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H\Y Gk]hW\ V`cW_ YbUV`Yg h\Y fcVch hc aU_Y ]hg ckb XYW]g]cbg giW\ Ug [c]b[ `YZh k\Yb ]h \YUfg U `ciX gcibX UbX hifb]b[ f][\h k\Yb ]h \YUfg U gcZh gcibX"
)+
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GYbgcf V`cW_g IgY h\YgY V`cW_g ]b WcaV]bUh]cb k]h\ h\Y gYbgcfg cb mcif fcVch hc Wcbhfc` VY\Uj]cf" H\Y V`cW_g WcffYgdcbX hc HciW\ GcibX @][\h UbX I`hfUgcb]W GYbgcfg/ BLH Vihhcbg/ FchUh]cb cZ h\Y =bhYfUWh]jY GYfjc Achcfg H]aYfg 6`iYhcch\ FYWY]jY UbX cdh]cbU` HYadYfUhifY GYbgcfg"
:`ck V`cW_g H\YgY V`cW_g U``ck mci hc WfYUhY acfY Wcad`Yl VY\Uj]cfg" 6`cW_g ]bW`iXY Wcbhfc` Zcf FYdYUh KU]h :cf UbX JUf]UV`Y WcbX]h]cbg/ V`cW_g hc Ghcd VY\Uj]cf cf `c[]WU` Òck ]b U dfc[fUa/ UbX 8YW]g]cb V`cW_g hc dfc[fUa fYgdcbgYg hc gdYW]ÑW gYbgcf WcbX]h]cbg"
),
GcZhkUfY Dfc[fUaa]b[ DU`YhhY 7cad`YhY DU`YhhY
8UhU V`cW_g GYh id 6cc`YUb `c[]W AUh\ 7cadUfY FUb[Y FUbXca WcbX]h]cbg JUf]UV`Y UbX 7cbghUbh V`cW_g"
5XjUbWYX V`cW_g IgY h\YgY V`cW_g hc WcbjYfh XUhU hc hYlh UXX hYlh Wcbhfc` h\Y g`YYd ZibWh]cb cb h\Y BLH gUjY Ñ`Yg cb h\Y BLH WU`]VfUhY gYbgcfg fYgYh achcfg ghUfh UbX ghcd XUhU `c[[]b[ UbX WcbbYWh k]h\ 6`iYhcch\"
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)-
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H\Y 7cbhfc``Yf H\Y ÑjY Vihhcbg cb h\Y 7cbhfc``Yf Wcaaib]WUhY Zfca mcif WcadihYf hc h\Y BLH Vf]W_. H\Y 8ckb`cUX UbX fib gY`YWhYX Vihhcb Xckb`cUXg UbX fibg ^igh U d]YWYg cZ mcif dfc[fUa WcXY Y"[" U g]b[`Y V`cW_ cf ^igh U ZYk V`cW_g " Mci k]`` h\Yb VY UV`Y hc gYY \ck h\Y gaU`` gYeiYbWY cZ mcif dfc[fUa dYfZcfag cb h\Y BLH k]h\cih \Uj]b[ hc Xckb`cUX h\Y k\c`Y dfc[fUa"
H\Y BLH k]bXck Vihhcb []jYg mci UWWYgg hc h\Y BLH aYacfm UbX Wcaaib]WUh]cb gYhh]b[g"
H\Y 8ckb`cUX Vihhcb Xckb`cUXg h\Y dfc[fUa hc h\Y BLH" Mci WUb h\Yb fib h\Y dfc[fUa Zfca h\Y BLH"
H\Y Ghcd Vihhcb ghcdg U fibb]b[ dfc[fUa"
H\Y 8ckb`cUX UbX fib Vihhcb Xckb`cUXg U dfc[fUa hc h\Y BLH UbX h\Yb ghUfhg fibb]b[ h\Y dfc[fUa"
*$
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8UhU `c[[]b[ hmd]WU``m ]bjc`jYg h\fYY ghU[Yg. DfYX]Wh]cb à Ub UhhYadh hc XYhYfa]bY Ub cihWcaY cf fYgi`h df]cf hc U dfcWYgg cf YjYbh hU_]b[ d`UWY 7c``YWh]cb à Wc``YWh]cb cZ XUhU Xif]b[ h\Y YldYf]aYbh cf YjYbh 5bU`mg]g à YlUa]bUh]cb cZ h\Y Wc``YWhYX XUhU ]bW`iX]b[ WcadUf]gcb k]h\ h\Y dfYX]WhYX cihWcaY 8UhU `c[[]b[ ]b h\Y W`Uggfcca 5XjUbhU[Yg cZ ig]b[ XUhU `c[[]b[ ]b YldYf]aYbhg. =bWfYUgYX UWWifUWm AYUgifYaYbhg cjYf jYfm g\cfh cf jYfm `cb[ dYf]cXg cZ h]aY 5ihcaUhYX Wc``YWh]cb à bc \iaUb ]bhYfjYbh]cb fYei]fYX 5ihcaUhYX WfYUh]cb cZ XUhU X]gd`Umg [fUd\g X]U[fUag YhW" 8UhU WUb VY YUg]`m gUjYX UddYbXYX UbX YldcfhYX 8UhU `c[[]b[ cb h\Y A=B8GHCFAG BLH 8UhU `c[[]b[ ]g ]XYU``m gi]hYX hc h\Y BLH Vf]W_ UbX h\Y A=B8GHCFAG BLH gcZhkUfY" Ig]b[ h\Y BLH Vf]W_ UbX ]hg gcZhkUfY XUhU `c[[]b[ U``ckg mci hc igY h\Y BLH Vf]W_Èg gYbgcfg hc WUffm cih YldYf]aYbhg ]b aUbm kUmg ]bW`iX]b[ fYachY`m cb h\Y BLH Vf]W_ cf k\Yb WcbbYWhYX hc mcif WcadihYf"
*%
8UhU @c[[]b[ <ck hc GhUfh H\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ gcZhkUfY ]g YUg]`m UWWYgg]V`Y Zfca h\Y XYg_hcd ig]b[ h\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ ]Wcb cf X]fYWh`m Zfca h\Y BLH dfc[fUaa]b[ k]bXck"
%
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H\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ k]bXck Mci WUb WfYUhY UbX WUffm cih YldYf]aYbhg X]fYWh`m ]b h\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ k]bXck" Hc WUffm cih Ub YldYf]aYbh WcbÑ[ifY mcif YldYf]aYbh UbX W`]W_ cb 8ckb`cUX UbX fib cb h\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ 7cbhfc``Yf" H\Y BLH Dfc[fUaa]b[ k]bXck aigh fYaU]b cdYb ]b h\Y VUW_[fcibX k\Yb ig]b[ h\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ gcZhkUfY" =h ]g dcgg]V`Y hc fib h\Y BLH Dfc[fUaa]b[ k]bXck k]h\cih cdYb]b[ h\Y BLH 8UhU @c[[]b[ k]bXck"
'
8UhU @c[[]b[ ]b h\Y BLH dfc[fUaa]b[ k]bXck Mci WUb U`gc dfc[fUa U BLH fcVch hc `c[ XUhU" IgY h\Y hkc V`cW_g ]b h\Y 5XjUbWYX dU`YhhY gYY dU[Y )* Dfc[fUaa]b[ DU`YhhY hc ghUfh UbX ghcd XUhU `c[[]b[ cb h\Y BLH fcVch UbX j]Yk U ;fUd\ cZ h\Y XUhU `c[[]b[ k\]`Y ]h \UddYbg cf ^igh `YUjY h\Y `c[ Ñ`Y cb h\Y BLH Vf]W_ Zcf `UhYf UbU`mg]g" G]ad`m W`]W_ cb h\Y Hc[[`Y Vihhcb ]b h\Y Hcc` 6Uf ]b h\Y BLH dfc[fUaa]b[ k]bXck hc cdYb h\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ k]bXck"
*&
8UhU @c[[]b[ GcZhkUfY IgYf =bhYfZUWY 5 ei]W_ cjYfj]Yk %" FcVch 9XiWUhcf &" Am DcfhU` '" Hcc` VUf (" ;fUd\ )" @]hh`Y <Y`d k]bXck *" M!Ul]g +" L!Ul]g ," 8UhUgYh HUV`Y -" 9ldYf]aYbh WcbÑ[ifUh]cb %$" 8UhU @c[[]b[ 7cbhfc``Yf
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FcVch 9XiWUhcf <YfY mci WUb ÑbX gdYW]U` 8UhU @c[[]b[ Vi]`X]b[ UbX dfc[fUaa]b[ ]bghfiWh]cbg ig]b[ h\Y h\fYY BLH 8UhU @c[[]b[ acXY`g"
Am DcfhU` <YfY mci WUb UWWYgg kkk"A=B8GHCFAGYXiWUh]cb"Wca Zcf hcc`g Xckb`cUXg UbX ]bZcfaUh]cb"
H\Y hcc` VUf H\Y hcc` VUf ZYUhifYg DfYX]Wh]cbg Hcc`g 5bU`mg]g Hcc`g UbX ch\Yf hcc`g hc \Y`d mci Zifh\Yf UbU`mnY mcif fYgi`hg" ;fUd\ H\Y ;fUd\ ]g h\Y j]giU` fYdfYgYbhUh]cb cZ h\Y `c[ Ñ`Y" 7fYUhY dfYX]Wh]cbg WUffm cih YldYf]aYbhg UbX h\Yb UbU`mnY mcif fYgi`hg X]fYWh`m cb h\Y ;fUd\"
@]hh`Y <Y`d K]bXck ;Yh \Y`d h]dg UbX dc]bhYfg ]Z bYYXYX cf VY [i]XYX hc U acfY WcadfY\Ybg]jY <Y`d `]VfUfm"
M!Ul]g H\Y m!Ul]g X]gd`Umg U gYbgcfÈg ib]h cZ aYUgifYaYbh" H\Y ib]h cZ aYUgifYaYbh jUf]Yg Zfca gYbgcf hc gYbgcf UbX WUb jUfm Zfca Wcibhfm hc Wcibhfm" Mci WUb WfYUhY ai`h]d`Y m!UlYg à gc YUW\ gYbgcf WUb \UjY ]hg ckb m!Ul]g cb h\Y ;fUd\"
L!Ul]g H\Y l!Ul]g U`kUmg X]gd`Umg h\Y XifUh]cb cZ Ub YldYf]aYbh"
8UhUgYh HUV`Y H\Y 8UhUgYh HUV`Y WcbhU]bg dfYX]Wh]cb UbX gYbgcf jU`iYg"
9ldYf]aYbh 7cbZ][ifUh]cb 9UW\ YldYf]aYbh \Ug U WcbÑ[ifUh]cb dUbY` h\Uh `Yhg mci Wighca]nY h\Y biaVYf UbX hmdY cZ gYbgcfg Ug kY`` Ug XifUh]cb UbX gUad`Y fUhY"
8UhU @c[[]b[ 7cbhfc``Yf H\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ 7cbhfc``Yf U``ckg mci hc Wcaaib]WUhY k]h\ h\Y BLH Vf]W_" H\Y Id`cUX Vihhcb U``ckg mci hc acjY `c[ Ñ`Yg Zfca mcif BLH hc mcif WcadihYf"
*(
8UhU @c[[]b[ Hcc`g DfYX]Wh]cb Hcc`g AU_Y dfYX]Wh]cbg cZ k\Uh k]`` \UddYb k\Yb h\Y YldYf]aYbh ]g WUff]YX cih ig]b[ DfYX]Wh]cb Hcc`g" IgY h\Y dYbW]` hc XfUk U dfYX]Wh]cb cf igY U Zcfai`U dfYX]Wh]cb hc WfYUhY U ghfU][\h `]bY"
8UhU 7c``YWh]cb 9ldYf]aYbh XUhU ]g Wc``YWhYX cb h\Y BLH Vf]W_ k\Yb mci W`]W_ 8ckb`cUX UbX fib" H\Y XUhU ]g gUjYX ]b U `c[ Ñ`Y UbX X]gd`UmYX cb h\Y ;fUd\ UbX ]b h\Y 8UhUgYh HUV`Y"
5bU`mg]g Hcc`g CbWY XUhU \Ug VYYb Wc``YWhYX UbU`mnY g]b[`Y dc]bhg cf fUb[Yg ig]b[ 5bU`mg]g Hcc`g" 5bU`mg]g Hcc`g X]gd`Umg h\Y a]b]aia aUl]aia UbX aYUb" 5bU`mg]g Hcc`g U`gc U``ckg mci hc W\YW_ h\Y `]bYUf Ñh cZ Ubm XUhUgYh cb h\Y ;fUd\ ]bW`iX]b[ dfYX]Wh]cbg"
*)
8UhU @c[[]b[ 9ldYf]aYbh 7cbZ][ifUh]cb 9UW\ YldYf]aYbh \Ug U WcbÑ[ifUh]cb dUbY` ]b k\]W\ mci WUb UX^igh h\Y dUfUaYhYfg cZ h\Y YldYf]aYbh" 6m W\Ub[]b[ h\Y fUhY UbX XifUh]cb cZ Ub YldYf]aYbh mci WUb W\Ub[Y \ck cZhYb UbX Zcf \ck `cb[ XUhU ]g Wc``YWhYX" Id hc Zcif gYbgcfg WUb VY igYX Uh cbY h]aY UbX h\Y ib]h cZ aYUgifYaYbh WUb VY hc[[`YX"
H\Y 8UhUgYh HUV`Y H\Y 8UhUgYh HUV`Y g\ckg U`` h\Y l UbX m jU`iYg Zfca mcif dfYX]Wh]cbg UbX XUhUgYhg" Mci WUb acX]Zm \ck mcif dfYX]Wh]cbg UbX XUhUgYhg UfY X]gd`UmYX cb h\Y ;fUd\ ]bW`iX]b[ \]X]b[ gY`YWhYX dfYX]Wh]cbg UbX XUhUgYhg W\Ub[]b[ Wc`cfg d`ch ghm`Yg UbX#cf ib]h cZ aYUgifYaYbh" H\Y 8UhUgYh HUV`Y dfYgYbhg mcif dfYX]Wh]cbg UbX fYgi`hg biaYf]WU``m k\YfYUg h\Y ;fUd\ ]g h\Y j]giU` fYdfYgYbhUh]cb cZ h\Y gUaY XUhU"
**
8UhU @c[[]b[ :cif KUmg hc 8UhU @c[ H\YfY UfY Zcif kUmg mci WUb WUffm cih U XUhU `c[[]b[ YldYf]aYbh ig]b[ h\Y BLH Vf]W_ UbX h\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ k]bXck" H\Y aYh\cX mci W\ccgY XYdYbXYbh cb h\Y hmdY cZ YldYf]aYbh mci UfY WUffm]b[ cih UbX d\UgY h\Uh mci UfY ]b. dfYX]Wh]cb Wc``YWh]cb cf UbU`mg]g"
@]jY H\]g aYUbg h\Uh h\Y BLH UbX mcif WcadihYf UfY WcbbYWhYX h\fci[\cih U`` h\fYY d\UgYg cZ h\Y YldYf]aYbh h\ig YbUV`]b[ fYU`!h]aY ZYYXVUW_" H\Y ;fUd\ UbX 8UhUgYh HUV`Y k]`` dcdi`UhY k]h\ XUhU Ug h\Y YldYf]aYbh dfc[fYggYg"
FYachY H\]g aYUbg h\Uh h\Y BLH ]g bch WcbbYWhYX hc h\Y WcadihYf Xif]b[ h\Y Wc``YWh]cb d\UgY cZ h\Y YldYf]aYbh" H\Y BLH UbX mcif WcadihYf UfY WcbbYWhYX cb`m Xif]b[ WcbÑ[ifUh]cb cZ h\Y YldYf]aYbh" CbWY mci \UjY Xckb`cUXYX mcif YldYf]aYbh hc h\Y BLH Vf]W_ mci UfY fYUXm hc [c ]bhc h\Y ÑY`X hc Wc``YWh mcif XUhU" 8if]b[ U fYachY YldYf]aYbh XUhU ]g ghcfYX cb h\Y BLH UbX WUb VY id`cUXYX Zcf UbU`mg]g hc mcif WcadihYf Uh U `UhYf dc]bh"
BLH dfc[fUaa]b[ k]bXck H\]g aYUbg h\Uh mci WUb dfc[fUa h\Y BLH fcVch ]b h\Y BLH dfc[fUaa]b[ k]bXck ig]b[ h\Y GhUfh 8UhU @c[[]b[ UbX Ghcd 8UhU @c[[]b[ V`cW_g" 5 `c[ Ñ`Y ]g UihcaUh]WU``m WfYUhYX cb h\Y BLH Vf]W_ k\Yb mci fib h\Y dfc[fUa" Mci WUb ]adcfh h\Y `c[ Ñ`Y hc h\Y 8UhU @c[[]b[ k]bXck hc gYY ]h cb h\Y ;fUd\ UbX hc UbU`mnY h\Y XUhU"
BLH 8UhU`c[ H\]g aYUbg h\Uh h\Y BLH ]g bch WcbbYWhYX hc mcif WcadihYf" 7cbÑ[ifY UbX fib mcif YldYf]aYbh X]fYWh`m cb h\Y BLH Vf]W_ k]h\cih U WcadihYf" 5 `c[ Ñ`Y ]g WfYUhYX UihcaUh]WU``m cb h\Y BLH Vf]W_ k\Yb mci fib h\Y dfc[fUa" AiW\ `]_Y h\Y fYachY YldYf]aYbh XUhU ]g ghcfYX cb h\Y BLH Vf]W_ UbX WUb VY id`cUXYX Zcf UbU`mg]g hc mcif WcadihYf Uh U `UhYf dc]bh"
*+
8UhU @c[[]b[ Mcif :]fgh 8UhU @c[[]b[ 9ldYf]aYbh H\]g g]ad`Y dfc[fUa g\ckg mci \ck hc WcbÑ[ifY aU_Y U dfYX]Wh]cb UbX fib Ub YldYf]aYbh"
%
GhUfh h\Y gcZhkUfY cb mcif D7 cf AUW Vm XciV`Y!W`]W_]b[ h\Y dfc[fUa ]Wcb"
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'
7`]W_ cb h\Y GYbgcf Xfcd!Xckb aYbi hc gY`YWh h\Y I`hfUgcb]W gYbgcf UbX h\Yb W`]W_ C?"
*,
8UhU @c[[]b[ Mcif :]fgh 8UhU @c[[]b[ 9ldYf]aYbh
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)
IgY h\Y dYbW]` Wifgcf hc XfUk mcif dfYX]Wh]cb cb h\Y ;fUd\"
*
AU_Y gifY mci hifb cb mcif BLH UbX WcbbYWh h\Y IG6 WUV`Y hc mcif WcadihYf UbX h\Y BLH" 7\YW_ h\Uh mcif BLH Vf]W_ ]g WcbbYWhYX hc h\Y BLH gcZhkUfY UbX h\Uh mcif BLH Vf]W_ ]g idXUhYX k]h\ h\Y `UhYgh ÑfakUfY gYY dU[Y ++ " Bck WcbbYWh h\Y I`hfUgcb]W gYbgcf hc Dcfh ("
*-
8UhU @c[[]b[ Mcif :]fgh 8UhU @c[[]b[ 9ldYf]aYbh +
,
-
@cWUhY h\Y 7cbhfc``Yf ]b h\Y `ckYf f][\h WcfbYf cZ h\Y ;fUd\ ]b h\Y BLH 8UhU @c[[]b[ k]bXck" 7`]W_ 8ckb`cUX UbX fib h\Y WYbhYf Vihhcb UbX kUhW\ k\Uh \UddYbg cb h\Y ;fUd\"
Mci \UjY bck fib mcif Ñfgh YldYf]aYbh UbX Wc``YWhYX mcif Ñfgh XUhUgYh"
Bck ]h ]g h]aY hc UbU`mnY mcif fYgi`hg" 7`]W_ cb 5bU`mg]g Hcc`g UbX W`]W_ cb Dc]bh cf GYWh]cb 5bU`mg]g" H\Yb XfU[ h\Y UbU`mg]g `]bYg hc h\Y f][\h UbX `YZh"
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+)
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+*
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++
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