L
P
COMPLETING THE
Mohit Chaugule
70 % of fresh water is ice
29 %
of fresh water is underground
>1 %
of fresh water is in lakes and rivers
Graphic by Howard Perlman, USGS; globe illustration by Jack Cook, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Adam Nieman.
Water Consumption by Countries
250 200 150 100 50 0
source: AQUASTAT _ FAQ’s information system on water and agriculture
Mali
China
India
Egypt
France
USA
Water Consumption by Sectors
2015
2030
Difference Between Water Extracted and Consumed Water Consumed
source: State Hydrological Institute and UNESCO
Domestic Water Consumption by Activity
29 %
19 %
10 %
15 %
1%
12 %
1% 1% The Water Short List, Benjamin Inskeep and Shahzeen Attari
11 %
The Mega Consumers
45 million toilets in UK homes
2 billion
using an estimated litres of fresh water every day
13
litres of water per flush
30-60 %
of urban fresh water is used on lawns
WATERWISE PROJECT, http://www.waterwise.org.uk/pages/indoors.html Earth Institute Columbia University
Water Consumption Per Person Per Day 149 lit
17.88 lit/day
16.39 lit/day
43.21 lit/day
22.35 lit/day
Shower
Outdoor
28.31 lit/day
Toilet
http://www.ccwater.org.uk/
Faucets
Clothes Washing
1.49 lit/day
Dish Washing
Treatment Requirement Catagories of Water Use
Adapted from Shelef (1991) and Asano (1996)
Pathogen Removal
Disinfection
Dissolved Oxygen Presence
Biochemical & Chemical Oxygen Removal
Nutrient Removal
Taste,Odor & Colour Removal
Organics & Metal Removal
Excess Salinity Removal
Level of Requirement
OBJECTIVES
Objectives
decentralizing A very bottom up approach of completing smaller loops of water cycle in a larger scale, hence leading to better segregation of water.
Objectives
non-conventional sources Reviving the water sources by reusing and recycling the waste water. And creating non-conventional sources to reduce the demand of water.
Objectives
co-existing Obtaining the targets without any environmental impact by using biological elements for filteration in the existing systems.
Objectives
empowering citizens Developing a easy to make and easy to assemble system
The Faircap Projecti
HOW ?
Completing the Closer Loops
EXPERIMENTATION
Gravel
Filters larger sediments
Sand
Filters fine impurities The top layer of sand forms a biological layer called Biofilm which helps filter bacteria,viruses,etc.
Charcoal/Activated Carbon Filters contaminants and impurities using chemical absorbtion
1 Dust
2
Cola
3 Ash
4
Soap
Treatment Requirement Catagories of Water Use
Pathogen Removal
Disinfection
Dissolved Oxygen Presence
Biochemical & Chemical Oxygen Removal
Nutrient Removal
Taste,Odor & Colour Removal
Organics & Metal Removal
Excess Salinity Removal
Level of Requirement Adapted from Shelef (1991) and Asano (1996)
ADAPTATION
IMPACT
Virtual Water Footprint
1050
cubicmt/yr
490.05 cubicmt/yr
Direct Water Footprint
92.84 cubicmt/yr
53.02 cubicmt/yr
Cost Impact
New System
+ 125 - 175 â‚Ź + waste from the previous product
Completing the Loop System
+ <50 â&#x201A;Ź + low environmental impact + knowing how the system works + option of diversifying the filtered water
Existing Water System
Ground Water
Leakages
Toilets
Washing Machine
Shower
Black Water Treatment
Treatment Plant
Grey Water Treatment
Faucets
Drinking
Direct Precipitation
Dishwasher
Other
Outdoor
Ground
Altered Water System
Ground Water
Leakages
Toilets
Washing Machine
Shower
Black Water Treatment
Treatment Plant
Grey Water Treatment
Faucets
Drinking
Direct Precipitation
Dishwasher
Other
Outdoor
Ground
precipitation
Urban System
evaporation
imported potable water
precipitation
reduced evaporation runoff
large runoff infiltration
The Natural Cycle
precipitation
wastewater discharge
evaporation reduced infiltration reduced imported potable water stormwater reuse
wastewater reuse
runoff reduced wastewater discharge
infiltration
stormwater treatment
Completing the Loop
Deployment Strategy
Idea
Research
Experiment
Implementation
Fabricating Prototype
Awareness
Imapct
The Kit
Studying Bio-filters
Loops in the Water Cycle
What Bio Filters can do
Adapting it in System
Impact of Reusing water
Adapting the Filter in a existing system
Using netwroks of fablabs to develop a easy to assemble kit for reusing water
Targeting group of people to start using the system
Calculating the impact created by the system
Designing a kit which can be modified A kit which can be made available to the mass A kit which can be transportable