TIME 1920s: The Jazz Age
Layout Director: Yangtian Shangguan Editors: Jake Hartman and Keaton Speicher Advertiser: Zohar Hodis Graphic Designer: Jason Breitbach
Table of Contents Cover | Picture of Duke Ellington 3 | Letter from the Editor 5 | Letters to the Editors 8 | Briefing Statistics and quotes of the day by Yangtian Shangguan 9 | Politics Harding’s presidency by Zohar Hodis 10 | Tensions in Society All about the Ku Klux Klan by Jacob Hartman
16 | Flappers, Sports,and More!!! The new forms of entertainment by Keaton Speicher 17 | Sports: New Entertainment of the 20s Sports and their heroes by Jason Breitbach 19 | 10 Questions With Babe Ruth by Jason Breitbach 20 | Bibliography
11 | Industries, Businesses and the Boom New products and a booming economy by Yangtian Shangguan 13 | Harlem and the Jazz Age How the Negroes influenced Harlem by Zohar Hodis, Jake Hartman, Keaton Speicher, Jason Breitbach, and Yangtian Shangguan
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Letter from the Editors Dear Readers, We wrote our feature article because we believe that that what is happening in Harlem is very important to our country. Black citizens in the United States are finally being appreciated and they are making great things happen. From the great migration of blacks from the south to the north, to the beautiful music negroes are creating right now. We thought what is going on in Harlem was more important than anything else right now. Our article is about what just is happening in harlem, we wrote about multiple authors and poets and even artists to look for.We talked about Langston Hughes’s life and what he did to become famous in Harlem. We got our information by going around Harlem and doing interviews with the public. Most were happy to answer our questions, and we loved going there because we got to see a new culture that we had never seen. We interviewed many musicians also. What do you think we should write about next? Write to us and maybe you can get in the paper! Sincerely, Editors
A band playing some jazz
Picture of a popular nightclub where jazz plays
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Letters to the Editors Dear Editor, The 18th amendment is the most pointless amendment that has been ratified. How can you ban the sale, manufacture, and transporting of alcoholic beverages, but not ban drinking alcoholic beverages? That just doesn’t make sense to me, but after they ratified the amendment they passed the Volstead Act. I see why people would be upset about people drinking alcohol, and it causing people to waste money on it instead of their own family. The prohibition didn’t help to resolve anything, it honestly just cause more problems. If I wanted to get some alcohol all I need to do is go down to a blind pig, and I’m sure to get some. I could also just ask the doctor for medicinal purposes, it wasn’t hard to get some alcohol. If anything it was easier. Even after the amendment was passed the government didn’t do much to enforce the law. There was little funding for the Prohibition Bureau and not enough prohibition agents. Although I don’t agree with the prohibition, I have to hand it to Izzy and Moe for being some of the greatest detectives I have ever seen. It has helped some people with their drinking problems, but still the prohibition for me caused more problems than it solved, it was pointless, how did it even get ratified? I hope people never see drinking alcohol as a problem again, it is pointless to ban alcohol. Sincerely, Jason Breitbach
Dear Editor, I strongly agree on your article about how flappers and vamps should be discouraged in our culture! These young girls called flappers, dressing up in short skirts and wearing makeup don't listen to any of their elders and they don't care about what anybody thinks of them. They really slay me. We should be making laws forbidding the amount of flesh shown and bills passed so the flappers must have a certain amount of clothing on. Everyone is talking about how much they dislike the flappers. We must go back to our old traditions and not let the flappers and vamps change the way we live. Sincerely, Keaton Speicher
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Letters to the Editors Dear Editor, I thought the article you wrote about the Adult Culture was interesting, but I thought you might want to know some information about the Youth Culture. After the World War 1 the cities became more modern younger, a lot of roles evolved in new directions. The wartime exposure to new ways of culture and social attitudes, it spread through the print media and other social medias. Also in that time women got the right to vote and that led for other changes in their traditional roles as wives and mothers. Nothing symbolize the youth culture more than the Jazz Age, drinking a highball and woman with bobbed hair that dressed in short skirt. Jazz gave freedom to African American and all youth. The media brought the world into American homes, the new modern homes are smaller and have electricity,indoor plumbing, central heating, and often garages. Many of the new suburbs catered to middle- and lower-income families with new houses from $500 - $10,000. The dating now is more fun when the parents are not looking after you so much as they used to before the war. Sincerely, Zohar Hodis
Dear Editor, Growing up on a farm in rural West Virginia was hard work but well worth it. People today who want to move to the big city do not want to work hard. I’m not sure why anyone would want to move to the city anyways. They are too big, crowded, and polluted. I would much rather enjoy the fresh air on the farm than the polluted city. Our nation was founded by father’s. In 1776, 90% of all Americans were farmers. We need to continue upholding the traditional values that are forefathers gave us. People living in rural United States continue to make a profit similar to those city workers. Farmers are able to pay for their food, land and provide for their families. City dwellers think life on the farm is not very exciting. But let me tell you, there are plenty of new changes in farming technology. Farmers no longer plow fields by hand. They use tractors and other machinery to help plant fields and harvest crops. Living on a farm is fun and teaches our youth hard working values and to appreciate nature. Sin 6 cerely, Jacob Hartman
Letters to the Editors Dear Editors, I am writing about the Scopes Trial article in the last issue. It contained interesting information about both views of the trial but I favor Scopes. I believe in science because it seems logical to me when compared to Genesis. How could the Earth have been formed in six days? It seems balled up. I would also like to say my views on the issues regarding the trial. I believe that Scopes’s First Amendment rights allow him to teach evolution, and that Tennessee’s Butler Act cannot override that law, and therefore is unconstitutional. I also believe that religious beliefs should not dominate schools. Lastly, there should be no set rule for what happens when religion and science disagree; people have the choice to believe what they want to believe even if disagreement occurs. I realize that Christianity is a very prominent religion, and that traditionalists say that the Bible is the word of Godarguably The Big Cheese-but how does one prove Earth’s creation without mentioning Darwin’s theory? According to your article, even William Jennings Bryan said that the Earth was not formed in six 24-hour days, as said in Genesis. And How! The only other explanation is the Darwinian Theory, which is science. I really enjoy Time magazine. It is the cat’s meow. The articles are wellwritten and informative. Briefing is essential for keeping up-to-date. Keep up the nifty work! Sincerely, Yangtian Shangguan 7
BRIEFING “Moving pictures need sound as much as Beethoven’s symphonies need lyrics.”
By Yangtian Shangguan
$1,236 Average salary for Americans
-Charles Chaplin
“We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land. The poor-house is vanishing from among us.” -Herbert Hoover
“You are all a lost generation.” -Gertrude Stein, quoted in Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises “The restlessness approached hysteria. The parties were bigger. The shows were bigger. The pace was faster,...the buildings higher, the morals looser.” -F. Scott Fitzgerald.
10.2 Number of suicides per 100,000 people
53.6 years Life expectancy for American males, one year shorter than that of American females
2,132,000 Number of unemployed Americans
106.5 million Population of the United States
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Politics
By Zohar Hodis
As part of Harding’s policy of
returning America to prewar conditions, Harding pardoned many individuals who had been convicted to antiwar activities or for being radicals. His main concern was business. Reversing progressive and wartime trends. The Harding administration strove to establish probusiness policies. Harry M. Daugherty obtained injunctions against striking workers. Normalcy was Warren G. Harding’s campaign. This campaign said that America will be how it used to be before the war. Warren got a lot of votes from the campaign and got elected to be the president. From this campaign business and society have changed. Warren G. Harding
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Tensions in Society By: Jacob Hartman they come’ they're here’ they're eyed. immense power in to america every day eyed and spied on by the true americans. most immigrants come poor expecting a good job only to get payed little some running from the efect by the war in europe. 1921 Congress passed the Emergency Immigration Act which said how many immigrants enter the conerty along with to number the immigrants from each country three year letter in 1924 congress passed The immigration Act of 1924 lowered the amount of immigrants into the contrary a long form each country also not a lawing ashin into the us. 1921 375,000 were allowed into the us and 3% from each country in 1924 164,000 were allowed into the us and cut down to two percent.
titles themselves as grand goblins and Imperial wizards. to join you must be native born and an american citizen. the kkk claim to only be protecting america to keep it safe as their motto says “one hundred percent american blacks discriminated and killed. 1919 a mass riot happened in Chicago when a wight swimmer crossed the line and went into the wight secon at lake Michigan 38 people killed with 500 injured. should black people follow Marcus Garvey a jamaican man who says they should move back to africa starting his own business to raise money to send them back to africa.
the Klu Klux Klan formed during the Civil War with four million in all forty eight states the wight hood robe americans hate all catholics, jews blacks and foreigners many wiped hung and brutally attacked they burn cross to those they hate. one black lady had a cross brun in front yard “it was around 9:00 o'clock when i woke to a bright light and the sound of the crackling of a fire i looked outside to see wight hood robbed people standing by a burning cross”. letter
Ku Klux Klan members burn the cross
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Industries, Businesses and the Boom By Yangtian Shangguan
The economy is booming now, thanks to advertisements. New products, advertised on the radio, in print sources, and on television, promise to make life easier. This is helping to create a new consumer culture, a culture that views the consumption of large amounts of goods as helpful to the economy and a source of personal happiness. Many new products have been invented this during this decade. Electric vacuum cleaners made cleaning easier. Electric washing and irons simplified laundry. Refrigerators and stoves made food preparation much easier. One very important m is George Washington Carver. He has created hundreds of products from plants, and will likely create hundreds more. He made face powder, ink, and even soap from peanuts. He has also created products from pecans and sweet potatoes, like flour, shoe polish, and candy.
Credit has also helped the economy, allowing people to buy now and pay later, which actually increases the cost of a good around 11-40%. For example, a vacuum cleaner costs $28.75. Buying with credit, it costs $2 down and $4 a month; the cost of using it for one year is $50. A refrigerator costs $87.50. It is $5 down and $10 a month, for a total of $125 the first year. The washing machine is an orchid: it costs $97.50, but you can get it for $5 down and $8 per month. That’s $101 for the first year, cheaper than the fridge. Yet even though the cost of buying on credit is more expensive for long-term purchases, more people are doing it. The number of installment purchases has quintupled this decade, reaching $6 billion annually.
Geo rge Washington Carver, who said of his work with plants, “Anything will give up its secrets if you love it enough.� 11
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Harlem and the Jazz Age By Keaton Speicher, Jason Breitbach, Zohar Hodis, Jake Hartman, and Yangtian Shangguan
In the early part of this decade, many Negroes moved to the North in response to extreme racism in the South, in a movement known as the Great Migration. From 1910 until now, more than one million of them have moved to cities such as Detroit, Chicago, New York, and, possibly the most famous of all, Harlem. Harlem was a popular destination for many Negroes. Those who moved there had vacant apartment buildings to live in, rented to them by Phillip A. Payton, founder of the Afro-American Realty Company, and also subleased their apartments to other Negroes. In addition, low population, decent environment, and the music the jazz players unique and good sounding music made people flood into Harlem. An extremely famous poet over the course of the 1920s was Langston Hughes. Hughes was born Joplin, MIssouri in 1902, his father abandoned him at a young age and he was raised primarily by his mom and grandmother. When Hughes was 19, he moved to New York to begin studies at Columbia University. Hughes met several other Negro writers, such as W.E.B Du Bois, and others who became prominent in Harlem. Hughes wrote over a dozen stories that went on to win many awards, and he is still influential today. One of the reasons black poets were being noticed was because of Alain Lockes editing of, The New Negro. He revealed the black talent of many influential poets.
Some famous authors of this decade include Sinclair Lewis, James Weldon Johnson, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Sinclair Lewis has written about the difficult lifestyle of small-town Americans. James Welson Johnson is currently chief executive of the NAACP, and is helping to reshape Harlem. He released God’s Trombones not long ago, a collection that celebrates the Negro experience in the rural South and elsewhere. F. Scott Fitzgerald is the leading writer of the Jazz Age, his novel The Great Gatsby critiques the moral emptiness of the upper class. Zora Neale Hurston, a promising writer, has not yet published a book, but has experienced some success in short-story and playwriting contests, and has befriended Langston Hughes.
Langston Hughes
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In addition to authors, some of the most famous artists in this decade were Henry Tanner, Laura Wheeler Waring, W.E. Scott, Meta Fuller, and W.E. Braxton. Many opportunities were open to African American artists during the 1920s. The art deco was influenced by the Harlem Renaissance and the Negroes that played jazz. Sculptor Augusta Savage struggled for a long time to be noticed. She came to New York City from Palm Beach, Florida, in the 1920. she worked very hard at art school until she was able to pay all her bills, she became famous for her drawings and art. The 1920s is a decade often referred to as the “Roaring Twenties,” but many people know it as the “Jazz Age.” It is referred to as the “Jazz Age,” because people began listening to all sorts of new styles of music. They also began going to dance halls to have a fun time doing the foxtrot, tango, or even the Charleston. Who wouldn’t want to be performing a dance such as these. Not only were people enthusiastic about the “Jazz Age,” but so were many musicians at the time. Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, and Bessie Smith all were musicians who became stars in the industry during the “Jazz Age.”
Duke Ellington is an excellent piano player and composer, but his career took in the later years of the “Jazz Age.” In 1927 Duke and his band, The Washingtonians, took over the Cotton Club and became big hits. This is where their career really took off.
The Cotton Club Despite all its famous musicians and its popularity, jazz is widely criticized by the older Americans, who are shocked by jazz, claiming that its fast rhythms and improvisations are contributing to a loosening of moral standards. The Ladies’ Home Journal even launched an anti-jazz crusade. Young people, on the other hand, love dancing to jazz. The Charleston and other dances are sweeping the country; with their kicks, twists, and turns, these new dances seem reckless and wild. Regardless of whether you love jazz or absolutely hate it, it is the first truly American music. The events in Harlem throughout the decade are very significant to Negroes. Their art is now recognized and they have gained a lot of respect from the fellow Americans. Writing publishers have accepted the Negroes’ writings and publishing them. The Negroes have begun to be accepted into American culture.
Cab Calloway
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Buy a new trumpet for only $20 and you will join the jazz musicians
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Flappers, Sports, and More!!! By Keaton Speicher
Entertainment seemed to floursish during the 1920s. From flappers flirting in a jazz bar, to Babe Ruth hitting home runs at Yankee Stadium.
Just like the movies, sports gave people heros to love and Babe Ruth was just that. He hit the farthest home runs and threw faster than anybody else, he was truly a hero.
One of Americas favorite things to docin their pastimes was to go to the movies! Almost 100 million people went to the movies in 1922. People loved the movies because it showed the newest fashion trends and the new ways to be "cool". Also the movies were extremely acsessible using the newly invented... cars. Cars gave people a sense of freedom, people felt like they could go anywhere, live anywhere, travel anywhere. They could always get communication with the new radio too. Over 12 million families had a radio, so it gave americans a sense of communication. People could get election results the day of the elections, sports results while the game was being played!
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Sports: New Entertainment of the 20s By Jason Breitbach
In the 1920s Americans were spending more time and money on sports, because they had the time. Work hours were shortened and there were less working days in a week. Giving Americans the time to see the famous Babe Ruth play a game of baseball. Babe Ruth was drawing crowds of over a million people for the New York Yankees. Makes sense because in the course of the entire season Babe Ruth had hit more homeruns himself than any other major league team. One man hitting more home runs than an entire team. Babe Ruth wasn’t the only one achieving major accomplishments, the U. S. as a whole won 41 gold medals at the 1920 Olympic Games. Congrats to our olympians. We can’t just talk about the people of America, the horse, Man O’ War, won 20 out of the 21 races he raced in, that’s over 95%.
George Gipp
Let us talk about the man’s game, football. George Gipp scores 83 touchdowns total for his career at Notre Dame. Later after his death in 1920 there was a new saying at Notre Dame, “win one for the Gipper.” This was to honor his legacy . A couple years later Fritz Pollard becomes the 1st African American QB in the NFL and led his team to a championship. Speaking of champions, how about that guy Jack Dempsey? Boxing’s Heavyweight Champion in 1919 and remained unbeaten until 1926. He’s famous for making boxing popular, and even rivaled the hotshot Babe Ruth as a national sports idol. Let’s switch it around and talk about an amazing woman in the sports industry, Gertrude Ederle. She became the 1st woman to swim across the English Channel at the age of 19, she had tried once before at the age of 18. That’s hard to believe, only 19 years old.
The Famous Man O’ War
This all comes to show the importance of sports for Americans. They were spending more of their time and money than ever before. This is how a few games can affect a nation as a whole.
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10 Questions with The Babe By Jason Breitbach
1.What team did you play for before the New York Yankees? I played six years for the Boston Red Sox. 2.Where did you grow up? I grew up in a small neighborhood in Baltimore. 3.When did you start playing professional baseball? I started playing for the Boston Red Sox in 1914.
The Babe on the left.
6.Who are some of your teammates on the Yankees? Some of my teammates are Lou Gehrig, Pat Collins, and Tony Lazzeri. 7.Who’s the manager of the Yankees?
4.What is your record for homeruns in a season?
Miller Huggins
My personal record is 60 homeruns in a season in the year 1927.
8.Is it true that you hit more homeruns alone than any other team in the league?
5.How many World Series have you won with the Yankees?
Yes, in the season of 1920 I hit more homeruns alone than any other team.
On the Yankees I have won three World Series Championships.
9.How many homeruns did you hit in that season? Around 54 home runs I believe.
“You just can't beat the person who never gives up.Every strike brings me closer to the next home run.Never let the fear of striking out get in your way.” -Babe Ruth
10.If you had to estimate how many people came to Yankees’ games? I’d have to say probably around a million people.
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Bibliography Yangtian Shangguan
Zohar Hodis
"The 1920s Statistics." Shmoop. Shmoop University, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. <http://www. schmoop.com/1920s/statistics.html>. Bowen, Ezra, ed. This Fabulous Century, Volume III: 1920-1930. New York: Time-Life, 1969. Print. Chadwick, Bruce, and Austin Sarat. Infamous Trials. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. Print. George Washington Carver. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015. <https://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/George_Was hington_Carver_c1910.jpg>. Hanson, Freya Ottem. The Scopes Monkey Trial: A Headline Court Case. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow, 2000. Print. "James Weldon Johnson." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. <http: //www.biography.com/people/jamesweldon-johnson-9356013>. Yancey, Diane. Life during the Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2002. Print. "Zora Neale Hurston." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. <http: //www.biography.com/people/zora-nealehurston-9347659>.
"The Cult of Celebrity in the Roaring 20's." APUSHunityanddivision20s -. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Haskins, James. The Harlem Renaissance. Brookfield, CT: Millbrook, 1996. Print. Kallen, Stuart A. The Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2002. Print. "New Technology for the Masses." APUSH1920sVS1950s -. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Wallenfeldt, Jeffrey H. A New World Power: America from 1920 to 1945. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in Association with Rosen Educational Services, 2013. Print. Wellman, Victoria. "Oh-oh Oreo! The World's Favourite Snack." Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Woog, Adam, Michael V. Uschan, Erica Hanson, Petra Press, Stuart A. Kallen, Gini Holland, and Gail B. Stewart. A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. Warren G. Harding. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. <https://upload.wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Warren_G_HardingHarris_%26_Ewing.jpg>.
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Bibliography (cont.) Jason Breitbach Babe Ruth. Digital image. AP Images. Associated Press, 18 May 2009. Web. 20 Oct. 2015. Domina, Lynn. The Harlem Renaissance: A Historical Exploration of Literature. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Duke Ellington. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. George Gipp. Digital image. AP Images. Associated Press, 02 Jan. 1997. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Man O' War. Digital image. AP Images. Associated Press, 20 May 2003. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. Pietrusza, David. The Roaring Twenties. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1998. Print. U.S.A. 1920s. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Print. Walters, John. Sports in America, 1920-1939. New York: Facts on File, 2004. Print. Feature Article Images Cab Calloway. Digital image. Portland Center Stage. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015. <http://www. pcs.org/assets/uploads/Cab%20calloway (1).jpg>. Langston Hughes. Digital image. Biography.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015. <http://a1.files.biography. com/image/upload/c_fit,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0, h_1200,q_80, w_1200/MTE5NDg0MDU1MDA1MzMzMDA 3.jpg>. The Cotton Club. Digital image. Long Wharf Theatre. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015. <http://www. longwharf. org/sites/default/files/u3/Cotton%20Club. jpg>.
Keaton Speicher "The Harlem Renaissance (Bloom's Period Studies) Paperback â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 11 Nov 2004." The Harlem Renaissance (Bloom's Period Studies): Amazon.co.uk: Prof. Harold Bloom: 9780791079867: Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015. "Roaring Twenties." Alibris. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.
Jacob Hartman "The 1920s by Hanson, Erica." BetterWorldBooks. com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. Gahes, Ann Graham. The Herlem Renissace in America History. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web.
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