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慠䢚⩺⾺宧ʬ彾ㄦ宧
⍈⊹ ⩺⾺宧㛔‚䠓⁉䏸⋔䂎⑤㊮虇∅䏍戓仵⁉䫭䫤唺㾻䠓㊮ 孉Ҹ≞⦉䛇☛╒⳺虇↠㢘㟑↨怜䋅亨ᾙ虇宏姛厘㳱ⴛ⋷⢷ 崏冔㊞㜨Ὶ⪥虇╺⁉毩寺Ҹ΅㢘㟑↨虇㛧慿冔㳁尭戓₠虇 㛧‚灭⎿│㳱Ҹ㢘㛔‚⾒㵣悒㞝㟿虇⁉䏸㢘姏㢘刘虖㢘 㛔‚⏖䢇䜅䶰䛴虇榦㲯ⴛ㜃虇㢘ㄔⅽ檍虃嬚⅓柏刅☛⁴䲞 䠓 㛔 ‚ 虄Ҹ‚ ᾙ虇㢘 ⁉ 䏸 ╹ 㞾 䮜 䉉 䖍 怺虃 ℚ ⬑ 䕙 慵虇╹ 䚷 㜇 䵏 伢 㜖 ″ 虄虇杫 㝋 ↠ 䠓 幖 㜨 ⁉ 幊 孲虇䉉 ⃤ 亜 ⋴ 伢 㜖Ὶᾼ虇崏冔䊰ㄭ䖕孲Ҹ䋅军⩺⾺宧䠓摹栂㝈ゞⷀ㞾⬑㳳Ҹ 㢇ᾼ⋔䂎╜岆㊞☂ҷ並抨军㟵㠦䠓✫␖㎟⎕ҷ㬄䉉⁉ㆶ⒥䠓 埤⨒ҷ㾀捜䠓─㯮㊮虇╗宧慿⁴吁⎦䣍㚾㻍ᾜ㝆䫗㷑䯸虇 ⃕䯸䠓棱⭚仑⬌≞╾䢋军ᾜ╾ㄦҸ ⩺ ⾺ 宧 䠓 ⋻ 尜 伢 㜖虇榦 㢘 ╾ 劌 ⪶ 扷 ⎕ 㞾 䀟 卹 ╲ 慿 ≂ 伀 ͑͑ 䐈 ⎴ 㞾Ӂ 咀 桓 ӂ㛔 ‚ ͑͑ ⁴ ╳ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ▓ 㚾 㻍 ㎥ Ⓩ ⥮ 䠓 㜖 ⒥ 宧 ㍅ 䉉⦉䪝Ҹ扷⎕伢㜖㞾䏖㝆ゞ䠓虇΅寀╜㞯―㥟≂伀䠓㴧檧 䝤彰㎥佷們冔䠓㏚虇伢懝憨懝䮚虇㛔‚仵佷懁ᾏ⫦㝱 䠓㜖ⴇ㎥䫭ⴇ㧕㥅虇ᾜ䲵▗憨峿䮚䠓䐈灭抌娺⎹╊Ҹᾜⶠ⋶ ⵈ⬨弲㯺䚮虇⃕΅㢘ᾏ䏖㵄㬄䱾㡃㏍虇㢘⁉䏸⫘㶠㝞卹 䛀Ὶ▜儸姛‚虇⃕↠䠓㏏⃫㏏䉉虇䖍崏冔㢒嬥䉉歼⁉刌 凭虇䚩厂╾ㆥ虃嬚⁴䲞⏉㵉ₙ䩾↺虇㎥桔⊓㐙⿂䶆䠓㯪ⳟ捧 懁 嬎 嬎 㑘 ⪹ 栌 䰃 䠓 ㉔ 䵏 虄Ҹ 㥟 宧 悘 虇 厖 ㎠ ↠ 凅 ☛ 啾 虃 Yahweh虄凥 亓 ⳟ 㶠 䠓 㢮 ㄔ虃 嬚 ⎉ ‛ ⓐ ⡪ 䱯 虄虇΅ 㢘 ᾏ ㄗ 㞝 槾䠓彬桱Ҹ厘ℚ军宏虇⢷㗸嬎☛亓㢇㛔‚⃣槾嬐⃜僽䠓亓 㱒虃 ℚ 處⎉ ‛ ⓐ ‣ 10蚙 22虖㶠 ⓐ 33蚙 36虖㢇 ᾘ 3蚙 6虇 ⋼ 8蚙 16虄 虇⢷ ⩺ ⾺ 宧 ⪶ 扷 ⎕ 䵖 ⿔ ᾼ 杤 ⬑虃 ╹ ⎉ 䖍 ⢷ ‛ ⓐ 27虄Ҹ㳳 ⪥ 虇 柳 ― ⦉ 䛇 㛧 ‚ ᾼ 䠓 ᾏ ↚ 䊰 ▜ ⋗ 䥴 㕟 ⎉ ◙ 尰虃 ⋼ 10虄虇⩺ ⾺ 宧 㸡 !ܚ᠌ގԤȅϼᙚӟڷѴ༈
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㢘 㕟 ⎿ ⓐ 尰 虃 ⎉ ‛ ⓐ 1蚙 17虄虇 ΅ 䚩 ⶠ 㕟 ╙ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ 戄 姛 憨 ㄚℚҸ ⩺⾺宧㸡㢘㕟╙⁴吁⎦⁉凩桕㛻㑫䠓ᾼ⪽凥㏏虃嬚㘡ᾙ ᾏ 3 䠓 䫉 儔 虄Ҹ ⪶ ⪩ 㜇 ㉔ 㹐 虇 䠍 ⭢ 㞾 ⢷ 㣠 唙 䠓 Ӂ 所 ⩖ ӂ 㛻 㑫 虇 憨 所 ⩖ ╾ 劌 㞾 䉉 㛻 ⫘ ⾃ ☛ 厜 㑘虃 ⋼ 25蚙 26虄虇㎥ 㞾 匫 㑫 ⌅ 䫭 㞝 虇 ⒔ 㑻 凅 ☛ 啾 虃 ⓐ ᾘ 15蚙 16虄 军 宼 Ҹ ⩺ ⾺ 宧 ΅ 㸡 㢘 㕟 ╙ ⪶ 䫼 ▇虇≞ ↺ ㎥ 䠓 ㄛ 婣虃 嬚 ⎉ ‛ ⓐ Ῥ 䱯 虄虇╹ 宧 悘 ― ᾏ↚桱儳亱ⷔ䠓⎸㢹⁉虇ᾜㅔ■㢃汧㲙✽⃜帯帻虇柳― ↚⁉䠓ⷀ㫼⛞槛☛↚⁉䬞䫘⪥虇῝⎴䠓‚㉔抌䂯ᾜ杫 ㅒ 虃 ⓐ ᾒ 7虇 ⓐ Ῥ 1虄Ҹ 㢃㞝槾䠓㞾虇ᾜ▛㚾㻍Ὶ朢僉῞▗⃫Ҹ⢷㥟䮚〵ᾙ虇憨 ╾㴇☝㝋䜅㟑㸡㢘伀ᾏ䠓㛎㲙虇军ᾣⳳ䱚⢿㛲⃞⢷⸀⢿䠓ⷔ 㶠΅㲯僉仓俣Ҹᾜ懝虇伢㜖䐈⎴㒖⎉虇㢘㚾㻍䱮㑡令╒㎿ 䠓 ☋ 丁虃 ‣ 13蚙 18虄 虇΅ 㢘 㚾 㻍虃 ⶳ ⌅ 㞾 ⁴ 㹤 噽 虄䠋 ⑤ ㇺ ⠖虇 䚩 厂 ⋻ 䋅 ■ ⌅ 㚾 㻍 ⴲ ㎿虃 ⓐ ‛ 1蚙 7虄Ҹ⎸ 㢹 ⁉ 䠓 ⭍ 娺 虇イ 䠋ⅎ桔㌺☛㏏㢘⌅㚾㻍䎕䠋⋷棱⋶㎿虇㢃㐙憨䮽䊰㹤䊰 ⪸ 䠓 䑏 ㋚ 㔷 ■ 㬄 厃虃 ⓐ Ῥ 蚙 ‛ ⓐ ᾏ 䱯 虄Ҹ⩺ ⾺ 宧 ΅ 寀 䢮 ⢿ ╜ 㞯 ― 戙 䜕 㜖 ⴇ 虃 frontier literature虄 䠓 䐈 吁 虇 ⃕ ῝ 㢃 㢘 ╾ 劌 㞾佷們冔㛔㊞憞懝䐈⎴䠓摹栂㏚㹤ℕ岆⏉‚₅虇⡯军䉉似 崆ㄚ㹤☛䭸〞㕟⎉䛂愾Ҹ⡯㳳虇⩺⾺宧䠓㣟㜨㢻ⷀ㍘䜅㞾並 乨ҷ並䔆䠓虇㢘⢿㝈戓槾ㄦ棭⿇⏉䅏☛䁠䯌Ҹ ⁴吁⎦⁉ら䱚䔚⢚Ὶ⏜⢷慵ⓦⷔ䠓㟑㢮虇㭚㎟―⩺⾺ 宧 䠓 剛 㟾 虃 亓 ⋻ ⋒ ⏜ 1100-1000 〃 虄Ҹ 厖 亓 㢇 宧 ㄐ 㢜 慵 ⓦ ⢿ 悒 䖕 ㊂ 䠓 宧 悘虃 ℚ處㢇 ⓐ ᾏ 16蚙 ⓐ ‛ 24虄ᾜ ▛虇⩺ ⾺ 宧 䠓 䏖 㵄㎥⪩㎥ⶠ䚷悒䉉䖍䠓㏚㹤虇㕞俹䔚⢚㎟䱚⏜ᾼ⪽⸀⢿☛ ⪥ 亓 㝵 ⦉ ⎦ ⢿ Ⓩ 䠓 䚮 㻊虃 嬚 ᾏ 19蚙 36虄Ҹ㛧 慿 冔 柳 ― 㹷 ㊞ ↚ ⁉ ☛ ⵅ 〼 䠓 㝴 ⿇ 䚮 㻊 棱 帛 虃 嬚 ⡪ 5虇 〤 㹱 㑘 ⎳ 㝆 㧗 ₅ 虖 ⋼ 11虇 ⦉ 䛇 宼 岏 Ⅼ ⳧ 䠓 瀴 ⳟ 虖 Ῥ 53虇 䑑 䉗 䠓 ⯵ ⁉ 㐙 䩷 䦂 䧇 ⎿ 㵣 !ܚ᠌ގԤȅϼᙚӟڷѴ༈
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慠䢚⩺⾺宧ʬ彾ㄦ宧
丂 ② 榼 ᾙ 虄虇 ΅ 悒 䉉 杫 㹷 ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ ⢷ 恜 ‚ ᾙ 䠓 ⫀ 㛦 Ҹ ⬑㎠↠ㄭ亓㢇宧ⓐᾘ䱯 2 厂 3 䵏㏏嬚虇棭⎸⩺⁉㔶⏅ ― 䫉 棭 㑘 虃 Shephelah虄 ⢿ Ⓩ 虇 │ 㞾 ㄭ ⓦ 扷 䆀 㼆 。 ┮ ㄏ ⋶ 标 ゅ 虇䢃⎿䓅⪶⸀⢿Ὶ朢䠓刴㸒汧┮⢿⿅Ҹ棭⎸⩺⁉䠓‣↚⥝ 攽虇䛀 ⋻ ⋒ ⏜ 1200 〃 ㄛ ᾜ ⋴ ⅄ 㳳 ⢿ 䠓 㼆 ᾙ 㶠 㝞虃 Sea People虄 ㏏ら䱚虇↠㌠嗦弔ⓢ䠓仓俣劌☛⋗懁䠓㐏姢虇⫹ㄦ―⢷ 慵 ⓦ ⪶ 扷 ⎕ ⢿ 㝈 䠓 棇 㲙 ⢿ ⃜虃 㘡 ᾙ ⓐ ᾘ 19蚙 21虄Ҹ⢷ ᾏ 䵖 娺 嬥 䉉 槶 ⋷ 汣 棱 军 㘿 䠓 㛎 㹊 ⅽ 愼 ᾼ虇㹤 冐 垼 ⧭ ᾘ ᾥ虃 Rameses III虄 㕞慿㏢㛦㼆ᾙ㶠㝞☛⌅扷嗌䠓䐈懲恜栙虇⃕ⵈ寀㥟⁉ ⢷ 慵 ⓦ ⷔ虃 ANET, 262虄處Ӂ ㎠ ⶖ Ὲ ⷋ ㇸ ⁉虃 Denyen虄㵉 ㎽ 㝋 ⌅ ⋶ 标 虇 ㅈ ⋚ ⁉ 虃 Tjeker虄 ☛ 㵣 ⎸ ⧭ ⁉ 虃 Peleset虄 崙 ㎟ 䇿 䎋 Ҹ 㼆 ᾙ Ὶ 厜 䏍 䠊虃 Sherden虄☛ 楚 ⾛ ⁏虃 Weshesh虄ᾜ ㄸ ⳧ ⢷ ʫ ʫ ㎠⫘⾀▜虇ⶖῚ⡿僽㝋⦰⩧Ҹӂ⥒╙⁉῝⫀╊―慵ⓦ䠓㔶 ⏅㲙虇㜿ℕ䠓㶠㝞虇⒔㑻棭⎸⩺⁉☛⁴吁⎦⁉虇ⷀῧ㯮朚東 扷⎕⢮⢿虇ⷔᾚℕҸ ⡯㳳虇⩺⾺宧㏏㕞俹䠓ⷔ㟑㢮虇⪶厃ᾙ㞾↚䊰㹤亏ҷ 䊰㛎〫䠓㟑㢮虇ᾜ▛扷嗌☛㶠㝞⢷㛎㹊ᾙ䎼╥㯮㢒虇‡䢇ぬ 㵉虖恜 朴 ▓ 㙩 ᾏ 㝈虇⃫ 伀 㹊 冔 ㎥ 榧 冔Ҹ≂ 懭 仵 ㎠ ↠ 䠓 㜖 㢻 虇 㞾 䛀 ᾏ ▜ ㎥ ᾏ 儳 ╺ ⇩ 䛂 ⌇ 㴆 ▁ ⵅ 虃 Deuteronomistic Historian虄 䠓佷們冔虇㐙┮⋗⢷䔚⢚㟑㢮⁴╲慿ヱゞ⳧䛨䠓ᾏ↚↚䏖㵄 ヨ桕弆ℕ虇佷ⅽ㎟┆Ҹ⾛₾ℕ凥伢ᾼ䠓䛂☌宧虇戓㢘亓㢇 宧ҷ㘡㵜凂宧ᾙᾚҷ⎦䔚亏ᾙᾚ虇憩⿇娺⌯⁴䛂⌇㴆▁ 虃 Deuteronomistic History虄 䠓 ▜ 䯀 Ҹ 寀 ⪩ ⴇ 冔 抌 ▛ ㊞ 虇 憨 ᾏ 仓㢇┆伢懝佷們䠓懝䮚虇⎸䚷╲慿≂伀ҷ䔚〼▁宧╙⌅㜖 ⴇ㣟㜨㎟虇⡯㳳ヱ⧠―凥伢伢㜖䠓捜灭☛栂慿虇㭚㎟ᾏ ↚洽㞝䠓䫭ⴇ嬥孡Ҹ䛂⌇㴆▁䠓Ὴ㝷㞾テ屎䫭䠓ⳟ㶠ㅔ榗榕 ㄭ凥亓虇ᾜ戄ㄭㄚ㹤ҷᾜⴗ䫭䠓⌇䱯ㅔ㑪厃㉰㤫Ҹⴇ冔愷
!ܚ᠌ގԤȅϼᙚӟڷѴ༈
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峧⎿ᾏ⫦⌀▛䠓仟㭚☛寭ヨ虇〃₌ᾏ去无䉉⋻⋒⏜⋼ᾥ亏 ㄛ㢮Ҹ1 憨ㄛ㢮佷們冔亜⋴⩺⾺宧ᾼ䠓▓ᾜ䢇、䠓㛔‚虇㕞慿 ⁴吁⎦⁉朚⭚⢷慵ⓦ⢿ⷔ㟑䚮㻊⬑⃤懼懖吀⡿虇ᾣ⢥ ㍘␄憯儳汣怺⎕㟑㏏棱䠓㒠㎿Ҹㄭᾏ朚⭚虇佷們冔ⷀ➦ 寵䚷⁉ⅰ㢜䠓㝈ゞ虇仵憨㵄ㄗ⁴⏜䠓㴆▁␄憯ᾏ䮽憲帺 ㆶ虇▛㟑΅㢃䢃㔴⢿■ㄗ⁴ㄛҷ㻊⢷娺埫⾃㵣↺㟑㢮䠓╦ 䣍尹尀虇↠ⷀ≞⩺⾺㟑㢮䠓䠍⭢㸡㢘䔚虇军ᾣ榎↠ 䚮㻊䠓‚₅僉῞㛎㹊㔶⏅Ҹ2 ⩺⾺宧⁴亓㢇䠓㴊宙㑘朚⿆虇㛧慿⁴吁⎦⁉䛀㝋僉 ῞テ军㢘䠓榧虇䱚│栆⋴ᾜ㞝㢦䠓㟾㹐Ҹ⡯㳳虇⩺⾺宧 䠓 ᾏ ↚ Ὴ 槛 ⷀ 㞾 㐍 ㎥ 㿃 㢪 Ӂ ▗ 㹤 䠓 榧 ӂ虇 3 憨 ↚ Ὴ 槛 坘 嗦 ⋷㢇㢏ㄛ」䱯ᾏ↚╜嬕⎉䖍䠓╴ⳟ姷懣⎉ℕ處ᖻᅗ᎔ᒩᐬ
ጱ ᕶ ᑺ ᎊ ᅗ ᐾ ዷ ᐞ Ấ ᒚ ᒭ 虃 ⓐ ⋺ 1虇 ‛ ⓐ ᾏ 25虄Ҹ 冒 ㋽ ⎿ 憨 ₌㣟㜨⪶扷⎕䛀䛂⌇㴆▁ⵅ佷㎟虇〃₌ᾜ㢒㝸㝋⋻⋒⏜ᾒᾥ 亏ㄛ㢮虇戲灋佷們冔䠓峿䮚╾劌㞾嬐▗㹤⒥亓嬎⢷䓅⪶䠓 䴰 㹊 虃 ⋻ ⋒ ⏜ 640-609 〃 虄Ҹ ΅ 㢘 ╵ ᾏ ╾ 劌 ㆶ 虇 㧈 㙩 㘡 㵜 凂 宧 ᾙ䲻ⓐ‛䱯㏏尹虇㞾嬐槾䫉⁴吁⎦⁉䢮㳲䠓䔚㞾凅☛啾虇呴 㸡㢘䫭凥䠓㒖イ虇䠍⭢ㅔ栆⋴㛎㹊☛䫍㢒䠓㾆‑ᾼҸ4 1
杫 㝋 䛂 ⌇ 㴆 ▁ 䠓 ⴇ 姢 㔱 宝 Ὶ ⭚ 㢺 虇 㢃 専 䡰 䠓 宝 履 虇 嬚 Steven L. McKenzie, “Deuteronomistic History,” in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 2, ed. David N. Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 160-68Ҹ
2
Baruch Halpern, The First Historians: The Hebrew Bible and History. (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1988b), 138-39.
3
E. Theodore Mullen Jr., “The ‘Minor Judges’: Some Literary and Historical Considerations,” CBQ 44 (1982): 194.
4
Marc Z. Brettler, “The Book of Judges: Literature as Politics,” JBL 108 (1989): 395-418; William J. Dumbrell, “‘In Those Days There Was No King in Israel; Every Man Did What Was Right in His Own Eyes’: The Purpose of the Book of Judges Rconsidered,” JSOT 25 (1983): 31-32.
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慠䢚⩺⾺宧ʬ彾ㄦ宧
I. 㜖ⴇ⎕㤟 ⩺⾺宧㢏㞝槾䠓㜖ⴇ䐈灭㞾處‡ᾜ䢇杫䠓㛔‚㛅桕弆 ℕ虇伢 亊 伀 ⒥ 䠓 ⴘ 㔡 ☛ 佷 悾虇㎟ 䉉 ᾏ ↚ 憲 帺 䠓 㜃 汣Ҹ 5 ⋷ 㢇 ╾ ⎕ ㎟ ᾘ ⪶ 㵄 處虃 1虄 イ 宏 ╙ 孲 尹 㛧 ‚ 虃 ᾏ 1蚙 ᾘ 6虄虖虃 2虄 ⩺ ⾺ 㛔 ‚ 桕虃 ᾘ 7蚙 ⓐ ⋼ 31虄虖虃 3虄⡪ ↚ 䏖 㵄虇捜 灭 ⢷ 㝋 㕞 慿 䜅 㟑 䠓 䊰 㛎 〫 䑏 㹐虃 ⓐ ᾒ 1蚙 ‛ ⓐ ᾏ 25虄Ҹ憨 ↚ 㞝 䩉 㞢 嬚 䠓 仟 㭚 槾 䫉虇⩺⾺宧伢懝ᾏ↚6 ㎥⋸↚7 䔚⢚ㄛ㢮㎥娺埫㴇⡭㟑㢮䠓儳 仓虇㢘㊞峧⢿佷悾⽴虇⿅⎉䐈⎴䠓䫭ⴇ捜灭Ҹ憨ᾜ㞾尹 ⩺⾺宧䠓㛔‚╾⁴㚀⢷ᾏ戙虇ⴛ⋷染ㄭ㝋䛂⌇㴆▁ⵅ䠓䫭ⴇ 峿䮚Ҹ䊰履憨㛔‚⬑⃤伢懝ㄛ㢮佷ⅽ冔䠓⒔婬虇捜嬐䠓㞾 ⋗㢘㛔‚虇䋅ㄛ㏜憞懝㛔‚◗䖍⎉⩺⾺宧䠓䢮㳲䐈ㆶ☛屎 ⳟҸ8 ⩺⾺宧⁴ᾏ㵄㬑㑻䠓イ宏朚⭚虇⿅⎉―ᾏ↚懝㾰㢮處ㄭ 亓㢇榧ᾚ虇․䋅㢘〞䠓㟑㢮虇懁⋴⅒ℎ⩺⾺Ӂ厗弆ӂ䠓 㾆‑㟾㹐Ҹ榼⋸䱯孲捚䉉䚩灋⁴吁⎦㚾㻍虇ᾜ劌ㅈ〤ㄐ㢜㍘ 寀Ὶ⢿䠓慵ⓦ⁉☛⌅ⷔ㶠Ҹ⌅ᾼᾏ↚ℚⳟ⎉䖍⢷⩺⾺宧ᾏ 䱯 19 䵏 虇 尹 䫭 凥 ㎿ ⩺ 凅 ☛ 啾 ℎ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ 䠓 䓅 ⪶ 㚾 㻍 ⢷ ⸀ ⢿ ㄦ
5
嬚 Marvin A. Sweeney, “Davidic Polemic in the Book of Judges,” VT 47 (1997): 529 ⢥ 姷 Ҹ
6
Hans D. Hoffmann, Reform und Reformen: Untersuchungen zu einem Grundthema der deuteronomistischen Geschichtsschreibung. ATANT 66 (Zurich: Theologischer Verlag, 1980); John Van Seter, In Search of History: Historiography in the Ancient World and the Origins of Biblical History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983).
7
Andrew D. H. Mayes, The Story of Israel between Settlement and Exile: A Redactional Study of the Deuteronomistic History (London: SCM Press, 1983), 58-80; Mark A. O’Brien, The Deuteronomistic History Hypothesis: A Reassessment. OBO 92 (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1989), 82-98.
8
Halpern, The First Historians, 124-30.
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⑬虇⃕ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ 㸡 劌 ⪯ 㙙 㛦 。 ┮ 䠓 ⷔ 㶠虇⡯ 䉉 ↠ 㢘Ӂ 旄 恙 ӂҸ 亓 㢇 宧 ⓐ ᾏ 䱯 6 厂 9 䵏 ☛ ⩺ ⾺ 宧 ⡪ 䱯 13 厂 16 䵏 抌 㕞 慿 懝 ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ ㎿ ⑬ 㙐 㢘 ㎿ 恙 䠓 恜 栙虇⩺ ⾺ 宧 ᾏ 䱯 19 䵏 㐎 尜 ⫀ 㛦 ⷀ 槾ㄦ䛿῝⿇Ҹᾜ懝虇厖亓㢇宧榼ⓐ‛䱯䖕㊂⒥䠓㛧‚䢇 㵣虇憨䵏伢㜖䉉⁴吁⎦⁉ㄐ㢜娺⃣榧⢿䛛䠓劌虇㕟⎉―悒 䉉。姰䠓寤⊈Ҹ伢㜖΅テ屎―⁴吁⎦⁉☛慵ⓦ┮ⷔ㶠⢷䏸幹 㜖⒥ᾙ䠓⎕捝Ҹ 憨㵄孲尹幖㜨΅⒔►⋸╴‡㢘⎉⋴䠓尀虇履⎿Ⅼ䛨㥟 㜄 䠓 慵 ⓦ ⁉Ҹ 9 ⋸ 冔 Ὶ ᾼ虇悒 䉉 ⇞ 捜 䫭 ⴇ 䠓 戲 ᾏ ╴ ⴲ ◙虇凅 ☛ 啾 㸉 崢 ↠ ⳧ 䛨 ᾚ ℕ 虃 ⷀ 㞾 尹 虇 䫭 ᾜ 㢒 㐙 ↠ 弤 ⎉ ╊ 虄虇 䉉嬐坘㳳ᾦ➱᎔ᒩᐬዷᅗᡒ᎘ᣞᜑἇ᎘ᣞᐬ᧶◇ᑞ␉ᒭᔾ
ᛵ ጰ ᜑ 虃 ‛ 22虄Ҹ ⫖ ㆹ 䠓 㞾 虇 ⢷ ╵ ᾏ 㵄 孲 尹 虇 䫭 㸉 ℎ 䚷 憨⁉虇ᑗᎿ᎔ᒩᐬᛵឹጂጂ⍆ᰂᏦᴜ⍤ᬗᛵ⍓ᗇ 虃 ᾘ 2虖 䉉 ― ⒥ 孲 ⋸ 冔 䠓 䥪 䢍 虇 NRSV 㐙 ⩺ ⾺ 宧 ᾘ 䱯 2 䵏 㛍 懁 㑻ザ婰虇⁴䫉憨䵏伢㜖棭┮ℕ㛔‚䠓ᾏ扷⎕虇军㞾姷ㄛ 㢮 寊 捚 冔 憨 㵄 㛧 ‚ 䠓 寤 寊 虄Ҹ⩺ ⾺ 㟑 㢮 䠓 ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ ᾜ ╾ 劌 榧 㢒⎿䚷慵ⓦ⁉寵毦↠虇㎥坘嗦慵ⓦ⁉客侃↠ⴇ㢒恜‚㐏 劌 㢘 ⃤ ⊈ ⇋虇䐈 ⎴ 㞾 䜅 㟑 ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ 㳲 ╦ 慵 ⓦ ⁉ 䠓 ⩢ 慺Ҹᾜ 懝 虇 䛂⌇㴆▁ⵅㄭ‚ㄛ孡〵䢚憨‚₅虇㏏⁴劌⪯憞懝⌅㛧慿尹 㞝ᾏ↚嬐灭處⁴吁⎦⁉卹㑪㎁僿虇╹㢘凅☛啾劌⪯柳╊⩢慺 ↠ 䠓 ⁉ Ҹ 10 ⩺ ⾺ 宧 ᾼ 朢 扷 ⎕ 䠓 㛔 ‚ 虃 ᾘ 7蚙 ⓐ ⋼ 31虄 槾 ㄦ ㊗ ℕ ㊗ 㾆 ‑Ҹ䲻 ᾏ ↚ ⩺ ⾺ ⅓ 柏 刅虃 ᾘ 7蚙 11虄㞾 ⩺ ⾺ ♐ 㧋 䠓 ⌇ 䵓虇 嘨 䫭厗弆虇㢜ℜ䠍⭢虇军ᾣ娺凅☛啾䠓棗⋔䂎Ҹ⡭㍘䠍⭢䠓
9
Marc Z. Brettler, The Book of Judges (London and New York: Routledge, 2002), 79.
10
Robert H. O’Connell, The Rhetoric of the Book of Judges, VTS 63 (Leiden: Brill, 1996), 76-79.
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慠䢚⩺⾺宧ʬ彾ㄦ宧
梏嬐虇䉉↠⿅ℕ恜‚⑬⎸虇╗⿅ℕ⡪ⓐ〃䠓ⴘ㝴ⳟ虇┊ 㸡㢘䯀䔚虇㎥䠍⭢㝌呪⏊䠓䴰㣮Ҹ䋅军⢷⁴ㄛ虇懢ㅆ 㮨䀥☛榧娥㲙⮐ㆴ␖姿嗌Ҹㄭ⁴䲞⋔䜅㏚㥢洽姏䠓⏉ⴱ虇⎿ ⦉䛇㎆䜠卹⾀䠓劌虇╙厂╒⳺⢷棭⎸⩺▓⥝㽺囸Ⲙ沶虇䲻 ᾘ厂ⓐ⋼䱯㛔‚䠓ᾥ䛛虇䆤卷ㅈ〤䊰㹤䊰⪸䠓䑏㹐Ҹᾜ懝虇 凥伢䠓佷們冔棭⿇㾔挡⢿㐙憨䏖㵄憲俺㎟ᾏ↚῝㒘㟑〞 佷㔡䠓㛧‚Ҹᾜ⃕⬑㳳虇憨㛔‚憨ᾏ㵄⁴吁⎦㴆▁㕟K ―ᾏ↚履愾ゞ䠓孏灭虇Ὴ嬐䠓䚷㊞㞾⎇槾䓅⪶㚾㻍䠓㛎㹊捜 嬐 ㆶ 虃 嬚 ᾏ 2虖 桥 䋅 ⓐ ‣ 9蚙 13 厖 Ὶ 㭚 ㎟ 㵣 虄Ҹ 䐈 ⎴ 㞾 虇 憨 㛔‚テ⪶姪䔚㢬ㄛ㢮䯸䠓捜嬐ㆶ虇ⶖῚ厖㔒儔☛ⅎ桔 ㌺ ⁉ 䠓 ⫀ 㛦 ⃫ 㵣Ҹ11 ⃕ 憨 㛔 ‚ 棭 㒘 㟑 〞 ℕ 佷 㔡虇㟑 〞 䠓 亙‑╜军㞾⌀▛䠓䐈灭Ҹ㛔‚䠓ㄹ䘿㎥㧕㥅虇仵⁉㜖ⴇ☛䫭 ⴇ伀ᾏㆶ䠓㊮孉Ҹ 凥伢佷們冔㔰䚷䠓㧕㥅䢇䜅䶰✽虇ℬㄹᾏ⫦⢉䠓‚₅ ヱ ㋚ 虃 ‛ 11蚙 19虄 ℕ 摹 㔡 Ҹ 憞 懝 捜 媖 䠓 㧋 ゞ テ 屎 虇 ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ 桥䋅㢘⩺⾺厗弆⿺↠虇⭚仑㛔㋚ㄸ喛虇ᾜ榕ㄭ䫭虇㑪厃 䫭 ᾜ ㈔ Ҹ 12 虃1虄⁴吁⎦⁉ᾜ榕ㄭ䫭 虃2虄䫭ℎ⁴吁⎦⁉╦⩢慺
⩺⾺宧ㄹ䘿 虃5虄⩺⾺仟㣮╦⩢慺䠓㟾㹐
虃3虄⁴吁⎦⁉㈣㛈 虃4虄䫭厗弆⩺⾺
11
Sweeney, “Davidic Polemic in the Book of Judges,” 517; Andrew D. H. Mayes, “Deuteronomistic Royal Ideology in Judges 17-21,” BibInt 9 (2001): 252-53.
12
Michael K. Wilson, “‘As You Like It’: The Idolatry of Micah and the Danites (Judges 17-18),” RTR 54 (1995): 75.
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1. ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ 䐾 價虇懤 䐾 䫭 厖 ↠ ㏏ 䱚 䠓 亓虃 姛 凅 ☛ 啾 ᯗ ጱ ᡒ
ᠥ ᳢ ᛵ ᗇ 虇 桱 朚 凅 ☛ 啾 虇 ╊ ‚ ⫘ ⎴ 䠓 䫭 Ӊ ᾘ 7ӊ虄Ҹ 2. 凅 ☛ 啾 ⪶ ⫀ ㏏ 㢪虇ㆡ 㶲 䠋 ⃫虇ⷀ ℎ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ ╦ 染 慠 䠓 㶠 㝞 ⩢ 慺 Ҹ 憨 㞾 䫭 儸 履 虃 theodicy虄 䠓 ᾏ ↚ 令 ℂ ℚ ⳟ 虇 孲 捚 䫭 䉉 ⃤ ⵈ 崢 ⩭ ‚ 䠋 䚮 ⢷ 嘨 㕏 戇 Ὶ 㶠 怺 ᾙҸ憨 ᾜ 㞾 ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ 䓷 㢘 䠓 伢 毦Ҹ⢷ ⋻ ⋒ ⏜ Ῥ ᾥ 亏 䠓ҿ 丂 㸨 䨠 㜖 Ӏ 虃 Mesha Stela虄虇 㗸 㑋 䔚 丂 㸨 孲 捚 䉉 ⃤ ↠ ╦ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ ⩢ 慺 虇 尹 處Ӂ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ 䔚㠦⎸㔶⏅㗸㑋⪩〃虇⡯䉉㎠↠䠓Ὴ䫭⦉㑈䠓㶠䠋 ㆡ Ҹ ӂ 13 3. ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ ㈣ 㛈虇☋ 㷑 凅 ☛ 啾虇屚 㷑 䫑 㛠 ↠ 㚉 劺 ⩢ 慺Ҹ㛔 ‚㧕㥅䠓憨ᾏ㳴毮䉉⁴吁⎦⁉㕟K―峘㞝處↠ㅔ榗㈣ 㛈虇䫭 ㏜ 㢒 ⌜ 㲰 ㈔ 亜 ↠Ҹ憨 ᾜ 姷 䫉 ↠ ⋗ ⏜ 䠓 姛 䉉 㞾 㳲 䜅 䠓虇΅ ᾜ 㞾 坘 㳳 㕪 ╥ 凅 ☛ 啾 ⿺ ↠虇军 㞾 尹虇憨 㞾 崢 ↠捜㜿ⷴ姛凥亓㨬㳍䠓⚾ᾏ憣ㄠҸ 4. 凅 ☛ 啾 ⷀ 厗 弆 ⩺ ⾺ ℕ 埤 䖕 ─ 㯮 Ҹ 㢘 」 㲰 虇 䫭 䠓 棗 㹷 ⋴ ⩺ ⾺虇 ↠ ⷀ ╦ ㊮ 姛 ⑤虇 ㄦ 嗦 㢃 ⪶ 䠓 㲙 㥓Ҹ⢷ ⪶ ⪩ 㜇 ㉔ 㹐 ᾚ虇⩺ ⾺ 䠓 ₊ ⑨ 㞾 ⢷ 㥟 ↚ 䐈 ⢿ Ⓩ ⦆ 姛 恜 ‚ 姛 ⑤虇桥 䋅 ᾜ ᾏ㞾㢘仓俣䠓㎿‚Ҹ 5. ᾏ 㵄 ☛ 。ҷ㢘 䭸 〞 䠓 㟑 㢮虃 憩 ⿇ 㞾 ‛ ⓐҷ⡪ ⓐ ㎥ ⋺ ⓐ 〃 Ὶ 㜇 虄虇 厖 ⩺ ⾺ 䠓 分 ‚ 䚮 㼾 ▛ 㟑 ⎉ 䖍 虇 䋅 ㄛ 䠍 ⭢ 」 ῝ 䱚 │ ⌜ ⨽ ⋴ 㭚 ㎟ 䜅 ⎬ ─ 㯮 䠓 價 婰虇╗ 朚 ⭚ ᾏ ↚ ㄹ 䘿Ҹ ↠ 捜 㜿 栆 嗌Ӂ⫀㛦ӂ䠓㟾㹐虇㞾懁⋴ᾚᾏ䏖㵄䠓∻⒥␠Ҹ 憨↚仟㭚䠓⦉㢻䐈灭虇ㄭ⩺⾺宧䲻Ῥ䱯弆朚⭚⎕孲Ҹ㢻 䱯岪慿㵣丂②䠓㴧㡃㛔‚虇宧慿ₐ⢥⫹╥䏅嬹⦉䛇㑡令 13
Victor H. Matthews and Don C. Benjamin, Old Testament Parallels: Laws and Stories from the Ancient Near East (Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1997), 158.
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慠䢚⩺⾺宧ʬ彾ㄦ宧
㔴╦䠓䔚㲙Ҹㄭ憨㟑弆虇㸡㢘ᾏ↚⩺⾺劌╥ㄦ⋷棱㎟虇㸡 㢘ᾏ↚⩺⾺娺ヱⵈ䉉仵戲⢿⿅ℕ⪹。Ҹ凅ウ䛀㢻㚾㻍䠓⁉ 㔷ᾙ⩺⾺䠓⃜僽虇桥䋅㏢㛦㓺⁉虇⃕㸡㢘柳╊㏏㢘⩢慺 ↠䠓㶠㝞虇军ᾣ懤䐾―⁴吁⎦㛨䠓ᾏ↚⦉㢻ⅰ㨬虇⡯ 䉉 ② 亱 䫭 ℎ 䎼 ㎿ 䔁 ⑬虇䔊 ⬂ ⋡ 䉉 䫼虃 ⓐ ᾏ 29蚙 40虄Ҹ㢏 ㄛ ᾏ↚⪶⩺⾺╒⳺ㄭ㸡㢘䔖榧䠍⭢䎼㎿虇┊䠋⑤䭐⁉㎿沴虇㎿ 沴Ὴ嬐㞾䛀㝋ᾏ䚮ᾼ厖Ὶ亍倞ᾜ㾔䠓⬂⁉军イ䠋虇㢏ㄛ㵏 㔘 棭 ⎸ ⩺ ⁉ 䠓 ᾏ 〶 䫭 㵎虇厖 ᾏ ⪶ 儳 ⁉ ▛ 㴇 㝋 䡰虃 ⓐ ⋼ 28蚙 36虄 Ҹ ⩺⾺宧䠓㢏ㄛ‣䱯虃ⓐᾒ蚙‛ⓐᾏ䱯虄ㄗ䐈⎴虇⡯䉉伢 㜖㸡㢘㕟╙₊⃤ᾏ↚⩺⾺Ҹ㛔‚䂎悘嗦⢷䊰㹤䊰⪸䑏㋚ᾚ䠋 䚮 䠓 ‚ ₅虇憨 ‚ ₅ ⢷ 㢇 ᾼ ⌅ 扷 ⎕ ⎉ 䖍 懝 ͑͑ 㹤 亏 ᾜ ヿҷ⋶ ㎿䎕䠋ҷ㑫∅≞虇┊㸡㢘⩺⾺厗弆ℕ桲槛Ҹ㛔‚╜军宧 慿ᾏ↚ⓠ䠓⎸㢹⁉虇ⓣ⁉㑫∅≞虇⋗㞾⢷丂慵䠓ⵅ ᾼ伢䍮ᾏ↚䫭⦑虖䜅戆䮊⎴⢿䠓⃕㚾㻍テ⫹丂慵䠓∅≞虇⢷ 㜿㎟䱚䠓抌⥝宼䱚䫭㵎ㄛ虇╗惘军䉉⃕⁉㛗⑭Ҹ⩺⾺宧仟 㣮⏜䠓㛧‚虇㐙㕞慿㡃域姛䉉䠓Ὴ槛㔷ᾙ汧䃽虇憨㵄⫖䛿䠓 㛔‚岪慿ᾏ⁉汽㒖䠓テ㧗虇⁴╙䐌㼘㏏㢘㚾㻍䠓⋶ ㎿Ҹ桥䋅㎠↠ㄗⵈ㞢㢒尹虇憨㛔‚染⢷㢇㢺㞾⡯䉉厖⩺ ⾺宧䠓⌅㣟㜨䢇虇⃕㢃㢘╾劌㞾憨染䠓㛔‚㞾嬐㕟 Kᾏ↚㜖ⴇ䠓懝㾰㵄嗌虇䉉㘡㵜凂宧ᾙⷤ朚䠓䔚⢚㟑㢮榟⋗ 摹 㔡Ҹ⩺ ⾺ 宧 䠓 㢏 ㄛ 」 䱯虇⁴ 㢏 洽 㞝 䠓 㝈 ゞ 姷 䖍 ― 憨 ᾏ Ὴ 槛 處
ᖻ ᅗ ᎔ ᒩ ᐬ ጱ ᕶ ᑺ ᎊ ᅗ ᐾ ዷ ᐞ Ấ ᒚ ᒭ 虃 ‛ ⓐ ᾏ 25虄Ҹ 憨↚仟㣮㵄嗌΅䉉䔚⢚䠓ら䱚㕟K⌯⌤⦑䠖䠓䖕㙩虇军 ᾣ䉉㔒儔☛⪶姪╦匞㎟䉉⁴吁⎦䠓榼⋸⃜⢚ⵅ榧娥⫯⦉ 䪝Ҹ㳳⪥虇䛂⌇㴆▁ⵅ╾劌⾛㢪⎇槾Ӂ㳲儸ӂῚ䔚⬑亓嬎 䠓捜嬐ㆶ虇䃣㽷凥㵎虇㑕㵏₾䐈⎸䠓⇖䫼⩖虇捜ⴗ懍弙䵏 虃 䔚 ᾚ ‛ ⓐ ‛ 3蚙 ‛ ⓐ ᾘ 27虄Ҹ憨 ⷀ 厖 亓 嬎 䠓 ⋡ ⳟ 亓 桔 㛻 ☛ 嬎〤ⵅ㭚㎟―䢃㔴㵣處亓桔㛻☛嬎〤ⵅ⢷⪥ℕ⑱䠓㛎㹊 !ܚ᠌ގԤȅϼᙚӟڷѴ༈
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㐅ᾚ䠊ᾙ䔚⃜虇㢏仑厃ⷋ⾒䛁ⷋ㘡☛⾃㵣↺凅彾㘡⍆ ⪶ 䠋 䉗 ㆡ 虃 䔚 ᾚ ‛ ⓐ ᾘ 36蚙 ‛ ⓐ ⡪ 20虄Ҹ 14 ⩺⾺㬑䛴 ⅓柏刅處嘨䫭厗弆虇㏢㛦儝亱ᾜ懣丂䠓垼䔚╳䕙⎸圸 䚿 虇 ⢚ ᾼ ⪹ 。 ⡪ ⓐ 〃 虃 ᾘ 7蚙 11虄Ҹ ⁴ 䲞處㠦 㵉 㗸 㑋 䔚 ₙ 䩾 ↺虇⢚ ᾼ ⪹ 。 ⋺ ⓐ 〃虃 ᾘ 12蚙 30虄Ҹ 䕙慵處䚷弤䏪䠓㩜ⳟ㏢㴊⋼䠍棭⎸⩺⁉虇ⷀӁ㑾㛠ӂ―⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ 虃 ᾘ 31虄Ҹ 〤㹱㑘處㞾⋗䥴☛⢿㝈⎳ⴧ虇⬈䅏⒄⾃㑘⢷▓㚾㻍ᾼ仓 俣 恜 栙 虇 ㏢ 㛦 凅 幢 ☛ 嬎 嬎 㑘 虃 ⡪ 蚙 ‣ 䱯 虄Ҹ ⦉䛇處娺䫭䠓棗⋔䂎虇⢷ᾏ憲῁㎿ㄈᾼ㑾㛠⁴吁⎦⁉劺桱 丂 䛇 䠓 ⩢ 慺 虇 ⢚ ᾼ ⪹ 。 ⡪ ⓐ 〃 虃 ⋼ 蚙 ⋺ 䱯 虄Ҹ 㵣丂②處⦉䛇Ὶⳟ虇⃕ᾜ㞾⩺⾺虇㵉―ᾒⓐ↚⋓ギ虇ㄦ 䫉 ␜ ⥝ Ὶ ㎟ 䉉 恜 朴 虇 ᾘ 〃 ㄛ ⢷ ㎿ ‚ ᾼ 娺 㵉 虃 Ῥ 䱯 虄Ҹ 柏 㑘 處 ⩺ ⾺ 虇 ⁴ 圸 慵 ⁉ 虇 㢜 ℜ ‛ ⓐ ᾘ 〃 虃 ⓐ 1蚙 2虄Ҹ 䣩䕴處⩺⾺虇⦉⎦⁉虇㢘ᾘⓐ↚⋡ⳟ虇㢜ℜ‛ⓐ‛〃 虃 ⓐ 3蚙 5虄Ҹ 凅ウ處Ⓓㄡ欥榧虇╦⦉⎦榧娥Ὶ戏㑾㛠↠劺桱㓺⁉ 䠓⩢慺虇ㄛℕ厖⁴㹤噽⁉䎕䠋⋶㎿虇䉉ⴗ尢军㐙⬂⋡䔊 䫼 虃 ⓐ 6蚙 ⓐ ‛ 7虄Ҹ ⁴㵣崩處⩺⾺虇₾⎸㇕⁉虇㢘ᾘⓐ↚⋡ⳟҷᾘⓐ↚⬂ ⋡ 虇 㢜 ℜ ᾒ 〃 虃 ⓐ ‛ 8蚙 10虄Ҹ ⁴ ↺ 處 ⩺ ⾺ 虇 嬎 ⾒ ↺ ⁉ 虇 㢜 ℜ ⓐ 〃 虃 ⓐ ‛ 11蚙 12虄Ҹ
14
E. Aydeet Mueller, The Micah Story: A Morality Tale in the Book of Judges (New York: Peter Lang, 2001), 15.
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慠䢚⩺⾺宧ʬ彾ㄦ宧
㑋榢處⩺⾺虇⁴㹤噽䠓㵣㑘榢⁉虇㢘⡪ⓐ↚⋡ⳟҷᾘ ⓐ ↚ ⳺ ⳟ 虇 㢜 ℜ ⋺ 〃 虃 ⓐ ‛ 13蚙 15虄Ҹ ╒⳺處㒎亿凂⁉虇㢘弔⁉Ὶ虇䠓↚⁉㴆根䐌㼘」↚棭 ⎸⩺⬂⁉虇㵉―」ⓒ棭⎸⩺⁉虇⁴㉁␖仟㣮䚮☌Ҹ⃫ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⩺ ⾺ ‛ ⓐ 〃 虃 ⓐ ᾘ 蚙 ⓐ ⋼ 䱯 虄Ҹ 15
II. 㜖⒥⎕㤟 嬐㞝䠌⩺⾺宧䠓㣟㜨虇ⷀ嬐䖕孲㛔‚䠓⃫冔虇⁴╙㐙憨 㛔‚佷㎟悒朆䵖㛧‚䠓ㄛ㢮佷們冔䠓┮㊞Ҹ㵞ᾏ↚㶠㝞抌 㢘Ӂ員捝ӂ㢮虇㢘⁉㉔槧㐙ⴒㅧ㔘虇⃕ⴒ㝋ᾏ↚㶠㝞䠓 仓㎟懝䮚弆嗦棭⿇捜嬐䠓⃫䚷Ҹ扷㝞⒥䠓⁴吁⎦㢏⪩╹㞾沕 㛲 䠓 㚾 㻍 凾 䡮虇Ὴ 嬐 䛀 慁 㣠 㜖 ⒥ ㏏ 㭚 ㎟Ҹ16 䣍 ⪩ 㚾 㻍 㢘 㟑 㢒 ▗ ⃫虇⃕ 㳲 ⬑Ӂ 〤 㹱 㑘 Ὶ 㳛 ӂ虃 ‣ 12蚙 16虄☛ 凅 ウ 厖 ⁴ 㹤 噽 ⁉ Ὶ朢䠓ᾜ☛㏏槾䫉虇㚾㻍▗⃫ㄭℕᾜ㞾㟽懜㎥朆㢮䠓䖍巰Ҹ ㄚ㹤嬞㨬☛ⴗ亓䠓儸⑨虇⎿⁴吁⎦㴆▁䠓ㄛ㢮㏜⎉䖍虇㐙⁉ 㶠仟▗㎟ᾏ↚㛎㹊✽⋒Ҹ呴㸡㢘伢懝⩺⾺㟑㢮䠓‑巰虇嬐 䖍ᾏ汣⒥㞾ᾜ⪶╾劌䠓虖⩺⾺㟑㢮彂ℎㄛ⁉イ⁴䉉无虇戎⋜ 捜志嬕惜Ҹ䊰履㢘⪩⪶䠓ⴲ≂ㆶ虇憨㛧‚䛀㳳军㕟⎉―䖕 㙩虇嬐似崆ㄚ㹤☛䭸〞ҷら䱚䴰㹊㯮杫虇⁴䩉ⅬⴘҸ⩺⾺ 宧䠓㛔‚΅㕟挡ㄛᾥ虇䐈⎴㞾怺埤娺埫㴇⡭㟑虇▛㮲㸡㢘 䔚䠓⁉處㜖⒥☛㛎㹊䠓㾆‑虇㞾䛀㝋㸡㢘戄ⴗ凥亓㏏厃Ҹ 嗦㏚㔱宝⩺⾺宧䠓㟑↨虇㎠↠⪶╾⁴㊂≞ᾏ㵄䡽䊰㹤 亏ҷ≂伀ᾏ㬑娺ᾮ㩓䠓㴆▁〃虇ℚ⬑ⓐ‛ᾥ亏䠓咀⢚虇‷
15
㳳 㬑 䛴 ⅽ 㛈 卹 J. Maxwell Miller and John H. Hayes, A History of Ancient Israel and Judah (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1986), 88Ҹ
16
Victor H. Matthews and Don. C. Benjamin, The Social World of Ancient Israel (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1993), 96-97.
!ܚ᠌ގԤȅϼᙚӟڷѴ༈
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13
⎸ ᾏ ᾥ 虃 Henry I 虄 䠓 ㄛ 婣 䗹 嘑 䏍 懣 虃 Matilda 虄 ☛ 㜾 嘑 吻 虃 Stephen虄 ╙ ⌅ 憌 样 冔 忑 怹 ⢚ ⵅ 虇 㹤 亏 囸 䋅 䊰 ⳧ 虖 ╗ ⬑ 㒎 ⪶ 㴥 㶠 㟑 㢮虇㹤 婣 㓤 䔄 冔 ⁴ 朚 員 東 ⢮ҷ懯 桱 㜖 㞝 ᾥ 䛛 军 歂 ▜ Ҹ 厖㳳槭▛䠓戓㢘⒦儝戙䜕䚮㻊虇⎉䖍⢷⋻⋒ⓐῬᾥ亏ㄛⓙ 嗘虇㙐㢘テ⪶䇺虇✓㝋㝌察ҷ♓殨ҷ⮐懋䠓⁉娺◈㓶䉉咀 桓虇㎥ 厂 ⶠ ㎟ 䉉 ╜ 咀 桓Ҹ≞ 㵣 ⎸ ⳟ虃 Billy the Kid虄ҷ㣿 嬎 專 ⭕ 㜾虃 Jessie James虄ҷ姊 䏪 ⾛ 䭠 ⋚虃 Wild Bill Hickok虄䳘 ▜ ⳦ ⢷㎠↠勵㼆㻽䖍虇↠坟嬥㹤亏䠓䮽䮽姛ㄠ虇⬑⩺⾺宧㏏㕞 俹䠓⁉䏸去ⵛ㢘≂⫖吁ヸҸ↠抌㞾咀桓巹∠虇↠䚮。 ‚ 忮 䠓 尖 ツ 㕞 慿虇ᾜ ≔ ≔ 㞾 宧 撓 㴆 ▁虇㢃 㞾 䉉 ᾏ ↚ 㟑 屎 Ҹ ⁴吁⎦䠓憨㵄㴆▁㞾嬢㜿ⷔ⢿虇⢷䫍㢒☛卹䋅䘿⨒ ᾼ㔨㏝㷑⳧䠓㟑㢮Ҹᾜ懝虇慓⁙㢹㢘峘㙩峘㞝慵ⓦ⁉☛㢏仑 ㎟ 䉉 ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ 䠓 㝞 儳 㢘 㞝 槾 䠓 䮽 㝞 ⎕ ⎴Ҹ17 ‚ ᾙ虇寀 ⪩Ӂ ⁴ 吁 ⎦ ⁉ ӂ䠓 㣠 唙 ⪶ 㬑 㞾 䛀 慵 ⓦ ⁉ 仓 ㎟虇 ↠ 䉉 恁 戎 ⋻ ⋒ ⏜ 1200 厂 1000 〃 朢 䉉 䬜 㛧 ⎸ 虈 ⾃ ② 㜾 ⣵ 䠓 ㎿ 䎼ҷ櫠 員ҷ䈌 䜺虇军 桱朚冐ⵅҸ⢷憨㵄⑤䡹㟑㢮懁⋴憨⢿Ⓩ䠓㜿⁉╲儳仓虇╾劌 ⋴ ― ↠ 䜅 ᾼҸ18 ⷀ ⢷ 憨 㵄 㟑 㢮虇䜅 ⋴ ⅄ 䠓 㼆 ᾙ 㶠 㝞 丘 䨝 ― ⥒╙封⢿Ⓩ䠓㔶⏅虇戲㜿䠓䫍㢒儳仓⡯嗦⌀▛䠓梏嬐军仓 ㎟虇↠⎕㙣⑭⑤虇冤䮽㛅␁虇⢷悒ⴘ棫䠓折扙⢿Ⓩら䱚 㜿䠓ⷔ⢿Ҹ⢷ᾏ↚⁴嬹ⷻ杫⅑䉉⦉䪝ҷῊツ。䳘Ὴ儸䠓㣠 唙䫍儳ᾼ㔨㏝㷑⳧虇ヱ㎟―ᾏ䮽ㄋ㳳▗⃫☛杫槶䠓㊞峧虇憨 ΅ ╜ 㞯 ⢷ ㄚ 㹤 ☛ 䫭 岇 ↠ 䠓 凥 亓 儸 ⑨ ᾙ 虃 ⶳ 嬚 䛂 ‛ ⓐ ⡪ 17 蚙 21 Ⅼ 崆 ⳳ ⋡ ⵰ ⯵ ☛ ⵓ ⷔ 冔 䠓 ㄚ ℚ 虄Ҹ 19 17
Kurt L. Noll, Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction (London: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001), 140-45.
18
Volkmar Fritz, “Israelites and Canaanites: You Can Tell Them Apart,” BAR 28, no. 4 (2002): 30-31.
19
Frank Crusemann, The Torah: Theology and Social History of Old Testament Law (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996), 225-34.
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慠䢚⩺⾺宧ʬ彾ㄦ宧
⢷⸀⢿䠋ⷤ弆ℕ䠓㜖⒥虇弆⎬㞾⁴ㄭ⏜䠓慵ⓦ㮰ゞ䉉⦉ 䪝虇⃕ 㢏 仑 ヱ ㎟ ― 䓷 䐈 䠓 ↚ ㆶҸ20 憨 ⋗ 比 冔 娺 慺 ⢷ 㢃 䉉 戙 佲 ⒥䠓䘿⨒ⷔ虇ㅔ榗㢃⦔テҷ㢃㯮㛞Ҹ伢冒╳ⴇⵅ无䠓⃜ 僽虇⪶⪩⃜㝋㝸⏜㸡㢘⁉ⷔ⃞懝䠓䓅⪶⸀⢿虇槾䫉悒ℂ⃜僽 ⾁娺棭⎸⩺⁉⃣㙩Ҹ㏏⁴虇䛀朆冔䣲虇テ屎⁴吀呵⑭⃫ҷ ⎕㙣帻₊䉉䖕㊂䠓㣠唙䚮㻊虇ⴒ㏏岪㷑䠓䚷Ὴ儸ㅔ䋅㎟䉉 嬞䵓Ҹ柳㳳Ὶ⪥虇⁴ⅰ₊ҷ㛻ҷ㌝ㇷ⬃ㄈ䳘儝ㅆ䉉㮨宧䠓 。䳘䫍㢒䖕㊂虇⣖㢘␄憯ᾏ儳厖⎴ᾜ▛䠓㶠㝞虇↠ⶖ嬐 ㎟䉉⁴吁⎦⁉Ҹ姷懣憨䮽㋚〵䠓⁴吁⎦⁉ⅰ㨬虇⢷䛂☌宧㹤 ⌇ 䠓 ㄚ 㹤 㨬 㜖 ᾼ ᾜ 㟑 嬚 ⎿虃 䛂 ‣ 15虇ⓐ ‣ 15虇ⓐ ⋼ 12虇‛ ⓐ ⡪ 18ҷ 22虄處 ᢢ ᩚ ᙞ ᓇ ᑋ ᤛ ᓆ Ꮝ ╋ Ҹ ㏏⁴虇⢷憨㣠唙虃ᾒⓐ‣厂ᾏ䠍↚ⷔ㶠虄䚮㻊虇㢘 広╾ℎ䚷䠓⪸䋅幖䀟虇ℚ⬑冤⢿ҷ哘⧃ҷ㷃䀟Ҹ⪶卹䋅䠓 捞㢒㸉㵞↚Ⳳ䵏㞾▵㢘彂⪯桷㷃虇⁉↠杫ㅒ䠓㞾Ⅼ崆卹 ⾀ ҷ 唙 䯋 ☛ 䐁 䛫 ⋜ ╦ 䉗 樷 ☛ 壦 妁 Ὶ 䈌 ㏏ ⵂ 虃 嬚 䛂 ‛ ⓐ ⋺ 38蚙 39虄Ҹ⢷ 䚿 朢 ⑭ ⑤ 㬄 䉉 吀 愪虇䠍 ⭢ 䔊 䫼 㞾 ■ 凅 ☛ 啾 ㊮ ㇸ虇军 ᾣ 䢚 ℕ ΅ 㞾 ■ 慵 ⓦ 䫭 䫖 ㊮ ㇸ虃 ⋼ 25蚙 30虄虇⁴ 㢮 個 倛 ㄦ ⎿ 䬞 䫘 虇 㒐倛巟㛅Ҹ↠䠓㣠唙ᾜ㞾㒘⢿⢥㧋佩虇军㞾㧈㙩㵞↚㣠㶠 䠓ⵅ〼ℕ␒⎕Ҹⵅ〼⽴㫼㞾㵞㏅⁉ⵅ抌嬐㐎䜅䠓帻₊虇⃕ ΅寀㢘ⵅ〼㢘劌朏ㄭ‚媌栅ҷ媌棸㎥㥢吁虇↠䠓〦 摹厖ⵅⷔ㵣抿Ҹ憨Ӂⵅӂ㕟K䶰✽媌♐虇▛㟑΅冤⃫卹 ⾀䠓慁⢿㎥嗰喓⢡Ҹ 㣠唙ㄚ㹤䠓⦆姛☛㣠㶠Ὶ桕㢒虇╾⢷ᾼ⪽⃜僽䠓㏢䯏⧃ 懁 姛 虃 ⋼ 37虖 彾 ᾘ 3蚙 6虄Ҹ ⢷ 憨 婰 虇 䯏 䏸 ㄦ ⎿ 埤 䖕 ☛ ⎕ 䠋 虇 䎼⦆ㄦ⁴孲㸉虇䰽⁉䠓梏嬐΅ㄦ⎿䋶槶Ҹ䋶㳳㝈ゞ虇㣠㶠䋶 㜨⎿㢻㣠䠓梏嬐虇乶橮㛅㎟΅⎖▗㜃↚䫍儳䠓䚮⳧㏏梏☛⎸ 20
Victor H. Matthews, A Brief History of Ancient Israel (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002), 30-32.
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䡙Ҹ憨䮽⌀›汣⏅⁴嬞㮰懚⃫䉉ℂҸㄛℕⴒ娺䔚㲙㔰亜☛ ⎸ 䚷虃 㘡 ᾙ ⋺ 14蚙 15虄虇㢏 仑 䫍 儳 䠓 幖 䀟 憞 懝 幵 䮔 䠓 ヱ ゞ 军 㼗 冦 㔘虇。 䳘 Ὴ 儸 䠓 孏 ㊮ ΅ 娺 ⏙ ダҸ䔚 㲙 ら 䱚 ㄛ虇ᾏ 䮽 仟 㭚 ⒥ ҷ ⪩ⷳ㲰䠓䫍㢒汣⏅ⶖ㢒㢎悒䶰✽䠓㣠唙㜖⒥Ҹ ⡯㳳虇⢷ⷔ㟑㢮䠓⸀⢿ⷔ㶠虇↠䠓䏸幹㜖⒥╾ヱⵈ 䉉⁴䘿⨒䉉䊵灭Ҹ嬐䚮⳧虇ⷀ梏嬐㢘㐎㙣樷根䠓䳥䛴☛㾆▗ ゞ 䠓 伢 䅮虇军 ᾜ 㞾 桕 ᾼ 㝋 ✽ ᾏ ⃫ 䏸 ㎥ 幖 䀟Ҹ21 乶 橮 ⎉ 䚱 ㄏ ㄏ ≔ ⪯似㒐㢻㣠⁉╲䠓䚮⳧虇΅╾劌㢘ㄽ⏸檧虇劌⪯⃫幎㞢Ὶ 䚷虇㎥䉉㍘䊰╾戎⋜䠓員〃军⃫⋁∨Ҹ⁉╲⨭朆╾㕟K悒 ⪶ 䠓 ⑭ ⑤ 虇⃕ ΅ 㢒 ͑͑ 厂 ⶠ 䥼 㠺 ⢿ ͑͑ 冦 䚷 乶 橮 K ㍘Ҹ㕪 ╴ 尀尹虇䚮☌㞾ᾏ⧃幼ⓩ虇⁴吁⎦⁉Ὴⴿ↠㏏埤䠓㜿䘿⨒虇 军 ᾣ 㢏 仑 㐙 ⢿ 䛛 㚃 ⷤ ⎿ ⸀ ⢿ Ὶ ⪥ 㟑 虇 嬐 ⇩ ⋸ ₅ ‚ 處虃 1虄 ⨭ ⁉ ╲ 虖虃 2虄 ↮ 䚷 。 ┮ 慵 ⓦ ⥝ ⾎ 䠓 䏸 幹 㜖 ⒥ 䠓 寀 ⪩ ╾ 䚷 Ὶ 埤 Ҹ ᾜ懝虇㳲㞾䲻‛榔梏嬐憯㎟―Ὴ嬐─根Ҹ 䜅ᾏ䮽㜖⒥↮䚷╵ᾏ䮽㜖⒥虃憨↚懝䮚╺⇩Ӂ夜▗ӂ Ӊ syncretismӊ虄虇 ⁉ 㢒 ╦ 尧 ㉠ 嬐 崙 ㄦ Ӂ ≞ ӂ ╵ ᾏ 䮽 㜖 ⒥ 戲 㮲 虇 ᾣ崢㢻怺㜖⒥䠓䓷䐈ㆶ娺㾈㸡㎥⫀嗌Ҹ凥伢⃫冔ᾜ㝆╜ 夜▗虇䐈⎴㞾捬㛻㑫⪥㝞䠓䫭㞝Ҹ╾㞾虇⩺⾺宧䠓㛔‚㾔 㫩槾䫉虇寀⪩⁴吁⎦⁉㝱ᾜㅯ尯㛻㑫凅☛啾虇΅ᾜㇹⴗ⢷嬎 ῒ榡⾒䠓凥亓Ҹ憨⁉≞㬄―抿慠䠓㶠㝞虇⽴⃫☛㛻㑫㝈ゞ 抌☛↠㸡㢘⋸㮲虇₊㊞ㄭ䜅⢿↮╥卹⾀㏏梏嬐䠓ᾏ⎖Ҹ⃕ ╵ᾏ㝈棱虇䉉䚮⳧军㔨㏝虇΅尧䠋↠㷑䫭䠓⿺虇坘 嗦凥亓䛛↠厖凅☛啾⁴╙↠ㄋ㳳䠓杫⅑Ҹ桥䋅⩺⾺⪶ 汣ᾙ抌ᾜ㞾⬌䠓㬫㮲虇⃕↠䩉㞾⫘凅☛啾Ὶ▜姛‚虇军ᾣ 娺䫭䠓棗⋔䂎Ҹ⡯㳳虇↠䠓㛔‚婫⋔―╳⁴吁⎦䠓㜖⒥㧈 ⦉虇╗㎟䉉䔚⢚ら䱚☛⁉㶠⢧仟憨↚䠋ⷤ懝䮚䠓ᾏ↚㳴毮Ҹ 21
David C. Hopkins, The Highlands of Canaan (Sheffield: Almond Press, 1985), 267-69.
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