TIMES
The Decade of Breaking The Rules
Table of Contents Letter from the Editors……...page 3
Modernists v. Traditionalist ….page 1617
one Letter from the Editor An article giving informations Letters to the Editor………....pages 5-7 about modernists and traditionalists Various letters to the letter written Entertainment Article………...page 19 from different people Briefing……………………...page 8
An article about entertainment in the 1920s
A page of facts, quotes, and pictures Sports Article………………...page 20 relating to the 1920s Politics article………………..page 10
An article about Sports in the 1920s
An article about politics in the 1920s 10 Questions………………….page 22 World Article…….. ………....page 11 An article about the World in the 1920s
10 questions about Zelda Sayre Bibliography………………….page 23
Society Article……………….page 13 An article about society in the 1920s Economy Article……………..page 14 An article about the economy in the 1920s 1
Letter From the Editor The twenties were a very monumental time for our country. Some people called it the Roaring Twenties because of all the new things that were added to the world. The twenties were filled with new inventions and new products. The things that were created gave people new ways of work and a new way of life. Women were finally getting the chance to leave their homes and participate in more activities. They were able to live their own lives and express themselves. The twenties is when flappers (women with no limits) were common to see around and be around.
Prohibition of alcohol was one of the most memorable things that happened in the twenties. It made people think about their lives and some people realized what the consequences of drinking and abusing alcohol are. The biggest change in the twenties was industrial growth. The industry grew large for most businesses including chain stores, piggly wiggly outlets, J.C. Penney, Kresge (Kmart). All of the nation should show thanks to the 1920’s, because without the Roaring Twenties we wouldn’t have most of the opportunities we have today.
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Busy
e f a C Bee
by Keirsten Jordan
“HEY YOU” Stop The Busy Bee And Get Your First Coffee Free & Fresh!!!
Letters to the Editor Dear Editor, I am writing in response to your article “The Worst Amendment Yet.” You are absolutely right the 18th amendment is unneeded. I strongly agree with your statement “prohibition has just led to more illegal activities,” because in my opinion it certainly has. A month ago my sister and I went out to a juice joint. All they had was bootleg alcohol and bathtub gin. My sister drank some bathtub gin, she got very sick, and it nearly killed her! If it weren’t for the 18th amendment there would be no reason for bathtub gin and my sister wouldn’t have almost died. I also read what you said about the drys, the people that don’t believe in the use of alcohol. I’m going to have to disagree with one thing you said about them. Not every single one of the “drys” is a wet blanket. I think they are right about how alcoholism causes crimes, violence and break ups of families. However I do agree with you on how they are wasting their time with still trying to convince society that alcohol is unhealthy and will lead to unhappiness considering first of all alcohol is used in medicine and second of all alcohol has given many people swell memories. Lastly I agree with what you said about how prohibition is unnecessary. It’s not like anybody acknowledges the 18th amendment. For heaven’s sake, the bulls don’t even agree with the 18th amendment! Isn’t it swell that the amendment states not to manufacture or buy liquor, it says nothing about the consumption of alcohol. Good thing we all had a year to stock up as much as we could while the amendment was being passed. My husband and I stocked our basements with 15 barrels of liquor. What were those congressmen thinking.
Dear Editor, I recently read your article over wets and drys over prohibition. You seemed to agree more with the wets, and I can see why, but I have to disagree. have several reasons that I disagree. During the time of the prohibition, the people that side with the wets seemed to think that if people were not allowed to drink, they would have a better life overall. They would be able to work harder, do more work, and provide for their families more. I can see why you would think this, but in my opinion it’s not all something that I agree with. Yes, I understand that some people drink a lot and on a regular basis, but not all people are like that. Most people drink every once in awhile and for enjoyment. I think that it is not fair to ban it for everyone, especially if you’re not abusing it, and drinking the right amount at the right time I also believe that even if you drink alcohol sometimes, you can still be a very hard worker and provide for your family. If you are not drinking while working or before, and are only doing it maybe one the weekend, or at dinner when you have most likely done all of the work for the day, you are still providing for your family and are making smart choice with your alcohol consumption. I think that the prohibition should not have happened for these reasons, and I think that it should never happen again. Sincerely, Jordan Christensen
Sincerely, Lilly Anderson
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Letters to the Editor Today's youth should have the freedom to everything they want. We shouldn't feel like we trapped. For being a young teen there are many flappers this people and you young women whose Showed they act through their clothing. I believe that it’s best for young teenagers to have the right in what they say this could be proposed for anything they say and have as much freedom while we’re still young. There were many modern families these families depended on the man to support for their families. Many women work outside of their homes because it gave them the opportunity to have their own money to spend on things for their self and their children without having the worry of being broke. Most family reflect on the modern world to show who is are as a family. Flappers fashion,style and makeup showed their rebellion of the traditional way they dress. Flappers clothing was clingy hemline up to the nice, bobbed hair, red bright lipstick, and smoking in public. many of the flappers didn’t care what others thought end said about them.They just wanted to be shows as living freely. This was shown from them kissing their boyfriends while they played music and going out on dates.without telling their parents. Many of the tabloids love to put young people in the newspaper TV shows as and even the radio the first ever what is the new york daily news and only went a range oh 1.25 mile. The tabloids changed the way of modern life.It was the new gossip. Sincerely, Keirsten Jordan
I’m writing in response to your article about the Monkey Trials and I wanted to say how wrong you are. The religious side is based on what the bible says which doesn’t have any proof behind it. While the Theory of Evolution, invented by Charles Darwin, has science to back it up. I think it is so silly that John Scopes was even put on trial. He was a science teacher who was teaching science, what is wrong with that? The way the whole trial went about seemed quite foolish to me. One day it was inside the courtroom and another day it was on the lawn! To me the Judge, Judge Raulston, seemed biased to the religious side. For he would start every day in court with a prayer. At the end poor Scopes had to pay up 100 clams, how sad is that. The only good thing that came out of the trials was what was happening outside of the courtroom. The people of the town gathered around and dressed up monkeys as humans. It was just the bee’s knees! Others sold bibles on street corners and set up booths where they preached passages from their bibles. Children played with toy monkeys, while the adults stood around with a cold soda pop waiting to hear what was going on with the trial. Sincerely, Madison Molina
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Letters to the Editor Dear Editor, I think the older generation are over reacting. Back in there day parents held their hands through dating experience. Now we should be trusted to date without our parents supervising. My parents are always bugging me about the clothes I wear. They say showing my knees is inappropriate. I think knees are okay to show because everyone has them. I think kids should be trusted because they should trust that they raised a responsible person. parents should let their kids go on dates or have a boyfriend because the main thing about dating is to have fun. kids would like to go on dates without worrying what their parents think. It’s harder to hold us back because transportation like cars. Cars helps us escape. magazines and movies show us how fun life can be. The world is different from when you grew up. We don’t want to have to miss out on opportunities because our parents are worried. Sincerely, Shay Dixon
Dear Editor, I cannot believe people are still living the “traditional” way out in the country. When our country truly lies in the cities of America. Your latest edition I truly believed grabbed the attention of me and many other Americans across the nation. Your edition explained that where opportunity and a better life lies in the city, where urban life is thriving. More and more are flocking to the urban cities searching for a new life, opportunities, or just to experience something new. Urban areas provide a new way of transportation such as cars, trucks, waterways, and railroads rather than a silly old horse and buggy. What would you rather prefer? In rural areas they rely on tractors and mechanical power which has declined and so has the population of people living in those areas because the new and approved way of life in the cities. The city also provides a wide range of services on a larger scale. The urban society also brought to the table a large variety of organizations, new ways of entertainment, and improved ways to experience sports. Now honestly where would you want to spend the rest of your life? Living traditional or innovatively? Come and experience the new way to live its bees knees. Sin cerely, Ain sley Kellogg
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Briefing “Adventure is worthwhile in itself.” - Amelia Earhart
In 1927, Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs
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tha e r o sm o i d a R lion l i m “Every strike brings 12 lds o h e s me closer to the next hou home run.” - Babe Ruth
The Ford Model T cost just $260
“If you have to ask
what jazz is, you'll never know.” - Louis Armstrong
From 1 908 t o 1927 “If you want to make over 1 5 milli enemies, try to change on M odel T something.” autom - Woodrow obile s w ere sol Wilson d
“It's a long old road, but I know I'm gonna find the end.” - Bessie Smith 7
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Politics By: Ainsley Kellogg
After the Great Depression and World War I the nation then turned mainly to the Federal Government for support because everything was hectic financially . In the 1920s, most Americans endorsed Republicans. Because they were known to cut taxes and their commitment to a minimal government and pro-business economics.Om otherhand, Republicans did ignore the agriculture’s call for Federal Government assistance which held largest economy at the time. The issues of prohibition were the consumption of alcoholic beverages, immigration restrictions, and whether or not to teach the theory of evolution students, race relations, and the Klu Klux Klan. Prohibition was a political controversy which intensified the cultural divide. Prohibition actually caused a rise in crime on the street; the demand for alcohol went up also. It was eventually repealed in the dark times of the 1930s.
Ohio Gang
Coolidge was truly “silent but deadly”. He ran a low-key campaign for general principals and economy in the government. Coolidge was silent; he ignored both sides and ended out coming on top with 382 electoral votes and 52% for popular vote. He was located in the middle of the political spectrum. His plan was to cut taxes by reducing corporate taxes, income taxes, and inheritance taxes. Also to eliminate unnecessary spending even in The White House. Warren Harding, the 29th President of the United States had won the republican nomination for president in 1920. He dominated in electoral and popular vote. His main goal for the country was to return the U.S. back to Normalcy after World War I. Harding rejected the previous president Woodrow Wilson’s ambitious social reforms. Also he rejected heroism in 9 favor of heroism.
Immigration Post WWI By: Shay Dixon
The United States wants to limit immigration after WWI. In addition to this the United States wants to be isolated after WWI. The United States wants to be isolated from Europe because they want to avoid conflict while focusing on problems in the United States. The United states wants to end immigration because workers are worried that they would take their jobs. Along with the workers the employers support immigration restriction. The employers want their workers to be American more than they wanted them to work for cheap.
The brand new quota system will limit the number of immigrants for each country. The quota system was created by the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921. This is not meant to be permanent only until Congress is able to study immigration more. Limiting immigration is something the United States has increased after the end of the war. Due to this less immigrants have been coming and taking our jobs. The United States is waiting on Congress to bring the new studies out which will possibly change immigration laws.
Another reason that the United States wants to end immigration is because of nativism. Nativists fears that the immigrants will never become 100 percent American. Many people believe that if there were less immigrants that it would reduce ethnic conflicts.
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Best candy bar money can buy!!
Society Article By: Madison Molina
America had become the golden beacon for immigrants. They could come to america to get good jobs, to start a family, be able to practice whatever religion they pleased, and so much more. But after years of people coming into America, it started to get over populated. The government passed several laws limiting the amount of immigrants allowed into the country per year. As America started to become more diverse with its’ citizens, some people were not ready to be accepting to the new and different people coming in. One of most popular racist groups was the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK started in 1865 but was revitalized in the 20s and spread throughout the country. They were notoriously known to dislike african americans, but they also were prejudiced against Jews, Catholics, radicals, and immigrants. Their goal was to unite all of the white native-born american citizens and to maintain the rights, principles, and ideals of what they thought to believe was pure americanism. At their prime time, there were over four million members and it grew especially in rural areas and small towns.
Even though the KKK were proud in what they were doing they wanted to keep an illusion of secrecy. They would wear white robes and hoods to conceal their identities. They would also only attack at night, surprising their victims. Once they had their victims they would beat and lynch them and they would also burn crosses to intimidate them. The Klan also started to show up in politics more. They weren’t democrats nor republicans but they would donate to candidates that supported the same ideals that they had. Members were elected to city councils in some states and sided with republicans on certain subjects, such as prohibition. The leaders of the KKK turned it into a business like organization. They would pay people to recruit new members and put up an initiation fee. Most of their members were protestant ministers and they took on a more religious stance, saying what they were doing was in the name of god. The klan noticed that divorce, adultery, criminal gangs, and drinking were starting to occur more, and thought that they had to stop it or the kind of America they thought should exist would slip away. They believed that in order to have pure americanism, America needed to purify politics, and strongly enforce prohibition. By the end of the 20s people started to notice that what the Ku Klux Klan was not helping America and membership started to go down; some states even began taking steps to limit the Klan’s activities.
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Consumer Economy In the 1920’s credit was a big deal. Credit made it possible for all people to buy what they needed and wanted without having to pay right away. For a single-income family, not much was affordable. But retailers wanted the consumer to have it all. Many department stores opened lines of credit for those that couldn't make a payment on something right away but could in the future. Over half of the world's automobiles were sold on credit in the 20’ s. By the end of the 1920’s household work was revolutionized. A typical week for a house wife in the 20’s was packed with exhausting chores. Housewives had to move their furniture around to lift the rugs off the ground. After they rolled the rugs up they had to go outside and beat a week's worth of dirt and dust them. The ice in the iceboxes had to be replaced weekly, and the water pan that was placed underneath the icebox had to be repeatedly changed. Clothes were scrubbed in tubs with a wash board. Then the clothes were smoothed out with an iron that was heated on a stove. Few of these chores weren't necessary by the end of the decade. Vacuum cleaners replaced carpet beaters. Electric refrigerators, washing machines, and irons saved hours of extra work. The hours saved in household work were countless.
Henry Ford was an automobile manufacturer who exploited the idea of the assembly line to build his vehicles more cheaply. An assembly line is an arrangement of workers and tasks in a factory that is setup to make, or assemble, products as quickly as possible. Each worker in the line has his or her own task that he or she performs over and over again on product after product. Henry Ford’s assembly line made it faster to build automobiles. Henry Ford invented the first automobile that many middle class Americans could afford. Ford lowered cost of all vehicles that he sold, he also gave more money to his workers than what would be expected.
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Modernists vs. Traditionalists Bobbed hair, short dresses, pearl necklaces, more makeup. All of these things became popular for women in the 1920s. But not everyone jumped on the bandwagon; adults were worried that the youth were going to be the end of America as they knew it. The 1920s was known as the modern age because the youth was beginning to change their ways. They wanted to challenge and break the rules that their elders had put in place. America was now made up of two groups, the traditionalists and the modernists. The traditionalists were people who had respect for old cultural and religious values. While modernists were the people who embraced new ideas and trends. Young modernist women also went by the name flappers. Flappers went beyond the stereotypical ideas that american females were expected to follow. They started to cut their hair shorter, went out a lot more, smoked cigarettes in public and drank alcohol. They also changed the way they dressed, and changed how they dated men and the way they viewed courtships. Flappers modified the way women looked and the way the acted forever. Their changes gave them a better sense of freedom and opportunity.
The culture and social attitude was shaped by magazines, newspapers, and tabloids.They communicated ideas and new discoveries. Tabloids were brand new and held juicy gossip with shocking stories. The 1st Tabloid was the New York Daily Jazz in the 20th century grew from a combination of African rhythms, European Harmonies, African American folk music, with the addition of the 19th century instruments. At the turn of the 20th century all of these forms were mixed and then grew into blues and ragtimes. Ragtime is used to make the music more pippy, while the blues were often about loneliness or sorrow. Jazz combined the upbeat tempo of ragtime with the deep feelings of the blues. Jazz was born in New Orleans, then eventually it was brought up north by boat.
As a fun pastime the youth enjoyed to go dancing. Popular dances were the charleston and the black bottom. They would go out at night to dance clubs and would often have a few drinks and dance with friends.
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Modernists vs. Traditionalists While the youth were out having fun, Traditionalists were trying to hold onto the America they knew. The adults were scared that the youth was going to ruin all of the hard work they put into the country. All they saw them doing was going out and partying instead of what they were doing at that age. When traditionalists were younger they were settling down with their spouses and starting a family.
The clash between the youth and adults was significant because it showed that America was changing in many ways. The country as it everyone knew it would no longer exist and a new age of breaking boundaries was coming.
The traditionalists tried to control the youth in anyway they could. They would censor movies, or examine the movies and suppress the unacceptable parts. They also made laws that made prevented women from wearing immodest clothes in public. Police would also measure women’s hem lines to make sure that they ended 6 inches or less above the knee. The youth not only changed the way they behaved in the 1920s, they also changed the way that they ate. Traditional households made food from scratch. However, modernists, ate package frozen food because it was convenient for them. The package frozen food were premade and ready to heat in five minutes or less. they also like this quick food because it was quick and easy so they can finish enjoying the nightlife. This made it easy because it let them have more time in their day to do more things without the worry of being hungry. Popular food brands were wonder bread, welch's grape jelly, kool-aid, and little debbie food productions.
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Entertainment In the 1920s, entertainment was huge. Different kinds of entertainment were starting to become well known throughout the country. It was becoming part of peoples everyday lives. One of the first big things that shaped entertainment was commercial radio. Frank Conrad started running a radio station in his home in Pittsburgh. Citizens of Pittsburgh then began to learn to make radios that they could use to listen. During the prohibition, commercial radio was banned until the prohibition was lifted. Another part of entertainment was jazz music. Jelly Roll Martin and King Oliver were some of the very first jazz artists. King Oliver ended up moving to Chicago to keep his music career going. Louis Armstrong joined him there and together they were very successful. Creating and designing large buildings and skyscrapers became something that everyone seemed to love and be involved in. By the end of the 1920s, the New York skyline was all coming together. They began to work on the Empire State Building toward the end of 1929. The skyline seemed to be taking the attention off of the Statue of Liberty, and putting it on itself.
Silent Pictures took over the 20s like crazy. A silent picture was a movie, but with no sound. The movie attendance continued to grow very fast year by year. By 1922, the movie attendance was 20 million. Red carpets began to become something that everyone enjoyed going to and were a big deal. Costs for red carpets reached $100,000. The very first Miss America competition took place on September 7th, 1921. This competition lasted two full days and included several different kinds of categories. The first person to with was Margaret Gorman.
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Sports In The 1920’s by Keirsten Jordan Charles W. Paddock(1900-1943) he was a track star and was the most fastest man in the u.s during the 1920’s he won the gold medal for the 100 meter dash in 9.6 seconds charles was one of the biggest star people came to see him from around the world.these were the people in their field. The last group of famous athletes where Alfes Jochie(1903-1991) and harold red grange dominated the national competition of the second half.He won AAU all around the world and was the only male gymnast the win a national title in the on every apparatus in this sport.It was a part of the best club in the world.(The Swish Club) the athlete was Harold Red Grange. he was the leading rusher from 1923 to 1925.He is an all around the world football player. during the 1920’s he had done a 95 yard kick off rutern and thou a 18 yard touch pass and won a 39 to 14 all star game.He is know as a galloping ghost.
In the 1920’s was one if the many attractions .this also gave the 20’s a big history moments for athletes who played sports.one was Babe Ruth.He was the first black african amaricans to paly in the MBL (major baseball leage).millons of fans came to see him paly from all around the world and other athletes aslo like Helen willls. She was the top tennis player for straight 8 years.Wills was already reserved,steady and ready. While lenglen was going down hill helen was coming and staying up on top of her game raking over to she made it to a tour of professor tennis player. there were a lot of swimmer and track stars but there was only two famous athletes was known in history. Etheldai Bebtey(1902-1978) was the first female dominant swimmer in the world during the twenties she ranges from a 100 meters to 3 miles,the 18 year old was a major superstar.She does 100 freestyles,300 meters and 400X100 meter freestyle during the 1920’s she won even race she entered.
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10 Questions
Zelda Sayre
Did you break the rules as a teenager? “I guess you could say that, I would smoke cigarettes, and hang out with boys a lot longer than other girls would. I would draw lots of attention to myself.” When did you meet your husband, Frederick Fitzgerald? “Ah, I met my husband in 1918." How would you describe yourself? "a lot of people say I'm the first flapper and I would agree with that. I'm independent and I don't like to follow the rules." People say your husband based some of his characters on you, is that true? "I can see why people would say that, but I can't really say." Is writing your ideal job? "I love writing and dream of being successful, but my true passion is dancing. I hope to become a ballerina and I practice daily." What's a day like for you? "oh they are always different. some days I'm at hope writing or dancing and other days I'm out at parties." would you call yourself a female icon? "I don't know if I would saw I'm an icon but I believe women she be able to do anything a man can do. We should have as much freedom as we please."
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Bibliography Lily’s Bibliography Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. "About Us." About Us. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. Pietrusza, David. The Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1998. Print. Events That Shaped the Century. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life, 1998. Print.
Jordan’s Bibliography Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. Events That Shaped the Century. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life, 1998. Print. Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. "The Roaring Twenties (World History)." PaperBackSwap.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. Yancey, Diane. Art Deco. Detroit, MI: Lucent, 2011. Print.
Maddie’s Bibliography Florida Ku Klux Klan Members with a KKK Flag. Digital image. Floridamemory.com. N.p., n.d. Web. Florida Ku Klux Klan Members with a KKK Flag. Digital image. Floridamemory.com. N.p., n.d. Web. Hanson, Erica. "Society." The 1920s. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. N. pag. Print. Kallen, Stuart A. "Society." The Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2002. N. pag. Print. The Klan in Goose Creek. Digital image. Ourbaytown.com. N.p., n.d. Web. Style Icon: Zelda Fitzgerald. Digital image. Http://emilysgoldstandard.com/. N.p., n.d. Web.
Bibliography Ainsley’s Bibliography Baughman, Judith S. "AddALL.com - American Decades: 1920-1929 0810357240 9780810357242." AddALL.com American Decades: 1920-1929 0810357240 9780810357242. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. Hanson, Erica. "The 1920s." BetterWorldBooks.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print.
Keirsten’s Bibliography
Benson, Sonia, Nicolá s Kanellos, and Bryan Ryan. UXL Hispanic American Chronology. Detroit: UXL Thomson/Gale, 2003. Print. Benson, Sonia, Nicolá s Kanellos, and Bryan Ryan. UXL Hispanic American Chronology. Detroit: UXL Thomson/Gale, 2003. Print. Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. "Technological Advances from 1920 to 1940: Inventing the Future." Technological Advances from 1920 to 1940: Inventing the Future. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print. Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print.
Shay’s Bibliography Hart, Diane, and Bert Bower. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals. Rancho Cordova, CA: Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print. U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print.