TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter From the Editors………….…………………………...Pg. 3 Advertisement………………………………………………....Pg. 4 Letter to the Editors………………….…………………….....Pg. 5-8 Briefing………………………………………………………....Pg. 9 Advertisement………………………………………………….Pg. 10 Article: World…………………………………………………..Pg. 11 Advertisement………………………………………………....Pg. 12 Article: Today's Society……………………………………….Pg. 13 Article: Economy………………………………………………Pg. 14 Advertisement……………………………………………..…..Pg. 15 Feature Article: Harlem Renaissance………………....…....Pg. 16-17 Advertisement………………………………………………….Pg. 18 Article: Entertainment…………………………………………Pg. 19 Article: Sports………………………………………………….Pg. 20 Advertisement………………………………………………….Pg. 21 Ten Questions………………………………………………….Pg. 22 Bibliography……………………………………………………Pg. 23-24
Letter From the Editors Most people see the 1920’s as the greatest time to live in. People are deciding to live in the cities because of the new jobs and the new way of living. New music and entertainment has made a huge impact in American’s lives. A boom in the economy is making everyone want the newest, most popular items. Henry Ford’s assembly line formed a new and faster way of engineering. Cars were made faster, cheaper, and more efficient. Almost every American family has purchased a new car, with help from credit.
Our feature article, this month, is on the Harlem Renaissance. In this article you will read about how African American’s life changed entirely from the influence of art, literature, and music. Jazz has been introduced by the African Americans and everyone has been listening to it. Freedom is represented in almost everything they create. That has been making everyone happy and everyone dances to the music. Sincerely,
This magazine will talk about how lives are drastically changing in the twenties. African Americans, and women gained more rights and are being recognized more for the talent they have. More jobs are offered for the women and they now have more freedom. African Americans are beginning to have their own voice in almost everything. Life is good. People know now that life for women and African Americans will only continue to get better.
Hayden Holst and Sydney Allen
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Rural VS. Urban
Dear Editor,
Dear Editor,
I really enjoyed your article over rural life. Why would you want your children to grow up in the city when they can grow up on the farm? Growing up in the city causes children to become rebellious and often they get into a pinch (be arrested). When boys and girls were introduced to the city, they started dating younger and were tempted to do other things. Education and family were no longer the priority. Who would want to live in the trashy city anyways ? Out on the farm, the venue is beautiful and you don’t have flappers running around on the streets causing trouble. Farming is hard work, but it definitely pays off when you have such a great and loving family. We should take advantage of the beautiful farmland and live rural lives.
I agree! The growth of urbanization is the bee's knees! Now days New York City is the biggest city in the country! The way the steel industry is improving is the cat's meow! I don't know of anything growing faster than the urban area and boy is it wonderful! Magazines and newspaper stands are getting lots of dough. Though the rural economy seems to be making a couple of clams. Automobiles are copacetic, no more tiring out the dogs! Though, the radio comes in close second. Those steamboats and railroads sure are developing quickly. I remember a couple years ago we were relying on the bodies of water like the Hudson River Valley and the Erie Canal for transportation, communication, and a way to send resources. There's so much action and entertainment in the city. Whether you want to go out and whoopee or just get a hair of the dog. Once you experience it, I promise you, you'll never want to leave! You could watch flappers dance or even go to a film with sound! I believe living in the city is the best way to live. I don't know why anyone would chose to live anywhere but the city.
Sincerely, Hayden Holst
Sincerely, Josie Anderson
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Wets VS. Dry Dear editor, The article over the wets and prohibition really interested me. They are like the cat’s pajamas. Until the 18th Amendment was passed starting prohibition, banning the sale of liquor. That’s when everything fell apart. The dry’s, people that believe prohibition is right, thought that everything was perfect. While the wets, people who don’t like prohibition at all, want to get rid of prohibition. There seemed to be more crime and violence when liquor was banned, and I agree that it was just blaah. There are many speakeasies, nightclubs operated in secret, rundown, and behind doors selling alcohol. This makes people feel unsafe in the cities, and makes people want to stop prohibition even more. Temperance groups want to ban alcohol because of the effects alcoholism have on family life, mortality, traditional values, and individual health. Even though that is nothing like the frog’s eyebrows, prohibition has to stop. Homemade alcohol is becoming more common and is very dangerous. Because people want to drink alcohol, they make their own with grain alcohol and flavorings, they also use denatured alcohol, a form of ethanol. Many are dying from drinking this homemade alcohol. Everyone is finally seeing that prohibition is causing more trouble than before so the 19th Amendment was passed that completely took over the 18th Amendment and that made everyone happy again.
Sin cerely, Sydney Allen
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Youth VS. Adults Dear editor, Youths today are are limited to do things they want because of adults. They should be able to do what they want without having people to tell them what to do. Ever since women were given the right to vote, young woman are pushing their boundaries and they are taking the spot alongside men. Girls are now wearing short skirts, cloche hats, silk stockings, fake jewelry and bobbing their hair to look broosky. Woman these days are smoking smoke to symbolize their freedom, and drinking has become an appealing game to them. Young independent woman are starting to rebel against traditions. Flappers or example, are rebels, they think of themselves as open flirtatious and sexual. They represent a challenge to older attitudes. After World War 1 changes have been made in society and around the world. Woman have now appeared in advertisements dangling a long cigarette holders from gloved hands. Sincerely, Cailyn Morgan
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Religion VS. Science Dear Editor, I believe your last article about Charles Darwin’s theory being true is way off. Although the evolution of science is a creative idea, there’s just no way it could be true. Charles Darwin’s theory states that humans morphed from monkey to man, if that is true, then why aren’t monkeys still forming into humans? Also where did the monkeys come from? I do, however, think that states should not forbid schools to not teach Charles Darwin’s theory they should be sure to state that Darwin’s theory is only a theory and incorrect. Sincerely, Laurel Kelley
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Briefing ● “The Roaring Twenties” ● Dancing evolves with jazz and blues ● Crafts are popular activity in winter for mother and daughter ● Vintage hairstyles like finger waving and the Marcel ● 3 out of 4 cars bought on installment plans ● Georgian and Colonial style interior ● “Pleasure was the color of time”
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World By: Laurel Kelley After World War one many issues broke out, money issues with Germany, isolationism, world peace, and tariffs. After World War one there were money issues between countries. Germany still had to pay the U.S back for the loans they gave them during the war. Unfortunately Germany could not pay the U.S back. That’s when Dawes plan came to the rescue. His plan was a solution to the debt crisis. American banks would loan money to Germany and then Germany would use that money to pay reparations to Britain and France. They would repay what they owed american lenders. The flow of Dawes plan worked for awhile but the plan ended up increasing the amount of money Germany owed the United States. A punitive tariff actually helped the U.S instead of hurting the U.S. The tariff produced a huge budgetary surplus. The tariff was bad for Europeans and former allies of the U.S; Britain, France, Italy, and Belgium. The near complete exclusion of European goods acted as a short-term boost to American industry. All countries were unable to pay off their debts to the U.S.
Isolationism was also an issue. World War one had left americans yearning for withdrawal from international affairs. Isolationists attitudes had been strong in the senate, but Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover were not isolationists. They recognized that foreign trade connected american farmers and business people to the rest of the world. President Monroe doctrine was an isolationist. He stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to all future European colonization. Also, he promised that the U.S. would not interfere in the internal affairs of Europe, nor engage in any wars between European countries. U.S asserting domination over the entire hemisphere, expressed a belief that could not be expressed militarily at the time. Monroe's statements confirmed the United States toward isolationism.
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Today’s Society By: Josie Anderson
Social and political changes are changing areas all over. Citizens crowd the streets of cities. Be ready for anything, as the unfamiliar consumer society grows larger. Supreme Court passes the 18th Amendment. As of 1/16/1920 the drinking and sale of alcohol is banned from the United states. Breweries, distillers, winemakers, wholesale sellers, and saloons are no longer able to be in business. The supporters of this Amendment are industry leaders, Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie. They believe it will better the citizens. Recently cities have been a goal for many groups of immigrants from Europe. The Japanese and Indian immigrants strive to live in the West in need of good farm land. A Quota System has been established to limit immigrants from non protestant countries like, South Europe, Russia, Eastern Central and Asia. National Origins Act turns 3% of immigrants from each country to 2%. The KKK added Catholics, Jews, and, Radicals as objectives of intolerance. They have been reborn in Atlanta, Georgia and has up to four million members out of all 48 states. It’s been discovered that they are attacking foreign citizens at night, the attacks consist of, whipping, kidnapping, cross burning, setting fires, and murder.
Women are becoming more independent after the recent WWI. They are showing up on magazines, newspapers, etc. Women have recently gained the right to vote. They now have much more free time and work short hours. They are breaking tradition and are changing the face of society. Speaking of women breaking tradition. This group of women are doing what they want, enjoying the same freedom as men, and changing traditional behaviors. These women are called flappers. They’re short haired, young, thin, and they cover the pages of magazines. They dance the Charleston, show affection in public, and drive fast cars. It’s all about fun. Entertainment through the cities is developing quicker each year. There’s never a dull moment, you always have something to do whether it’s watching dancers or watching movies with sound, to sports and Broadway. There's even a Harlem section of New York called the Harlem Renaissance. A place where African Americans gather, to experience African American style of literature, music, poetry, dance, and painting.
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Economy By: Hayden Holst
It’s the 1920’s and the economy is booming. We always want the newest and coolest inventions and we want them now. We will do whatever it takes to keep up with the purchases of our neighbors. Companies continue to make new products, and consumers keep buying. One great boost the economy is being affected by is the Automobile Industry. It all started when Henry Ford created the Assembly Line. The Assembly Line is a technique used to produce an item more efficiently. In 1910, less than 200,000 cars were built and only the wealthy could afford them, but with the new assembly line,The the production time for a car was cut from 14 to 6 hours. A new car is rolling off Ford's lot every 10 seconds. Henry Ford is making his cars more affordable and cut his sale prices down a whopping $660! You now didn't have to be loaded with jack (money) to purchase a car. Ford also more than doubled his workers pay.
Henry Ford and his first automobile
By the year 1929, at least half of American families owned a car, and by 1930, Ford had produced more than 20 million cars. The Automobile industry isn’t just booming, it is fueling growth in many other industries too. Now that people have cars, they need somewhere to go. Highways, restaurants, and hotels were now becoming popular. Advertising is a big part of the economy. Advertisements are making you think about things you've never thought about before. It makes things look fun and useful so us consumers will buy the product. Signs with advertisements are popping up everywhere, and it caused people to consume more and more.
Assembly Line 14
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Be as free as a flapper with Luckies!
"It's Toasted!"
Harlem Renaissance and The Jazz Age The Harlem Renaissance is one of the most exciting times in the twenties. Renaissance means revival or rebirth. It’s full of new musics, arts, and literature. It’s a period of extreme changes to society. Harlem is a place for African Americans to gather and encourage each other, by whites, it is known as The Harlem Renaissance. African American style of music, literature, poetry, writing, and all arts, emerge together. These arts flourished through Harlem, centered around Harlem, New York. WWI just recently ended and the Great Migration, the movement of millions of African Americans, is crowding cities.
They all moved from the rural south to the cities and have claimed Harlem as their new home. They were looking for jobs in the industries. By now, 200,000 African Americans have already migrated to the north. There are also famous artists like, Aaron Douglas, Lois Mailou Jones, and Jacob Lawrence. African Americans are encouraged to celebrate their heritage, art is one of the ways to do so. Aaron Douglas paints murals for public buildings. His murals are often based off of African American life earlier before, and how they got to freedom. Lois Mailou Jones was awarded many prizes for her artwork. Jacob Lawrence was the first mainstream African American artist.
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His art is often based on African American history to teach young children about it in his paintings. Poetry and literature is also something us Americans love in the twenties. Claude Mckay, James Weldon Johnson, and Langston Hughes are the most famous poets/ writers. Langston Hughes is one of the most well-known poets of blackAmerican history.His poems expressed the common experiences of the culture of black people, for which he is most remembered. James Weldon Johnson wrote poetry and literature. He joined the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1920, and that got him interested in African American folk tradition. Zora Neale Hurston has always been interested in writing. She published a handful of stories as well as a novel. Her main goal is to celebrate African American culture. Jazz is making an appearance through many cities. Jazz has an increasing audience and is drawing more people to the cities. African Americans come to watch the musicians like, Bessie Smith, Duke Ellington, George Gershwin, Louis Armstrong, and Jelly Roll Morton.
The Cotton Club is one of the most famous African American clubs located in Harlem, New York. It is now owned by Owney Madden. There are featured women dancing in costumes. Where famous musicians play, like George Gershwin. The Harlem Renaissance is significant because it is one of the first times so far that African Americans can feel free to do anything. They can share their culture in many different ways such as music, art, and literature. Everyone enjoys it.
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Entertainment By: Sydney Allen
Everyone loves entertainment in the twenties. Music is just one of the main types of entertainment. Jazz is the upbeat most common form of music nowadays. Everyone dances to the music with joy. Jazz has an increasing audience and its real voice. Blues is the most crucial element in jazz’s development. But blues provides a source of inspiration and fundamental character to jazz. Radios help share jazz with everyone. It exposes everyone to the same type of music. It also gives common and immediate awareness of important events. Almost everyone bought a radio once they went out in stores. Another form of entertainment is movies/films. Most movies are based off of role models and common culture heroes. Pleasures, conveniences, and status symbols of the wealthy are presented in films. The most glamorous celebrities are the movie stars. The moviemakers try to keep the stars anonymous.
The Jazz Kings, a famous jazz band.
That became very hard, so that was when they realized that the big names would make big money. They finally let the celebrities names out. Everyone, because of the magazines and newspapers, know about the celebrities. Everyone talks about them as though they are neighbors. The top movie personalities, known by everyone, are the cowboys, vamps, flappers, comedians, cops, robbers, and swashbucklers. Movies are a big hit. Entertainment has had a huge impact on Americans’ lives. Hopefully it will stay the same in the future.
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Sports
Spectator Sports becoming the bee’s knees of the 1920s By: Cailyn Morgan
Sports today, such as, basketball, football, boxing and wrestling have became the spectator sports for modern americans. Spectator sports have resulted in many Americans being free to pursue interests beyond work. Mass media has helped raise americans public interests in sports. Americans have spent about one fourth of their national income on play and recreation, some of the money has even gone to spectator sports. in the past years, the light of publicity had never shone so brightly on sports figures. Now Americans want to know everything about their favorites. Professional baseball and football teams are attracting more and more legions of loyal fans every game, as well as wrestling and boxing. In the world of baseball, America's most loved athletes, the one and only, baseball’s greatest slugger, Babe Ruth. He is one of the first players elected to the national baseball Hall Of Fame, and today, is the property of the new york yankees. In New York on September 30th Ruth hit his 60th homer of the season, creating a new major league record. Ruth has attracted many fans to the Yankee Stadium and has made the game of baseball more exciting by making homeruns a common part of the game. One of the greatest all-around athletes in the century is Jim Thorpe, starting his career as an outstanding football player, Thorpe has also won fame as an olympic track and field champion. He has now become the first president of the NFL. He plays professional baseball and football.
Woman have also made their mark on sports. Gertrude Ederle is the first woman to swim the English Channel. She has broken national and world swimming records as a part of her daily basis. “Trudy Ederle” has helped further the cause of women's athletics. As a result to her swimming her hearing has become impaired, After her channel swim, Ederle made a profitable tour on the vaudeville circuit, giving swimming demonstrations.
Helen Wills, also known as “Little miss poker face” is one of the top tennis players in America. She hit the ball harder than any woman she faced. Shes won 19 grand slam singles. As she often practiced with men and she often refuses to play in impractal long skirts. Wills has earned both French and Wimbeldon titles, including 8 wins at Wimbeldon. During her correr wills has won the first single U.S championship and continued to win 6 more. These spectator sports today have influenced american citizens lives and the variety of athletes are seen as celebrities around the world.
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10 Questions By Cailyn Morgan
Louis Armstrong We are interviewing Louis Armstrong asking him about what what his life is like, instruments he plays, and what his favorite song to play is. First off, where are you from? “I am from the good ol’ New orleans Louisiana” says Armstrong. What instrument do you play? “The Trumpet” Why do you think so many people are intimidated by you? “Well, I’ve been known for being famous of my gravely voice,” he said “So i’d say my voice.” What is your favorite song to play? “hmmm, i'd have to say ‘Potato head blues’ because it has such a nice rhythm to it and it has such incredible high notes along with some swinging phrases” In your opinion, what is jazz to you? “If you have to ask what jazz is, you’ll never know.” Armstrong replied What do you think jazz music means to the people? “All music is folk music, I ain't never heard a horse sing a song” How much money do you get for your performances? is it worth all the shows? “Making money ain't nothing exciting to me. You might be able to buy a little better booze than the wino on the corner. But you get sick just like the next cat and when you die you're just as graveyard dead as he is.”
What do you do to prepare yourself before a show? do you have a routine? “I just sing to myself and picture myself on stage in front of the pippy crowd. Do you have a family? “Yes, actually i've been married 3 times. I recently married my wife Alpha Smith, whom I had been dating for about a decade” How do you feel as you're playing on stage? what are your emotions? “Im sort of in my own zone, I like to feel the music, be IN the music. it gives me such a relaxing feeling.”
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Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print. Yancey, Diane. Life during the Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2002. Print.
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The Jazz Age: The 20s. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life, 1998. Print. 23
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1992. New York: Columbia UP, 1995. Print. "History of the Roaring Twenties." : The Evolution of Twenties Dance Styles. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. "Lot 1 Books Tackan Elementary Library." Lot 1 Books Tackan Elementary Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition,
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Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. Laurel’s bib Chadwick, Bruce, and Austin Sarat. Infamous Trials. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. Print. Nardo, Don. The Scopes Trial. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1997. Print. Seymour, Gene. Jazz, the Great American Art. New York: Franklin Watts, 1995. Print. 24