Ebony
By: Micah Frisbie, Briana Ervin, Catie Miller, and Lee Pettit
Table of Contents Editorial………………………………………………………....…...Page 3 Blacks Contributions to WW1 ………………………………..Pages 4 Jazz and How it is Changing American Music……………....Pages 5 -Cartoon………………………………………….Page 6 Harlem Renaissance and the contribution it made towards American Culture…………………………………………………………...Pages 7 -Cartoon………………………………………….Page 8 Back-to Africa Movement …………………………………...Page 9 -Cartoon………………………………………Page 10
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Editorial By Catie Miller, Briana Ervin, Micah Frisbie, and Lee Pettit
In this week's magazine our topic is what are some ways blacks are achieving success in the U.S. in the 1920s and in what ways are they still facing extreme hardships. On Page 4, you will read about the hardships Blacks faced after World War 1. On page 6, you will read about jazz and famous musicians (black and white) and how it changed American music. Also, how jazz parts of jazz were created.
You will learn about the culture of Harlem and American culture in many different ways, such as art, music, literature, and culture. Last, on page 10 you will read about the movement called “Back-to-Africa” movement. You will read about extreme hardships caused by the Ku Klux Klan, and the struggles of segregation. By the time you're done reading this you will known everything about African-American culture and how it impacted American culture.
Next, on page 8, we’ll talk about Harlem Renaissance and the contribution it made towards American music.
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Blacks Contributions to WW1 By Lee Pettit Despite their contributions to WW1, life was getting more dangerous in the South. The blacks contributions was the 369th, known as the “Harlem Hellfighters� fighting on the front lines, an all black regiment, and risking their lives to help the United States. The Ku Klux Klan has become more active in the South. They threatened Blacks lives by lynching and shooting and burning houses.
The segregation the was happening before the war was still happening. The way whites saw blacks was the same before and after the war. The KKK made blacks lives miserable. Sharecroppers borrowed money they could not repay. They went further into debt and they had no other options. Sharecropping also destroyed their quality of life.
The 369th Infantry Regiment
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Jazz By Catie Miller What is Jazz? Jazz is built up of improvisation, using brass and woodwind instruments, and creation of rhythm. It changed American music by becoming popular in the 1920s and is well known for keeping people up and on their feet. Blacks were successful by contributing to the development of jazz. There were a number of famous musicians like Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and George Gershwin. Louis Armstrong was born on August 4,1901 in New Orleans. In the 1920s Armstrong changed the assemble of nature of jazz and turned it into a soloist art. His nickname was “satchmo” because he had a big mouth. He played so loudly and so uniquely that he single handedly invented improvised solo. Louis Armstrong was famous for his extended trumpet solos. Duke Ellington was born on April 29,1899 in Washington D.C. He moved to New York from Washington D.C. to study art at the pratt institute. In 1988 he organized his own jazz band during the 1920s he performed regularly at Harlem's Hottest clubs.
His influence was tremendous as a pianist composer and conductor. Duke Ellington said of improvisation “it's like an act of murder; you play with intent to commit something.” Jazz traveled north from New Orleans with the Great Migration of African Americans in the 1910s. In early 1920s white musicians grabbed into jazz learning and borrowing from black jazz players Jazz bands were segregated . In the 1910s the black population in New York city more than doubled as a result of migration from the south. The dancers and musicians were african american but the patons were white George Gershwin was born on September 26, 1898 in Brooklyn, NY in 1898 at age 13 he started piano. George Gershwin blended jazz with classical musical pieces like Rhapsody in Blue.Created popular masterpieces/classical pieces in 1920s In conclusion, Jazz was a part of modern lifestyle and it was a place where people could play music, dance, and have fun. It made African Americans more interested into playing music. Black musicians were able to modernized American music.
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Harlem Renaissance By Micah Frisbie The Harlem Renaissance was the explosion of new culture in Harlem made up of art, literature, music, and theater. The Harlem Renaissance contributed to American culture in many different ways. Most African Americans really liked The Harlem Renaissance. Many African Americans migrated from the South to the North, many of the African Americans went to Harlem. Over 250,000 African Americans were living in Harlem at this time. Harlem became the most African American populated place in the country. Moving to Harlem gave African Americans a new feeling about being who they are. Unlike in the South, people in Harlem usually accepted them for who they were.
The Harlem Renaissance was the most influential time period for African Americans and to contribute in change in American culture. It gave African Americans a new kind of freedom that they didn’t have before in the South. Overall, the new type of culture contributed not just to African Americans but to everyone in the United States, in the new things that were available to them.
The culture in Harlem was mainly made up of music, theater, literature, and art. Poetry and writing had a great impact on the culture in Harlem. Poetry let people write about what they wanted to without being judged like you may be in other places. Music also had a great impact on the culture. There were many kinds of music in Harlem. Some were brought up North by African Americans. These may be Southern types of music or music from their origin country. The most influential music was jazz. Jazz let African Americans do what they wanted to in their own ways. Jazz created a new kind of culture not just through Harlem, through the whole country. This new culture brought whites and blacks together. This new kind of culture stayed in Harlem and grew there, then it expanded throughout the whole country. This was so important because unlike in the South, African American's got to experience a new kind of life where they could do what they wanted to freely. The Harlem Renaissance was the most influential period of time for African Americans in the United States.
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Back-to-Africa Movement By Briana Ervin Back-to- Where? Back-to-Africa! The Back-to-Africa Movement was to encourage those of African descent to return to the African homelands of their ancestors this movement was proposed by Marcus Garvey a political leader.
Blacks face many big things like huge trials being unfair or even something as simple as finding jobs. Finding jobs after WWII for African Americans was very difficult because people still racially discriminated African Americans. Racial discrimination was never really ended even when laws were enforced.
Certain laws groups, clubs and gatherings were made for African Americans so that their rights would be protected. An example the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was a group made to protect backs and their rights, in this groups people would fight for what they thought was right also in these groups they did things like journey trips to place, and many protests to all raise awareness to people everywhere. Marcus Garvey was an important man that shaped African Americans by creating something called the “Back-to-Africa Movement” this was a movement that would send the African Americans back to Africa . By doing this the African Americans would have gone back to their homelands and they would have the rights that they should have had in the first place. Marcus Garvey had over 2 million followers all supporting his plan to save the Africans and give them the rights that they deserve.
Many groups were formed to discriminate against African Americans. One main group that was made to discriminate African Americans was called the KKK or also known as the Ku Klux Klan. the KKK was a group of men and women who were against a wide variety of people but mainly against African Americans. In conclusion, the Back-To-Africa Movement was not the way to go for African AMericans in the United States. The blacks stood up for what was right and and the got what they deserved.
The African Americans have faced many unfair incidences in where they have been lied to also cheated off or have had bias opinion for certain events. For example there were two men with the names of Sacco and Vanzetti were falsely accused of a white man’s murder and there was no real evidence of them convicting the murder, the trial was heard all around but the trial was very bias towards the blacks which were the convicted murderers.
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Bibliography
https://www.emaze.com/@ACIICFLQ/Le-Harlem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Armstrong Catie: https://www.google.com/search?q=ebony&rlz=1C1FERN_enUS636US637&espv=2&biw=1 422&bih=682&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj25eL7tfzPAhXBwiYKHd9gB GMQ_AUIBygC#tbm=isch&q=1920+blacks+an&imgrc=_XUZHpLodkMBwM%3A https://www.google.com/search?q=ebony&rlz=1C1FERN_enUS636US637&espv=2&biw=1 422&bih=682&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj25eL7tfzPAhXBwiYKHd9gB GMQ_AUIBygC#tbm=isch&q=louis+armstrong&imgrc=W6tW3Qd6W51QkM%3A https://www.google.com/search?q=ebony&rlz=1C1FERN_enUS636US637&espv=2&biw=1 422&bih=682&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj25eL7tfzPAhXBwiYKHd9gB GMQ_AUIBygC#tbm=isch&q=cotton+club+1920&imgrc=I5woH4E3dUX-8M%3A https://www.google.com/search?q=ebony&rlz=1C1FERN_enUS636US637&espv=2&biw=1 422&bih=682&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj25eL7tfzPAhXBwiYKHd9gB GMQ_AUIBygC#tbm=isch&q=1920+blacks&imgrc=_XUZHpLodkMBwM%3A
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