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Table Of Contents Scoop 1: What is the “return to normalcy� promised by President Harding, and will it be good for America?...............................................................4
Scoop 2: Has deregulation under the Republican presidents benefitted America?...............................................5
Scoop 3: Have the foreign policy goals of the Republican presidents made America safer, and is war over?....................7
Scoop 4: Have the Republican presidents gone too far to combat the Red Scare?.............................................................9, 11
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Have the Republican Era Presidents of the 1920’s been Effective? By Maggie, Olivia, Cora, Tessa and Abby The republican presidents of the 1920s were effective in their plans for the United States. They were especially effective in deregulating America. In 1920, President Harding was elected. He was the first of three republican presidents in the 20s who helped get America out of its war debt. President Harding, along with President Hoover and President Coolidge, helped boost America’s economy. President Harding ended the post-war recession, repealed taxes used in war, and saved the US at least a billion dollars at a time where the government spent about five billion dollars a year. President Coolidge cut taxes and worked toward making the government more budget-friendly. President Hoover introduced associationism, which unites industries for economic efficiency. With associationism, businesses are now able to merge faster and easier which makes it easier for them to offer a large range of products or services at lower prices. The lack of monopolies because of the recent anti-trust laws also made more competition in many industries. Competition encourages technological advancement, which we have seen a lot of in the past decade. Henry Ford developed the assembly line which increased production and lowered prices of automobiles.This change in the automobile industry changed the way Americans live. The republican presidents of the 1920s were effective in lowering taxes, boosting economy, and encouraging growth in industry.
The way the Republican presidents combated the red scare was very effective, their tactics were unreasonable. One way they tried to combat the red scare was with Palmer raids. Mitchell Palmer invaded innocent people’s homes who he considered a threat to rid communism in America. Another way that communism was combated was through deportation. The considered radicals were arrested and deported out of the country to a prison with harsh conditions. The idea of communism was a short term threat, but it caused anxiety throughout the U.S. Fortunately, the Republican presidents ended up wiping out communism for good, but with an unreasonable manner. The foreign policies did not help America in the 1920s. Even though the president passed the Kellogg Briand Pact, the pact did not help settle disagreements with peace. Germany stopped paying their payments which lead American bankers to make substantial loans. This did help stabilize germany and our allies, but it also limited the our access to American markets. When Charles Lindbergh flew to france, people thought America was farther away from the other countries. At the end of the flight, maps were changed and we found out that America was closer to the other countries. America felt threatened by being so close with the countries so much closer to the other countries. We even cut aviation in Japan. We stopped Japan from creating warfare and battle ships. America wants to be the strongest and more advanced military. America trying to return to normalcy was not good for America. The idea was to return America to what it was before the war but the opposite happened. There was an increase in crimes and more violence. New businesses were taken down and people’s opinions still didn’t matter. Citizens didn’t think their input ever had a part in decision making 3 for America because they’re always ignored. They’ve been promised things before that never
The Return to Normalcy What is the return to normalcy promised by president harding and will it be good for america? Maggie Friedhoff
Do you think it’s possible for a community to return to what it is after a war? That was a big question that was asked in the 1920s during Warren G. Harding's campaign. Many people didn’t think it was possible, because of how much had already changed. The return to normalcy meant returning america to what it was before the war, The idea of returning to normalcy worried people and didn’t impress them because at one point they were promised world peace that didn’t happen. Before and during the war, people's voices weren’t heard much and their opinions didn’t ever seem to They didn’t think their opinion or efforts on normalcy would matter since they didn’t matter before the war. What really happened with the return to normalcy isn’t what anyone had
in mind. It instead resulted in crimes, such as hijackings and robberies. There was an increase in violence, and taking down of new businesses. Although returning to normalcy was a good idea, it was not good for america and didn’t turn out the way that it was planned to turn out. Maybe instead of attempting to restore everything, they should have tried to make things better than they were and do what they can with what they currently had and building their way up.
Warren G. Harding: Return to Normalcy”
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Deregulation of the Twenties Has Deregulation Under Republican Presidents in the 1920’s Benefitted the United States? Olivia Barker The 20’s has been a decade of huge growth and prosperity for the United States. Republican presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover removed many rules and taxes, and this made it easier for citizens and businesses to flourish. This process is called deregulation. Deregulation under Republican presidents benefitted Americans. President Harding ended the post-war recession by repealing taxes put in place during the war. He saved the US about a billion dollars every year when, at the time, the government spent about 5 billion dollars every year. President Coolidge also cut taxes and President Hoover believed in uniting industries for economic efficiency. These presidents’ contributions lowered prices and unemployment rates. When the government backed out of business, businesses were more successful. Without overbearing regulations about how all businesses should be run, individual companies were competition for each other, which encouraged new technology. One example of this new technology is Henry Ford’s assembly line. Ford was able to make many more cars per hour than his competition, which lowered prices and sold more cars.
President Harding
Other car manufacturers saw this competition and had to find their own way to attract consumers. Businesses were also able to merge faster than in the progressive era. Merged businesses are able to provide a greater range of products and services at lower prices. This boom in economy made Americans very optimistic. Americans started investing in stocks with borrowed money, confident that stocks would continue to rise. In 1929, stocks started falling because of the increase of loans in the US. Since then, investment and product consumption has been dropping. This is causing lower industrial output and higher unemployment. People who lost money in the stock market crash were not able to get any money back. Although the crash hurt many people, it has taught us how to prepare and prevent another one and politicians are brainstorming ideas for how to prevent another big crash. Through Republican Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, Americans and their businesses prospered.
President Coolidge
President Hoover
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Trying to Restore Peace After the War Did the foreign policy goals of the republican presidents made america safer and is the war over? By Abigail Caylor
After the war, U.S. tried to restore the peace. Nothing seem to work. The 1920´s was the years to restore the peace after the war. Frank B. kellogg, the United States Secretary of States, made the Kellogg briand pact. The Kellogg briand pact is where we are supposed to settle international disputes with peace instead of war. To us, this pact is known as “the war to end all war” but this turn out to be a failure. On January 16, 1929 the U.S. military was ordered to build warships that cost about $274 million. If this pact was made to end war, then why did we make military ships? It sounds like we can't trust other countries. After the war, Germany is not paying their debts but we still make loans to Germany. Charles G. Dawes made a plan called the Dawes Plan to scale down the German payments. The American bankers are made to make a substantial loans to stabilize Germany and our other allies.
The U.S. is threatened by other countries. We think that our military is not powerful enough to fight back if we need to. When Charles Lindbergh flew to France from New York we started thinking that we are much closer to the other countries. If we're close to the other countries we are more vulnerable to attacks. The republican cut the Aviation Act to stop Japan from building battleships. We are living in fear from other countries because we thinks our military can not control them.
Charles Lindbergh
Charles G. Dawes
Frank B. Kellogg
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The Red Scare In the 1920’s Did the Republican Presidents of the 1920´s go too far to Combat the Red Scare? Cora Saunders In the 1920’s, the Republican presidents went too far to combat the Red Scare. I believe that Mitchell Palmer’s raids went too far. The Red Scare is the fear of Communism. The Republicans thought Communism was a threat to American Democracy. When the war was coming to an end the Bolsheviks had a Worldwide Revolution. The communists were trying to get rid of all private property, this was un-American like. On the other hand, some American citizens liked the Bolsheviks. In 1919, two Communist parties arose in the U.S. They were called the Communist party and the Communist Labor party. They were made from the more radical branch of the Socialist party. Socialists were looked at as unpatriotic. Many Socialist leaders were jailed. A group that supported the Bolsheviks were the “Wobblies”. Wobblies were not for the war. They brought lots of fear into the minds of the people.They planned a strike in Seattle and shut down the city for 2 days. There weren't that many people in the Wobblies but they still got their point across. In 1919, there was thirty-six bomb packages sent to political figures. At first, Mitchel Palmer did not worry about it, but then when a bomb was sent to his house he did. Then, Palmer started a campaign called “Palmer’s Reign of Terror”. This campaign led to raids and deportations.
Supposed radicals waiting to be deported.
This is a picture of Mitchell Palmer
Mitchell Palmer organized groups of people to go to homes and search for radicals or people who supported Communism. If they found anything that looked like they supported it, then they arrested them or deported them. In order to do the raids faster, he didn’t need arrest warrants. He also arrested people who didn’t have any proof they were a citizen. Palmer used the fear of radicals to get rid of the Industrial Workers of the World. Palmer Raids were trying to find the Communist people and radicals in the U.S. Palmer Raids were against civil liberties and basic rights. Palmer Raids took weapons, explosives, etc. from people who wanted to overthrow the government. Overall they arrested over 6,000 radicals. The Palmer Raids also deported immigrants. If the people got caught even subscribing to a magazine that looked like they supported communism they could be arrested. I believe his raids went too far trying to get rid of the radicals. The Red Scare was coming to a close as the primaries started. The Red Scare started to fade away and people started realizing the threat wasn't has big as they thought. Radicals started to think they should keep their thoughts about communism to themselves. Newspaper editors decided to give more space to advertisements and other exciting articles. Although, the Red Scare gave a lot of people fear, especially after the mail bombings, it was a short lived fear. However, people did not know that at the time. I feel that Mitchell Palmer’s raids went 9 too far, because they arrested and deported innocent people out of the country.
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How the Republican Presidents Ended The Red Scare in the U.S. Did the Republican Presidents of the 1920’s go too far to Combat the Red Scare? Tessa Miller
During the 1920’s, the current republican presidents were trying to combat the red scare too dramatically. The red scare was the fear of spread of communism. Many people became scared and wanted to avoid communism all together. The republican presidents tried everything they could to get rid of it. After the war, the Bolshevik’s group called a worldwide revolution and they targeted the United States. Once America found out about this, they did not agree with it at all. Some people from the United States even sided with what the Bolsheviks thought and they decided to form their own communist parties. They were called the workers of the world, or the Wobblies. They were anti-war but thought that violence would achieve their goals. Eventually, the Wobblies even organized a strike in Seattle and happened to shut down the city for two days. The United States found out about this and the American Protective league went to fight against the Bolsheviks after the war. People associated with the protective league published journals and essays that exposed them and more and more people found out, making them worry. Thirty-six bombs were sent to America and people we so afraid of what was going to happen next. Our presidents were not too upset about it, they were pretty calm until a bomb was sent to General A. Mitchell Palmer’s house individually. This sent a panic to the country.
To rid the United States of communism completely, Palmer ended up receiving 500,000 dollars from congress to fund the anti-radical campaign. He then hired Herbert Hoover, their future president, as head General Intelligence Division to destroy the radicals. This group went overboard trying to target all radicals. It started with raids. During his “reign of terror” as people called it, Palmer raided innocent people’s homes who he thought were a possible threat. Ending up targeting 4000 different people and arresting them, they sent them off the prison, which had conditions that were miserable. These people, American citizens who were being arrested without the proper evidence just because of the fear of the country. Palmer ended up deporting over 3000 aliens away from the country because they could be possible communists wanting to harm the country. The government did not have the right evidence against these people and they were only allowed to do so because the government wanted to get rid of the communist idea altogether and limit therepublican fear from the people. The presidents ended up going too far in combating the red scare. Raiding innocent people and sending them off to unsafe conditions because of their fear and protection of the United States is illegal.
American citizens protesting against communism
11 Mitchell A. Palmer
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