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Figure 2 summarizes key values for each category and how they must ultimately coordinate to realize those benefits. The first area to focus on is end-user economics, as the primary decision maker and investor. Customer side charging optimization focuses on the management of energy resources inside the building energy system. It is essentially based on retail tariff data and management of local loads and resources. But these optimization levers also generate some implicit/benefits to system operators. Then, the system operator can also leverage EVs for grid side optimization. It focuses on the response of the EV to a real-time signal from the grid or electricity market (explicit flexibility). The primary beneficiaries of this optimization are the grid and system operators, even though the end-user is ultimately compensated for the service. Charging cost reduction
Customer side
EV Charging optimization Imp lici t Va lue tr
Grid-side
Avoided building electrical system costs CO2 emissions reduction from mobility
ans fer
Rem
Additional revenues
ation uner
Avoided Infrastructure costs
Grid optimization thanks to EVs
Avoided Operational costs
Figure 2: Sources of customer and grid benefits from smart charging under study4 Page 2
The core focus of this report is to clarify benefits of smart charging at end user level, thru a detailed modelling exercise to quantify those in different contexts (chapter 2). Grid optimization is also reviewed, leveraging current literature on the topic, and feedbacks from existing projects in operations (chapter 3).
4. Modelling of EV smart charging benefits at end-user level The key instrument we use to quantify these benefits is the Total Cost of Charging (TCC). It is derived from the cost of electricity used for charging, as well as upfront costs (Capex) and other operational expenses (Opex) of the charging system. Around 120 charging use cases were modeled. The general idea driving our use case building methodology is to get as close as possible to real-life conditions in any given context. The constraints and opportunities stemming from these different situations help define the relevant smart charging strategy which is then modelled thru a specific algorithm.
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Implicit Value is also referred as Incentive based value
EV Smart Charging in Buildings
