2nd hour 1920's Gang

Time 1920’s: The Rise of Crime Feature Article: Crime vs.

Prohibition p.16-18

The Golden Age of Sports p.20 Politics p.10 Social Tensions Increasing p.13 Interview with the Babe p.22

Table Of Contents Letter From The Editor………………...3 Advertisment…………………………....4 Letter To The Editor…………………….5-7 Briefing…………………………………..8 Advertisment…………………………….9 Politics…………………………………..10 World…………………………………….11 Advertisment……………………………12 Society…………………………………..13 Economy………………………………..14 Advertisment…………………………...15 Feature Article………………………….16-18 Advertisment…………………………….19 Entertainment…………………………..20 Sports………………………..………….21 Advertisment…………………………...22 Interview………………………..……….23

Letter From the Editor The 1920s was a roaring time for America but not all of it was so glamorous.

The Prohibition law was a big crisis for Americans in the 1920s. This controversial law caused an uproar from citizens, each taking a side for or against prohibition.

People responded in calm and manor ways but simply following the law or secretly going to speakeasies to drink. But others, like several gangsters, who were involved in ways of getting alcohol, caused violence to themselves and others in the process.

Prohibition and the crime that came from it were big deals in the 1920s. There was also lots of protests because of this law that also cause violence as well.

The feature article later in this magazine will tell you all about Prohibition law and how and why it was an important issue for many people at the time and the entire Prohibition process and its effect on people in the 1920s. It will also talk about crime in the 1920s from prohibition and also not cause of prohibition. As well as the people who cause this crime and violence.

We gathered this information by researching from many different sites and books, but we also gathered information by going out the city and talking to everyday people and how this entire prohibition crisis has affected them. And what they think of the crisis as well and the problems associated with it.

Sincerely, Max Stevens and Lucas Holley

Protesters protesting the Prohibition law

Bugsy Moran, gangster from the 1920s

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Letter to the Editor Dear Editor, I disagree with you article. I don’t believe in the theory of evolution; that humans have evolved over millions and millions of years from animals such as monkeys. I dislike the British scientist Charles Darwin who developed this theory. I live in Dayton, Tennessee and strongly believe that John Scopes should be locked up for teaching this incorrect theory in a local school he is nothing but a Potato. What he did was against the state law which stated that the theory of evolution is illegal to teach in schools in Tennessee. The law was made in 1925 not to long ago and I strongly favor it. I don't like this committee the ACLU it is blaah that convinced him to teach the theory to go against the law they have been nothing but trouble since it was made. Most of the people around here are strong Christians including me, we believe that God created man not evolution. In the Bible which is berries it say that God created man in a single day. I strongly believe in everything the Bible says, and I am offended by what Mr. Scopes did. John Scopes the substitute teacher who decided to teach evolution shouldn’t have been released of charges, I don’t care if the first amendment of the constitution gives citizens the right to speak freely. If he wants to speak about this theory he can do it somewhere else not here in Tennessee.

Dear Editor, I believe that John Scopes should be allowed and everyone should be allowed to teach the theory of evolution and not everything has to be based on the Christian religion. The Trial know otherwise as “The Monkey Trial” was also not even true John Scopes didn't actually teach the theory of evolution.

Scopes was not protected by the first amendment either which is the right of speech. Also state laws cannot override a federal law. I think the Trial was all one big mess up and that Scopes should be allowed to teach the theory of evolution if he chooses.

I also think that the beliefs in a church should not carry out into people's education and not everything has to be based off of religion but should be based off of facts.

Sincerely, Josh Jasek

Sincerely, Peter Breitbach 5

Letter to the Editor

Dear Editor, Dear Editor These new young women are acting ridiculous and blaah. They think there are all perfect and berries but the are just wild. More and more Flappers have been going to movies, dances, and sports. Crime has grown with these wild women in nightclubs. Now there is rules outside the nightclubs to enhance respectability.

I really enjoyed your article on urban life and its advantages. To me there’s just no where else to live but in the city. Rural life is just too darn boring for my liking. It seems like you just get up every single day and either go to school as a kid or work on the farm as an adult. The weekends are just more of the same. It’s way too blaah for my liking. City living is much more fun and intriguing for me.

Flappers are just trying to imitate Hollywood stars, they do everything they do. They drink alcohol and smoke in public. There clothes are short now and show a lot a skin.

These Flappers did go to college and graduate. They also were. able to get jobs and make a living. They can be productive if they don’t play all the time.They won the right to vote. They can do good things if they are being dumbdora’s.

These women should dress and act like how we do, and not show so much skin in

Just the other day me and my wife took a dimbox down to Yankee Stadium to see Babe Ruth play the Boston Red Soxs.

Afterwards, we went to a speakeasies and spent the entire night dancing and drinking the night away without a care in the world.

We also like to get a Dipe Ducat and ride the subway downtown and porous different shops and restaurants and have a good time. During the week isn’t as much fun as weekends because we have to go to work like everybody else, but there are so many more jobs to have other than just farming.

And I like to be a Johnnie Walker and go to work and I can see so many things in the city while I’m walking to work. Is is just complete and utter berries .

clothing. They should follow the rules and not be so wild. They should play less and work more like all of us.

Sincerely Lucas Holley

It’s also not just how much more fun and exciting it is to live here, it’s also so much better for us economically and it makes life just easier.

Sincerely, Max Stevens

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Letter to the Editor Dear Editor,

Dear Editor, I think that living in the cities and city life style is better than life on a farm, because there is a lot more stuff to do in cities than farms. In cities you have time for fun and frivolity, you could go to speakeasies, or saloons. On the farm you don't have time for fun, because you're busy working in the fields. In cities youth were modern and independent. On the farm, youth worked with their parents.

Cities offer more in life than farms and that is why people started moving to cities, It’s the frog’s eyebrows as the flappers would say. The city offers economic opportunities and cultural excitement with all of the different jobs you can get. On the farm the only “job” you can do is grow crops and sell them to people. One reason why city population was increasing was because of the housing development growth, 767,000 houses were built in 1922 and 1,048,000 houses were built in 1925. On farms, there was just a house then a lot of land to grow crops, which is taking room for houses.

Sincerely, Alex Swack

The wets were mostly found in large cities, immigrant communities, and in secret bars called speakeasies These were made so people could talk quietly about and sit in illegal bars.

There was also another side to this law towards people who supported prohibition, these people were known as the drys. They saw it as a victory, they said that alcoholism caused crime, violence, and the breakup of families. It had a positive impact towards healthier and happier society, less wages were spent at saloons and more towards families, and the amount of gallons declined from 2.6 before ww1 to 1 by the 1930s.

The experiment fails, the government asked the bureau to put an end to anything they could find on illegal drinking, such as dumping the alcohol down drains, retrieving traveling alcohol into america, etc. But the government didn’t give them sufficient personal, money, or supplies. A man named Fiorello H. Laguardia addressed the House declaring the % of whiskey drinkers as increased. Although the government and the drys did everything they could do, the wets won back there right to drink alcohol.

Sincerely, Peyton Hayes

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Briefing “The wise musicians are the ones who play what they can master.”

August 18,1920

19th Amendment ratified

First Transatlantic Flight!!

F. Scott Fitzgerald writes The Great Gatsby

The Spirt of St. Louis

“Prohibition has done nothing besides cause trouble” says Capone 8

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Politics in the 1920s

The 1920s started with the election of Warren G. Harding. Harding got elected because of his promise to return America to “normalcy” before WWI. In this new prewar America, Harding pardoned many people of crimes of radicalism during the war. The Harding Administration strove to establish pro business policies. In 1922, the Fordney-McCumber Tariff was passed to make it difficult for immigrants to get and stay in the country which was what Harding wanted. Harding’s term ended in 1923 when he died of a heart attack in office.

Harding was very liked but it was found out his term was filled with scandal, most publically the Teapot Dome Scandal. In 1921, Harding elected his friend, Albert Falls to obtain jurisdiction of oil fields in Wyoming and California. Fall then made arrangements to sell the rights to the fields for a bribe so he could earn some money himself. The oil companies gained more than $100 million each and Fall got some fortune of his own before being fined $100.00 and sent to prison. The scandal left many Americans not very trusting of the government.

The next president to take over after harding was Calvin Coolidge. Coolidge followed Haring’s policy of promoting business in new prewar America. Stocks and corporate profits rose greatly under Coolidge. Coolidge avoided many problems in his term like the prohibition mess by issuing occasional manifestos saying to follow the law or foreign affairs problems.

Coolidge’s presidency was a hands off one and one that governed the least which was the best to him.

Coolidge’s term ended with him not running for office again, so Herbert Hoover won the 1928 election. In new prewar America, Hoover also promoted business. He encouraged what he called “associationalism” which involved bringing industry leaders together to improve economy. Hoover hoped that business continued to flourish, then poverty would go away. Hoover also believed that less government was the best.

The foreign policy after WWI was a big question. Get more involved or go back to isolationism. Most americans wanted to return to isolationism and to be left out of political and economic turmoils of other nations. Wilson wanted to join the League of Nations but Senate wouldn’t give a two-thirds vote so it never happened. Groups like the Citizens Protective League, American Defense Society, National Security League and National Civic League persuaded the goal of 100% Americanism along with the American Legion after an uproar of Communists after the war. But even though America returned to a form of isolationism, the American and European economies were now tied together more than ever before, and the US had increasingly important security interests overseas.

Warren G. Harding in office

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World

Isolationism was a big part of foreign policy in the 1920’s. The United States refused to join the League of Nations.

President Wilson pushed hard to join but, after the people saw the outcome of WWI they did not want to get involved with European Countries. Congress refused to ratify the 1919 versailles peace treaty. The internationalist policies of wilson were rejected. These policies were rejected in favor of conservative, protectionist, non interventionist republican presidents.

Britain, United States, and Japan found themselves in a Naval race in the Pacific, Charles Hughes started the Washington Naval Conference. This conference helped nations even out, because it forced nations to make their navy's smaller. Each nation had possessions of the Pacific that were vulnerable.

During the Kellogg-Briand Pact Calvin Coolidge was president. The mood of Isolationism deepened in the government and in the people. The United States became a member of the League of Nations.

The agreement was agreed by the French Foreign Minister. With the United States joining the League of Nations, that is how it became the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1927.

The United States and French were in agreement with foreign policy. They would be against Germany. The French knew the United States did not want to go into another war so when they became allies they agreed on what to do. This tied Americans into a system of protective alliances.

Oil was a newly mechanized product that became a international importance.

Nations needed oil to make money, and to make things. In 1921 private oil firms formed. Standard Oil became the biggest oil firm. Countries became more wealthy with the newly mechanized oil.

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Social Tensions Increasing Waterworks Improvement Association came to get him to move out of that house. When Turner first moved in, he was greeted with loud demonstrations.

The KKK burning a cross The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) membership continues to increase with a total of 4,000,000 members. To become a member of the KKK you had to be; native-born, christian, American male, who owed “no allegiance or any nature or degree to any foreign government, nation, institution, seet, ruler, or person. Sometimes leaders of the community will join the KKK so that they wouldn’t get hurt by the KKK. Most klansmen are; solid respectable citizens, kind and loving husbands and fathers, conscientious members of the church's, good middle- class citizens, and are the backbone of the nation.

There was an association formed called the Waterworks Improvement Association. The association’s “job” is to keep an area free of black people. For example, when A.L. Turner moved to an all white neighborhood, the

Another group was formed, but this time the group is helping blacks out. The group is called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Founded in 1909 and led by a group of white and black intellectuals. The NAACP fought to make whites aware of the need for racial equality.

There was still a lot of immigrants coming to the United States during the 20’s. The United States formed a quota system in 1924. This system limited the amount of people allowed in the United States from each place. The system was mostly to limit immigrants coming from; Asia, Southern Europe, Russia, and all nations in Eastern and Central Europe.

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The 1920s economy

Mass production was a huge part of the economy. The assembly line made by Henry Ford, made the production of cars faster and easier.

Other companies adopted it and mass produced other products faster.

The automobile was also another large product for the economy. It was something every family could afford. Throughout the years, the number of cars jumped from 8000 to 5.5 million cars. It allowed Ford to reduce the price of cars from $850 in 1908 to $360 in 1916. In 1925 a new ford car rolled off the assembly line every 24 seconds.

The improvements of roads was a big thing for cars and economy. it increased automobile traffic. Trucks were able to carry crops and other foods more quickly. It also improved food quality and variety for consumers. It dropped in the use of railroads for transportation.

Airplanes became a fast and easier way to travel. After WW1 airplanes became a way to fly mail and passengers long distances. Not only was it a faster way to travel, but it was affordable too. Families could take an airplane to see other family members out of state.

City life/ city growth was an always expanding thing in America.

For the first time in american history, more americans lived in cities.

Immigrants from other countries came to cities as well as african americans came to search for jobs. By the 1920s skyscrapers reached up to 50 stories high. The term skyscrapers used to refer to building 10 to 20 stories, but now they are taller, have indoor plumbing, elevators, and heating systems.

Henry Ford at a Conference answering questions about the new model Ford.

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Prohibition & Crime in the 1920s

The past 1920s has produced images of flappers, gangsters, and heroes of sports. This period favored fun, fads, and fashion, but has ended with the crash of 1929. Profits in the stock markets helped increase wages steadily. Fewer work hours led to more free time. Entertainment and American sports became very popular with legendary figures such as the Babe and the Galloping Ghost. The violation of prohibition led to the increase in violence, gangsters took over cities such as Al Capone. Many reform groups believed that prohibition or making alcohol illegal would help benefit society. The Anti-Saloon reform group believes that prohibition would decrease the amount of crime going around throughout the country, and help restore family values.

Prohibition began in 1920 with all manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages became illegal. As saloons and bars closed, illegal bars called speakeasies opened for people to drink at. Prohibition was also a big business in the 1920s. “Bootleggers” smuggled liquor across the country for speakeasies. In 1926 alone, they made $3.5 billion. Despite Congress’s passing of the law, many disobeyed it. After the Prohibition law was passed, the Volstead Act was passed to carry out the Prohibition Law. Brewers could stay in business under this act if they promised only to make “near-beer”. Penalties for improper use were fines of $1000 and 30 days in jail for first offense, and $10,000 and a year for further

convictions. The act also banned liquor advertising, and the use or sale of anything that might lead to its manufacture.

There was a need for prohibition because the leaders of it were alarmed at the drinking behavior of Americans. Started way back in the 1820s and 30s with a religious revivalism that called for a temperance movement, and then by the 1920s it was nation wide. Also during the 19th century, alcoholism, drug abuse, and gambling were a variety of social ills that led to the movement. Groups who thought this way were the Anti-Saloon League and the Christian Temperance Movement, who called for a national temperance movement. Rural Protestants and Social Progressives also supported prohibition. Another group that supported prohibition were many factory owners in their desire to prevent accidents and increase worker efficiency.m Some of the positives of prohibition in the 1920’s, there was a decrease in crime, more working people brought home paychecks for the family instead of wasting money at bars, workers would work better at work because they aren’t drunk, also fewer workers miss work. Life was better for families with prohibition in the 1920’s.

There was negative effects of prohibition.

America's didn’t know how to accept prohibition.

The Volstead Act was flagrantly broken from the

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moment it became a law and it continued to be broken for thirteen years. The act was withdrawn after 1920, because of the extent of prohibitionrelated law breaking.

By 1922 there was 5,000 bars and by 1917 there was over 30,000 illegal bars.

Speakeasies were formed because of prohibition, for the “wets”. Wets are the people who opposed prohibition and were the people that went to the speakeasies. Speakeasies sold alcohol illegally during prohibition. Some speakeasies were like today’s clubs. To enter speakeasies you would need to say the password to the doorman to enter. You had to tell them a password in order to show that you weren’t a secret agent or a cop. Bootleggers began smuggling foreign made commercial liquor into the United States. The bootleggers favorite sources were the Bahamas, Cuba, And the French islands.

Some of the most famous gangsters and criminals in history came in the 1920’s. Some include the famous Italian mob leader Al “Scarface” Capone also Bugsy Moran, Charles Luciano, and Dutch Schoultz.

One of the most famous events in the 1920’s was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre on February 14, 1929. This event included two of the most powerful gangs in Chicago the Italian Mob with Al Capone and Bugsy Malone and the East side gang. The reason this happened was because Bugsy Moran wanted to take out Al Capone.

Probably the most famous mobsters in American history is Alphonse also known as Al or Scarface Capone born on January 17, 1899.

The mobster had six brothers and two sisters and his parents were born in Nepal, Italy. The reason he was known as Scarface was because a little bit after he joined the Italian Mob, one of the members in the mob didn’t like Capone dating his sister and tried to cut his throat but missed and his face from his left ear to his jaw he had three cuts. But Al usually covered it up with lots of powder so no one could see it.

Capone never went to jail for robbery or murder but only because he didn't pay his federal tax.

One of Capone’s rivals was the East side gang and one of the people in that was one of the most famous bootleggers in the 20’s, Bugsy Moran. Bugsy joined the gang after he finished school when he was 18. How Moran got the nickname Bugsy was because of his impractical crazy plans by kidnapping millionaire and robbing huge banks. His and Capones relationship started when Moran attempted to murder Capone but failed.

To catch all these criminals there were a few very talented policemen which two of the best were Izzy and Moe. Two of the greatest undercover cops who busted speakeasies and other illegal alcohol smuggling. These two had some of the greatest known disguises. These two alone made over 4,932 arrests

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Al Capone, a famous gangster in the 1920s, at a football game in Chicago.

The 21st amendment got rid of the 18th amendment which ratified prohibition. The amendment didn’t fully take effect until January 29, 1920. Prohibition lost a lot of support in 1933. In 1933, the 21st amendment to the constitution was passed and ratified ending national prohibition. After the repeal of the 18th amendment, some states continued prohibition by maintaining state temperance laws.

Newspaper Article from the 1920s announcing that Prohibition had ended

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Entertainment in the 1920's

Movies in the 20’s were a Duck’s quack although movies did not have sound till 1927 people still were crawling in. It also brought acting jobs but the average movie career only lasted 5 years. but some of those incredible actors such as Buster Keaton, Claudette Colbert, Norma Shearer, and the big timer Rudolph Valentino who starred in films like The Four Horsemen Of The Apocalypse and The Sheik. All these films and actors transformed America to what it is today.

In the 1920’s everything especially in the entertainment business. All the way from movies to radio to new kinds of music and dance moves and even in sports.

Also some of America's most iconic figures were born in this time such as Louis Armstrong, Arthur Murray who invented the Charleston dance, Rudolph Valentino, and others.

When the radio first came out it was the bee’s knees everyone had to have one but it first was born in the city of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. The radio brought a boom to not only musicians spreading their music but also in advertisement and in politics like the first election radio broadcast in 1927. It also helped musicians spread a new kind of music called jazz all across the nation.

During the 1920’s the most popular type of music was the sweet sound of jazz played by some of the most famous musicians such as “Duke” Ellington, Al Jolson, Benny Carter, and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings. The type of music transformed America.

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Duke Ellington playing at a cocktail pary in his honor.

Golden Age of Sports Written by: Peter Breitbach In 1920 just a few years ago George Herman Ruth also known as Babe Ruth became a Yankee for $125,000 from the Boston Red Sox. The Babe might be the greatest slugger the sport of baseball will have. He had many talents beside hitting he went 87-45 as pitcher for the Boston Red Sox and won 3 World Series games. In 1920 his first year as a Yankee he hit 54 home runs no other play hit over 20. The new Yankee stadium is even nickname after him “The House That Ruth Built.” Babe Ruth has already led the Yankees to 6 pennants, 3 world series champs, and 8 times leading the league in homeruns. Babe Ruth symbolizes the love affair between the American public and the Athletes in the past 1920s.

Babe Ruth might be the king of baseball but Red Grange is a football star. In the game against Michigan which was just a few weeks ago on the 19 of October, he took the opening kick for a 95 yard touchdown and had 3 total touchdowns and 264 rushing yards on the first half. The next week against Pennsylvania he had 3 touchdowns, 363 rushing yards, over 10 yards a carry. He was so hard to catch he was nicknamed “The Galloping Ghost.”

Women’s athletics have also become very popular, Babe Didrikson in the women’s golf, and Suzanne Langin tennis. Gertrude Ederle is the first women to swim the English channel her time was 14 hours 31 minutes almost 2 hours faster than the male record.

Babe Ruth hitting a home run against the Boston Red Sox.

Paavo Nurmi is an incredible cross-country runner. in the 1920 Olympic games Antwerp, Belgium after WWI his first competition in the olympics, won gold in 10,000 meter, and 10,000 meter run cross-country, silver in 5,000 meter. Eight years later in the Olympic games he won 7 gold, and 3 silver out of all 10 of his races.

Jack Dempsey on September 27, 1927 he got his chance to regain his title back from Gene Tunney. On that day Soldier Field in Chicago was packed 100,000 fans watched the fight in person. Dempsey and Tunney were going at it a pretty even fight, until Jack caught Tunney with a left hook, Tunney fell.

Dempsey was forced away, and Tunney got up it took him actually 17 seconds but the ref didn’t get to 10 so it wasn’t over. In the end Dempsey lost.

Spectator sports are very popular nowadays, attendance is breaking records. Champions are known and loved throughout the country.

Writers helped the interest in sports all around the country as well. Sports throughout the nation we able to be seen daily.

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Interview with “The Babe” Interviewing George Herman Ruth Written by Peter Breitbach

Q: What is your favorite “nickname?”

A: “The Great Bambino”

Babe Ruth posing before game against the Red Sox.

Q: Are you happy to be with the New York Yankees?

A: Yes it has been an honor to play with the guys on this team there is no other team I want to be with.

Q: What is your favorite baseball memory so far?

A:When I pointed to the outfield and hit a homerun in game three of the World Series.

Q: Is there anything else you would rather do than baseball?

A: No, baseball has been my dream since I’ve been a kid.

Q:What do you think of the new Yankee stadium “The House that Ruth Built” A: It is an honor to play there and that it holds 65,000 fans Q: How have you changed since your childhood?

A: I was a little bit of a trouble-maker but now I have changed I’m trying to help kids nowadays stay out of trouble.

Q:Which team do you like better Boston or New York?

A: I was grateful to be a part of both but the inspiration i have brought to New York is greater Q: What is something important to you besides baseball?

A: Just being an inspiration to all of the people around the nation through baseball Q:Who is your favorite teammate?

A: Lou Gehrig he has been the best teammate anyone could ask for Q: If you could say anything to a child what would it be?

A: “Kid there are heroes and legends, heroes get remembered but legends never die.”

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Peter Breitbach’s Bibliography Capone Chicago. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.

George Herman "Babe" Ruth. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.

Nevadas Gangsters past Capone. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.

Yankee's Babe Ruth. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. Books, Time-Life. This Fabulous Century 1920-1930. New York: Time-Life, 1985. Print.

Chadwick, Bruce, and Austin Sarat. Infamous Trials. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. Print.

"Our Century: 1920-1930 (Our Century (Gareth Stevens))." 0836810341. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. <http://www.abebooks.com/book-search/isbn/0836810341/>.

Twentieth-century America: A Primary Source Collection from the Associated Press. Danbury, CT: Grolier Educational, 1995. Print. 2015.

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Alex Swackâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bibliography

""And Speaking of Which..."" : Ruth Cleveland and the Baby Ruth Bar. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.

Baughman, Judith S. American Decades: 1920-1929. New York: Gale Research, 1996. Print.

"4. The Growth of Advertising." 1920s-ghs -. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.

"History of the Roaring Twenties." History of the Roaring Twenties. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.

"NAACP." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.

"Vintage Candy Advertisements of the 1920s (Page 2)." Vintage Candy Advertisements of the 1920s (Page 2). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.

Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999.

Print.

Wukovits, John F. The 1920s. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2000. Print.

Yancey, Diane. Life during the Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2002. Print.

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Lucas Bibliography

Baughman, Judith S. American Decades: 1920-1929. New York: Gale Research, 1996. Print.

"The Jazz Age: The 20s - Time-Life Books." The Jazz Age Time-Life Books 0783555091 9780783555096.

N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

U.S.A. Twenties. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print.

Wallenfeldt, Jeffrey H. A New World Power: America from 1920 to 1945. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in Association with Rosen Educational Services, 2013. Print.

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Joshâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bibliography

Chadwick, Bruce, and Austin Sarat. Infamous Trials. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. Print.

"Duke Ellington." AP. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

"Duke Ellington." AP. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Feather. The Encyclopedia of Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.

Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999.

Print.

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Maxâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bibliography Works Cited Baughman, Judith S. American Decades: 1920-1929. New York: Gale Research, 1996. Print.

Hart, Diane, and Bert Bower. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals. Rancho Cordova, CA: Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2013. Print.

U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print.

Wallenfeldt, Jeffrey H. A New World Power: America from 1920 to 1945. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in Association with Rosen Educational Services, 2013. Print.

Wukovits, John F. The 1920s. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2000. Print.

Yancey, Diane. Life during the Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2002. Print.

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Peyton’s Bibliography

Hanson, Erica. The 1920s. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print.

Lüsted, Marcia Amidon, and Jennifer K. Keller. The Roaring Twenties: Discover the Era of Prohibition, Flappers, and Jazz. N.p.: n.p., n.d.

Print.

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