Preface Site analysis is one of the vital steps in understanding a site hence contributing to the design process. Throughout this book a thorough analysis of the Guildhall site will be undertaken helping in making the site much more understandable.
Acknowledgments Many thanks for all the people who helped in composing this book. Special thanks to Leeds Metropolitan University and specifically Vernon Thomas and Keith Andrews for giving us the opportunity to put this book together. Last but not least, the people who work in the Guildhall for allowing us to tour the building.
Contributors Mohamed Mahmood - 33348759 Robert Cresswell - 33325711 Christopher Scarffe - 3315273 Justin Bilinskas- 3344584
Table of Contents
1
Site Location Macro Meso Micro
2
13 16 17
22 23 26 30
Contextual Analysis List of Surrounding Buildings Space Qualities
45 53
Services & Materiality Water ways and Sewage System
6
7
62 66
Circulation & Access Roads & Car Parks Public Transport Pedestrian & Cycling Routes Boats Routes
8
59
Historical Development Historical Maps Site History
Climatic Analysis Average Temperatures Wind Analysis Precipitation Solar Analysis
4
2 4 6
Geological Analysis Ground Space Diagrams Open Spaces Ground Geology
3
5
Circulation Master plan
69 74 77 82 84
1
Site Location
1 Macro Location of the UK in comparison to the world
United Kingdom
2
1 Macro Location of England in comparison to Europe
England
3
1 Meso Location of the Yorkshire & Humber Region in comparison to England
Yorkshire & Humber
4
1 Meso Location of York in comparison to the Yorksire & Humber region
England
5
1 Micro Site location in comparison to York city centre
0
6
50
100
150 200 250 m
Site
1 Micro The exact location of the site
0
5
10
15
20
25 m
Site
7
1 Micro Site location in comparison to York city centre
8
1 Micro The exact location of the site
9
1 Micro Site location in comparison to York city centre
10
1 Micro The exact location of the site
11
2
Geological Analysis
2 Ground Space Diagrams Urban Layout
Outside City Wall: This section of the map is taken from outside the city wall; an area of more recent construction. This is apparent through the more spaced out, regimented layout of buildings. Inside City Wall: This section of the map is taken from within the city wall. This is the heart of the York and is where the city originated. This has a much older medieval urban layout which is incidental and dense.
13
2 Ground Space Diagrams Figure Ground Diagram
Medieval urban layout: The figure map illustrates the dense and incidental massing of the centre of York. The medieval layout adds an adventurous and exploratory theme to the experiential factor of the city. This is enhanced by the feature of snickets creating pathways through and connections to courtyards within the massing of the buildings.
14
2 Ground Space Diagrams Reverse Figure Diagram
15
2 Open Spaces Outside Spaces
16
2 Ground Geology Geological Map
The geological map above illustrates the composition of the different materials that make up England and Wales. The materials around York were formed around the Triassic and Jurassic period. These are mostly limestones, clays and sandstones.
17
2 Ground Geology Borehole Location Map
The map above shows the positions from where each borehole around the site was taken. The bore holes positions were chosen as together they help to provide a broader geological understanding of the area of and around the site. (Borehole 2 is taken to be similar to the site)
18
2
2 Ground Geology Bore holes
2
19
2 Ground Geology Local Materials
Limestone
- Limestone can be also be used as a cut stone or as a main component in cement. - The image on the left shows the York minster. The main construction material used in this building is limestone
Clay
- Clay is commonly used for roof tiles and brick work. - The image on the left shows an example of clay used in construction in York for the tiles of the pitched roofs.
Sandstone
- Sandstone can be used as a cut stone for block work or facade tiles.
20
3
Climatic Analysis
3 Average Temperatures Average Maximum and Minimum Temperatures
The graph above shows the average minimum and maximum monthly temperatures over the year in York. Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/2633352
22 2
3 Wind Analysis Average Annual Wind Direction
The wind rose above illustrates the average wind directions throughout the year in York. As shown the prevailing winds in York come from the West.
23
3 Wind Analysis Average Monthly Wind Direction
24 2
3 Wind Analysis Average Monthly Wind Direction
25
3 Precipitation Average Precipitation Level Map
The diagram above is a precipitation map of the UK. This illustrates the different levels of annual rainfall in the UK. York receives one of the lowest levels rainfall in the UK with a measure of around 625mm a year.
26 2
3 Precipitation Average Monthly Precipitation
The graph above shows the average monthly precipitation (rain, snow and hail fall) over the year in York. Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/2633352
27
3 Precipitation Flood Map for the City of York
Scale 1:25000
28 2
3 Precipitation Flooding Section for Site
29
3 Solar Analysis Average annual sun across the United Kingdom
900
950
1000
1500
1100 kWh/m2 York
The diagram above is an irradiation map of the UK. This illustrates the different levels of solar exposure in different parts of the UK. York lies somewhere in the middle with a Average annual sum of around 900-950 Kwh/m. This information can be used to calculate the amount of electricity that can be produced in this area by a PV solar panel.
30 2
3 Solar Analysis Average Daily Sunlight Hours
The graph above illustrates the average number of hours of bright sunshine each day for each calendar month for York. Note: Hours of bright sunshine is measured from midnight to midnight. Bright sunshine has generally been recorded with a Campbell-Stokes recorder. This device only measures the duration of “bright” sunshine, which is less than the amount of “visible” sunshine. For example, sunshine immediately after sunrise and just before sunset is visible, but would not be bright enough to register on the Campbell-Stokes recorder. Source: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/York=climateGraphs
31
3 Solar Analysis Average Daylight Hours
The graph above illustrates the average number of hours of visible daylight each day for each calendar month for York. Source: http://www.timeanddate.com/world clock/astronomy.html?n=136
32 2
3 Solar Analysis Summer Solstice 9:00 AM
During the early hours of the day the sun mainly hits the facing vertical facade while the narrow streets remain shaded.
33
3 Solar Analysis Summer Solstice 12:00 Noon
At midday the sun usually hits the buildings vertically and even the smaller streets get a large amount of sunshine.
34 2
3 Solar Analysis Summer Solstice 3:00 PM
The sun at this hour is usually still high up in the sky and it mainly hits the vertical facades of the buildings.
35
3 Solar Analysis Summer Solstice 6:00 PM
The sun is usually much lower in the sky at this hour as it starts to set.
36 2
3 Solar Analysis Equinox 9:00 AM
Shadows are much longer at this hour compared to summer as the sun is usually much lower in the sky.
37
3 Solar Analysis Equinox 12:00 Noon
Compared to summer the sun is usually much lower in the sky and the shadows mainly hit the vertical surfaces and most of the areas are still heavily shaded.
38 2
3 Solar Analysis Equinox 3:00 PM
During this time of the day the sun would mainly be focused on the horizontal surfaces such as building roofs.
39
3 Solar Analysis Equinox 6:00 PM
At this hour of the day the sun had already set and all areas are completely shaded.
40 2
3 Solar Analysis Winter Solstice 9:00 AM
During the early hours of the morning the sun is usually very low in the sky and most of the areas are fully shaded.
41
3 Solar Analysis Winter Solstice 12:00 Noon
As midday approaches the sun is higher in the sky yet shadows are more dominant and most of the areas are shaded.
42 2
3 Solar Analysis Winter Solstice 3:00 PM
The sun begins to set at this hour and most of the areas are completely shaded.
43
3 Solar Analysis Winter Solstice 6:00 PM
During this time of the day the sun had already set and the whole area is covered in shadows.
44 2
4
Contextual Analysis
4 List of Surrounding Buildings List of the Surrounding Buildings
45
List of Surrounding Buildings
4
List of the Surrounding Buildings
46
4 List of Surrounding Buildings List of the Surrounding Buildings
47
List of Surrounding Buildings
4
List of the Surrounding Buildings
48
4 List of Surrounding Buildings List of the Surrounding Buildings
49
List of Surrounding Buildings
4
List of the Surrounding Buildings
50
4 List of Surrounding Buildings Heights of Surrounding Buildings
51
4 List of Surrounding Buildings Building Usage
52
4 Space Qualities Heights of surrounding buildings
Material Area Distance Timber Ampleforth 19miles Timber Selby 18miles Steel York 2miles Steel York 3miles Glass York 3miles Grained Sandstone Britannia Quarry 80miles Woodkirk Yorkstone, Sandstone Morley 34miles Mortar lime Coldstones Quarry 34 miles Limestone Hillside Quarry 52miles Concrete, Cement Pickering 27miles
53
4
Space Qualities Views of Different Spaces Around the Site
Main entrance to Guildhall.
54
4 Space Qualities Views of Different Spaces Around the Site
Alleyway is used as storage with all of the doors are gated and windows boarded.
55
4
Space Qualities Views of Different Spaces Around the Site
Riverside views of the shopping centre parking.
56
4 Space Qualities Views of Different Spaces Around the Site
Some of the alleyways are well looked after and have unique feel to them.
57
5
Services & Materiality
5 Water Ways and Sewage Systems Location of Service Circulation
59
Electricity
Fresh Water
Sewage disposal
5
5 Water ways and Sewage System Usual water run off courses and location of run off water drains
Run off water Run off water drain
60
6
Historical Development
6 Historical Maps 1850
Site of Priory - During the 1850’s the local site was predominately used for religious reasons as the rebuild of the minster was underway.
Lendal Chapel - This was built between 1816 and 1818 and cost ÂŁ3000. It seated 1000 people and was one of the largest chapels to be open around this time.
Lendal Ferry - This was the only river crossing this side of the city at the time. This was because the medieval bridge was being dismantled and rebuilt due to the collapse during the return of St William of York from exile.
62
6 Historical Maps 1890
Clubs - During the 1850’s the social revolution within the Victorian era, new clubs, bars and pubs were being built. This was to host all classes. On site you can see the erection of 3 new clubs.
Lendal Bridge - This bridge was built in 1863 and designed by Thomas Page. The bridge was constructed to allow the connection of the train station to the minster. It also hosts the inner ring road around York.
63
6 Historical Maps 1930
Guildhall - From what can be seen from the maps you can see an extension of the current structure, this would have been to host the expanding industry within York. At the time this was still a meeting place of the “Guilds�. Or now known as local Businessmen.
Green Areas - Because of the extension of the guildhall the green areas within the local proximity of the site shrunk and cyst to exist. This was part of the growth of the city through the Victorian era due to population increase and the need for housing and industry.
64
6 Historical Maps 1960
Boat Yard - The site we now see today was purchased by the York Boat company which now use the low lying site to repair boats. You can see that they have built offices and storage space as well as the addition of a slip way into the river.
Pontoon - Due to the sites current use, it was necessary to add a pontoon in order to still allow boats to dock on the site.
65
6 Site History
66
6
67
7
Circulation & Access
7 Roads & Car parks A Roads
The main A roads that link the city to other cities is adjacent to the city walls. The road also connects to the main inner roads and the train station.
69
A Roads Site
7 Roads & Car parks Main Roads
The main road goes across the city and usually connects to the gates of the city walls where it connects to the A road.
Main Roads Site
70
7 Roads & Car parks Minor Roads
Seeing as the city has been preserved there aren’t many minor roads within the city walls.
71
Minor Roads Site
7 Roads & Car parks Foot Streets
The foot streets are located in the heart of the city and they are pedestrianised roads that allow vehicles at certain times only.
Foot Streets Site
72
7 Roads & Car parks Car Parks
Car parks are mainly located outside the city walls. Only a few car parks are located within the city and almost none near the city centre.
73
Car Parks Site
7 Public Transport Bus Routes and Stops
74
7 Public Transport Coach Parks
75
7 Public Transport Rail
76
7 Pedestrian & Cycling Routes Pedestrian Streets
York has one of the largest pedestrian zones in Europe. The pedestrian streets create a safer and more attractive city centre for everyone.
77
Pedestrian streets
7 Pedestrian & Cycling Routes Prohibited Cycling
Cycling is prohibited
78
7 Pedestrian & Cycling Routes Advisory Cycle Routes
Advisory route for cyclists
79
7 Pedestrian & Cycling Routes On-Road Cycle Lanes
On-road cycle lane
80
7 Pedestrian & Cycling Routes Off-Road Cycle Lanes
Off-road cycle track
81
7 Boat Routes Paths and Stops
82 73
8
Circulation Master plan
8 Circulation Master plan Analysis of Existing Access Routes
84
8 Circulation Master plan Obstacles on Site
The removal of the highlighted buildings is required for our proposals to fully utilise the site.
85
8 Circulation Master plan Obstacles on Site
Improving appearance of key access route. Cobble street could be resurfaced to improve the accessibility.
86
8 Circulation Master plan Obstacles on Site
Removal of obstacles such as the bike storage is required to open up this new access route to the site.
87
8 Circulation Master plan
River Walkway (Normal river level)
River Walkway (Flooded river level)
1:15m Rise Ratio
5m Landing
88
8
7
Static Walkway
Static Walkway This image diagrams the detail of how the walkway can react to changing water levels As the water rises it will push the pole within the pile enabling the walkway to stay above river level at all times while retaining an appropriate rise ratio
89
8 Circulation Master plan Revised Site Plan
Circulation Routes Water Taxi Stop
Site Location Proposed Walkway
90