نظریه های دولت در فقه شیعه

    

    

 

   



    [ ] /                  ISBN 964–312–370–7

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ‘ ’                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

          

                  BP       

Mohsen Kadivar Political Thoughts in Islam Series, Vol I

The Theories of State in the Shi’ite Figh Ney Publishing House 5th edition, 2001, Tehran

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          

                                                                              

                                                                                              

             

                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

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

    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 



               

 

                                                                                                                     

                                                   T he T heories of G overnment in S hi’t Figh, translated by Mojahed Hosein, Hikmat, Vol. 1, No 3 and 4, 1997–1998, pp. 303–329, 413–443.

                                         





    

                

                                                                                                                                                              



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  





    



           

           

          

            

            

          

            

             

            

              

          

            

           

           

          

          

            

          

           

           

           

            

          

            

           

            

       

            

           

            

           

           

           

             

            

            

          

            

         

            

                                                     

                                                     





    



            

                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                     

                           





    



           

     

         

             

     

          

          

            

           

            

          

            

               

              

      

           

         

             

          

             

        

               

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                     





    

             

        

            

           

           

           

             

       

         





        

            

           

           

        

           

          

 

          

             

        

             

          

            

     c defg      

           

         

                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                                                 h ijkl                              





    



          

              

    c defg 

          

           

            

                       

            

                                 

                                                   

        

           

    

     

                                                 

                                              

     

          

          

          

               

            

          

            

             

         

         

         

   c defg        

                          

                          





    

                          



                                      

    

            

         

           

             

          

            

             

        

           

           

            

       

    

            

            

           

            

          

 

      

                       

                                                                                        [ ]                             [ ]       [ ]                     

                                     

                                                              





    



            

          

             

          

             



           

         

             

  

            

         

            

           

              

   

           

       

           

   c defg   m nopq      

        





                

                                                                           



 



   

                       

                                             

            

                                         

                                                        





    



          

          

          

             

          

           

         

            

           

          



            

              

            

            

              

         

              

             

          

          

                                  

                                         

          

              

         

        

         

           

          

             

           

                        

                                                    

                                           





    



           

           

          

          

 





           

             

          

           

           

         



  

           

         

                                 

            

          

          

          

 

          

      

          

           

           

           

 



                                                                                                                               

                                                                                             ‘   ’                                                         





    

           

(state)      

                                                                                                                                                                 



                       

                                                                                                                                                       

                      (theory)                                                          

                                                     





    



          

             

            

          

          

        

            

         

(critical analysis)        

            

           

            

              

          

              

            

         

           

          

           

        

             

              

          

         

             

         

            

                                           

                                                         

         

            

                       

         

               

                                





    

         

      

                        

         

   

          



           

           

         

             

         

           

        

           

          

          

         

          

                  

      

        

            

        

                                    

                                       

 

          

           

           

          

   



     

                         

                                  

       





    

                    



                   

            

            

          

          



        

                       

                   

             

          

            

         

             



                        

           

          

    

          

             

           

          

         

              

            

          

             

            

   

             

           

          

            

           

                                  

                                  





    



          

            

        

nopq    m             

            

           h ijkl  

       

             

     

           

         

          

  

        

                                                                  

                                                      

                                                                 

                                                 ijkl h   m nopq      

                                                                                                               





    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       



                                                                                                 



                                                                                                          

                       

         





    



            

            

    

            

  

                        

       

            

         

          

                     

                                         

          

           

             

         

        

       

                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                        





    



         

           

     

     

        

           

            

            

        (Legitimacy) 

          

             

          

 



      

           

             

           

              

           

          

            

         

            

          

          



           

         

            

          

                    

                                                                                                       

                                                                                      





    

          



   

             

               

            

           

           



                                                

                                    

         

             

       

            

         

         

          

           

           

   

                                            

                                                                        

                             

 

                  

  

                                            h ijkl               

                            





    



             

           

             

           

        

      

                                   

                                  

            

           

         

              

           



         

            

            

 

        

               

           

            

          

            

          

            

           

      

             

          

           

       

           

    

            

    

                                                                                      

          r stuv        m nopq   defg            c





    



    

    c defg     

            

          

           

          

           

            

              

          

           

         

           

            

             

           

          

           

           

         

           

           

            

           

             

      

           

               

            

          

         

           

           

          

               

          

              

           

             

         

                                                    

                                                  





    



     c defg      

            

            

          

          

           

     

          

         



    

                              



   

     

          

            

         

           

m nopq         

           

          c defg 



              

              

           

    c defg       

           

defg   m c nopq       

          

   

                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                         





    



               

            

            

           

    

                    

    

                

           

            

             

            

           

            



            

     

                                                                                      

 

         

           [  ]                                   

            

        

           

      

                                      

                           





    

                                                                 



                                                                                                                                                                  

                                                        

    

      





 

    



                                                                 

 

 

                       

         

            

          

          

          

         

            

          

            

 

           

                     h ijkl             

                                  

                    

       

           

              

             

             

  m nopq   

             

                        

            



 

    



     

         

        

           

          

           

           

             

            

      

              

          

         

             

   

          

          

            

         

           

            

           

            

           

       

            

        

            

          

           

         

            

   

    

                                

                                

                                   

                                           



 

    



        

              

          

         

                              

        

                                           

           

           

         

         

           

       

       

         

  m nopq       

          

           

          

            

           

         

          

        

          



         

                                                                  

                                                                                        



 

    

      m nopq          

 

         

 c defg   

        

       

          

             

          

          

   



                     



                          

          

                            

           

 

                            

          

                         

          

            

          c defg    

           

            



 h ijkl           



           

                                                   

                       

                                     

                     



 

    



          

        h ijkl     

m nopq      

              

  h ijkl     

           

            

       

         

          

        

          

         

  

         

       

      

            

        

           

                     

           

      

         

                                                                                                               



   

                                                                                                     



 

    

                       



                     

            

        

             

          

              

          

            

          

           

                    

‘  ’      

         

      



                                                                                                                                                                                         

                                 c defg         h ijkl                                                                                              



 

    



           

           

           

 

          

             



           

           

             

                       

                                



             

             

           

                                             

                                                                

   

                      

                                           

                                                            c defg       

         

                       



 

    



           

           

    m nopq     

           

   ]         

           

        [nopqm 

  

                                             



               defg           c

                 m nopq     

          

         

              

            

              

             

               

       c defg    

           c defg   

           

           

          

      

            

                 

                             

        

                     

                                          m nopq 

     

        



 

    

    m nopq    

          

           

   m nopq        

            

           

           

          

         

          

        

           

           

          

           

           

          

       

        

        

                    

                      

         

  

         

 

          

         



             c defg                                    



          

                             

                          

                                       



 

    

              c defg  



                       

           

             

             

            

                            

           

             

           

            

             

             

             

                 

              

            

         

           

   m nopq          

          

                

              

              

         

             

            

                



 

         

                              c defg                                                                                       

                                                                        



 

    



           

          

            

          

           

          

            

           

   

       

   

                        

        

           

        

          

          

          

       



         

                                 

     

                                                                                                                                                              

                                                             



                     



   

     



      

                            

 

                 

        m nopq     

 

   

   c defg                   

          

        

          

 

 

          

  h ijkl         

            

             

            

           

     

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                               

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   

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

    

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          

       

          

                        

    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   



   

    

                          



                              

                                  

          

          

            

         

                                   

                                                         

  

                                                                                                                                                                                                              

        

        

            

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           



          

    

     

           

                          

                        



    

                        

  



        

             

           

            

            

            

           

           

     

                        h ijkl              



            

             

    

                                  

                                                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                    



   

    



              

              

             

   h ijkl          

           



          

          

            

         

           

           

         

      

            

              

           

           

           

            

            

             

              

                                          

  

     

                          

      

            

             

          

                

                                      

                    

                                                                                     



   

    

                  

                                                                      

 



 

                                                                                

          

             

            

             

          

           

 

      

                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                   



   

    

  



           

           

             

              

           

                   

 

    

    

        

             

             

          

        

         

       

            

                                  

         

                         



                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           



   

    



           

           

         

           



            

                                          

                                    



                                  

     

                        

                                         

            

        

          

           

            

           



   

            

                     

                                                                                                              

                                                         



     

    



                                            

 

     

          

         

                         

           

             

              

   

                                              

        

                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                          



     

    



 

            

  

           

            

         

          

          

           

            

          

           

       

  

         

            

          

           

    

                  

  

           

            

               

          c defg   m nopq  



           

             

         

            

          

         

                  

   

                                                    [ ]

                                                                                         [ ]                                 



     

    



         

            

            

           

           

            



   

             

           



             

          

       



    

           

                          

     

                                 

                                   c defg                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

                                                                                            

                                                



     

    

                                                

  

 

 

 

       

                          





                                                                                                                      



                      

                            

            ]                        [                                                                                                                                

                                                   

                                     



      

     

        



    

          

             

        

             

          



              

  

            

    

             

           

        

       

 

           

            

             

                

            

          

            

       

                                                                                                                                                                              



       

            

      

                                                                                                                



   

    



                         

  

 

                                                                                   

                                                            

                                                                                                                                  



   

    



           

          

           

         

            

             

            

             

   



        

             

                 h ijkl   m nopq                        

  

        

         

              

              

            

            

     

            

         

          

           

           

  

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                           



   

     

             

 

       

 







        

                       



 

                        

                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                         

       c defg                                                                                     



        

    



     

                                                                      

        

                     

            

          

           

          

            

          

         

          

              

           

          

         

           

             

         

            

         

         

          

                                                                                         

                                                              



       

    



             

        

            

           

            

          

            

         

  

        

          

      m nopq  

         

       

           

     

                        





 

        

               

                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                        



       

    

              

                       

                       

         

           

   



   

      

              

                       

           

         

           

         

      

          

           

        

             

           

             

         



           

           

             

           

           

          

                   

                                                                                        

                                                                                             



       

    

           



      

                         

    

             

    c defg        

               



                      

                   

            

      

        

     

              

            

         

            

  

           

         



               

                       

            

          

      c defg      m nopq 

           

             

        



            

         

          

          

                                    

                        



       

    

                          



                       

                            

     

      

            

           

       

              

             

            

              

               

                                                      

 

                                 

           

                       

            

            

            

           

                                                                                                       

     

     

                                                  



       

    

                               

   



                      

         

          

        

         

           

        

  

           

      

         

 

         

           

     

            

           

            

  



     

          

            

            

            

            

           

            

           

          

          

 

         

           

                                                    

                                                                                                       



       

    



  

                          

        

            

           

            

          

             

  

      

     

 c defg  

     

           

 

 

        

            

            

          

        

          



   

                        

           

            

          

              

        

           

           

           

                

             

          



                                      c defg                                         

         

                   



    

    



                                                           

 

    

                                     

           

         

     

         

          

          

           

           

                                                                                                                                                                                

                      

                     



    

    



            

          

            

       

  



          

          

                        

                            



    

               

      

            

           

            

        

        

   

          

                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                             



    

     







    

             

         

         

         

         

            

           

  

           

            

                                                  

       

                                                                 

             

    

           

              

  

             

            

          

            

             

         

           

          

      

                     

                       



    

    

                

       



                                  

          

           

      h ijkl   m nopq   

             

            

           

        c defg  

          

           

            

            

      

              

  

      c defg              h ijkl   m nopq                       

                                                          

  

            

            

           

          

           

   h ijkl  m nopq  

            

      

             

     

            

                        

               

              



    

    

            



                                                                                                              



           



           

          

                        c defg                                                                                                    

         

        

             

          

                

          

  

                                                    

                                   



    

    



           

            

         

              

           

             

             

         

    

            

            

             

           

           



              

            



       

            

             

          

         

        

           

            

          

             

             

           

             

          

               

         

           

                     

                 

                                                                

                                                       



    

    

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              

           

          

            

            

             

       

          

              

           

            

           

           

             

            

             

             

         

             

             

        

             

           

             

            

           

            

          

            

            

            

             

             

            

          

               

                                                                                 

                                                                                

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    

    



                                  

 

    

                                                   

            

 

                                                                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                              



    

     

 

          

                                                                                                   

             

                                                                                                                                                                    

       

         

        

           

       

   

 

    

                                          

                                                       





    

    

                    



         

     

          

      

          



         

          

         

    

          

               

   

                                                           

                                                                        c defg           c defg                                               



                                                                                                                                         

    

                       



    

    

    

      

                                                                                                                    

                                                       



                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                                

                



    

    

         

          

               

         

  



          

      

                                                                       

 

       m nopq    

        h ijkl 

  

     

                                                            

       

                         

                                                        

       

                                                                                                                                                                                                               



     

    

       



                       

     

    

      

             

              

            

          

            

   c defg         

          

 

               

          

          c defg  

            



  

                          

                                    

                                  

               

     c defg 

            

             

            

          

           

            

             

  

               

                 

                                           



    

    

                     





            

 

             

          

  







    

        

                          

           

             

            

            

             

             

 

       

              

     

                          

           

          

           

            

            

            



       

             

            

           

         

         

              

          

                      

                           

                               



    

    

             





     

          

         

             

            

          

         

            



  

            

             

          

            

              

               

                                    

         

            

          

          

          

          



      



                      

          

           

           

            

             

            

            

           

                         

                          

        



    

    

            





     

            

             

          

           

         

            



 

                                   

                           

    

                         

           

            

          

             

          

            

      

                

                         

          

            

           

             

            

            

  

 

                                               

                                                                               



  

    



                                        

 

  

                                                 

             

  

           

            

            

         

                           

       

          

                                  

        

                                                   

                               

                                                                                             

 

  

    

     

                                       

 

          

    

nopq            m

          

            

          

          

    

    

           

    

           

  m nopq          

            

          

           

           

 

            

          

                      

       

                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                       

 

  

    



        

         

 

      

          

           

          

           

           

             



       

           

      c defg   m nopq          

          

            

           

           

      

              

       

              

         

             

          

            

           

             



            

                         

                        

    

            

  c defg        

            

            

          

          

                        

             

            

 

  

    

 

           

 h ijkl         m nopq  

   

           

                                

                              

           

      



       

         

  

      

           

nopq                m

 

          

          

          c defg   

              

           

             

             

          

           

             

          

           

          

    

           

          

         

           

           

            

           

          

 

            

            

                   

          

 

  

    

 

        

            

         

           



      

                    

    

           

                         

             

          

         c defg  

            

                                        

                                            c defg                                                                                                                c defg         c defg                                  

                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

  

    

                

       

                



                               

    

      c defg    m nopq 

          

         

             

          

            

         

  

        

                                                                                                     



          

                                                            

 



                  

                          

       h ijkl                   

        

      c defg      ijkl h          

                                                                    



  

    

         



                    

   

                   

      

     

                     

           

            

           

         

                                    



        

                     

           

           

         

             

            

           

         

             

                                                                                                                            

                                

                      

                



  

    



           

             

         

              

 c defg        

           

 

  

   

                       c defg 

    

            

            

defg            c

      

      

              h ijkl              h ijkl                                                      

      c defg                                                           



                                  

  c defg          

      

          

    

                                        

                                         



   

    



                                       

 

   

                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                         



   

    

    



     

        

     

        

      

   [  ]    

           

         []

           

          

          

          

          

        

          

           



           

              

      [ ]  

             

defg            c

        

         

          

             

 ]         

           



   [ 

                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                                                          



   

    

      



               

     

                                                                                       

 

                                     

   

                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                        [ ]                                  [ ] 

                                      



   

    



            

            

            

           

          

          

         

     



                           

      

           

           

           

              

             

            

  

              

                          

        

          

        

          

                

              

             

           

          

            

    

        

          

         

             

           

         

           

           

          

                 

           



   

    

         





     

            

         

            

        

            

           

            

           

            

             

            

             

             

             



           

           

        

             

             

              

         

              

          

             

            

           

 

  

             

            

           

            

            

            

            

              

          

            

             

           

 

         

        



   

    



           

            

            

           

   

      

                h ijkl            

    

          

                                                 



       m nopq   

           

    c defg        

            

              

         

              

        

          

         

             

           

              

         

           

            

     

             

           





             

            

            

          

             

            

           

             

                   

             



    

    



                                  



       

                                                                                                         

                                                          



 

    







 

    

        

                                                                                                                                       





 

    



                                    

      [ ]                                  

                  [ ]                                                                                                                            

                                                                                [ ]                                                               

                                           

[ ]               [ ]                                 



 

    



                                      

                                                 

                                     

            

       [ ]                                                                                                m nopq                                                  

                                                 

                                             

                                       

  



 

    



                                     

                                    

                                                                                 

           

   

           [ ]                                                                                                                     

  

       

   

                                   

              

                   



    

                                                                                                                                     

    



                                                                                                                      



 

             

    

         

 

     

                                      

                         



                

     

     

          







  

              



                                            

                                             

                       

  

              

                             

                   

                 







           



 

    

                  

       

                                          

           





    

                   

                  

       

                                     

 

       

              



       



         



    



                        

                 

                    

                        

                             

      





                                        



        



  



 

    



 

   

          

   

                   

                                            

           



                                                                                         



 

                                           

     

                                          



                        

                          

       



      

                                                        

                         



                  



                                                    

                        

                                                                             

         



 

    



                    

                 

                          

                      

                                                                                 

                                 

                

                     

                        



                           

                      



                    



        



                                               

                       

     

  



 

    

    

     

                                                                                                     



                                             

                                    

                            

               

  





                                                                        



 

    



                         

                         

                   

                                                                                      

                                               

                                                                                      

                                                         

                             

  

                                   

                     



                  



                 



      



 

             

                                                                      

             

        

    

                      

                        

                                                               

            

                                                                                                 

                           

                           





              

                                                                  

                      



 

    

                 

  

                        

        

       

                   







                   

              

           

                                                                             

                                                                                    

                                                             

                              

                      

   



              



 



 

    



        

                 

                            

                        

                                                                     

                                                                         

       

                                           

                            

              







                                                                                             



        

                                   



 

    



                         

                           

                             

                        

                                                                                 

                                                       

                     

                                                                                

                                                                                       

                        

                                

                         

                                 





 

    



                    

                          

                                

              

                                        

                                                                             

                                                                                             

             

                         

                         



                



                                                      



 

    



      

                                      

                              

                                                                          

                                                   

                Web Site: E-Mail:

http://www.kadivar.com kadivar@irip.ir