1
HAKA RECYCLE OFFICE BY DOEPEL STRIJKERS
AN APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE INTERIORS
IN COLLABORATION WITH
COR LUIJTEN, ROTTERDAM PUBLIC WORKS OTTO FRIEBEL, VAN GANSEWINKEL GROUP
01. INTRODUCTION
“The protection of biodiversity and ecosystems must be a priority in our quest to build a stronger, fairer and cleaner world economy. Rather than an excuse to delay further action, the recent financial and economic crisis should serve as a reminder of the urgency of developing greener economies.” – Angel Gurria, Secretary General, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010.
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1.5 WORLDS IN 2007
In 2007 we collectively consumed 1.5 times the resources that the world could provide at that moment.
2.8 WORLDS IN 2030
If we continue at this pace it is predicted that in 2030 we will need 2.8 worlds to satisfy our resource demands.
sources: Living Planet Report, 2010 / Based on the Footprint Scenario Calculator developed by the Global Footprint Network (GFN), 2010.
2040 As the effects of climate change become more and more evident
GLOBAL CONTEXT
As the effects of climate change become more and more evident
no longer be sourced from within national boundaries, they are
in the built environment, mitigation and adaptation strategies
increasingly being sought from other parts of the world. The effects
gain precedence over another global challenge that will radically
are clearly visible in the Living Planet Indices for the tropical world
shape our urban future – the challenge of resource depletion.
and for the world’s poorer countries – both which have fallen by
According to the WWF in their Living Planet Report of 2010, there
60% since 1970. For all of us, these figures raise fundamental
is a doubling of our demands on the natural world since the 60’s.
questions of how we can adapt our ways of living and definitions
Rapid economic growth has fuelled an ever-increasing demand
of development to include the imperatives of nurturing the world’s
for resources – for food and drink, energy, transport, electronic
natural resources, living within their regenerative capacity and
products, living space, and space to dispose of wastes, particularly
appreciating the true value of the goods and services they provide1.
carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. As these resources can 1 WWF, Living Planet Report 2010.
7
liveability
01. INTRODUCTION
THE THREE E’S
Indicators for sustainable development
EQUITY
ECOLOGY
ECONOMY
ECOLOGY
source: based on the diagram by McDonough, W. & Braungart, 2002.
EQUITY, ECOLOGY AND ECONOMY
The triple bottom line (abbreviated as TBL) and also known as “people, planet, profit” or “the three pillars” captures an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational (and societal) success: economic, ecological and social. In 2002, Braungart and McDonough released the publication Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things 4. Put simply, it is a holistic economic, industrial and social framework that seeks to create systems that are not just efficient but essentially waste free. Cradle-to-Cradle is based on the triangle of Equity Ecology, and Economy. Because the HAKA case study is primarily dealing with the notion of a ‘wasteless’ building, it is appropriate to adopt this classification to evaluate the project. A project can only claim to be sustainable when the three components are present and in balance with each other. 4 McDonough, W. & Braungart, M.; Cradle to Cradle – Remaking the Way We
14
Make Things; NorthPoint Press, 2002.
“It all starts with the design and development phase of (new) products. There the difference is made, by choosing the right natural resources and materials. It is crucial that the logistics are well organised to facilitate the recovery of valuable materials from products in the end-of-life phase. These materials are then the source for new products. The circle is closed and waste is eliminated.� – Otto Friebel, van Gansewinkel Group, 2011.
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HAKA on the Vierhaven Street
roof with installations
balcony
16
roof with skylights
17
02. HAKA CASESTUDY
HAKA BUILDING
Almost simultaneously with the Unilever building, the architect H.F. Mertens realized a new headquarters for the Cooperative Wholesale Chamber of Commerce (HAKA). The company building contained offices, storage, factory space and workshops. The strategic location on the Vierhaven Street, with the backside facing the Lek harbour, facilitated the logistics of transporting products by water and loading them directly into the silos at the top of the building. main staircase, east side
The offices were located on either side of an aisle in the east part of the building. The northwest part of the building contained and factory, combined with storage, packing and an expedition area on the ground floor. Factory, workshop and storage were connected by a complex system of conveyors, elevators, chutes and slides. The raw produce literally worked its way down the building from the silos in the top, to the factory and packaging levels, to finally be stored and expedited on the ground floor. This happened on the Vierhaven Street side, where large double doors could be opened and the packaged products loaded onto trains and in later years onto trucks. The massive concrete structure and unusual bay width of zeven meters is based on the length of the trains that were used in that time. toilet
central staircase
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massive poured concrete structure
glass room on top of the roof
On November 26th, 1932 the building was officially opened. In the sixties, the cooperative dissolved. The building was renovated in the late eighties and stood vacant for almost twenty years from the nineties until Vestia bought it in 2009. Within the framework of the Clean Tech Delta and ambitions of the Stadshavens, it was designated as a hub for clean-tech activity. The complex was coined an ‘Urban Living Lab’ with the ambition of attracting innovative companies, institutions and authorities in the field of energy and water. By pooling their knowledge and research, this hub, in combination with other initiatives in the Stadshavens, will act as a catalyst for the transition of the area. Urban Breeze was given the task of generating a concept for the sustainable exploitation of the building, starting with the ground floor in 2010.
typical factory floor
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CO2
+ WASTE
EQUITY
CO2
+ WASTE
EQUITY
02. HAKA CASESTUDY ECONOMY
ECOLOGY
liveability urban processes
liveability
OLOGY
ECONOMY AMBITIONS
CO2
• REALIZE A MIXED-USE INTERIOR, FLEXIBLE ENOUGH + WASTE
TO CHANGE IN FUNCTION IN THE FUTURE.
me more and more evident
EQUITY ECONOMY
ECOLOGY
liveability
EQUITY
ECONOMY
• CLUSTER COLLECTIVE FUNCTIONS TO FACILITATE INFORMAL INCOUNTERS. • INVOLVE END USERS IN A CO-CREATIVE PROCESS. EQUITY ECOLOGY
• DESIGN FOR BUILD BY UNSKILLED LABOUR – THE SOCIA COMPONENT. ECONOMY
ECOLOGY
• REDUCE THE CO2 FOOTPRINT THROUGH REUSE OF LOCAL WASTE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. ECOLOGY
• LIMIT THE NUMBER OF KILOMETRES TRAVELLED BY HARVESTING MATERIALS CLOSE TO SITE. ECONOMY
ECOLOGY
• CREATE AN ALTERNATIVE FINANCIAL AND DEVELOPMENT MODEL TO GENERATE ADDED VALUE. • ENSURE THAT THE PROJECT IS COST NEUTRAL (COMPARED TO AN INTERIOR BUILT WITH NEW MATERIALS).
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METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS
In a number of workshops with the client Vestia and the
HAKA building. In some cases this process was linear, but in a
exploitation company Urban Breeze, a program of uses was
number of instances, due to external circumstances, the desired
defined. The functions in the east wing (former office) would
materials were not extracted in time or not at all. In Katendrecht
become an auditorium flexible enough to function as workshop
for example, the doors that were reserved could not be delivered
and meeting spaces, together with a temporary exhibition space
because the building was squatted days before the demolition was
to showcase innovations. The west wing (former factory and
planned to begin. On finding an alternative material the design of
expedition) was to become a flexible office landscape with meeting
the object had to be totally redone. It soon became apparent that
room and pantry. In the future as the floors higher in the building
the objects should only be designed once the materials had been
are completed, the office functions will move up and the ground
harvested and brought to site.
floor will become a fully-fledged biological restaurant. In the entrance, in-between the two wings, an eye-catching reception
The interior was built with a team of ex-convicts under
should be realized.
professional guidance. This implementation process with cheap unskilled labour has implications for the design. The design of the
Based on this, a concept plan for the ground floor could be made,
elements was kept simple, with repetitive details not requiring
without knowing what the materialisation of the individual objects
complex technical operations. It also provided the opportunity
would be. In collaboration with the Rotterdam Public Works and
to design with the awareness of a labour-intensive realization.
the van Gansewinkel Group, demolition sites in and around
A new affordable craftsmanship with rich detail was thus made
Rotterdam were selected and visited. In contrast to a traditional
possible. This process resulted in richly designed elements that
project, the material choice is ‘supply’ driven as opposed to
demonstrate qualities that are normally too expensive to realize
‘demand’ driven. An inventory of the available materials per
in a conventional design process.
demolition object was made. With this information the initial objects could be further designed and principle details determined.
Each step in the process was carefully monitored to supply data to evaluate the effectiveness of the project on completion.
On the demolition side, a deal could be made between Urban
The data collection was categorised into three groups: CO2
Breeze and the contractor (facilitated by the Public Works and van
emissions, man-hours and material and labour costs.
Gansewinkel) to remove the elements and transport them to the
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SOURCE
POSTWAR HOUSING
GREENHOUSES
DEMOLITION
de Velden
‘Reytec’
MATERIALS DIY ‘Komu’
FACTORY
SCHOOL
RESIDUAL
brick kiln factory
primary school
clothing ‘Memotex’
‘de Kei’
PREWAR HOUSING Katendrecht
MATERIALS
BOARD DOORS
ROOF SLATS
CONSTRUCTION BEAMS
BEAMS
PANELS
SOLID DOORS
UNDERLAYMENT
ALUMINIUM PROFILES
TRESPA PANELS
FLOAT GLASS
CLOTHING
02. HAKA CASESTUDY
INTERIOR DESIGN
The building was originally conceived as a machine, a physical translation of the production processes for which it was designed. A central street separated the offices to the east from the factory spaces to the west. The logic of the original design forms the point of departure for the redevelopment of the building. The first phase is limited to the ground floor, with features that make the initial exploitation possible.
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PLAN GROUND FLOOR EAST SIDE
06 05
04 07
03
02
01
WEST SIDE
07
08
08
10
09
LEGEND
25 m
01 podium 02 auditorium seating 03 auditorium wall 04 show blocks 05 exhibition seating 06 projection wall 07 reception desk 08 platform 09 pantry / bar / kitchen 10 meeting room
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5m
0m
02. HAKA CASESTUDY
The central street is once again activated as the main entrance by opening it up with large glass windows. Because the building stood vacant for nearly twenty years, it is important to make a strong gesture towards the street so that passers-by are engaged by the building and intrigued that ‘something is happening’. A mix of orange and white TL-lamps are hung vertically generating repetition of lines visible from the road. The entrance area is predominantly filled with orange lamps, clearly designating the point of entry. A single orange line of lamps follows the path from the entrance to the outer ends of both wings of the building.
main entrance with vertical TL-lamps
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reception desk, front
side
The reception desk in the entrance hall is composed out of two complementary volumes. The base is made out of roof slats in a modular form, with open elements at the front to more closed elements at the back. As the needs of the user change more of the open structure can be filled in to form additional shelf space for books, marketing material or merchandising in a later phase. Hovering above the base, in an almost surreal manner is a glass ‘hood’ constructed from a second hand greenhouse from the village Monster in the Westland. The tensile strength of aluminium and glass are exploited tocreate this weightless structure. The new HAKA logo is given a prominent position on the front of this element.
back
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02. HAKA CASESTUDY
The public area in the original factory part offers space to work, as well as meeting and hospitality functions. A raised platform functions as a temporary office space for current tenants and will be used as a restaurant in the next phase of the development. The initial plan was to make the platform from second hand doors but because these could not be extracted in time, due to squatters in the building. An alternative was found in the form of large wooden panels from an old kiln factory in Hengelo. At a distance of 187.4 km, these elements were by far the furthest of all materials used in the project. The platforms comprise of a number of large stair-like elements with storage space to the sides which doubles as a railing. Different offices rent space on the platforms, the different levels demarcate where one office begins and the other ends. The wireless internet connection makes flexible working possible on the tables scattered around the platforms
stair-like elements
and on the old concrete floor.
platform and storage space
The centrally located catering point functions as a pantry for the companies on the platforms and as a kitchen and bar during events. Like the ‘hood’ of the reception desk, this is made from a second hand greenhouse. Besides the appliances, the stainless steel kitchen units and tables are all second hand. This pantry will be extended into a professional kitchen for a restaurant operator in the next phase of development.
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pantry from second hand greenhouse elements
35
acoustic wall, show blocks and exhibition seating
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39
podium, benches and acoustic wall
The auditorium itself is composed out of two timber elements,
functions for a debate The benches are made out of timber struts
a stage and rows of benches. The stage has a rough timber
in a simple generic form. The simple repetition of the basic
frame and is clad in wooden roof slats. Two fold-up podiums are
elements was easy for the unskilled labour to make and results
concealed in the stage making flexible use possible. If both are
in an intriguing image. All of the wood for these elements came
concealed the stage can be used for a performance, with one
from the Komu in Vlaardingen.
folded up it is perfect for a lecture, and with two folded up it
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auditorium benches and podium
auditorium
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03. EVALUATION
RESULTS
01. The pilot test shows that all HAKA-made furniture has a CO2 benefit. The CO2 factor (CO2 HAKA divided by CO2 NEW) is below 1 for all of the elements. This is especially true for those where products were directly reused (for example the doors of the meeting room or greenhouse frames in the show blocks), and where the materials were directly brought from the demolition site to the HAKA building.
02. The CO2 results are based on assumptions. Comparisons have been made based on the same functionality and same materials. Especially when using other materials, a different CO2 outcome can be expected, like in the clothing in the acoustic wall. The amount of CO2 required would be significantly less should wood be used instead of clothing (NEW).
03. The striking dis-balance in the man-hours to make certain HAKA furniture (auditorium benches and acoustic wall) should be viewed in relation to the sustainability factor: the Social Component. Additionally, some elements are made very efficiently, such as the show blocks, exhibition benches and the reception desk.
04. The architectural beauty of the elements, longer life cycle of materials and use of the social component clearly add value to the HAKA interior.
48
“The use of demolition materials for new interior elements is attractive in terms of the CO2 reduction and the social component, big wins are booked through direct product reuse and the short transport distances.” – Cor Luijten, Rotterdam Public Works, 2011.
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PODIUM
AUDITORIUM SEATING
SHOW BLOCKS
EXHIBITION SEATING
PLATFORM
PANTRY / BAR / KITCHEN
AUDITORIUM WALL
RECEPTION DESK
MEETING ROOM
OVERVIEW OF HAKA ELEMENTS
Based on the available material flows from both demolition sites and production processes, nine elements were realised in the first phase of the HAKA development. Although each element has it’s own distinctive look and feel, the collection works as a homogenous whole. This can be attributed to the clear predetermined design criteria. Because the design of each element follows the same logic regarding to material use and handling, the overall effect is harmonious.
PODIUM
AUDITORIUM SEATING
MATERIAL PER OBJECT
POSTWAR HOUSING de Velden
GREENHOUSES ‘Reytec’
DEMOLITION MATERIALS DIY ‘Komu’
FACTORY brick kiln factory
SCHOOL primary school ‘de Kei’
RESIDUAL clothing ‘Memotex’
PREWAR HOUSING Katendrecht
TOTAL MATERIALS
AUDITORIUM WALL
SHOW BLOCKS
EXHIBITION SEATING
RECEPTION DESK
PLATFORM
PANTRY / BAR /
MEETING ROOM
LEGEND
KITCHEN
WOOD
board doors
roof slats
construction beams
beams (4 X 4)
panels
solid doors
underlayment
METAL
aluminium profiles
PLASTIC
Trespa panels
GLASS
TEXTILE
clothing
FASTENERS
03. EVALUATION
DIAGRAM AUDITORIUM SEATING 4.0
CO2
MAN-HOURS
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
LABOUR COSTS
MATERIAL COSTS
4.0
4.0
12.00 4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0 0.93
1.0
0.14
ECONOMY
ECOLOGY
EQUITY
DESIGN AUDITORIUM SEATING
AUDITORIUM SEATING
The benches are made out of timber 4 x 4 struts in a generic form. A series of these elements forms a bench. The benches in turn can be linked in rows for the auditorium configuration. By sorting the wood in colour batches, a gradient is achieved from front to back of the auditorium. The simple repetition of the basic elements was supposed to be easy for the unskilled labour to construct. However, the form proved to be difficult for them. The time spent by the reintegration team was twelve times more than would be spent by an equally large team of professional carpenters making it the least efficient element in the series.
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DIAGRAM AUDITORIUM WALL 4.0
CO2
MAN-HOURS
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
LABOUR COSTS
MATERIAL COSTS
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.08 2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.10
ECONOMY
0.05
ECOLOGY
DESIGN AUDITORIUM WALL
EQUITY
AUDITORIUM WALL
Constructed from eight tons of clothing the flexible acoustic partition wall ensures that the space can be adapted to changing needs. A wooden frame with 60 cm deep shelves supports the clothes. Wheels under each element make it possible to reconfigure the space. The calculation of a new wall is based on the same materials with the same functionality. This means, making a wall using new clothing as opposed to second hand. In reality however, one would never propose to do this, but for the purposes of the evaluation it gives a clear indication of the immense CO2 reduction.
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03. EVALUATION
LESSONS LEARNT
ALIGNING SUPPLY AND DEMAND
deliver the glass without the frame than to deliver it including
The biggest obstacle in the process was aligning ‘supply’ and
frame. One solution could have been to make a design using the
‘demand’. The materials from demolition objects did not always
product (glass and frame) 1:1. This idea was however discarded
arrive to site on time, resulting in last minute changes in plans.
as the pvc frame does not comply with the criteria of keeping
In certain instances this involved buying second-hand materials
pure (non-toxic) materials in the material life cycle.
from the Komu in Vlaardingen and changing the design of the
elements based on the substitute materials.
LOGISTICAL OPTIMALISATION
A traditional design to build process is characterised by linear Additionally, the materials that could be harvested from the
phases in which the program of uses is followed by a design phase,
demolition object were not always appropriate for simple
from sketch design to working drawings. This is directly followed
construction into a new element. For example, a design was made
by the tender process and selection of a builder. The HAKA process
for a meeting room based on double glazed elements (Thermopane).
is different to this because obtaining materials from demolition
The ambition to make the walls using as little material in as pure
sites implies a ‘supply’ driven process as opposed to a ‘demand’
form as possible resulted in a beautiful architectural solution that
driven one. This results in a design process in which the linear
was too complex for the unskilled labour to make. An additional
phasing is replaced by an overlapping one. Supply and demand
obstacle was that it is more expensive for the demolitionists to
are inter-connected and influence each other.
implementation contractor
purchase material
Conventional process tender
design process
COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND RECYCLE OFFICE DESIGN TO REALISATION PROCESS
program of uses
time
implementation contractor social component
demolition design mock up
specification phase
supply inventory
HAKA casestudy process program of uses
incoming demolition material
time
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MATERIAL BROKERS
DEVELOP AN ECONOMIC MODEL
From a design and process point of view, scouting for materials
If the ambition is to keep materials in the life cycle for longer, then
on demolition sites is ineffective. Buying second-hand products
it is conceivable that a new economic model can be developed
and materials from a material broker such as Komu in Vlaardingen
to achieve this for interior projects. Interiors have a relatively
is an ideal solution. However, the origin and history of materials
short life span, ranging from a couple of years to maximally ten.
from the Komu are not traceable. Should one want to evaluate
In order to ensure that the materials in a project find their way
projects using sustainability standards, a comprehensive database
back into the material chain, materials could be brought back to
with this information would have to be developed. This has major
suppliers after use, just as we do with printer cartridges. Such a
implications for all actors in the chain and will only happen if
‘rental’ or ‘deposit’ model would make this possible. The next step
policy in this regard were to be developed by national authorities.
in this evolution could be manufacturer as opposed to industry related demolition.
THE SOCIAL COMPONENT
The realization of projects with people who have a distance to the
labour market has its consequences. Their lack of knowledge and
By taking disassembly into consideration, interior elements
carpentry skills impacts directly on their effectiveness. The design
and products can be designed so that they can easily be
of the elements must be devised so that unskilled labour can build
directly reused or dismantled into pure materials for a second
them without the presence of a professional. Simple, easy to
(or third) life. In so doing, one could potentially recapture
reproduce elements with a high level of repetition and minimum of
all materials, closing cycles so that waste does not exist.
technical handlings is the best option. The making of the objects has an educative element. In a didactic manner knowledge of how to work with wood or other materials is transferred. Working with a social component can be professionalized. Low wages make it attractive to work with them, however, an organized form in which costs, planning and skills match the demand is lacking. By organizing the implementation process in complementary teams where both technical and social learning is central, some of the disadvantages this unskilled labour has compared to professionals can be overcome. This requires re-training courses for administrators and supervisors with a focus on social and technical skills. Through evaluation and feedback between market and work providers with a social component, and training and reinforcement in the tendering process of sustainable demolition objects, one can accelerate the ‘trial and error’ stage resulting in a professional socially sustainable alternative for future construction projects.
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
PODIUM
AUDITORIUM
AUDITORIUM WALL
SHOW BLOCKS
EXHIBITION SEATING
SEATING
FACTOR MATRIX
CO2
225
1.145
10.000
30
50
330
1.226
200.000
3.300
2.130
FACTOR
0,7
0,9
0,05
0,01
0,02
304
2.880
1.496
8
56
80
240
720
24
24
3,8
12
2,08
0,33
2,33
3.000
7.200
6.700
560
400
11.080
33.240
99.720
3.324
3.324
0,27
0,22
0,07
0,17
0,12
300
4.000
18.000
2.200
3.400
15.587
46.760
140.280
4.676
4.676
0,02
0,09
0,13
0,47
0,73
CO2
FACTOR MAN-HOURS
FACTOR LABOUR COSTS
FACTOR MATERIAL COSTS
RECEPTION DESK
PLATFORM
KITCHEN BAR /
MEETING ROOM
LEGEND
PANTRY
HAKA NEW
87
1.040
85
66
560
3.053
2.300
737
0,16
0,34
0,04
0,09
40
464
160
128
72
160
240
40
0,56
2,90
0,67
3,2
1.120
11.250
3.500
2.750
9.972
22.160
33.240
5.540
0,11
0,51
0,11
0,50
1.050
8.800
3.450
450
14.028
31.173
46.760
7.793
0,07
0,28
0,07
0,06
03. EVALUATION
TOOLBOX For the office market where vacancy rates have reached record levels (seven million square meters in 2011), it’s time to look for alternative strategies. Demographic developments (reduction in working population), changing work processes (working at home) and technological advancements are also reducing the demand for office space. Finding new (temporary) solutions for the existing vacant building stock is essential. Based on the lessons learnt during the HAKA pilot and using the matrix of materials, a toolbox of generic elements for an office with public areas was developed. The toolbox offers a selection of sustainable elements that can be used to generate an ‘affordable’ office interior. This is not only applicable as an interim solution for vacant buildings, but also for shrinking businesses that are reorganising their workspace to accommodate home and flexible working. This calls for a reduction in quantity and the creation of new quality. These elements were designed with flexibility in mind. Functional working environments can be created with open, informal and closed spaces. The potential range of interiors is unlimited, from traditional offices interiors to environments where the emphasis lies on communication and interaction with colleagues. By choosing for this model of (re)development, a company can demonstrate it’s commitment to social and ecological sustainability. It links vacancy and unemployment to CO2 reductions and as proved in the HAKA case study, can result in an attractive working environment. As long as buildings continue to be demolished, this method could offer a transition model towards a more sustainable environment.
CLOSED SPACE – UNDERLAYMENT
RECEPTION DESK – SLATS
OPEN SPACE – ADJUSTABLE
WORKING STATION – BEAMS
PODIUM – BEAMS
STORAGE SPACE – GREENHOUSE ELEMENTS
INFORMAL SEATING – DOORS
INFORMAL SEATING – BEAMS
WORK STATION – CONCENTRATION – SLATS
HALF OPEN SPACE – GREENHOUSE ELEMENTS
03. EVALUATION
TOOLBOX BEAMS
CLOSED SPACE
OPEN SPACE
STORAGE
PODIUM
open, large
flat
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OPEN SPACE
RECEPTION DESK
adjustable
closed
WORK STATION
INFORMAL SEATING
two persons, concentration
two persons, double sided and partition
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03. EVALUATION
TOOLBOX SLATS
CLOSED SPACE
OPEN SPACE
STORAGE
PODIUM
large
lecture
76
OPEN SPACE
RECEPTION DESK
adjustable
WORK STATION
INFORMAL SEATING
one person
two persons
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03. EVALUATION
TOOLBOX DOORS
CLOSED SPACE
OPEN SPACE
horizontal
STORAGE
PANTRY / BAR / KITCHEN
large
78
OPEN SPACE
RECEPTION DESK
adjustable
small
WORK STATION
INFORMAL SEATING
two persons
small
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04. CONCLUSIONS
OVERALL CONCLUSIONS
The use of demolition materials for new furniture in the HAKA building is in terms of CO2 and the social component has proven to be appealing. Here the direct product reuse and short transport distances are the big wins. By keeping the materials in the life cycle the use of primary resources is reduced. It should be taken into account that for this pilot project, there is an imbalance between man-hours, costs and CO2 for some elements. For a complete comparison a more detailed calculation should be made as part of the Life Cycle Analysis / Life Cycle Cost.
This pilot however, unequivocally demonstrates that closing material cycles in this manner is a sustainable strategy. The HAKA case study has provided valuable insights into the potentials of coupling spatial development to a strong social component. By closing the material cycles and by re-thinking the organisational model, the economic flow is redirected for the benefit of the direct environment. This alternative model for development results in more than just a beautiful interior, it creates social, economic and ecological value.
The challenge now is to optimize the method and upscale it to the district scale. By testing the toolbox in other locations the strategy can be refined. In order to achieve this, the concept must be embraced by the market. Companies must be stimulated to adopt the strategy as part of their sustainability agenda, only in this manner will this promising approach evolve into a strategy that can be implemented on a large scale for other construction and renovation projects.
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auditorium wall
83
AUDITORIUM WALL
SHOW BLOCKS
• 800 kg wood from Wesgram to the HAKA
• 700 kg aluminium from Reytec to the HAKA
• From Wesgram (demolition site) to HAKA
(second hand greenhouse)
(one time transport, no storage or transfer)
• 270 kg glass
• 8.000 kg clothing; total 550 km (the wall has a special function,
• From Reytec to HAKA
making it from another material like soft wood
(one time transport, no storage or transfer)
(instead of new clothing) would result in 1.000 kg CO2)
CO2 HAKA
UNIT
KILOGRAM CO2
demolition transport demolition site to Komu
to occur in the future
6 km
10 kg
electric saw 3.000 watt
20 hours*1,8
36 kg
electric screwdriver
30 hours*0,3
9 kg
550 km
550 kg
1 time, 8 ton
40 kg
PM
0.000 kg
transport clothing storage and transfer washing second hand clothing
Total CO2
(rounded off)
10.000 kg
CO2 NEW
UNIT
KILOGRAM CO2
CO2 HAKA
UNIT
KILOGRAM CO2
demolition transport Reytec to HAKA
30 km
30 kg
30 kg
Total CO2 CO2 NEW
to occur in the future
UNIT
KILOGRAM CO2
saving soft wood
1 ton
127 kg
saving aluminium
1 ton
2.600 kg
making new element
75%
35 kg
saving float glass
0,5 ton
275 kg
8*26.000
208.000 kg
PM
360 kg
550 km
550 kg
60 km
60 kg
1 time, 8 ton
40 kg
1 time, 1 ton
5 kg
saving clothes transport storage and transfer
Total CO2
(rounded off)
20.000 kg
making new element transport storage and transfer
Total CO2
3.300 kg
EXHIBITION SEATING
RECEPTION DESK
• 100 doors from demolition site de Velden to HAKA
• 100 kg aluminium from Reytec to the HAKA
(one time transport, no storage or transfer)
(second hand greenhouse) • 200 kg glass from Reytec to HAKA (one time transport, no storage or transfer) • 200 kg roof slats from Komu to HAKA
CO2 HAKA
UNIT
KILOGRAM CO2
demolition transport de Velden to HAKA
to occur in the future
CO2 HAKA
UNIT
KILOGRAM CO2
demolition
to occur in the future
10 km
20 kg
transport Reytec to HAKA
30 km
30 kg
electric saw 3.000 watt
16 hours*1,8
25 kg
transport demolition site to Komu
30 km
30 kg
electric screwdriver
16 hours*0,3
5 kg
1 time, 1 ton
5 kg
10 km
10 kg
tacker 1.500 watt
8 hours*0,9
8 kg
electric saw 1.000 watt
8 hours*0,6
5 kg
drill 800 watt
4 hours*0,5
2 kg
storage and transfer transport Komu to HAKA
Total CO2
50 kg
CO2 NEW saving doors
UNIT
KILOGRAM CO2
87 kg
Total CO2 CO2 NEW
UNIT
KILOGRAM CO2
100 doors
2.000 kg
saving aluminium
0,1 ton
260 kg
(including production)
saving float glass
0,2 ton
110 kg
60 km*2
120 kg
saving soft wood
0,2 ton
25 kg
2 times, 1 ton
10 kg
PM
100 kg
60 km
60 kg
1 time, 1 ton
5 kg
transport storage and transfer
making new element transport storage and transfer
Total CO2
2.130 kg
Total CO2
560 kg