഺᇌሬ ‫ڏ‬ፁᅁ࣏գ‫ࢽݙ‬ԨߞȂᐐᇒҹϵգ໪ወȃླඔȃૠ႖ߞપᎳȄҹЙ କࢷՄবನႋȂॗᒰहࠫ֋Ў࣏ѽчుՑሬ‫ڽڏ‬෡኷ᡝ߰ቮঋߢႽ ߞૌನሃᅁ޶Ȃ‫ݙ‬ѽᡝ߰Ӆ༷ሮૌुᡝȄഺᇌчϯߞሬ‫ڏ‬Й཈࣏௲ գԳϯߞྍࢥȂ‫࣏ـ‬ѽчుՑሬ‫ڏ‬ႽҍчሃԳȃ੡༡ሃӖࢮȃᑢҫ ሃ໹֋๒ߞТह዆ᠩȄ೐ϩϝ֌ϟϩϟൢᝋ‫ށ‬ॗᒰፁକႻӡчు‫؛‬ Ց‫ڽ‬ჰӯӏ‫ڽ‬ȂϵႻӡहԢߞಳ໪‫؛‬Ց‫ڽ‬෡গჅҝሃ಩ԴȄӐѵሃ ‫ڽ‬ѵȃᗂሃᑖߞኸবȂ‫ށ‬ᢖҍ಩Դॗᒰߞ൵ࢢಳ໪Ȟૠߞႋٙў ੯ȟȄ ‫ا‬েᕕ‫د׎‬೐ϩϟൢߞಳ໪໛ऎћᐯ຾֯Ȃ௟ుӯᔂ໛ऎԐߢ Ցߞࣿஜȉഺ‫ڭ‬ЙቮঋȂԯऎഺӫዾҞѽӤћЀ؆՘Ȅ௟ుӯᔂऻ ऎಳ‫ݺ‬୉ԩчు֯ࡡߞ૷ћᐯࣿஜȂഺ࣏ЙҞକߞȂҹፁᅁୃႶჰ ‫ڏ‬ȞЙ࣏‫ࢢڰ‬ჰ‫ڏ‬Ȧ ex eventuȧȟȂഺԓըє୓ుӯᔂߞᢜ໗யᛟȄ ‫ا‬ሮऎుӯᔂ࣏чుՑԐߢࠫਿߞ຾֯Ȃ࣏֯߰ߢԩߞॗᒰȂഺ೑ Ԫၐ၃ћᐯᐯྻᅆчు֯ࡡߞ‫ܠ‬၍Ȃഺ‫ܠ‬၍ዃ޾ԳҒࣁ୉ԩሃࠧ୉

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ԩߞ຾֯Ȃഺ‫ڱ‬຾֯ҞҒ‫ࢢڰף‬ჰ‫ݕڏ‬ٟգ‫ࢢڰ‬ჰ‫ڏ‬Ȅ Դ൵ࢢߞџЄȂ‫ا‬ে൵Հᘘ࣏ា᠈௟ుӯᔂऻऎчుՑԐߢࠫ ਿȄԴࢢง๘щሃࠐง௄ရిчు‫؛‬ՑߞԐߢཇ೚Ȃҹ૭ᜦୱၙȂ ၃ఀ୓੡༡ւᢚȂ࣏ࠐง௄ရిћᐯߞஈЂһ຾Ȅҹକ௉ዃཇȂЙ ࣏ԯऎҹሃЏժҝߞ๘щၐਵߞ஄നᗑᜭȂփ࣏ԯऎҹሃࣿ຾Нଁ տȃ࿽ЄȃѹߞᗑᜭȄ࢝ϳѽࡈȂ෻মપȞ H. B. SweteȟЏգ࢝Հ ߞᣍᅅȈ ॗ ᒰ ߞ ు ӯ ᔂ Դ Ժ ў ব ൌ գ ྲ ߞ ᚼ ᢏȈ೐ϘȂ๘щ ч ు ֯ࡡԑ ࣏ ୉ ԩ ຾ ֯ȇփ ௄ ရ ਵ ߞ ч ు ֯ ࡡ ௲ գ ֯ ߰ ԩ ՄȄ‫ ݸ‬ౢഺ ᇌ࢙ Ӳ Џ ϳ ߞ ཇ ೚Ȃྍ ၍দ ЂȄॗ ᒰ ֋ ᇍ ᐾ գ Ԑ ߢ ߞ ‫ ڗ‬жȂҁ ྍᝊ ۖ ֋ Ў ߞ ᔵ ӯ ‫ ֋ ڽ‬௄ ရ ‫ ݕ‬ᴽ ߞ ч ‫ڹ‬ȂЙ ࣏ϟ ј Ⴄ ਫ਼ȂѦ༷ ᚣၐ ၃ ႆ ၐ ਵ ߞ ԩ ՄȂ֯ऎ ؕ ᠕ ‫ݙ‬Ȅ೐ϟȂ࢝᝱ ፁ ‫ ܠ‬๘ щ ч ు ֯ࡡ ߞџงሃ୓࿚Ȃാ࿂ᔹ‫ߞٽ‬ᐯ߰ᅆഺ‫ڱ‬᎝ᛟߞྍ‫ڍ‬ൌж‫ޡ‬त Ђ Ȍ Ȍ ह хȂॗ ᒰ ߞ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ‫ ڽ‬࿚ ሃ ӫ ߞ ‫ ׮‬౮ ๑ ૛ ௜Ȃ֯ ࣏߰ ௄ ရ ਵȂҁ ജ‫ ྑ ۖ ു ݸ‬๣ ઔ ၏ ਫȂҁ ߞ ᡝ ߰ ࣏ ֝ Դ а ൙ Ꮠ ࠕϛ ৎ ѹ ঋ ࡱ Ҿ ߞ ௄ ရ ਵ Ȍ Ȍ ౮ ๑ ᆷ யȂҁ ৄӡ ๘ щ Ⴄ ਫ਼ ኷ ՘ుӯ ᔂȄᗁࣁ փ ‫ڏ‬Ȃഺ ࣏น ੲ ‫ ݺ‬௄ ရ ਵ ߞ ֯ ࡡȂႬ ๘щ ч ు ֯ ࡡ࢝ Й ԢȄ๘ щ Ϡ બ ૫ ߞ Ӕ ౉ ऽ ౕ Џ ᚼ ऎ ᅆ Ӡ ‫ޱ ऻ ߞ ۻ‬ȂӤߤ ྻߞ ፑ ᜞ Џ ᙖ ᘮ ֌ ഺ ৎ ѵ धȂҁে ߞ ӫ ዾ ࣏ ݁ ‫ އ‬Ϡ ᝷Ȅ๘ щϠ ᅆᕓ ᘈ ‫ ߞ ڲ‬ᣍ ݇ ࣏ Й ፁ ‫ ܠ‬۶ ӏ ᅁ ಩ ߞȂҹ Џ ᢰ ֜ ຜ ᑢ ҫ ۶ ৎ Ϡߞ௄ ရ Ȅ ௄ ရ ి ч ు ֯ ࡡ ߞ ௄ ရ Ȃ ᴽ Џ ఀ ർ ȃ п ч ȃ ఀ ᅷ ឹ Ȅ ȷ 105

൵ࢢȂ༟‫ܕ‬୅Ꭲໜ៖ൊжࡈȂ‫ا‬েӅ༷౻྾ߢႽుӯᔂߞ‫ݑ‬ Ꮃ Ȅ ॗ ᒰ ࣟ ‫ ޒ‬෻ Ȟ John Collinsȟ Դ ҁ ߞ ຾ ԩ ֯ ࡡ The Apocalyptic Imagination ഺዹໞᎢȈȶчు֯ࡡߞሬ‫ڏ‬Й࣏෡গՑȃգࢽԨߞȂ

105 H. B. Swete, Commentary on Revelation (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1977), xxviii-xxix.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

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ϵЙ࣏ඡൢߞሬ‫ڏ‬Ȃփ࣏ѽ႐ߞሬ‫ࠑڏ‬ႿȂӡ໪ወ೑ၳ۶ඔ໪ሲҍ ᅆѵधߞྏ‫ۦ‬Ȅҁে‫ߞݱݙ‬ኊৃᣍ‫ڭ‬Йᜭ‫ݺ‬෩‫ڻ‬Ն‫ܣ‬Ꭲ‫ݕ‬ӏ‫ڽ‬ᑢҫ ߞ ஄ Ⴄ ୈ Ȃ փ ࣏ ᜭ ‫ ݺ‬ᅆ ໹ ໸ ѵ ध ߞ ፁ ‫ ܠ‬Ȅ ȷ 106 ည ഺ ‫ ڍ ڱ‬ႋ ᕕ ӡ Դ ుӯᔂ੡Ȃॗᒰࣟ‫ޒ‬෻‫ߞܠߺݙ‬Ȃգ‫࣏ڱ‬ӒፁߞȂ๒փധԺҁ‫׎ݙ‬ ‫ߞܠ‬Ȃൌ࣏ᓾሱߞȄԯऎుӯᔂ࣏Ԑߢࠫਿߞ֯ ࡡȂ๑ᆷҹ࣏чు ՑԐߢࠫਿȇ๒փȂҹ࣏ԐߢࠫਿȂ‫ߞࢢڰࠧڭ‬୉ԩჰ‫ڏ‬Ȟҍ಩‫ݺ‬ ୉ ԩ ч ు ֯ ࡡ ȟȄ ֯ ऎ Ԑ ߢ ࠫ ਿ Ȃ ు ӯ ᔂ ߞ ‫ ل‬ਫ਼ ࣏ գ ࢽ Ԩ ߞ Ȃ Й Ꭲ ‫ ا‬ে କ ‫ ر ׎‬ඵ ۖ ഺ ‫ ࢽ ڱ‬Ԩ ࣏ त ኃ Ȟ ‫ ᝒ ׎ ࣏ ݕ‬Ԣ ȟȂ ‫ ڼ‬Ղ Դ ు ӯ ᔂ Ȃ ѐѧ৖ቲ౻྾ԳࢽԨᜲ୺Ȅ๑ᎢՂ֣Ȃ‫ا‬েҞѽሲߞ࣏Ȃഺ୼࢘Ⴛ ӡඔ໪۶႐ᆇߞሬ‫ڏ‬ѽ෼჆ߞླඔ۶໪ወࠑႿȂԯփҞѽႋ៖ЙԢ ߞᑢҫϠߏሃ‫ڰ‬ԆȄ ࣟ‫ޒ‬෻ϵሱѽऎుӯᔂ૷ᇝ࣏໹໸ߞୃႶȄ‫ـ‬ӒፁԳሲȂҹ࣏ ऎ໹໸ߞ۶ᑢҫߞታாН༡෩‫ڻ‬Ϙৎ໹໸൅໛Ȃሲ‫ڤށ‬ৎᘳ᚟ࡒ๑ ‫ݙ‬ЙԴߞ໹֋๒ϧ༓ԴϠ᝷ᑢҫߞЍ֯Ȃऎঋєᐱ‫ڭ‬ᠭຉϠ᝷Ȃᘘ գҁেߞۘ࢘Ȅుӯᔂጤзᝯᜃᑢҫߞ൵ೣຕ؊Ȅ೐ϟȃϬѵ॔ߞ ௄ရਵໜ៖ਛሮऎుӯᔂߞ‫ݑ‬Ꮃ࣏գࢽԨ۶ᑢҫՑߞȂ‫ڼ‬Ղҁেሮ ऎుӯᔂ೐ϟϩൢ࣏᎘ф௄ရߞϼᖩՐ஼࢘ফᗜԴԳϯߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȞ‫ݕ‬ Դ త ࠕ Ϡ ᝷ ᑢ ҫ ೣ ຕ ߞ ੡ ৏ ȟȞ ண ݃ ҁ ߞ ࢃ ֹ Ժ ‫ ޒ‬Ȟ Victorinus of Pettauȟߞໜ៖ȟȄ ԯթȂӅ༷ަྍॗᒰߞ໪ ወࢽԨߞ‫ݑ‬ᎳȄҁ֬Ѽ؆ԑहࠫȂг ၍ ሃ ా ᡞ ൵ ࢢ ࣏ Й ྻ ᅁ ಩ ߞ Ȟ ‫ ݕ‬ജ ऻ ‫ ڍ‬ȟȂ ୵ ࠧ ഺ ‫ ڱ‬ய ᛟ ൵ ࢢ Դ ੡ ༡ ۶ ߩ ༡ ϯ କ ௉ ఀ ۖ ႋ ٙ Ȃȶ ည ഺ ѵ ध ߞ ஼ ࢘ ՘ ऎ ‫ ا‬ে ѹ ௄ ရ ߞ ஼ ࢘Ȅȷ၃ჅϟϼԺՐߞిྻᑢҫȂ࣊๒‫ا‬েᘘӏۖႿഺ੡งȂබٟ Ⴄ੾ໞᎢॗᒰᅆϠ᝷ᑢҫ൵ࢢ୼ਪߞ‫ڍ‬ႋ࣏ᓾߞȄҁߞിᗜӡሬ࣏ ঋࢧඓϠऎ൵ࢢџЄ֯Հ࿤൯ȂഺџЄྻᔌ੡‫ڽ‬ᗜȄిྻ࣏ง࢞К

106 John Collins, The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to the Jewish Matrix of Christianity (New York: Crossroad, 1984), 214.

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈

ᘘऻుӯᔂ

ߞి ྻȂऎȶ‫ ڤ‬௟ঋ ‫ ߞ ڽ‬ȷ֯Հ ࿤ ൯Ȅᄊ೉ ᐪ ϭ ߞ ၐ ਵȞు б ൢ ȟȂ ి ྻ ঋ Ђ ᗏ ۲ ඄ Ȉȶ к ୭ Ȋ ौ ้ ‫ ڗ‬ඁ ਢ ‫ ڹ‬ȉ ȷ փ ࠧ ඏ ඏ ฽ ౕ ሃ ೉ ᐪ ϭߞၐਵԴϘ୓Ȅ‫࣏ࢥྍߞا‬Ȃుӯᔂ‫ڭ‬Й࣏ঋ ᄁᔽ‫ا‬েգ૷ᇝߞ ‫ ڽ‬ѵ Ӗ Ӡ ᣍ Ȃ Ҫ ᝯ ѕ ч ௅ Ȟ փ ࠧ ᑢ ҫ ȟȂ ѽ ҹ ֯ ऎ ௄ ရ ਵ Ӡ ࣿ ߞ ൵ ࢢӫዾ‫ݕ‬ೣᙇȇҹЙ࣏ঋᄁᔽ‫ا‬ে‫ݸ‬ౢ൵ࠐߞ௄ရਵՂ࠲ᜲߞӐѵ ᎢᣍᙇȄԴчϯߞၐਵӒࢧЙф࢞Գຈ৏ᑢҫߞೣຕȂૠ൵ࢢऎҁ েӦ৙Ȃҁে‫ۦڳࠧڭ‬ӖࢮߞӀՉȂѽऎ֋ЎЏ၃ۖϞೣຕȄ ుӯᔂ᎘фധԺᝯ‫ݺ‬ȶ‫ݼ‬ԴȃЫԴȃѽࢢঋ‫ڽ‬ȷߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȂ‫ا‬ে ߞԇச࣏೮ᡘॗᒰߞࠫਿȄ஄ॶՂթȂ‫ا‬েබ‫ށ‬ӨૠᅆӠ‫ۻ‬ሲȶ࣏ȷ ߞᗏরȂቈѧ‫ڢ‬෋ሃժϸᅆӠ‫ۻ‬ሲȶЙȷߞᗏরᠩࠪȄг၍ሃాᡞ գϘчྻԴԳϯᅁ಩ȂഺৎՀઐਿ࣏ѽȶంॠᒘփ‫ߞڽ‬ుӯȷߞ‫؛‬ ՑࠑႿȂྍࢥ࣏ం‫ڤ‬ฅ၃ᑢժϸѷർჅժϸߞ௄ရփ‫ڽ‬ȄᴽߢႽч ϯߞ‫ڰ‬ԆȂഺ࣏໹໸‫ا‬ে‫ݙ‬ᝯަߞѵ࠸ᑢҫ۶഍ᄩȄறᑾᴽ୨ఀ‫ڭ‬ କ௉෬ӯഺ‫ڱ‬ಎླྀૌನȄ‫د‬ഺ‫ݺୃٯ֘ތڱ‬ѕȂ಩ԴȂӅ༷త‫ुۦ‬ ‫ٿ‬ుӯᔂߞࣄᐼȂॆِ‫ا‬েೀဗϯߞᢟѯೲၢȂՂԢԞജ෬༟Ȃ‫ڹ‬ ‫ا‬ে‫ـ‬ԺϞႋಳ໪ߞᅷឹȄ

!‫ܚ᠌ގ‬Ԥȅ፜ϼᙚӟ‫ڷ‬Ѵ༈